Unit 2 assignment 2

Graham Mckenna

Graham Mckenna
Unit 2 Assignment 2
 Unit 2 assignment 2
Graham Mckenna
Index
Pages:
1… Title page
2… Index
3… Introduction
4 …Introduction
5… P5
6… P5
7… P6
8… P6
9… P6
10… P7
11… P7
12… P7
13… P7
14… P7
15… P8
16… P8
17… P8
18… P8
19… P8
20… Bibliography
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Introduction:
For this assignment I will be designing and implementing a network LAN/WAN for Lincorp.
Objective of the website: The network is designed to improve the previous network as well
as link the Manchester site as well as the Gateshead based one together.
Reason for the network: The network I am designing and implementing for the LAN/WAN
Lincorp sites are to improve the overall network by complete network infrastructure
redesign as well as link the new Manchester site.
The company’s original service provider was BT which only allowed them 72mbps
connection, however Virgin media could be a good replacement as it offers up to 350mbps
download speed as well as up to 500mbs download speeds. The upload speeds starting from
7mbps to 35mbps, this is a much better deal, as with virgin £54 a month gives you 350mbps
download speed as well as well as dynamic or static with 1 static IP included, this already is
better than the BT deal as some deals are £43.57 a month with only 76mbps download
speed.
The types of server that will be used in the business will be the rack server, this is because it
is better utilised this way for the business rather than a tower server that cannot be stored
in a beneficial way compared the rack server.

This is much more efficient and takes up less space as you will not need to have it on the
desk next to your pc or on the floor. The cost of the servers is why its important to maximize
the utilisation of them. Possible high-end rack servers can cost from 4000-£10,000 this is
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expensive. “The lifespan of a modern server is 3-5 years” this is an important part for the
network as these will need maintained as well as replaced, when they are at the end of their
use. [ CITATION iPo13 \l 2057 ]
Type of topology: The star topology is popular among modern day businesses, the reason
why this is possibly the best choice is because of the many nodes and the fact that if one
node fails then only the PC connected to it will be effected. The nodes cable back to the
switch so if that cable goes down, the node being the pc will be the only one to experience
problems. This can save the whole offices users from going down all together, advantages
and disadvantages of the star topology would be that it is unfortunately expensive to install,
however it is very cost effective when it comes to maintaining it, being inexpensive.
Another problem would be that it requires the extra hardware for example hubs and
switches which can add to cost as a downside. A benefit would be the high performance due
to the fact no data collisions can occur on the star topology.
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Firewalls:
These will be important as the two sites will be connected over the WAN, so firewall will be
of high importance when filtering out unwanted sources form the internet, firewalls can be
set to defend against ransomware, worms, etc. This will be important for the two sites.
My overall aim for this is to create a network that is secure and reliable as well as provide
the hosts needed for Lincorp to meet the requirements.
P5: Design networked system to fit requirements of Lincorp:
When designing the improved Lincorp network I decided to use subnetting to split the
functions for example marketing, finance etc. into separate networks, this increases the
security of the network as well as keeping traffic to a minimum. I used five /27 networks for
the Gateshead site and two of them for the Manchester site, each of the subnets provide up
to 30 host IP addresses which fits the requirements and beyond for the Lincorp network.

Network design: Physical:

Network design: Logical:

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For my network I chose to use the star topology, this was the most beneficial to use for
networks. The reason for it being effective is the reliability of it, for example the cables
connected from the nodes (PCs) back to the central switch can prevent the whole network
going down this happens because each nodes itself is connected back to the switch so if one
cable malfunctions or fails then only that pc connected via that cables will be affected. This
is incredibly reliable in terms of keeping networks up for businesses as well as one of the
reasons its popular.[ CITATION tek20 \l 2057 ]
Gateshead networks:

Networ Network ID Gateway Mask Broadcast DHCP/S

k TATIC
Switch0 192.168.0.0 182.168.0.1 255.255.255.224 192.168.0.31 DHCP
Switch1 192.168.0.32 182.168.0.33 255.255.255.224 192.168.0.63 DHCP
Switch2 192.168.0.64 182.168.0.65 255.255.255.224 192.168.0.65 DHCP
Switch3 192.168.0.96 182.168.0.97 255.255.255.224 192.168.0.127 DHCP
Switch4 192.168.0.128 182.168.0.129 255.255.255.224 192.168.0.159 STATIC
Gateshead Server IP addresses:

Name IP Mask Gateway DHCP/STATIC

WEB 192.168.0.131 255.255.255.22 192.168.0.129 STATIC
4
DNS 192.168.0.130 255.255.255.22 192.168.0.129 STATIC
4
DHCP
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Gateshead CCTV 192.168.0.132 255.255.255.22 192.168.0.129 STATIC
4

Manchester networks:

Network Network ID Gateway Mask Broadcast DHCP/STATIC

Switch 6 192.168.1.0 182.168.1.1 255.255.255.24 192.168.1.31 DHCP
4
Switch 7 192.168.32 182.168.1.33 255.255.255.24 192.168.1.63 STATIC
4

Manchester server IP addresses:

Name IP Mask Gateway DHCP/STATIC

EPOS 192.168.1.35 255.255.255.22 192.168.1.129 STATIC
4
Man CCTV 192.168.1.40 255.255.255.22 192.168.1.129 STATIC
4

Hardware required for the network:

Hardware needed: Amount:

Tills 18
CCTV cameras 18
Switches 7
PCs 30
Routers 2
Servers 6

P6: Testing and evaluating the design:

During the initial design phase of the network I was going to try static IP, however after
careful consideration this thought process changed as I opted for more reliable networks for
the Lincorp improved network design. Therefore I only used static IP addresses for the
servers, the reason I did not use static IP is that even when a PC is not in use it will still be
occupied by it, therefore this can limit the amount of available IP addresses. I feel that this
would be limiting if in the future Lincorp ever wanted to expand further on their network so
that is why I abandoned the use of static IP. I decided only to use static IP for the servers as
it is easier for clients to find the website etc of the workplace via DNS. Another reason I used
dynamic IP instead of static IP addresses was because that it configures hosts much easier,
dynamic assigns the next available IP address to the device in need thus meaning nothing
needs to be done to configure them. [ CITATION ava \l 2057 ]
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Another change in design I made was to have the tills and cctv on the same network,
originally I was going to have them on separate networks however I realised that this would
just increase cost of the overall project as an extra switch would have to be paid for, so I
decided to just have tills and cctv on the same network to lower the cost.

Original idea:

The change I made:

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I also decided to separate sales and finance into separate networks, so I decided to split the
two so that there would be a network for managing the money thus being finance and the
network for all the purchases made. This then creates ease within the networks as staff will
know which department functions in a certain way, they will be able to identify the rooms
easier for the two as it will be separated and much more simple and effective. If they were
both on the same network it may lead to confusion and difficulties, thus the reason they
were split.
Original idea:
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Updated and changed:

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P7: Implement networked systems based on prepared design:

For this I will show some screenshots of the functioning network physical and logical. These
will be done in sections, so that I can fit them on the page, I will set them into logical
Gateshead then Manchester and then physical Gateshead and then Manchester.
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Logical:Gateshead:
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Logical Manchester:
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Physical Gateshead:
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Physical Manchester:

The network is fully configured and dynamic IP for all except the servers which use static IP
instead to make for easier locating of the website by customers. This network design I have
made doubles the work force with 30 hosts at total for PCs, the network has also been
tested in terms of the design to make sure that it is suitable and efficient as well as cost-
effective.

GBMUnit 2 GBMUnit 2
assignment 2 LOGICAL.pkt assignment 2 PHYSICAL.pkt

Both of my networks can be accessed above, logical and physical.

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P8: Documentation and testing of the implementation of the network:

For network I will now perform some ping tests and add them to a table, the outcome of
them will be recorded in this and if there are problems I will record the required
adjustments that are needed for it to function correctly.

Lincorp Network test table

Test working Fix Date

Gate shop y successful 8/07/2020
Ping pc Till 1
default
192.168.0.6

Finance pc 1 ping y Lost one packet but then it 8/07/2020

sales p1 worked second time round
Pinging when pinged again and is now
192.168.0.40 successful

Gate shop floor y successful 8/07/2020

Till 1 ping till 8
192.168.0.12

Gate sales office y First ping timed out with 1 8/07/2020

Sales 10 ping packet loss however once
marketing 10 pinged again there was 0% loss
192.168.0.78 and it was successful

Sales office y successful 8/07/2020

Ipconfig /all
Pc 1
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Marketing office y Successful 8/07/2020
Ipconfig /all
Pc 1

Finance office y Successful 8/07/2020

Ipconfig /all
Pc 1

Test working Fix Date

Gate shop floor y Successful 8/07/2020
Ipconfig /all

Gateshead shop y First time it lost one packet, 8/07/2020

floor second ping 0% loss and
Till 1 ping successful
Manchester shop
floor Till 1
192.168.1.22

Manchester PC 1 y Successful 8/07/2020

ping
192.168.1.22

Gateshead shop y Was able to connect to the DNS 8/07/2020

floor server as noted by the address
PC till 1 provided and shown by the
nslookup command: 192.168.0.30 (DNS)
so it was successful
Server: [192.168.0.130]
Address: 192.168.0.130

Gateshead shop y Was successful as it showed the 8/07/2020

Floor interface list as well as the
PC till 1 active routes etc.
Netstat -r
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Gateshead shop y Showed internet address and 8/07/2020
Floor type: dynamic
PC till 1 192.168.0.1
Arp -a 000d.bd29.6847 d
192.168.0.12
0000.0c55.243a dynamic
Was successful
Gateshead sales 1 y Successful 8/07/2020
tracrt Tracing route to 192.168.1.22
192.168.1.22 to over a maximum of 30 hops:
till 1 Manchester
shop floor 1 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.0.33
2 1 ms 18 ms 0 ms 192.168.3.2
3 1 ms 1 ms 26 ms 192.168.1.22

Trace complete.

Test working Fix Date

CCTV server ping y Pinging 192.168.1.6 with 32 8/07/2020
cctv01 bytes of data:
Manchester shop
floor Reply from 192.168.1.6:
bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.6:
bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.6:
bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.6:
bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.6:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4,
Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in
milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum =
2ms, Average = 1ms
CCTV works successful at
Manchester
CCTV server ping y Pinging 192.168.0.14 with 32 8/07/2020
cctv1 Gateshead bytes of data:
shop floor
Reply from 192.168.0.14:
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bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.0.14:
bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.0.14:
bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.0.14:
bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.14:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4,
Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in
milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum =
0ms, Average = 0ms
Was successful
Router 0 y Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is 8/07/2020
Show IP interface up (connected)
Internet address is
192.168.3.1/30
Broadcast address is
255.255.255.255
Ethernet1/0 is up, line protocol
is up (connected)
Internet address is
192.168.0.65/27
Broadcast address is
255.255.255.255
Successful

Router 1 show IP y Router>show ip interface 8/07/2020

Interface ethernet1/0
ethernet1/0 Ethernet1/0 is up, line protocol
is up (connected)
Internet address is
192.168.1.1/27
Broadcast address is
255.255.255.255
Successful
Router 1 y Router>ping 192.168.1.20 8/07/2020
Ping
Till 10 Type escape sequence to abort.
Manchester Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos
192.168.1.20 to 192.168.1.20, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
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Success rate is 100 percent
(5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =
0/0/0 ms
Successful
Router 1 y Successfully shown config 8/07/2020
Manchester
#show running-
config

Router 0 y Pool switch0 : 8/07/2020

Gateshead Utilization mark (high/low) : 100
Show ip dhcp /0
pool Subnet size (first/next) : 0 / 0
Total addresses : 30
Leased addresses : 16
Excluded addresses : 4
Pending event : none

1 subnet is currently in the pool

Current index IP address range
Leased/Excluded/Total
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 -
192.168.0.30 16 / 4 / 30
Successful

Bibliography
avast. (n.d.). Static vs. Dynamic IP Addresses. Retrieved from avast: https://www.avast.com/c-static-
vs-dynamic-ip-addresses

iPoint. (2013, May 14). Determining Your Server Life-Expectancy. Retrieved from iPoint-tech.com:
https://ipoint-tech.com/determining-your-server-life-expectancy/

tek-tools. (2020, 4 13). A Comprehensive Guide on Network Topology, Types, and Tools. Retrieved
from tek-tools: https://www.tek-tools.com/network/best-network-topology-software