Astm d1000

An American National Standard
Designation: D1000 – 10
Standard Test Methods for

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for
Electrical and Electronic Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Curling and Twisting 140-146

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 83-90
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing Effect of Accelerated Aging on High-Temperature Tapes 97-103
pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated tapes to be used as electri- Flagging 66-76
cal insulation. These tapes are classified as follows: Flammability 104-109
Hazards/Precautions 3
1.1.1 Class 1—Non-elastomeric backings made from mate- Insulation Resistance at High Humidity 91-96
rials such as: Length of Tape in a Roll 28-36
Paper, flat or creped, Oil Resistance 116-122
Fabric, uncoated or coated, Puncture Resistance 123-128
Cellulose ester films, Resistance to Accelerated Aging (Heat and Moisture) 129-139
Polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) films, Sampling 4
Fluorocarbon polymer films, Specimen Preparation 5
Composite filament films, Thermosetting Properties 77-82
Polyamide films, Thickness 21-27
Polyimide films, and Unwind Force at Room Temperature 54-65
Combinations thereof. Unwind Force at Low Temperatures 54-65
Width 11-20
NOTE 1—These procedures apply to both Class 1 and Class 2 tapes

1.1.2 Class 2—Elastomeric backings that are characterized except as noted above.
by both high stretch and substantial recovery. These backings
are made from materials such as: 1.5 The values stated in SI units are the standard, unless
Vinyl chloride and co-polymers,
otherwise noted. If a value for measurement is followed by a
Vinylidene chloride and co-polymers, and value in inch-pound or English units in parentheses, the second
Polyethylene and co-polymers. value may only be approximate and is for information only.
1.2 Test laminates of Class 1 and Class 2 backings accord- The first stated value is the preferred unit.
ing to Class 1 test methods. NOTE 2—These test methods are similar to IEC 60454–3, but may differ
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the sometimes in some details.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 1.6 This is a fire–test response standard.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 2. Referenced Documents
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
see Section 3. A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
1.4 The procedures appear in the sections indicated below Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
and in alphabetical order: D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Room Temperature 46-53 Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Low Temperatures 46-53
Bond Strength After Solvent Immersion 110-115 at Commercial Power Frequencies
Breaking Strength and Elongation at Room Temperature 37-45 D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Breaking Strength and Elongation at Low Temperatures 37-45 Insulating Materials
Conditioning 6-8
D295 Test Methods for Varnished Cotton Fabrics Used for
Electrical Insulation
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1000–09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1000-10. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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D1000 – 10
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu- measurements refers to the averaging of measurements on a
lation single roll and not to the average of all sample rolls.
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation 4.4 See Table 1 for a summary of standard requirements for
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in the number of test specimens to select from each sample roll,
Electrical Apparatus the number of test measurements to make per test specimen,
D5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid- and the value to be reported.
ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions 4.5 Include in every report the complete identification of the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to tape tested.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 IEC Standard: SPECIMEN PREPARATION
IEC 60454-3 Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive
Tapes for Electrical Purposes3 5. Test Specimen Preparation
5.1 Place any roll of tape to test on a freely revolving
3. Hazards mandrel. Except for determination of length of tape in a roll,
3.1 The following specific substances are flammable liq- remove and discard a minimum of three layers before remov-
uids. Do not use them in the vicinity of open flames or ing tape for preparation of test specimens.
electrical contacts: acetone (see 50.1 and 94.1), heptane (see 5.2 Remove sufficient length of tape, at the rate of approxi-
50.1 and 94.1), and toluene (see 70.6). They must be stored in mately 50 mm/s (2 in./s), to provide the specimens required for
closed containers, and it is imperative to clean apparatus in a all tests. Cut the tape with a sharp razor blade or scissors,
well-ventilated area. unless otherwise specified. Place the tape on a smooth clean
3.2 As toluene is a toxic substance, use toluene only where surface, adhesive side up, or suspend it from one end in free air.
adequate ventilation is provided and in such manner as to avoid Protect the adhesive surface from dust. Do not allow the
any absorption through the skin (see 70.6). adhesive surface to contact the operator’s fingers or other
3.3 Warning—It is possible that lethal voltages will be foreign objects. From this tape material, prepare specimens as
present when conducting test methods which evaluate electri- required in the individual test methods. See also Table 1.
cal properties. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all 5.3 Use test specimens that are the width of the tape as
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly received, if possible. If it is necessary to prepare narrower
designed and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground all specimens as prescribed in the test method, use extreme care
electrically conductive parts that any person might come in since hand trimming has the potential to materially affect the
contact with during the test. Provide means for use, at the test results. Two recommended procedures are (1) to slit the
completion of any test, to ground any parts which: were at high specimen with a sharp razor blade free of nicks while the
voltage during the test; have the potential to acquire an specimen is held down with a pattern of the desired width, or
induced charge during the test; or have the potential to retain (2) to slit with mounted parallel sharp razor blades free of nicks
a charge even after disconnection of the voltage source. to the desired width.
Thoroughly instruct all operators in the proper way to conduct
tests safely. When making high voltage tests, particularly in
TABLE 1 Testing and Reporting
compressed gas or in oil, it is possible that the energy released
at breakdown will be suffıcient to result in fire, explosion, or Sec- Tests per Specimens
Test ReportB
tion SpecimenA per RollA
rupture of the test chamber. Design test equipment, test
Width 14, 19 3 1 avg
chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the possibility Thickness 26 3 1 avg
of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personal Length of tape in a roll 35 1 1 value
injury. Breaking strength 44 1 3 avg
Elongation 44 1 3 avg
Adhesion strength 52 1 3 avg
SAMPLING Unwind force
Fast rate of removal 64 1 1 value
Slow rate of removal 64 3 1 avg
4. Sample and Specimen Requirements Flagging
4.1 The producer and consumer shall agree upon the num- Class 1 Tape 71 3 1 avg
Class 2 Tape 75 1 3 avg
ber of rolls selected. Unless otherwise specified a minimum of Thermosetting properties 81 1 3 avg
three rolls per lot shall be selected. Dielectric breakdown voltage 89 3 3 avg
4.2 For sampling purposes, a lot consists of identifiable Insulation resistance at high humidity 95 5 1 med
Effect of accelerated aging 102 3 2 avg
materials of the same type, manufactured in one production run Flammability 108 1 3 avg
and offered for delivery at the same time. Bond strength after solvent immersion 114 1 3 avg
4.3 All test methods in this standard are intended to produce Oil resistance 121 1 4 avg
Puncture resistance 127 1 5 avg
a test value for a single roll. Any reference to averaging of Resistance to accelerated aging 129, 133 1 6 avg
Curling and twisting 140 1 3 avg
A
When referee testing is involved, use an average of 5 determinations wherever
1 or 3 are specified above.
3 B
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Minimum and maximum values are also occasionally required when average
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. values are reported.
D1000 – 10
CONDITIONING 12. Test Specimens
12.1 Select test specimens of approximately 450 mm (18-
6. Terminology in.) lengths of tape taken from each sample roll in accordance
6.1 Definitions: with 5.2 and conditioned in accordance with Section 8.
6.1.1 conditioning, n—the exposure of a material to the
influence of a prescribed atmosphere for a stipulated period of 13. Procedure
time or until a stipulated relation is reached between material 13.1 Place the test specimen, after conditioning, without
and atmosphere. tension or pressure, adhesive side down on a hard smooth
surface. Measure the width perpendicular to the edge with the
7. Significance and Use steel scale at three approximately equally-spaced points along
7.1 The physical and electrical properties such as adhesion, the length.
elongation, breaking strength, and dielectric breakdown will
vary with temperature and moisture content. Actual service 14. Report
results are influenced by these factors. In order that test 14.1 Report the average width in millimetres or inches, plus
methods yield consistent and reproducible results, control the the maximum and minimum, if specified.
temperature and moisture content of the sample or specimen.
15. Precision and Bias
8. Conditioning for Room Temperature Measurements 15.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but no
8.1 Condition all rolls of tape for a minimum of 24 h to a statement of precision has been made and no activity is planned
temperature of 23 6 5 °C (73 6 9 °F) before removing to develop such a statement.
specimens for test. 15.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
8.2 Condition all test specimens for a period of 1 h in a width is defined in terms of this test method.
controlled atmosphere at 23 6 5 °C (73 6 9 °F) and 50 6 10 % Method B—Caliper
relative humidity prior to testing.
8.3 Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be conducted at 16. Apparatus
23 6 5 °C (73 6 9 °F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity. 16.1 A pair of calipers with a scale length larger than width
8.4 For referee testing purposes, subject all sample rolls to of the roll of tape, having divisions at 0.5-mm or 1⁄64-in.
a controlled laboratory temperature of 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 intervals.
°F) for a minimum period of 24 h before removing specimens
for test. 17. Test Specimen
8.5 Unless otherwise specified, condition all referee test
17.1 One roll of tape, conditioned in accordance with
specimens for a period of 1 h in a controlled laboratory
Section 8. Unless damaged, no outer layers need to be
atmosphere at 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 °F) and 50 6 2 % relative
removed.
humidity.
8.6 Unless otherwise specified, referee testing shall be 18. Procedure
conducted at 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 °F) and 50 6 2 % relative
humidity. 18.1 The outer turns of the roll must have clean and sharp
edges. Discard any damaged or crushed edges. After condi-
9. Conditioning for Low Temperature Measurements tioning the roll of tape, place it on a table in a vertical position.
Open the jaws of the calipers and slide them over the cut edges
9.1 Elastomeric backings of Class 2 tapes have the potential of the tape so that the scale shaft is parallel to the table. Close
to be subject to cold temperature tests. Condition elastomeric the caliper jaws slowly so as to just touch the sides of the tape
backings of Class 2 tapes for cold temperature tests by placing roll. Be careful not to crush the edges and keep the caliper jaws
prepared specimens or rolls of tape in a cold room for at least perpendicular to the edges of the tape. Measure the width
2 h at the desired temperature (example temperatures: 10 °C, 0 perpendicular to the edges in mm (in.) to the nearest 0.5 mm
°C, -10 °C, -18 °C). (1⁄64 in.) at three approximately equally-spaced points along the
circumference of the roll.
10. Apparatus for Low Temperature Conditioning
10.1 Cold room or cold chamber capable of maintaining the 19. Report
desired cold temperatures during testing. 19.1 Report the average width in millimetres or inches, plus
the maximum and minimum, if specified.
WIDTH OF TAPE
Method A—Steel Ruler 20.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but no
statement of precision has been made and no activity is planned
11. Apparatus to develop such a statement.
11.1 A steel scale having divisions at 0.5 mm or 1⁄64-in. 20.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
intervals. width is defined in terms of this test method.
D1000 – 10
THICKNESS 27.2 A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the
unavailability of a standard reference material for this property.
21. Terminology
21.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: LENGTH OF TAPE IN A ROLL
21.1.1 thickness, n—the perpendicular distance between the
28. Terminology
opposite surfaces of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as deter-
mined in accordance with this test method. 28.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
28.1.1 length of tape in a roll, n—the number of linear
22. Significance and Use metres or yards of tape wound into a roll as measured in
22.1 The thickness is of value in controlling uniformity and accordance with these test methods.
providing design data, as well as for use in determining 29. Significance and Use
physical and electrical properties.
29.1 Measurement of the length of tape in a roll is necessary
23. Apparatus to ensure receiving correct quantities.
23.1 Thickness Gauge—A dead weight thickness gauge as Method A—Balance Method
prescribed in Apparatus C of Test Methods D374, with the
following modifications: 30. Apparatus
23.1.1 Presser Foot Diameter—6 mm (1⁄4 in.). 30.1 Balance—Two required, one capable of weighing to
23.1.2 Anvil Diameter—6 mm to 50 mm (1⁄4 to 2 in.). the nearest 0.1 g, the other capable of weighing to 1 mg.
23.1.3 A weighted presser foot so that the total pressure 30.2 Steel Rule—Capable of measuring to the nearest 2 mm
applied to a specimen is equal to 50 6 5 kPa (7.6 6 0.5 psi). (0.1 in.).
Calibrate the gauge for the actual load exerted by the presser
foot. 31. Test Specimen
23.1.3.1 Any commercial instrument that satisfies 23.1.3, 31.1 A test specimen is a single thickness of pressure-
including a hand-held micrometer, is permissible for the sensitive adhesive tape approximately 1 m (3 ft) long removed
thickness measurement. from a full roll of tape as received from the manufacturer.
24. Test Specimens Condition each specimen as described in Section 8.
24.1 In accordance with 5.2 and Section 8, prepare and 32. Procedure
condition specimens of tape of a single thickness a minimum 32.1 Determine the number of rolls to be tested for length in
length of 450 mm (18 in.). Let flexible specimens relax for at accordance with the schedule described in Section 4.
least 2 min before testing. 32.2 Remove the core from the roll. Weigh each roll to the
nearest 0.1 g (Note 3). Remove a specimen of tape approxi-
25. Procedure
mately 1 m (3 ft) long from the roll in accordance with the
25.1 Place the test specimen upon the anvil of the gauge, procedure described in Section 5, except DO NOT DISCARD
smoothly, with adhesive side down, but without tension. Lower the first three layers. After conditioning, measure the relaxed
the presser foot onto the tape gradually to minimize any impact length of the specimen to the nearest 2 mm or 0.1 in. and weigh
force, allowing it to rest upon the tape for 2 s, and then observe to the nearest mg.
the reading to the nearest 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) of the
thickness gauge scale. Make sure no air bubbles are trapped. NOTE 3—If it is desired to run additional tests on the tape in the roll, it
is permissible to first weigh the roll with the core in place and then
25.2 Take three measurements uniformly distributed over
subtract the weight of the core after all test specimens are removed.
the surface of the test specimen.
32.3 Calculate the metres per roll as follows:
26. Report weight of roll less core 3 length of specimen, mm
Metres per roll 5
26.1 Report the following information: weight of specimen 3 1000
26.1.1 The average thickness to the nearest 0.0025 mm (1)
(0.0001 in.) plus the maximum and minimum, if specified. 32.4 Calculate the yards per roll as follows:
weight of roll less core 3 length of specimen, in.
27. Precision and Bias Yards per roll 5 weight of specimen 3 36
27.1 Data obtained from a round-robin investigation on (2)
several types of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape indicate that
Method B—Length Sensor Method
thickness measurements within a single laboratory can be
expected to fall within 65 % of the mean value, and that 33. Apparatus
measurements between laboratories can be expected to fall
33.1 Length Sensor—A device to measure length by using a
within 610 % of the overall mean value.4
benchmarked rotating wheel which rolls, with low torque and
contact pressure, against the circumference of the roll as it
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may unwinds. The apparatus includes a spindle for mounting the
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D09-1008. tape, the length sensor mechanism, and a read-out and rotating
D1000 – 10
wind-up roll that can be used to either manually or automati- 38.2 Elongation—Elongation of tape is important as a
cally unwind the roll of tape. See Fig. 1. measurement of its uniformity and quality, as well as a rough
indication of its ability to conform to contours of uneven
34. Procedure
surfaces.
34.1 Determine the number of rolls to be tested for length in 38.3 In the case of Class 2 tapes, testing at low temperature
accordance with the schedule described in Section 4. Use only is necessary to ensure that the tape performs well at cold winter
full rolls of tape. Do not remove any outer layer. temperatures.
34.2 Mount the roll on the shaft adjacent to the sensor.
Position the roll and length sensor so that the sensor is in NOTE 4—It is possible that values obtained in dry ice chambers and
walk-in cold rooms will not be equivalent.
contact with the circumference of the roll and the leading end
of the roll is directly under the sensor. Zero the sensor and 39. Apparatus
manually pull the leading edge of the tape and fix it to the 39.1 Testing Machine—A testing machine of the constant-
wind-up roll. At the start of the unwinding, make sure that the rate-of-extension (CRE) type is preferred. Equip the machine
length sensor maintains good contact with the roll and does not with a device for recording the tensile load and the amount of
slip or bind. After unwinding is completed, take the reading of separation of the grips (Note 5) such that both of these
the length sensor. measuring systems are accurate to 62 % of the breaking load
35. Report or the amount of separation of the grips. The apparatus must be
35.1 Report the following information: capable of providing smooth, uniform jaw movement during
35.1.1 The length of tape in each roll to the nearest 0.1 m testing, and the rate adjustable in increments necessary to
(0.1 yd). produce strain rates that are specified for the materials under
test. Equip the machine with a load cell with a capacity such
36. Precision and Bias that the breaking load of the material under test falls between
36.1 These test methods have been in use for many years, 10 and 90 % of the maximum capacity of the load cell.
but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is NOTE 5—A high response speed in the recording system is desirable,
planned to develop such a statement. particularly when relatively high strain rates are employed. The speed of
36.2 These test methods have no bias because the value for pen response for recorders is supplied by manufacturers of this equipment.
length is defined in terms of these test methods. Take care to conduct tests at conditions such that response time (ability of
recorder to follow actual load) will produce less than 2 % error.
BREAKING STRENGTH AND ELONGATION
39.2 Extension Indicator—A suitable instrument for deter-
37. Terminology mining the distance between two fixed points located within
37.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: the gauge length of the test specimen at any time during the
37.1.1 breaking strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, test. It is desirable, but not essential, that this instrument
n—the force required, per unit width, to break the tape when automatically record this distance as a function of the load on
tested under prescribed conditions. the test specimen, or of the elapsed time for the start of the test,
37.1.2 elongation of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, or both. If only the latter is obtained, also take load-time data.
n—the increase in length at break when the tape is tested under The extension indicator will usually have a separation of 25
prescribed conditions. mm (1 in.) between points and be a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.)
37.1.2.1 Discussion—In the case of Class 1 tapes, the from both the top and bottom jaws.
elongation may include creep in the jaws which is often 39.3 Holding Fixtures—Use holding fixtures of any one of
partially compensated for by “necking” of the specimen. the following types, provided that the fixture does not cut the
specimen or cause slippage:
38. Significance and Use 39.3.1 Air Jaws—A device that can be fitted with various
38.1 Breaking Strength—Breaking strength of tape is im- types of grips that will clamp onto a specimen through lever
portant as a measurement of its uniformity, quality, and ability arms actuated by compressed air cylinders built into the body.
to withstand tensile stress in application and service. The design provides a high gripping force with standard air
pressure. Increased air pressure raises the gripping force to
accommodate materials that are often difficult to hold in other
types of grips.
39.3.2 Drum Jaws—Two smooth cylindrical metallic
drums, 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter with a minimum length of 38
mm (11⁄2 in.), suitably marked to aid in proper specimen
alignment.
NOTE 6—While drum jaws are permissible, they are not preferred. The
design of drum jaws makes it extremely difficult to identify accurately the
gauge length between jaws.
39.3.3 Manual Jaws—A device that can be fitted with
FIG. 1 Measuring Device for Determination of Length of Tape in a various types of grips that will clamp onto a specimen through
Roll (Length Sensor Method) a manually operated lever.
D1000 – 10
39.3.4 Grips—For manual jaws. 43.2 Read the percent elongation from the chart or digital
39.3.4.1 Line Contact grips have faces designed to con- readout or record the distance between benchmarks at the
centrate the entire gripping force along a single line perpen- instant of break or rupture, and note the jaw separation or the
dicular to the direction of testing stress. This is usually done by distance between benchmarks at the instant of break or rupture,
combining one standard flat face with an opposing face from and calculate the percent elongation as follows:
which protrudes a half-round. Elongation, % 5 [~D 2 2 D1!/D1# 3 100 (3)
39.3.4.2 Flat Faced grips have their surfaces finished in
order to give the best clamping force on the material for test. where:
The choice is determined largely by practical experience with D 1 = original distance between jaws or benchmarks, and
the materials tested. It is acceptable for the faces to be D2 = distance at instant of break or rupture between jaws
smooth-ground, rubber-coated, or serrated. In general, the or benchmarks.
smooth-ground surface offers high gripping efficiency with
most flat materials. The rubber-coated surface is of value with 44. Report
materials that tend to be weakened by pinching at the edge of 44.1 Report the following information:
the jaw face. The serrated surface is recommended for stronger 44.1.1 Temperature conditions,
materials that require the greatest gripping action. 44.1.2 Average breaking strength expressed in newtons per
It is acceptable to use double-coated tape to reinforce 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in pounds-force per inch of
gripping, by applying a thin piece of tape on each side of the width, plus the maximum and minimum, if specified, and
flat grips. 44.1.3 Average percent elongation, plus the maximum and
39.3.4.3 Cold Chamber—For cold temperatures testing, if a minimum, if specified.
cold chamber is used for conditioning, it must be equipped
with a slot suitable for inserting the tape. 45. Precision and Bias
39.3.4.4 Gloves—White cotton for handling very cold 45.1 Data obtained from a round-robin investigation on
samples. several types of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape indicate that
breaking-strength measurements within a single laboratory can
40. Conditioning
be expected to fall within 615 % of the mean value, and
40.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimens according to elongation measurements to within 625 % of the mean value.
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing. Among different laboratories they can be expected to fall
41. Test Specimens within 620 % and 630 %, respectively, of the overall mean
value.4
41.1 Select specimens in accordance with 5.2 and Section 8. 45.2 A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the
Use specimens that are the width of the tape as received if unavailability of a standard reference material for these prop-
possible. If it is necessary to trim the specimens due to the erties.
machine or jaw width limitations, take extreme care since hand
trimming has the potential to materially affect the test results. ADHESION STRENGTH TO STEEL AND BACKING
See 5.3 for recommended procedures to slit narrower widths.
Put benchmarks on the specimens, if needed. 46. Terminology
42. Procedure 46.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
46.1.1 adhesion strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive
42.1 Air Jaws or Manual Jaws—Position the crosshead at
tape, n—the force necessary to remove the tape from a
the desired gauge length and insert the specimen in the grips.
prescribed surface when measured in accordance with this test
Tighten the movable grip first. If this process applies a preload
method.
on the specimen, do not change the balance adjustment to
compensate for it. Adjust the initial length of the specimen
47. Significance and Use
between contact points to 100 mm (4 in.).
42.2 Drum Jaws—Hold the test specimen in place by 47.1 In many applications the use of a pressure-sensitive
placing approximately three quarters of a turn of the tape adhesive tape depends upon adhesion strength to give satisfac-
around each holding fixture with the adhesive side in contact tory performance. The adhesion property is also important in
with the drum. Place the tape in the center of the drums with determining the uniformity of quality.
the edges parallel to the scribed lines. Adjust the initial length
of the specimen between contact points to 100 mm (4 in.). 48. Apparatus
42.3 Use a constant jaw speed of 300 6 13 mm/min (12 6 48.1 Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension (CRE)
1⁄2 in./min), unless otherwise specified. testing machine shall be used. The testing machine shall have
42.4 Discard breaks that occur at the jaws. Make a mini- two clamps with centers in the same plane, parallel with the
mum of three acceptable determinations. direction of the motion of the stressing clamp, and so aligned
that the clamps will hold the specimen entirely in the same
43. Calculation plane. The instrument shall be calibrated to an accuracy of 1 %
43.1 Read the breaking strength directly from the recording of full scale and the scale range of any test shall be such that
chart or digital readout. the mean test level falls within 10 to 90 % of full scale. Equip
D1000 – 10
NOTE 7—For referee testing, use new cleaned steel panels.
50.2 Remove the specimen from the roll. Let it relax for
about 2 min or more. Apply it, adhesive side down, to the
polished surface of the panel. Apply the specimen so that a
125-mm (5-in.) length extends beyond one end of the panel.
50.3 For tapes less than 25 mm (1 in.) wide, cut other strips
from the same sample roll and apply parallel and adjacent to
the test specimen to provide a total width of approximately 25
mm (1 in.) for rolling purposes only. Then, pass the roller,
without application of additional pressure, over the backing of
the tape lengthwise, once in each direction at the rate of
approximately 300 mm/min (12 in./min). After the tape is on
the panel for 20 min (50.3.1), double back the free end of the
test specimen at an angle of 180° and peel 25 mm (1 in.) of the
FIG. 2 Suggested Construction of Roller for Adhesion Strength tape off the panel at the doubled end. Clamp this portion of the
Test exposed panel in the lower jaw of the testing machine and
place the free end of the tape in the upper jaw. Use a jaw travel
rate of 300 mm/min (12 in./min). After the first 25 mm (1 in.)
the machine with a device that allows a head separation of a of tape is removed from the panel, read the specimen adhesion
minimum of 250 mm (10 in.). over the next 50 mm (2 in.). Do not take any readings during
48.2 Test Panel5—A flat steel sheet having a bright annealed the removal of the last 25 mm (inch) of tape from the panel.
finish, 50 by 125 by 1.5 mm (2 by 5 by 1⁄16 in.). Use stainless 50.3.1 It is acceptable, in order to expedite testing, to
steel Type 302 or 304 as prescribed in Specification A167 with measure the adhesion immediately after application of the tape
surface roughness height of 0.0506 0.025 µm (2.0 6 1.0 µin.) to the panel, except for referee testing. This procedure results
arithmetic average deviation from the mean line. in slightly lower and more variable values.
48.3 Rubber Covered Steel Roller—A steel roller, Fig. 2, 80 50.4 Test double-sided tapes by removing the liner material
6 2.5 mm (3.25 6 0.1 in) in diameter and 45 mm 6 1 mm and covering the adhesive surface not under test with soft
(1.75 6 0.05 in.) wide, covered with rubber approximately 6 tissue paper, such as facial tissue.
mm (1⁄4 in.) in thickness having a durometer hardness of 80 6 50.5 If the glass tapes have the potential to break on 180º
5 Shore A. To apply pressure to the specimen, use a roller pullback, reinforce them with another thickness of the same
weighing 2000 6 50 g (4.56 0.1 lb). Construct the roller so tape. Report this modification.
that the weight of the handle is not added to the weight of the 50.6 Adhesion to Backing—Conduct the test of the adhesion
roller during use. of a tape to its own backing in a similar manner, except first
affix a strip of the tape under test to each test panel with both
49. Test Specimens
ends wrapped around the ends of the panel. Use clean steel
49.1 Use test specimens that are 250 mm (10 in.) long and plates. Follow the procedure described in 50.1-50.3 except
no more than 25 mm (1 in.) wide. Remove each specimen from apply the test specimen to the tape backing rather than to the
the roll in accordance with 5.2 so that neither surface in the test steel panel. Both test specimen and tape backing are to be used
area contacts the operator’s fingers nor any other foreign once.
object.
49.2 Prepare three test specimens from each roll. 51. Procedure for Low Temperatures Testing
51.1 For low temperature measurements, specimens pre-
50. Procedure pared in Section 49 will be conditioned for 2 h according to
50.1 Adhesion to Steel Panel—Prepare the polished surface Sections 9 and 10 before testing. Use white cotton gloves for
of the steel panel by scrubbing it thoroughly, using a clean handling very cold samples.
piece of surgical gauze saturated with any solvent capable of
facilitating the removal of adhesive residue (Warning—see 52. Report
3.1). Scrub the panel again using a clean piece of surgical 52.1 Report the following information:
gauze saturated with heptane or any other appropriate solvent 52.1.1 Testing temperatures,
(Warning—see 3.1). Discard the gauze after each cleaning 52.1.2 Kind of test (to steel or to backing), and
step. After all traces of solvent evaporate, wipe the surface of 52.1.3 Average of the three test values for each kind of test
the panel with a clean dry piece of surgical gauze. expressed in newtons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in
ounces-force per inch of width, plus the maximum or mini-
mum, if specified.
5
The sole source of supply of the test panels meeting these requirements known
to the committee at this time is Chemsultants International, 9079 Tylor Blvd., 53. Precision and Bias
Mentor OH 44060 or at www.chemsultants.com. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
53.1 For adhesion to steel, in a round-robin investigation
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible involving two laboratories and several types of pressure-
technical committee,1 which you may attend. sensitive adhesive tapes (plastic, cloth, and paper-backed
D1000 – 10
FIG. 3 Test Machine for Unwind Force Test (Method A)
tapes), data generated utilizing the procedures described in 55. Significance and Use
Practice E691 indicate that the coefficient of variation within a 55.1 The unwind force at the specified rate gives informa-
single laboratory, (Vr %) j, is expected to be as much as 7 % tion on the combined effects of the interlayer adhesion in the
whereas the coefficient of variation between laboratories, (VL roll and of the physical condition of the backing and adhesive
%) j, is expected to be as much as 10 %.6 mass. This unwind force is useful as a measure of the effects of
53.2 For adhesion to backing, in a round-robin investigation natural, shelf or accelerated aging, and the unwind force
involving two laboratories and several types of pressure- determined at the fast rate of removal is useful as a measure of
sensitive adhesive tapes (plastic, cloth, and paper-backed the ease of unwinding in mechanized or hand dispensers. A
tapes), data generated utilizing the procedures described in tape width of 25 mm (1 in.) is considered optimum for this test
Practice E691 indicate that the coefficient of variation within a method. The unwind force for widths other than 25 mm (1 in.)
single laboratory, (Vr %) j, is expected to be as much as 7 % is not always proportional to the width.
whereas the coefficient of variation between laboratories, (VL
%) j, is expected to be as much as 11 %.6 Method A—Fast Rate of Removal
53.3 These test methods have no bias because the values for
adhesion to steel and adhesion to backing are defined solely in 56. Apparatus
terms of these test methods. 56.1 Testing Machine7—A power-driven testing machine,
similar to that shown in Fig. 3, that can rewind a roll of tape at
UNWIND FORCE
45 m/min (150 ft/min) from a specimen roll that is mounted
54. Terminology upon a free-turning roller assembly. By suitable means, attach
this assembly to a scale or other measuring device. The driven
54.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
54.1.1 unwind force of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, n—
the force required to remove the tape from the roll when 7
The sole source of supply of the variable-speed unwind machine meeting these
measured in accordance with this test method. requirements known to the committee at this time is Chemsultants International,
9349 Hamilton Drive, Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you are aware of alternative
6
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D09-1023. technical committee,1 which you may attend.
D1000 – 10
roll of the machine operates at the test speed while it is 62. Test Specimen
acceptable to operate the wind-up mandrel through a slip 62.1 Use a roll of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as
clutch. received and a minimum length of 5 m (5 yd) as a test
56.2 Test Jig8—A free-turning roller assembly similar to specimen. Discard the first three layers of tape before making
that shown in Fig. 4. The free-turning wheel or drum of the the measurement.
assembly shall fit snugly into the core of the tape.
63. Procedure
57. Conditioning 63.1 Place the roll of tape on the free-turning roller assem-
57.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimens according to bly. Clamp the roller assembly in the lower jaw of the tension
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing, as testing machine. Unwind sufficient tape so that the free end of
needed. the tape can attach to the upper jaw of the machine. Operate the
machine at 300 mm/min (12 in./min) and take readings as
58. Test Specimen described in 50.3. After 25 mm (1 in.) has been run off, record
58.1 Use a roll of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as the average load required for unrolling the tape. Run off
received and a minimum length of 18 m (20 yd) as the test approximately 300 mm (1 ft) of tape for each determination.
specimen. Discard the first three layers of tape before making Conduct three tests on each roll.
the measurement. 63.1.1 Observe the tape for adhesive transfer to backing and
breaking during unrolling, especially at low temperatures.
59. Procedure
64. Report
59.1 Place the roll of tape on the free-turning roller assem-
bly. Thread the tape over the pull roll and attach it to a core on 64.1 Report the following information:
the wind-up mandrel. Check the zero reading on the scale. 64.1.1 Testing temperatures,
Operate the machine from the scale. Run off approximately 10 64.1.2 Rate of removal (fast or slow),
m (10 yd) for each test. Conduct one test on each roll. 64.1.3 Average unwind force in newtons per 10 mm of
width (N/10 mm) or in ounces-force per inch of width, plus the
Method B—Slow Rate of Removal maximum and minimum, if specified, and
64.1.4 Any adhesive transfer to the backing, delamination
60. Apparatus on composites, or breaking of the tape during unrolling,
60.1 Use the testing machine and fixtures described in 56.1 especially at low temperatures.
and 56.2.
61. Conditioning 65.1 These test methods have been in use for many years,
61.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimen according to but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing, as planned to develop such a statement.
needed. 65.2 These test methods have no bias because the value for
unwind force is defined in terms of these test methods.
FLAGGING
8
The sole source of supply of the test jig for 3-in. (75 mm) cores meeting these 66. Terminology
requirements known to the committee at this time is Chemsultants International,
9349 Hamilton Drive, Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you are aware of alternative 66.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. 66.1.1 flagging, n—the lifting of an end of pressure-
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible sensitive adhesive tape that has been applied to a curved
technical committee,1 which you may attend.
surface, thus forming a flag or tab tangent to the surface.

67.1 Knowledge of the flagging characteristics of tape is
useful in determining whether such properties as thickness,
stiffness, and adhesion have been properly balanced for appli-
cations where flagging has the potential to occur.
Method A—For Class 1 Tape
68. Apparatus
68.1 Winding Fixture—A device designed to hold a metal
rod at each end and fitted with a crank or other device to rotate
the rod so that it is possible to wind the specimen thereon.
Attach the fixture to a rigid support with the rod held in a
FIG. 4 Test Jig for Unwind Force Test horizontal position.
D1000 – 10
68.2 Rods—Any suitable metal of 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) or 6 mm NOTE 8—As the tape is being wound up rely only on the weight to get
( ⁄ in.) in diameter and 125 mm (5 in.) long. Rods of other
14 smooth overlap. Avoid juggling or touching the tape to direct it during the
diameters are acceptable if agreed upon between the manufac- wind up.
turer and the purchaser. 70.4 Flagging (as received)—Insert the specimen assembly
68.3 Weight—A mass of 500 6 1 g provided with a hook or in holes in the base of the board with the flag at the upper end
other means of attaching to the specimen. and allow them to condition at 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 °F) and
68.4 Rule, graduated in millimetres. 50 6 2 % relative humidity for 24 h unless a period of 7 days
68.5 Board or Block, a device made of wood or aluminum is specified.
to hold the wrapped rods in a near-vertical position. 70.5 Flagging (after thermosetting)— Cure the specimen
assembly as described in 80.1. Remove the assembly from the
69. Test Specimens oven and cool to room temperature.
69.1 Select test rolls specimens and condition them in 70.6 Flagging (after immersion)—Prepare specimen assem-
accordance with Sections 5 and 8, except unwind the tape at bly as described in 70.4 or 70.5. With assembly at room
approximately 300 mm/s (12 in./s) in order to select three strips temperature, totally immerse the specimens vertically in a
of tape about 125 mm (5 in.) long at intervals of 300 mm (12 specified varnish solvent or cleaning solvent such as toluene
in.) along the length. Protect the adhesive surface from dust. (Warning—see 3.1 and 3.2) for 15 min. Allow assembly to dry
Do not allow the adhesive surface to contact the fingers or any before measuring the unwound length.
other foreign objects. If the strip of tape is wider than 14 mm 70.7 Measure the length of the unwound tape (flag) from the
(9⁄16 in.), use a sharp razor to trim the tape to a width of 13 mm end of the tape to the point of tangent of the rod (see Fig. 5(d)).
(1⁄2 in.). See 5.3 for recommended procedures. Use tape 14 mm If an uneven flag occurs, record the greatest length. Calculate
(9⁄16 in.) in width or narrower without trimming. the average length of flag in millimetres to the nearest
70. Procedure millimetre.
70.1 Mount a rod of the required size horizontally in the 71. Report
winding fixture. For tapes of 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or less of 71.1 Report the following information:
backing thickness, use a 3-mm (1⁄8-in.) diameter rod. For tapes 71.1.1 Rod diameter used,
having a backing thickness greater than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), 71.1.2 Conditioning procedure used, including solvent type,
use a 6-mm (1⁄4-in.) diameter rod. if used, and
70.2 Attach a 500-g weight to one end of a 125-mm (5-in.) 71.1.3 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the
strip of tape. Holding the opposite end of the strip, drape the reference specification.
strip over the rod with the adhesive side contacting and
adhering to the rod (see Fig. 5(a)). Rotate the rod so that the Method B—For Class 2 Tape
contact point is at the top of the rod (see Fig. 5(b)) and use a
sharp razor blade to trim the leading edge of the strip of tape 72. Apparatus
flush with the rod. 72.1 Brass Rod, clean, smooth, 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) in diameter by
70.3 Wind the tape on itself one and one-quarter turns (see 125 mm (5 in.) in length.
Fig. 5(c)). Remove the weight and cut the tape at point D by 72.2 Winding Fixture—A device designed to support the
tearing against the blade edge, taking care not to cut the lower brass rods at each end and a crank or other device to wind the
layer of tape. tape specimens on the rod. Attach the fixture to a rigid support
to allow rotation while tilting the rod to an angle of approxi-
mately 35° with the horizontal (see Fig. 6).
72.3 Weights, such that 50 6 1 g for each 0.025 mm (0.001
in.) of nominal overall thickness of tape can be attached to the
lower end of the tape to provide winding tension.
72.4 Board, a device to hold the wrapped rods in a near-
vertical position.
73. Test Specimens

73.1 Cut six strips of tape 6 mm (1⁄4 in) wide and 200 mm
(8 in.) long from the sample roll. Take care to ensure that the
adhesive does not contact the hands or other foreign object. See
5.2 for recommended procedures.
74. Procedure
74.1 Secure a strip of tape to a rod held in the winding
fixture and tilted approximately 35° to the horizontal position.
Attach the weight specified in 72.3 to the lower end of the tape.
FIG. 5 Flagging Test—Preparation of Test Specimen (Method A) After 1 min under tension, slowly rotate the rod and tilt the
for Class 1 Tape fixture so that the strip of tape wraps for the length of the rod
D1000 – 10
76.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias
of these test methods since the result merely states whether
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
procedure.
THERMOSETTING PROPERTIES
77. Scope
77.1 Thermosetting pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are
produced with adhesives that cure after exposure to heat. The
curing reaction involved is not reversible, and tapes once
heat-cured remain cured. Thermosetting properties are mea-
sured by a bond separation test and are reported as the time to
failure of a heat-cured adhesive-to-adhesive bond under a
prescribed load at a specified temperature.

78.1 This test method offers a means of differentiating
between thermosetting and non-thermosetting tapes since ap-
plication of stress on the bond after cure will result in bond
NOTE 1—The SI equivalents for the dimensions shown are: failures within a few minutes for non-thermosetting adhesives,
⁄ in. = 8 mm
5 16
while bonds of true thermosetting adhesive tapes will hold an
1 in. = 25 mm hour or more before failure.
12 in. = 305 mm 78.2 The length of time to failure of an adhesive-to-
15 in. = 380 mm
11⁄2 3 11⁄2 3 1⁄8 in. = 38 3 38 3 3.2 mm
adhesive bond is also a measure of the holding strength of the
cured tape at an elevated temperature.
FIG. 6 Test Fixture—Flagging Test (Method B) for Class 2 Tape
78.3 This test method is suitable for specification accep-
tance and service evaluation.
with successive turns closely butted without overlapping. If
necessary, adjust the angle of the rod by successive trials until 79. Test Specimens
the proper angle for the particular tape is obtained. After
wrapping is complete, secure the lower end of the tape and cut 79.1 Remove 150-mm (6-in.) long samples from the roll
off any remaining length. (whose width is more than 13 mm (1⁄2 in.)) in accordance with
74.2 Secure a second strip of tape to the upper end of the rod Section 4 so that the adhesive surface in the test area contacts
and apply it under tension over the first layer in the same neither the operator’s fingers nor any other foreign object.
direction as described in 74.1, with the width of the second Construct each specimen from two strips of tape fastened
layer centered over the butt lap in the first layer. As the winding together to form a 13-mm (1⁄2-in.) long adhesive-to-adhesive
progresses to the lower end of the rod, insert a short length of lap joint. Take a rubber-covered steel roller as described in 48.3
lens tissue 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) wide under the tape across its width and, without applying additional pressure, pass the roller at a
and parallel to the axis of the rod to serve as a starting point for speed of 300 mm/min (12 in./min) over the joint once in each
the tape to unwind (flag). Remove the winding tension and cut lengthwise direction. After this application of pressure, cut the
the tape adjacent to the tissue strip that then serves as a tape to a width of 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) with a sharp razor blade. See
benchmark for measurement of the unwind length. 5.3 for recommended procedures.
74.3 Insert the wrapped specimens in the holes in the base Note that the use of different width tape specimens with the
of the board with the flag at the upper end, and allow them to same unit loading has the potential to lead to significant
condition at 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 °F) and 50 6 2 % relative differences in test results.
humidity for 7 days. At the end of this period, measure the
80. Procedure
length of the flag from the point of tangency to the nearer edge
of the tissue, taking care not to cause additional unwrapping in 80.1 Set an oven at a temperature and for the time recom-
the measuring operation. Calculate the average length of flag in mended by the manufacturer. If not specified, use Table 2
millimetres. according to the type of adhesive to be tested:
75. Report
TABLE 2 Adhesive Type vs. Test Conditions
75.1 Report the following information:
Adhesive Type Temperature, °C Time, h
75.1.1 The average of three values of lengths of flags, in
mm, using the greatest distance if the flag is uneven, and Natural or synthetic rubber 130 2
Acrylic polymer 130 2
75.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the Silicone polymer 200 3
reference specification.
D1000 – 10
80.2 Place three assemblies of adhesive-to-adhesive speci- 86. Test Specimens
mens on the shelf of an oven maintained at the thermosetting 86.1 Use test specimens that are single thicknesses of tape,
temperature for the time specified in the preceding table with each approximately 125 mm (5 in.) long.
no stress on the bond. Remove the assemblies from the oven,
and allow them to cool for 5 min. Hang the specimens 87. Conditioning
vertically in the oven at the test temperature with a 500-g 87.1 Test tapes of Class 1 and Class 2 with no further
weight fastened to one end of each specimen. Continue the test conditioning than prescribed in Section 8.
for a prescribed time, or until failure occurs by bond separa- 87.2 In addition, test all Class 2 tapes after conditioning
tion. Calculate the average time of bond separation. Compare under the following conditions:
with the prescribed time of failure. 87.2.1 After 24 h immersion in distilled water at 236 1°C
(73.4 6 1.8 °F), and
81. Report 87.2.2 After 96 h at 23 6 1°C and 96 % relative humidity.
81.1 Report the following information: Practicable methods of maintaining 96 % relative humidity in
81.1.1 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the small enclosures are described in Practice D5032.
reference specification. 87.2.3 Remove water-immersed test specimens from the
water one at a time and dry by placing between layers of cotton
82. Precision and Bias toweling and pressing down gently over the entire surface.
82.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias Immediately test the specimen to prevent misleading results
of these test methods since the result merely states whether due to drying of the sample.
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the 87.2.4 Remove humidity-conditioned test specimens from
procedure. the humidity chamber one at a time and test immediately.
88. Procedure
DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
Warning—see 3.3 before commencement of any test.
88.1 Determine the dielectric breakdown voltage in accor-
83. Terminology
dance with Test Method D149 using the short-time test.
83.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Increase the voltage from zero to breakdown at a uniform rate
83.1.1 dielectric breakdown voltage of pressure-sensitive of 0.5 kV/s. Make all measurements in air.
adhesive tape, n—the potential difference at which dielectric 88.2 Take three specimens from each roll for each condition
failure occurs under prescribed conditions, in a single layer of and make one breakdown measurement on each specimen.
pressure-sensitive adhesive tape located between two elec-
trodes. 89. Report
84. Significance and Use 89.1.1 Conditioning method, and
84.1 The measure of dielectric breakdown voltage of a tape 89.1.2 Average breakdown voltage, in kV, plus the maxi-
is an indication of its ability to withstand electric stress. This mum and minimum, if required.
value does not correspond to the dielectric strength expected in
service, but is a numerical value potentially useful for purchase 90. Precision and Bias
by specification as an indication of quality and for comparison 90.1 Since this test method involves the testing of a wide
of different tapes or different lots of the same tape, and to a variety of materials, it is the consensus that a precision
limited degree for design work when coupled with experience. statement in this standard is not practical.
The comparison of dielectric breakdown voltage of different 90.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
tapes after exposure to widely differing moisture conditions dielectric breakdown voltage is defined in terms of this test
gives an indication of the quality of the compound used in the method.
tape backing as a moisture resistant dielectric material.
INSULATION RESISTANCE AT HIGH HUMIDITY
(INDIRECT ELECTROLYTIC CORROSION)
85. Electrodes
85.1 Use a testing device whereby the test specimen is held 91. Significance and Use
under pressure between methyl silicone rubber washers (see 91.1 Electrolytic corrosion can produce open circuit failures
Note 9) while voltage is applied to prevent flashover around the in electrical conductors and devices. The initiation and pro-
edges of the specimen tested. Two forms of this tester are fully gression of electrolytic corrosion are influenced by tempera-
described in the Appendix to Test Methods D295. The elec- ture, humidity, time exposure, voltage level, whether the
trodes which are a part of the test fixture are 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) in applied voltage or current is direct or alternating, and the
diameter and conform to the description of Type 3 electrodes characteristics of the metals involved. By measuring the
specified for narrow materials (tape) in Test Method D149. insulation resistance of tape samples in contact with specified
NOTE 9—To prevent flashover, other types of track resistant rubber can metal electrodes at high humidity, the presence and influence
also be used, as described in Test Methods D295. Use of fluorinet or other of electrolytic corrosion is detected (as a decrease in the
electronic liquid will help prevent flashover also. insulation resistance or as an increase in the leakage current).
D1000 – 10
92. Apparatus 93. Test Specimens
92.1 Electrodes—Use 6-mm ( ⁄ -in.) square stainless steel,
14 93.1 In accordance with 5.2, take test specimens that are
brass or copper bars having the side in contact with the tape approximately 150-mm (6-in.) long from each sample roll.
polished smooth and flat and the corners slightly rounded. 93.2 Condition the specimens in accordance with Section 8.
Mount the electrodes in such a way that the tape under test is
clamped between electrode pairs spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from 94. Procedure
edge to edge. Use a guard so that only the current flowing in 94.1 Preparation of Electrodes—Clean the electrodes by
the tape is measured.9 Design the guard circuit in conformance dipping in acetone (Warning—see 3.1) and then wiping with
with the requirements of Test Methods D257. One arrange- a clean, soft cloth saturated with heptane (Warning—see 3.1)
ment, suitable for testing a number of tapes at the same time, in a well-ventilated area. Polish the electrodes of brass or
has several rows of electrodes mounted on the inside of the copper with No. 0 emery polishing paper, rinse in acetone, and
cover of the humidity chamber as shown in Fig. 7. A then wipe with a heptane-saturated soft cloth. (Warning—see
satisfactory method of attaching guarded electrodes to the 3.3 before commencement of any test.)
cover and bringing out a terminal for each electrode is shown 94.2 Calibration of High Resistance Meter—Clamp a resis-
in Fig. 8. tor (of a value within one decade of the anticipated specimen
92.2 Measuring Equipment—A source of stable direct- resistance) across the electrodes and measure the resistance
voltage potential within the range from 100 to 130 V and a with 100 to 130 V dc applied.
means of measuring currents ranging from 0.001 to 1000 µA. 94.3 Specimen Clamping—Without stretching the test
Stable direct-voltage power supplies are satisfactory voltage specimen, place it between the bar electrodes evenly. Firmly
sources. Recommended meter is any quality, high resistance, clamp the tape between the electrodes taking great care to
solid state measuring instrument, with a suitable resistance avoid contact between the hands and any tape surfaces between
range, as described in Test Methods D257, that will impress the electrodes.
required potential on the sample and cover the required 94.4 Conditioning—Condition the tape mounted in the elec-
conductance range. trodes inside the test chamber for 18 6 0.1 h at a relative
humidity of 96 6 2 % at 23 6 1°C (73.46 1.8 °F) (Note 10).
Satisfactory means of obtaining this relative humidity are
described in Practice D5032.
9
NOTE 10—The test chamber must be capable of maintaining 96 6 2 %
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
at 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8 °F). If possible, stabilize the humidity within
are holding clips made from heat-treated Brylco 25. If you are aware of alternative
61 %. It is advisable to cover the test chamber with thermal insulation in
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible order to minimize internal temperature fluctuations caused by temperature
technical committee,1 which you may attend.
FIG. 7 Electrode Arrangement for Insulation Resistance (Indirect Electrolytic Corrosion) Tests
D1000 – 10
Metric Equivalents
D E F G H I J
mm 45 8 29 6 3 6 3 45 6 25 38
in. 1 3⁄4 ⁄
5 16 1 1⁄8 ⁄ 3 1⁄ 4 3 1 3⁄ 4
14 ⁄
14 1 1 1⁄ 2
FIG. 8 Method of Attaching Electrodes to Cover for Insulation Resistance (Indirect Electrolytic Corrosion) Tests
changes or drafts, or both, in the surrounding air. while the tape is under tension. The change in dielectric
94.5 Measuring—At the end of the conditioning period, and breakdown voltage is used as a measure of this resistance.
while the tape is still in the humidity chamber, measure the
resistance of the tape between each of five pairs of electrodes. 98. Significance and Use
Take readings 15 s after impressing 100 to 130 V dc between 98.1 The wrapped-mandrel, heat aging test indicates the
the electrodes. Calculate and record all values, and the median relative resistance of a tape to elevated temperatures under
resistance of the five specimens. physical conditions similar to those encountered in service.
95. Report 99. Apparatus
95.1 Report the following information: 99.1 Brass Rod, clean, smooth, 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) in diameter
95.1.1 All the values and the median, V, and by 250 mm (10 in.) in length.
95.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the 99.2 Weight, 2.3-kg (5-lb), for applying tension during
reference specification. winding.
99.3 Oven, having forced ventilation and capable of main-
taining a temperature of 250 6 3 °C (482 6 5.2 °F).
96.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias
of this test method since the result merely states whether there 100. Test Specimens
is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the 100.1 Use tape 13 to 25 mm (1⁄2 to 1 in.) wide. Prepare two
procedure. test specimens by spirally winding a layer of tape on the brass
EFFECT OF ACCELERATED AGING ON rods using 2.3-kg (5-lb) tension per 25 mm (1 in.) of tape
DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE FOR HIGH- width. Wrap the tape so as to leave a gap between turns of 1 to
TEMPERATURE TAPE (THERMAL CLASS 180 AND 1.5 mm (1⁄32 to 1⁄16 in.). Spirally wrap a second layer in the
ABOVE) same direction over the first layer, with the center of the second
layer positioned over the gaps of the first layer.
97. Scope
97.1 This test method determines the relative resistance of 101. Procedure
high-temperature tapes to short-time accelerated heat aging Warning—see 3.3 before starting any test.
D1000 – 10
101.1 Condition one specimen for 168 h as described in 8.5. 105.3 Weights, as required to provide 150 g for each 0.025
Wrap three strips of metal foil not more than 0.0125 mm mm (0.001 in.) nominal overall thickness of tape, and means
(0.0005 in.) in thickness and 25 mm (1 in.) wide, tightly on for attaching them to the end of the tape to provide winding
each specimen equally spaced from each other and from the tension.
ends of the rod. Using the rod as one electrode and the foil as 105.4 Bunsen Burner—The gas flow cylinder shall be 10
the other, determine the dielectric breakdown voltage at each mm (3⁄8 in.) in inside diameter.
foil strip, in accordance with 88.1. 105.5 Timer, capable of measuring to the nearest second.
101.2 Age the other specimen for 16 h at 250 6 3 °C (482 105.6 Stands and Clamps, arranged to support the test
6 2 °F) in the oven, remove, and allow to cool for 4 h at the specimens horizontally.
conditions described in 8.5. Determine the dielectric break-
105.7 Level.
down voltage as prescribed in 101.1.
105.8 Enclosure, to provide a draft-free space.
102. Report 105.9 Gas Supply—Public utility gas or propane is suitable
for use. For referee tests use commercial grade propane having
a nominal heating value of 94 MJ/m3 (2521 Btu/ft3) and a
102.1.1 Average breakdown voltage under each condition specific gravity of 0.508 at 15.6 °C (60.1 °F) at a line pressure
plus the maximum and minimum, and of 275-mm (11-in.) water column.
102.1.2 Percent gain or loss in breakdown voltage as a result
of heat aging. 106. Test Specimens
103. Precision and Bias 106.1 Cut two strips of tape for each specimen, 19 mm (3⁄4
in.) wide by approximately 375 mm (15 in.) long.
103.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
bias of these test methods since the result merely states whether 106.2 Prepare three specimens as described under Section
there is conformance to the required criteria specified in the 107.
procedure.
107. Procedure
FLAMMABILITY 107.1 Place one of the rods in the fixture while held in a
horizontal position. Secure one end of the specimen strip of
104. Significance and Use tape near one end of the rod. Attach a weight as required by the
104.1 The burning characteristics exhibited by a pressure- nominal thickness to the lower end of the tape. After 1 min
sensitive adhesive tape wound on a brass rod and ignited in a under tension, slowly tilt the fixture to the proper angle and
horizontal position are a measure of flammability. This test then rotate the rod so that the tape is wrapped on the rod with
method differentiates among tapes having widely different a one-half lap for a length of 250 6 10 mm (10 6 3⁄8 in.).
burning characteristics but is less precise in differentiating Remove the weight.
among tapes within a narrow range of burning characteristics. 107.2 Reverse the rod in the fixture and repeat the procedure
The usefulness of this test method is primarily for specification in 107.1 so that a second strip of tape is wound over the first
purposes as the actual amount of tape used in any specific strip in the opposite direction. This completes the preparation
application and its configuration are likely to alter the burning of the test specimen.
characteristics. 107.3 Support the specimen in a horizontal position in the
104.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the draft-free enclosure using the stand and clamps. Check with the
response of materials, products, or assembies to heat and flame level to ensure that the wrapped specimen is horizontal.
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate 107.4 Ignite the Bunsen burner and adjust the flame to
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the produce a 125-mm (5-in.) outer cone and a 38-mm (1.5-in.)
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. inner cone.
104.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe- 107.5 Apply the burner flame vertically to the specimen so
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in that the tip of the blue inner cone touches the center of the
conducting these tests. specimen. Start the stop watch at the instant the flame is
applied to the specimen. Allow the flame to remain in contact
105. Apparatus and Materials with the specimen for 30 s.
105.1 Brass Rod—A minimum of three straight clean rods, 107.6 After 30 s, immediately turn off the gas supply. To
3 mm (1⁄8 in.) in diameter and 300 mm (12 in.) long, free of any obtain consistency, turn off the gas rapidly, such as by using a
burned material. spring pinch clamp on the supply hose. If the burner is
105.2 Winding Fixture—A device designed to support a physically removed, the air flow around the flame has the
brass rod by the ends with a crank or other device to rotate the potential to cause a blowout of the burning specimen.
rod from either end to wind the tape specimens on the rod. 107.7 When the specimen ceases to burn, stop the stop
Attach the fixture to a rigid support to allow tilting to the watch. Determine the flammability as the total time of burning
proper angle needed to achieve the correct lap in winding the noted less 30 s. Record the burning time for each test and
tape. calculate the average burning time.
D1000 – 10
108. Report 114.1.2 Type of solvent used,
108.1 Report the following information: 114.1.3 Average of measurements, the minimum and maxi-
108.1.1 All the values and the median, and mum shear load in N/10 mm (lbf/in.) if required, and
108.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirement of the 114.1.4 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the
reference specification. reference specification regarding bond strength to adhesive or
backing.
109.1 No statement is made about either the precision or 115. Precision and Bias
bias of this test method since the result merely states whether 115.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the bias of these test methods since the result merely states whether
procedure. there is conformance to the required criteria specified in the
procedure.
BOND STRENGTH AFTER SOLVENT IMMERSION
OIL RESISTANCE
110. Terminology
110.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 116. Terminology
110.1.1 bond strength after solvent immersion of a pressure- 116.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sensitive adhesive tape, n—the force required to separate by 116.1.1 oil resistance (pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes),
shear a cured bond after immersion in a typical varnish solvent n— the property of the adhesive to withstand the attack of the
under designated conditions of test. oil without impairment of the adhesion strength of the tape.
110.1.1.1 Discussion—It is measured as a tensile load in 116.1.1.1 Discussion—This property is measured by deter-
newtons per 10 mm of width or in pounds per inch of width at mining the adhesion strength after the tape is immersed in a
bond failure. specific oil for a given time at an elevated temperature.
111.1 Bond strength is a measure of the resistance of a cured
117.1 Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are acceptable for
tape adhesive to action of a specific solvent. In use, variations
use in locations where they contact oil or oil vapors that can
in tape width will produce varying results due to change in
affect the performance of the tape. An adhesion strength test
relative edge area for solvent action. The test is suitable for
after oil immersion is a method for determining this effect.
product development, specification acceptance and service
evaluation. It is limited in that adhesion to itself or backing 118. Test Fluids
only are considered, while in use tapes are generally adhered to
118.1 Select a test fluid appropriate to the intended appli-
various surfaces. Also, the solvent action is at room tempera-
cation of the tape. Acceptable test fluids are one or more of the
ture, while often hot solvent action occurs in application.
following:
Differences in test results of less than 90 g/mm (5 lb/in.) of
118.1.1 Mineral insulating oil meeting the requirements of
width have no significance.
Specification D3487, Type I or Type II.
112. Test Specimens 118.1.2 Fire-resistant phosphate ester-based hydraulic liq-
112. Prepare specimens in accordance with 79.1. uid.
118.1.3 Other fluids more directly applicable to the intended
113. Procedure application for the tape, as specified in the tape specification.
113.1 Bond Strength to Adhesive—Cure three adhesive-to-
119. Test Specimens
adhesive specimens in an air-circulating oven maintained at
130 6 2 °C (266 6 3.6 °F) for 2 h or in accordance with the 119.1 Remove four specimens 250 mm (10 in.) long and 6
manufacturer’s recommendations. After curing, remove speci- mm (1⁄4 in.) wide from the roll in accordance with Section 5 so
mens from the oven and allow to cool to room temperature. that the adhesive surface contacts neither the operator’s fingers
Immerse the specimens for 16 h at room temperature in a nor any foreign object. For tape wider than 6 mm (1⁄4 in.), see
specified solvent. Place the specimens on clean blotting paper 5.2 for recommended procedures to slit tape to that width.
or towel for 30 min, then determine the breaking force to break
the bond in accordance with Section 42, using clamp-type 120. Procedure
holding fixtures. 120.1 Adhesion to Steel Panel—Clean the steel panel in
113.2 Bond Strength to Backing—Conduct the bond accordance with 50.1 and immediately after removing the tape
strength to backing determination in a similar manner to 113.1, from the roll, apply the adhesive side down to the polished
except use specimens with the adhesive-to-backing. Calculate surface of the steel. Apply the specimen so that a 125-mm
the average bond strength in newtons per 10 mm of width, or (5-in.) length extends beyond the end of the panel. Apply four
pounds-force per inch of width. 6 mm (1⁄4-in.) wide tape specimens to the panel so that there is
a 3 to 6-mm (1⁄8 to 1⁄4-in.) space between them. Pass the
114. Report adhesion roller prescribed in 48.3 over the specimens in
114.1 Report the following information: accordance with 50.3. When thermosetting tapes are used, cure
114.1.1 Curing conditions, the assembly as described in 80.1, and maintain at room
D1000 – 10
conditions for a minimum of 24 h before testing. Immerse the
panel completely in the test fluid for 72 h at 50 6 2 °C in a
vertical position with the free ends of the specimens adhered to
the back of the panel. After removal from the fluid, place the
assemblies, specimen side down, on a clean blotting paper or
towel for 30 min. Measure the adhesion of each specimen in
accordance with 50.3.
120.2 Adhesion to Backing—For effect of oil on adhesion to
backing, apply 6-mm (1⁄4-in.) or wider strips to the panel in
accordance with 50.3, except wrap both ends around the panel
as prescribed in 50.6. Apply 6-mm (1⁄4-in.) wide specimens to
these strips as prescribed in 50.2, immerse in oil, remove, and
measure adhesion to backing as prescribed in 50.6.
121. Report
121.1.1 Identification of the fluid used,
121.1.2 Kind of test (adhesion to steel or to backing), and
121.1.3 Average of the four specimen adhesions in newtons
per 10 mm of width, or ounces-force per inch of width, plus the
maximum and minimum, if specified.

122.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
122.2 This test method has no bias because the value for oil
resistance is defined in terms of this test method.
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE NOTE 1—The SI equivalents for the units shown are:
In radius, ⁄ in. = 1.6 mm.
1 16
123. Significance and Use In diameter, 0.1250 in. = 3.175 mm,

0.1251 in. = 3.178 mm,
123.1 Puncture resistance is a test to measure the resistance 0.1270 in. = 3.226 mm, and
of a tape to puncture by a rounded probe. Puncture resistance 0.1280 in. = 3.251 mm.
is important because of the possibility that objects with FIG. 9 Puncture Resistance Test Unit
irregular surfaces or relatively sharp contours (such as wire or
laminate) will be present in the application and have the
potential to cause a rupture in the tape. 126.4 Determine the puncture resistance for all five speci-
mens and calculate the puncture force by averaging the five
124. Apparatus values.
124.1 Testing Equipment, in accordance with Section 48.
124.2 Test Fixture, as shown in Fig. 9. 127. Report
127.1 Report the average puncture force in newtons or
125. Test Specimens pounds and the minimum and maximum, if specified.
125.1 Select test specimens and condition them in accor-
dance with Sections 5 and 8. 128. Precision and Bias
125.2 Prepare five test specimens that are 25 mm (1 in.) by 128.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
75 mm (3 in.). no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
126. Procedure 128.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
126.1 Install the test fixture in the testing machine. Zero the puncture resistance is defined in terms of this test method.
testing machine to compensate for the weight and frictional
drag of the test fixture. RESISTANCE TO ACCELERATED AGING
126.2 Place each specimen adhesive side down over the (HEAT AND MOISTURE)
hole in the lower fixture and securely clamp with the clamping
device provided. Adhesion to Steel and Backing
126.3 Run the testing machine with a crosshead speed of 50
mm/min (2 in./min). The maximum force recorded is defined 129. Terminology
as the puncture force. 129.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1000 – 10
129.1.1 resistance to accelerated aging, n—the characteris- 137. Procedure
tics of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes to withstand the effects 137.1 Test three specimens in accordance with the proce-
of combined elevated temperature and high humidity for a dure of 50.6 to determine the original or as-received value.
prescribed test period as measured by changes in the adhesion 137.2 Place three specimens in the humidity chamber de-
to backing. scribed in 131.2 for 168 h (7 days). Remove the specimens
from the chamber and condition them as described in 8.5.
Determine adhesion to backing in accordance with 50.6.
130.1 Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are subject to a
wide range of environmental and physical conditions in ser- 138. Report
vice. This test is a measure of the stability of the tape upon
138.1 Report the following information for adhesion to
exposure to one type of severe environmental condition.
backing:
131. Apparatus 138.1.1 Average of the three test values expressed in new-
tons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces-force per
131.1 Testing Equipment, in accordance with Section 48.
inch of the nominal width as received,
131.2 Humidity Chamber, maintained at 90 6 2 % relative
138.1.2 Average of the three test values expressed in new-
humidity and 65 6 1°C (149 6 1.8 °F) in accordance with
tons per 10 mm (N/10 mm) of width or in ounces-force per
Practice D5032.
inch or of the nominal width determined after the accelerated
Adhesion to Steel Panel aging condition, and
138.1.3 Percentage gain or loss from the original or as-
132. Test Specimens received values.
132.1 Use test specimens in accordance with Section 49.1.
132.2 Prepare six specimens from each roll in accordance 139. Precision and Bias
with 50.6. 139.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
133. Procedure no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
133.1 Test three specimens in accordance with the proce- 139.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
dure of 50.6 to determine the original or as-received value. resistance to accelerated aging is defined in terms of this test
133.2 Place three specimens in the humidity chamber de- method.
scribed in 131.2 for 168 h. Remove the specimens from the
chamber and condition them as described in 8.5. Determine CURLING AND TWISTING
adhesion to backing in accordance with 50.6.
134. Report 140. Terminology

134.1 Report the following information: 140.1 Definitions—General terms in this test method are
134.1.1 Average of the three test values expressed in new- defined in Terminology D1711.
tons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces force per
width of the nominal width as received, 141. Significance and Use
134.1.2 Average of the three test values expressed in new- 141.1 This test method will provide information on the
tons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces force per relative tendency of materials to curl, twist, or form into a tube
width of the nominal width determined after the accelerated with edges touching edges. The amount of each is a predicator
aging condition, and of the difficulty one might experience in handling strips of any
134.1.3 Percentage gain or loss from the original or as- length of unwound tape during their application.
received values.
142. Apparatus
135. Precision and Bias 142.1 Free-Turning Spindle, (Fig. 4) sized to fit snugly
135.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but inside the sample tape core, with its axis firmly supported
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is horizontally and adjustable in height directly above a horizon-
planned to develop such a statement. tal platform. There shall be no obstructions in the path between
135.2 This test method has no bias because the value for the platform and the spindle. It is acceptable to use as the
resistance to accelerated aging is defined in terms of this test horizontal platform a bench or the floor.
method.
Adhesion to Backing 143. Test Specimens
143.1 The test specimen shall be the strip of tape unwound
136. Test Specimens from the originally wound sample roll during performance in
136.1 Use test specimens prepared in accordance with accordance with procedure section.
Section 41. 143.1.1 No restrictions in the width of the sample (or the
136.2 Prepare six specimens from each roll in accordance specimen) are made except a practical limitation due to the
with 50.6. high unwind force that might result from wide tape rolls.
D1000 – 10
NOTE 11—This test method calls for a specific unwind rate which could When rotation is: Then:
be difficult to meet with high levels of unwind force. 0 to 90° A= B
91 to 180° 180° – A = B
143.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than 181 to 270° 180° + A = B
six, outer wraps of tape from the sample roll before unwinding 271 to 360° 360° – A = B
361 to 450° 360° + A = B
specimens for the test. 451 to 540° 540° – A = B
541 to 630° 540° + A = B
144. Procedure 631 to 720° 720° – A = B
721 to 810° 720° + A = B
144.1 Place the sample roll on the spindle and adjust its 144.4.2.2 If the angles outer edges touch to form a roll or
height so that the lowest point of the roll is 900 6 25 mm (366 tube, report that fact, and end the test.
1 in.) above the horizontal platform.
144.2 Unwind 50 mm (2 in.) of tape from the roll and fold 145. Report
it over adhesive to adhesive to form a 25-mm (1-in.) tab. 145.1 Report the following information:
144.3 Firmly grasp the tab and pull the tape vertically 145.1.1 Statement that this test method was used, and
downward at a uniform rate of 125 to 175 mm/s (5 to 7 in./s) indication of any deviations from this test method as written,
until the end of the tab touches the horizontal platform. 145.1.2 Manufacturer’s name and designation for the tape,
Immediately release the tab. 145.1.3 The curling found in 144.4.1, mm (in.) to the
144.4 Approximately 30 s after release of the tab, make the nearest 1 mm (1⁄32 in.), and
following determinations: 145.1.4 The twisting found in 144.4.2 to the nearest 5° arc.
144.4.1 Measure the curl of tape; this is the distance 146. Precision and Bias
between the platform and the lowest portion of the tape.
146.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
Measure to the nearest 1 mm (1⁄32 in.).
bias of this test method since the results merely state whether
144.4.1.1 If the tape curls back onto itself, report that fact,
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified by the
and end the test.
user of this test method.
144.4.2 Measure the Twist of Tape. Project an imaginary
line representing the end of the tab onto the horizontal 147. Keywords
platform. This is done by sighting past the tab end from above 147.1 accelerated aging; adhesion; adhesive; backing; bond
it and lining up a pencil and a line at right angles to the edge strength; breaking strength; conditioning; dielectric break-
of the roll to the nearest 5° of arc. This is angle A. Untwist the down; electrical insulating tape; elongation; flagging; flamma-
tape determining the quadrant of rotation needed to straighten bility; high temperature testing; insulation resistance; length;
it. low temperature testing; oil resistance; pressure-sensitive ad-
144.4.2.1 To find angle B, the actual twist, use the follow- hesive tape; puncture resistance; thermosetting; thickness;
ing: unwind force; voltage; width
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,
D1000–09, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved January 1, 2010)
(1) Revised the standard throughout to eliminate nonmandatory

language.
Committee D09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,
D1000–04´1, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved October 15, 2009)
(1) Revised 104.2 and added new 104.3.
D1000 – 10
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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An American National Standard

Standard Test Methods for

1. Scope* Curling and Twisting 140-146

NOTE 1—These procedures apply to both Class 1 and Class 2 tapes

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

FIG. 3 Test Machine for Unwind Force Test (Method A)

67. Significance and Use

Method A—For Class 1 Tape

73. Test Specimens

78. Significance and Use

122. Precision and Bias

123. Significance and Use In diameter, 0.1250 in. = 3.175 mm,

134. Report 140. Terminology

(1) Revised the standard throughout to eliminate nonmandatory

(1) Revised 104.2 and added new 104.3.

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