Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the
respondents of the study, the research instrument, the
validation of the questionnaire, the data gathering
procedures, and the data processing and analysis.
Research Design
Quantitative research was used in this study wherein
the phenomenon was explained by collecting numerical data
that were analyzed using mathematically based methods. Polit
and Beck (2004) defined quantitative research as “the
traditional positivist method which refers to a general set
of orderly, disciplined procedure to acquire information.”
The descriptive design wherein the information that will be
obtained about the present situation to gain an
understanding about a certain phenomenon was used in the
study. David (2002) discussed descriptive research as the
situation or given state of affair in terms of specified
aspects or factors.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are the selected Grade 12
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

18
students of Garcia College of Technology which is currently
enrolled for the 2nd semester of the school year 2019-2020.
Sampling Technique
The total population of this study is two hundred
thirty- three (233) which is currently enrolled in Garcia
College of Technology Inc. for the 2nd semester in School
Year 2019-2020. From the given population of, one hundred
fifty-one (151) were selected as sample size.
In this study, the researchers used multi-stage
sampling procedure consists of stratified random sampling
and systematic random sampling with random start in
identifying and selecting the respondents of the study.
The sample size was derived using the Calmorin’s
formula:
Ss =NV ¿ ¿
Where: Ss= sample size
N= population size
V= the standard normal deviate, set at 2.58
Se= sampling error
P= the largest possible proportion

19
A total of three one hundred fifty-one (151)
respondents were derived from the above formula which is the
Calmorin’s formula.
First step. The names of the respondents were numbered using
the list from the Registrar’s Office. After numbering the
list of names of the grade 12 STEM students, the sampling
interval were identified. To identify the sampling interval
(k), the size of the population was divided into the desired
number of units.
The formula used to get the sampling interval is:
N
k=
n
Where:
k= sampling interval
N= population
n= sample size
The desired sampling interval is 2. The next sequence
was the selection of random start for every section. The
researchers borrowed a list of students from the registrar
that serve as the source of the selection of respondents.
The researchers chose a number from 1-233. The application

20
of two (2) sample intervals (k) is used to complete the
selection and list of respondents.
Second step. After determining the sampling interval, the
random start was determined using the systematic random
sampling wherein the researchers chose a number or a random
start of eleven (11).
Research Instrument
The main instrument used in collecting data for study
was the questionnaires that was distributed to the students
or respondents of Garcia College of Technology Inc. These
questionnaires were divided into two parts. The first part
deals about the personal profile of the respondents. The
second part collects the information of the viewpoints of
the respondents about the application.
Data Gathering Procedure
The research instruments undergo content validity by
our research instructor to fill up its needed purpose in
data collection and to correct some uncertainties for proper
validation and for the respondents to understand it clearly

21
in order for the researchers to come up with accurate
results.
Before the distribution of questionnaires, the
researchers asked permission from the principal of Garcia
College of Technology Inc. to allow the researchers to
conduct the study in the campus. The researcher requested
for the copy of enrolled Grade 12 Senior High School STEM
students for School Year 2019-2020 from the Office of the
Registrar.
The distribution of questionnaires was followed with
the proper orientation about the instructions of the
questionnaires and the main objective of the study. Then the
answer on each questionnaire was evaluated and calculated by
the researchers. The collected data was studied and managed
properly by statistical procedures.
Statistical Data Analysis
The information was encoded in SPSS file by Statistical
Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
The descriptive statistics such as frequency count and
percentage were used to evaluate and analyze the data
gathered from the respondents.

22
Frequency is simply the number of participants who
indicated the certain category F (Korb, 2013).
Percentage is calculated by taking the frequency
divided by the total number of respondents and multiplying
it by 100 (Korb, 2013).

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, the

respondents of the study, the research instrument, the

validation of the questionnaire, the data gathering

procedures, and the data processing and analysis.

Quantitative research was used in this study wherein

the phenomenon was explained by collecting numerical data

that were analyzed using mathematically based methods. Polit

and Beck (2004) defined quantitative research as “the

traditional positivist method which refers to a general set

of orderly, disciplined procedure to acquire information.”

The descriptive design wherein the information that will be

obtained about the present situation to gain an

understanding about a certain phenomenon was used in the

study. David (2002) discussed descriptive research as the

situation or given state of affair in terms of specified

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the selected Grade 12

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

students of Garcia College of Technology which is currently

enrolled for the 2nd semester of the school year 2019-2020.

The total population of this study is two hundred

thirty- three (233) which is currently enrolled in Garcia

College of Technology Inc. for the 2nd semester in School

Year 2019-2020. From the given population of, one hundred

fifty-one (151) were selected as sample size.

In this study, the researchers used multi-stage

sampling procedure consists of stratified random sampling

and systematic random sampling with random start in

identifying and selecting the respondents of the study.

The sample size was derived using the Calmorin’s

Where: Ss= sample size

V= the standard normal deviate, set at 2.58

Se= sampling error

P= the largest possible proportion

A total of three one hundred fifty-one (151)

respondents were derived from the above formula which is the

First step. The names of the respondents were numbered using

the list from the Registrar’s Office. After numbering the

list of names of the grade 12 STEM students, the sampling

interval were identified. To identify the sampling interval

The formula used to get the sampling interval is:

The desired sampling interval is 2. The next sequence

was the selection of random start for every section. The

researchers borrowed a list of students from the registrar

that serve as the source of the selection of respondents.

The researchers chose a number from 1-233. The application

of two (2) sample intervals (k) is used to complete the

selection and list of respondents.

Second step. After determining the sampling interval, the

random start was determined using the systematic random

sampling wherein the researchers chose a number or a random

start of eleven (11).

The main instrument used in collecting data for study

was the questionnaires that was distributed to the students

or respondents of Garcia College of Technology Inc. These

questionnaires were divided into two parts. The first part

deals about the personal profile of the respondents. The