Questions: World History Express 3

World History Express 3 Topic One International conflicts and
Question Bank (Revised Edition) threats to peace in the 20th century

C The Cold War (1946-1991)
Questions
(1) Truth or Fraud: Put  for true statements and  for false statements.
1. No war broke out in the world during the ‘Cold War’ period. ( )
2. Poland and Czechoslovakia belonged to the communist bloc. ( )
3. Communist countries practise planned economy and one-party rule, and

emphasise the interests of the state. ( )
4. Capitalist countries practise democracy, while communist countries practise

totalitarian rule. ( )
5. After the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union actively
extended their influence in order to dominate the world. ( )
6. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was first used in a speech made by President Truman of
the U.S. ( )
7. The Iron Curtain separated the communist countries in Eastern Europe from the
democratic countries in the West. ( )
8. Yugoslavia was under strict control of the Soviet Union until the end of the Cold
War. ( )
9. In order to check the spread of communism, Churchill proposed to help any

country felt threatened by communism. ( )
10. The Marshall Plan helped strengthen the ties between capitalist countries and
check the expansion of communism. ( )
11. The Soviet Union introduced the Molotov Plan to counteract the Marshall Plan. (
)
12. The Warsaw Pact was signed as a part of the Molotov Plan. ( )
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13. Berlin was under French control after the division of Germany into four zones.
( )
14. The capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as East Germany,
was Berlin. ( )
15. The Berlin Wall was built between East Germany and West Germany. ( )
16. West Germany was one of the founding members of NATO. ( )
17. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949. ( )
18. The Warsaw Pact was signed when East Germany joined NATO in 1955. ( )
19. Turkey was a member state of the Warsaw Pact. ( )
20. The United States supported the nationalist government in Taiwan after the
Chinese Civil War. ( )
21. During the Korean War, China gave military support to North Korea, while the
Soviet Union supported South Korea. ( )
22. In 1950, the UN forces, under American leadership, landed at Inchon to help the
South Koreans to fight the communists. ( )
23. After the Korean War, Korea was divided into two parts along the latitude 38°N.(
)
24. The United States intervened in the Korean War and the Vietnam War because it
wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia. ( )
25. Egypt adopted a pro-Soviet attitude in the Suez Canal Crisis. ( )
26. The Soviet Union tried to build missile bases in Mexico in the 1960s. ( )
27. The U.S. invaded Cuba in 1962 in order to prevent the Soviet Union from
shipping more nuclear missiles to the island. ( )

28. In 1954, a communist government was set up in South Vietnam, while a capitalist
government was set up in North Vietnam. ( )
29. The Vietnam War ended with the unification of the two Vietnams under capitalist
control. ( )
30. In 1963, a direct telephone line was set up between the U.S. and the Soviet
leaders. ( )
31. Since the 1970s, the Chinese government worked to improve its relations with
Western countries. ( )
32. In 1972, President Nixon of the U.S. visited the People’s Republic of China. ( )
33. When Gorbachev was in power, he tightened the Soviet control over its satellite
states in Eastern Europe. ( )
34. Mikhail Gorbachev was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union. ( )
35. The Berlin Wall has been erected for 50 years. ( )
36. In 1991, the Commonwealth of Independent States was formed, and the Soviet
Union no longer existed. ( )
37. The European Community, which was formed in 1967, drew European countries
closer together. ( )
38. NATO was renamed the European Union in 1993. ( )
39. In 1991, the relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union worsened again
because of the Gulf War. ( )
40. In 1999, members of the Warsaw Pact took military actions against Yugoslavia in
order to end the civil war there. ( )

(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.
1. Capitalist states ‧ ‧ Practice of democracy

Communist states ‧ ‧ State ownership of all means of
production
‧ Planned economy
‧ One-party dictatorship
‧ Free economy
2. East and West Berlin ‧ ‧ This country was unified in 1975.

South and North Korea ‧ ‧ This country remains divided today.
South and North Vietnam ‧ ‧ The Soviet Union lifted the blockade and
reopened the traffic to this city in 1949.
‧ The U.S. led UN troops to help the
southern part of this country to fight
against the north.
‧ The blockade of this city lasted 11
months.
‧ After withdrawing its troops from this
country in 1973, the U.S. became less
involved in fighting against communism.
‧ A wall was built in this city in 1961.
‧ This country was divided along the 17th
parallel of latitude.
‧ This country is divided along the 38th
parallel of latitude.
3. Truman Doctrine ‧ ‧ It was introduced by the Soviet Union to

provide economic aid to Eastern
European countries.
Marshall Plan ‧ ‧ It was introduced by the U.S. to give
financial help to European countries.
Molotov Plan ‧ ‧ It was a military alliance to counteract
NATO.
NATO ‧ ‧ It was a U.S. policy to check the
expansion of communism.
Warsaw Pact ‧ ‧ It was a military alliance to counteract
the influence of communism.

4. Mikhail Gorbachev ‧ ‧ He was the U.S. President who signed

nuclear arms agreements with Gorbachev.
President Reagan ‧ ‧ He made a famous speech from which came
the term ‘Iron Curtain’.
President Nixon ‧ ‧ He relaxed Soviet control over its satellite
states in Eastern Europe.
Mao Zedong ‧ ‧ He established the People’s Republic of
China in 1949.
Winston Churchill ‧ ‧ He was the U.S. President who visited China
in 1972.
5. George Marshall ‧ ‧ He proposed to provide economic and

military aid to the Middle East region after
the Suez Canal Crisis.
President Eisenhower ‧ ‧ He announced that the U.S. would help any
country that felt threatened by communism.
President Truman ‧ ‧ He was the Premier of China during the Cold
War.
Molotov ‧ ‧ He was the Soviet Foreign Minister who
suggested giving economic aid to the Eastern
European countries.
Zhou Enlai ‧ ‧ He introduced an economic plan to help
Europe recover from the Second World War.
6. 1946 ‧ ‧ Outbreak of the Korean War

1950 ‧ ‧ Outbreak of the Vietnam War
1961 ‧ ‧ Breaking up of the Soviet Union
1962 ‧ ‧ Outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis
1991 ‧ ‧ Outbreak of the Chinese Civil War
7. Korean War ‧ ‧ The communist bloc won the war in the end.
Vietnam War ‧ ‧ It led to the formation of East and West
Germany.
Suez Canal Crisis ‧ ‧ Britain, France and Egypt were involved in
the incident.
Cuban Missile Crisis ‧ ‧ Chinese voluntary soldiers were sent to fight
in the war.

Berlin Blockade ‧ ‧ It took place when Kennedy was the U.S.

President.
8. The United States ‧ ‧ It was the leader of the capitalist bloc.

The Soviet Union ‧ ‧ It was reunified in October 1990.
Yugoslavia ‧ ‧ It was the leader of the communist bloc.
Germany ‧ ‧ It became a communist state in 1959.
Cuba ‧ ‧ It was a communist state out of Soviet
influence.

(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. (a) Vietnam War; (b) Korean War; (c) Cuba Missile Crisis
_________________________________________________________________
2. (a) Truman Doctrine; (b) Suez Canal Crisis; (c) Berlin Blockade
_________________________________________________________________
3. (a) President Nixon of the U.S. visited China; (b) The Marshall Plan was
introduced; (c) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed
_________________________________________________________________
4. (a) Signing of the nuclear arms agreement; (b) Formation of the Warsaw Pact; (c)
Fall of the Berlin Wall
_________________________________________________________________
5. (a) Formation of the European Community; (b) Gorbachev becoming the General
Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; (c) End of the Vietnam
War
_________________________________________________________________
6. (a) Outbreak of the Chinese Civil War; (b) Establishment of the People’s
Republic of China; (c) ‘Ping Pong Diplomacy’ of China and the U.S.
________________________________________________________________
7. (a) Reunification of Germany; (b) Formation of the Commonwealth of

Independent States; (c) Abolition of the Warsaw Pact
_________________________________________________________________
8. (a) The Marshall Plan; (b) First use of the term ‘Iron Curtain’; (c) The Truman
Doctrine
_________________________________________________________________
9. (a) Outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis; (b) End of the Vietnam War; (c)
Formation of East Germany
_________________________________________________________________
10. (a) The UN recognised the PRC government as the only rightful government

representing China in the organisation; (b) The U.S. and the Soviet Union held
the first Strategic Arms Limitation Talk; (c) China established diplomatic
relations with the U.S.
_________________________________________________________________
11. (a) Creation of East and West Germany; (b) Building of the Berlin Wall; (c) The
Berlin Blockade
_________________________________________________________________
12. (a) China sent military aid to North Korea; (b) The UN forces landed at Inchon;
(c) Korea was divided into two parts
________________________________________________________________
13. (a) The U.S. intervened in the Vietnam War; (b) The Vietnam War broke out; (c)
North Vietnam took Saigon
_________________________________________________________________
14. (a) Formation of the European Union; (b) Formation of the European
Community; (c) Introduction of the Marshall Plan
_________________________________________________________________
15. (a) Introduction of the Marshall Plan; (b) Introduction of the Molotov Plan; (c)
Signing of the Warsaw Pact
_________________________________________________________________
16. (a) Outbreak of the Suez Canal Crisis; (b) Signing of the Sino-British Joint
Declaration; (c) End of the Vietnam War
_________________________________________________________________
17. (a) The Truman Doctrine; (b) Reunification of Germany; (c) End of the Chinese
Civil War
______________________________________________________________
18. (a) The Berlin Wall was built; (b) The communist government in East Germany
was overthrown; (c) The Soviet Union was dissolved
_________________________________________________________________

(4) Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answers and put them in the boxes below.
1. Which of the following descriptions about the ‘Cold War’ were correct?
(1) It was caused by the ideological differences between capitalism and
communism.
(2) No large-scale military conflict occurred between the United States and the
Soviet Union during this period.
(3) Wars often broke out in winter.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3) □
2. Which of the following countries belonged to the capitalist bloc during the Cold
War?
(1) Italy
(2) Britain
(3) Romania
(4) Japan
(5) China
(6) Australia
A. (1), (2), (4), (6) B. (1), (3), (4), (6)
C. (2), (3), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (4), (6) □
3. Which of the following countries belonged to the communist bloc during the
Cold War?
(1) West Germany
(2) East Germany
(3) Albania
(4) Czechoslovakia
(5) South Korea
(6) North Korea
A. (1), (2), (4), (6) B. (1), (3), (4), (6)
C. (2), (3), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (4), (6) □
4. ‘From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has
descended across the continent.’ The ‘Iron Curtain’ in the speech refers to
_________.
A. the building of the Berlin Wall
B. the division of Germany into four zones

C. the barrier created by the Soviet Union for the protection of its satellites
D. the Berlin Blockade □
5. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was first used by _________.

A. Truman B. Churchill
C. Roosevelt D. Stalin □
6. Which of the following was not a cause of the conflicts between the United
States and the Soviet Union?
A. There were ideological differences between them.
B. Both of them wanted to extend their influence in the world.
C. Distrust was created between them after the Second World War.
D. They wanted to defeat each other by using nuclear weapons. □
7. Which of the following events marked the beginning of the Cold War?
A. The Truman Doctrine
B. The ‘Iron Curtain Speech’
C. The Greek Civil War
D. The Berlin Blockade □
8. The major aim of the Truman Doctrine was to:

A. isolate the U.S. from European affairs.
B. check the spread of communism in the world.
C. give financial aid to Asian countries.
D. announce the establishment of NATO. □
9. Which of the following descriptions about the Marshall Plan were correct?
(1) It was proposed by the U.S.
(2) The Soviet Union regarded this plan as an anti-communist move.
(3) All European countries received aid from this plan.
(4) The European Community was set up to carry out this plan.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (4) D. (3), (4) □
10. How did the Soviet Union respond to the introduction of the Marshall Plan?
A. It introduced the Molotov Plan.
B. It launched the Berlin Blockade.
C. It helped the formation of East Germany.

D. It signed the Warsaw Pact with Eastern European countries. □
11. During the Berlin Blockade, the Western powers provided supplies for the people
of West Berlin by ________ every day.
A. train B. ship
C. air D. tank □
12. The division of Germany into two countries was the immediate result of
_________.
A. the formation of NATO
B. the end of the Second World War
C. the introduction of the Marshall Plan
D. the Berlin Blockade □
13. Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A. 1948 ── The Berlin Blockade
B. 1949 ── Formation of NATO
C. 1972 ── President Nixon of the U.S. visited China
D. 1993 ── Reunification of Germany □
14. When _________ joined NATO in 1955, the _________ responded by setting up
the Warsaw Pact.
A. East Germany / Soviet Union
B. France / United States
C. West Germany / Soviet Union
D. East Germany / United States □
15. The Berlin Wall was built in the period marked ________ on the timeline below.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. (4) □
16. Which of the following was not a founding member of NATO?

A. Denmark B. Portugal
C. France D. Austria □

17. Which of the following was not a founding member of the Warsaw Pact?
A. Poland B. Yugoslavia
C. Hungary D. Czechoslovakia □
18. The Cold War spread from Europe to Asia when __________.
A. the nationalists were defeated in the Chinese Civil War
B. the U.S. imposed an embargo on China
C. the Korean War broke out
D. the People’s Republic of China was set up □
19. Which of the following descriptions about the Korean War were correct?
(1) The U.S. led the UN troops to help South Korea.
(2) China supported South Korea during the war.
(3) South Korea invaded North Korea.
(4) Korea was still divided into two parts when the war ended.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (4)
C. (2), (3) D. (3), (4) □
20. Which of the following countries had two regimes in the 1950s?
(1) Germany
(2) Cuba
(3) Vietnam
(4) Korea
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
21. Which of the following was not a result of the Suez Canal Crisis?
A. The Soviet influence in the Middle East region declined.
B. The Suez Canal was still vested in Egypt.
C. The Cold War spread to the Middle East region.
D. The U.S. was dissatisfied with the pro-Soviet attitude of Egypt. □
22. In response to the placement of nuclear missile bases in Cuba by the Soviet
Union, the United States _________.
A. asked the United Nations for help
B. ordered a naval blockade of Cuba
C. bombed the nuclear missile bases in Cuba
D. set up a ‘hot line’ to discuss the matter with Khrushchev □

23. Who was the U.S. President when the Cuban Missile Crisis broke out?
A. Truman B. Eisenhower
C. Kennedy D. Reagan □
24. Which of the following were the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
(1) A ‘hot line’ was established between the U.S. and the Soviet leaders.
(2) The relations between the two superpowers improved.
(3) The two superpowers co-operated to develop nuclear weapons.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (3), (4) □
25. Why did the U.S. intervene in the Vietnam War?

A. The U.S. wanted to turn Vietnam into its colony.
B. The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia.
C. The U.S. wanted to improve its relations with China.
D. The Soviet Union set up a nuclear missile base in North Vietnam. □
26. Which of the following descriptions about the Vietnam War was correct?
A. South Vietnam received aid from China.
B. The war lasted 14 years.
C. The war ended because the Soviet Union stopped sending military aid to
North Vietnam.
D. The war ended when the U.S. troops withdrew from Vietnam. □
27. The dividing line between North Vietnam and South Vietnam was located at the
latitude __________.
A. 16°N B. 17°N
C. 34°N D. 38°N □
28. Why did the tension of the Cold War begin to ease in the late 1960s and early
1970s?
(1) A nuclear war was about to break out during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
(2) The U.S. paid a high price in the Vietnam War.
(3) The U.S. and Soviet leaders agreed to resolve conflicts by peaceful means.
(4) Japan and the U.S. improved their relations with China.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □

29. The SALT Treaty was first signed in the period marked _________ on the
timeline below.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. (4) □
30. Which of the following fails to reflect the easing of the Cold War tension?
A. A direct telephone line was set up between the U.S. and the Soviet leaders.
B. The U.S. and the Soviet Union held two Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
C. China established diplomatic relations with the U.S.
D. The Soviet Union suppressed the demand for reforms in Eastern Europe. □
31. Which of the following U.S. President visited China in 1972?

A. Eisenhower B. Kennedy
C. Nixon D. Reagan □
32. From 1989, people in Eastern Europe started democratic movements. Which of
the following inferences about these democratic movements was incorrect?
A. The communist bloc was collapsing.
B. The Soviet Union relaxed its control over the Eastern European countries.
C. People in Eastern Europe were dissatisfied with the communist rule.
D. The U.S. controlled the democratic movements behind the scene. □
33. Which of the following Soviet leaders played an important role in ending the
Cold War?
A. Lenin B. Stalin
C. Khrushchev D. Gorbachev □
34. Which of the following events marked the end of the Cold War?
A. Reunification of Germany
B. Collapse of the Warsaw Pact
C. Dissolution of the Soviet Union
D. Democratic movements of Eastern Europe □
35. Arrange the following events in chronological order.

(1) The Cuban Missile Crisis

(2) Formation of the European Community (EC)

(3) Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (2)
C. (2), (1), (3) D. (3), (2), (1) □
36. Which of the following was not an impact of the Cold War?
A. Tension in international relations
B. Rise of terrorism
C. Eastern Europe became weak and poor
D. The world became more peaceful □
37. This is the flag of the ___________.
A. Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)

B. European Economic Community (EEC)
C. European Community (EC)
D. European Union (EU) □
38. Look at the map below. Which was a founding country of the European
Community (EC)?
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. (4) □

39. Which of the following descriptions about the world in the post-Cold War period
was incorrect?
A. International politics were dominated by the U.S.
B. Terrorist attacks happened from time to time.
C. China and Russia became superpowers.
D. International conflicts continued to occur. □

(5) Fill in the Blanks: Fill in the following blanks with the correct answers.
1. At the end of the Second World War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union became
_______________ because they were far more powerful than other countries.
2. The ‘Cold War’ refers to the intense diplomatic struggles between the
_____________ bloc and the _____________ bloc from 1947 to 1991. It was
mainly caused by the _____________ differences between these two blocs.
3. By saying that an ‘_______________’ had descended across the European

continent, _____________, the then British Prime Minister, warned the
Americans in 1946 of Soviet ambition in _____________.
4. In March 1947, President _____________ of the United States stated that the
United States would help any country that felt threatened by _____________.
This policy became known as the _____________.
5. In June 1947, _____________, the U.S. Secretary of State, proposed a plan to

give financial help to the European countries. This was known as the
_____________. In response, the Soviet Union introduced the _____________ to
the Eastern European countries with its own financial aid.
6. The _____________ led to the creation of two separate governments in

Germany.The _____________ was established in West Germany and the
_____________ was set up in East Germany.
7. After the Berlin Blockade, the _____________ was formed in 1949 to counter
the potential threats posed by the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union set
up the _____________ in 1955.
8. In the early 1950s, China befriended _____________ because both of them were
communist countries. Meanwhile, the United States supported the
_____________ government in Taiwan and imposed an _____________ on
China. By then, the Cold War had spread from Europe to Asia.
9. After the Second World War, ___________ was divided into north and south
zones along the latitude 38°N. A ___________ government controlled the
northern part, while a _____________ government ruled the southern part.

10. In June 1950, the Korean War broke out. The UN forces landed at
_____________ to help the South Koreans, while _____________ sent military
aid to North Korea. In 1953, both sides agreed to end the war.
11. In 1956, the _____________ government nationalised the Suez Canal, and this
caused the discontent of Britain and France.
12. The _____________ nearly drew the U.S. into war with the Soviet Union in
1962. At last, tensions eased and a _____________ was set up between the U.S.
and the Soviet leaders.
13. The _____________ broke out in 1961. The south received aid from the
_____________, while the north got support from the _____________ and
_____________.
14. The U.S. participation in the _____________ (1950-1953) and the

_____________ (1961-1975) showed its determination to stop the spread of
communism in Asia.
15. From 1969-1979, the U.S. and the Soviet Union held two _____________ to
reduce their missile systems and nuclear weapons.
16. In 1972, President ___________ of the U.S. paid an official visit to China. This
paved the way for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two
countries.
17. The ‘___________’ of the 1970s was a turning point in the re-establishment of
the Sino-American relations.
18. In 1985, ___________ became the leader of the Soviet Union. He worked to
improve relations with the ___________ and relaxed the Soviet control over the
___________ in Eastern Europe.
19. The fall of the _____________ was the first step towards the reunification of
Germany in 1990.
20. In 1991, many republics within the Soviet Union declared their independence.
Together, they formed the _____________. The Soviet Union no longer existed.

21. In 1967, France, Italy, West Germany and other European countries founded the
_____________. In 1993, it grew further to become the ___________.

(6) Sorting: Distinguish the odd item from each question and write it on the line
provided.
1. France; West Germany; Hungary

_________________________________________________________________
2. Romania; Austria; Czechoslovakia

_________________________________________________________________
3. One-party dictatorship; Free economy; Anti-capitalism

_________________________________________________________________
4. Molotov; Marshall; Truman

_________________________________________________________________
5. League of Nations; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact

_________________________________________________________________
6. Vietnam War; Iraq War; Korean War

_________________________________________________________________
7. Nixon; Churchill; Mao Zedong

_________________________________________________________________
8. Outbreak of the Korean War; Setting up of a direct telephone line between the
United States and the Soviet leaders; Establishment of the Sino-American
relations
_________________________________________________________________
9. Reagan; Kennedy; Roosevelt

_________________________________________________________________
10. East and West Germany; North and South Korea; North and South Vietnam
_________________________________________________________________

(7) Vocabulary: Define the following historical terms with simple words.
1. Cold War
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Capitalism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Communism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Ideology
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Iron Curtain
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Truman Doctrine
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Marshall Plan
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. Molotov Plan
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. Berlin Wall
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. Warsaw Pact

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. Mikhail Gorbachev

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. Commonwealth of Independent States

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
14. European Union

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. Terrorism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(8) Short Questions: Give short answers to the following questions.
1. What was the Cold War?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Identify the features of the Cold War.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Which event marked the beginning of the Cold War?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Why did the Soviet Union introduce the Molotov Plan in 1949?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. How was the Berlin Blockade resolved in the end?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Identify the two results of the Berlin Blockade.

_________________________________________________________________
7. Briefly introduce the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the
Warsaw Pact.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. Which event marked the spread of the Cold War from Europe to Asia?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. What was the result of the Korean War?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. Identify the background of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. Did the United States win the Vietnam War? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. Give three examples of the easing of the Cold War tension.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. Why did the communist bloc in Eastern Europe collapse?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
14. How did the Cold War end?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. How did the Cold War promote European co-operation?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. How did the Cold War bring about the rise of terrorism?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(9) Long Questions: Give detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Compare the ideological differences between capitalism and communism.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Give one example of the conflicts between the United States and the Soviet
Union during the Cold War. State its background, development and result.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. ‘The results of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War helped ease the
tension of the Cold War.’ Do you agree with this viewpoint? Explain your
answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. List one similarity and one difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam
War.
Hints: (1) Did any foreign powers intervene in these two wars? Can you give
some examples?
(2) How did these two wars end?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Do you think the road to German reunification was difficult? Explain your
answer.
Hints: (1) What happened to Germany in 1949?
(2) How did the two parts of Germany differ from each other?
(3) Was there any communication between the two parts of Germany?

Why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. ‘After Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union, the democratic movements of Eastern Europe were greatly
affected.’ Do you agree with this viewpoint? Explain your answer.
Hints: (1) What reforms were carried out after Gorbachev came to power?
(2) What were the impacts of these reforms on the democratic movements
in Eastern Europe?
(3) What were the impacts of these reforms on the democratic movements
in the Soviet Union?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Do you agree that the Cold War was a war? Explain your answer with reference
to the following hints.
Hints: (1) How would you describe the relationship between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union after the Second World War? Was it a friendly one?
(2) Did the two superpowers ever compete with each other? In what ways?
Can you give some examples?
(3) Were the two countries involved in any local military conflicts? Give
one example.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. ‘The Cold War brought more harm than good.’ Do you agree with this statement?
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(10) Data-Based Questions: Study the sources provided and answer the following
questions.
1. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The following is a U.S. poster printed after the Second World War. The bear in
the poster represents the Soviet Union.
Source B
The following is extracted from Stalin’s speaking to a fellow Communist in
1945.
Perhaps you think that just because we are allies of the English we have
forgotten who they are and who Churchill is. There’s nothing they like better
than to trick their allies. During the First World War they constantly tricked
the Russians and the French. And Churchill? Churchill is the kind of man who
will pick your pocket for a kopeck! (A kopeck is a low value Soviet coin.)
...And Roosevelt? Roosevelt is not like that. He dips in his hand only for
bigger coins.
(1) What was the bear doing in source A? What was the view of the
cartoonist about its action?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(2) Did Stalin trust Churchill and Roosevelt, as reflected in source B?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) ‘The suspicion between the United States and the Soviet Union led to the
outbreak of the Cold War.’ Cite evidence from sources A and B to
support this point of view.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below shows the content of broadcasting of the Radio Moscow, the
official radio station of the Soviet Union.
The Radio Moscow had wide coverage of the launching of the world’s first
satellite and the first astronaut. It reported that this ‘Russian Miracle’ was a
great step in the history of space technology. During the Vietnam War, the
Radio Moscow rebuked the intervention of the U.S. as an act of imperialism,
and reported the U.S. army slaughtering Vietnamese civilians.
Source B
The passage below is about the spying activities of the U.S. during the Cold War.
To gain an advantage over the Soviet Union in military confrontation, the U.S.
continued to expand the scope of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) [中央
情報局] and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [聯邦調查局] during
the Cold War. Oleg Penkovsky, described by one intelligence officer as the
‘best spy in history’, was once a colonel [上校] in the GRU (Soviet military
intelligence). However, he supplied a tremendous amount of Soviet
intelligence to the CIA. Penkovsky revealed information about Soviet missile
developments, nuclear plans and locations of military headquarters, etc.
(1) Which two events did the Radio Moscow broadcast, as reflected in
source A?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Infer the purposes of setting up the Radio Moscow with reference to
source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) According to source B, what kind of intelligence about the Soviet Union
did the U.S. want to get?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Identify the characteristics of the Cold War with reference to sources A
and B.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following cartoon is about the Truman Doctrine.
Source B
The following photo was taken in September 1950 when the UN troops landed at
Inchon, South Korea.

(1) Name the man in source A.

__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the cartoonist of source A think that the Truman Doctrine was
successful? Explain your answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Identify the war referred to in source B.

__________________________________________________________
(4) What was the result of this war? Was the result consistent with the
cartoonist’s view about the Truman Doctrine? Explain your answer using
your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is extracted from Marshall’s speech delivered in 1947.
The rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe will require a much
longer time and a greater effort than had been foreseen... Our policy is
directed not against any country and doctrine, but against hunger, poverty,
desperation and chaos... The initiative, I think, must come from Europe. The
role of this country (the U.S.) should consist of friendly aid in the drafting of a
European programme and of later support of such a programme so far as it
may be practical for us to do so...
Source B
The following is a Soviet cartoon that was published in the newspapers of
Eastern European countries in 1948.
(1) Identify the ‘European programme’ referred to in source A.

__________________________________________________________
(2) What does ‘our policy is directed not against any country and doctrine’
tell you about the programme you have mentioned in Q1? Explain your
answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) How did the Soviet man respond to that programme? Explain your
answer with reference to source B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

5. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The graph below shows the European countries that joined the Marshall Plan and
received the financial aid given by the U.S. during 1948-1952.
Sweden
Ireland
Norway
Belgium-Luxembourg
Greece
West Germany
France
Britain
Italy
Netherlands
Austria
Denmark
Turkey
Yugoslavia US dollars
(in million)
Portugal
(1) Which two countries received the largest amount of aid, as reflected in
source A?
__________________________________________________________
(2) Most of the countries that joined the Marshall Plan were in Western
Europe. Why? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) The graph above shows a communist country that joined the Marshall
Plan. Name that country.
__________________________________________________________
(4) Refer to Q3, explain why that country joined the Marshall Plan.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following cartoon, published in 1949, is about the Marshall Plan.
(1) Which country does the man sitting on the chair represent? Cite one clue
from the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
(2) The cartoonist described that the Western countries which received aid
from the Marshall Plan knelt in front of the man sitting on the chair.
What was the cartoonist’s view on the Marshall Plan? Explain your
answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) In which country was the cartoon most likely published? Explain your
answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is a Soviet cartoon published in 1949.
Source B
The following is a British cartoon published in 1949.
If we don’t let him work, who’s going to keep him?

(1) Which countries do the three large birds and the small bird represent?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What message does source A convey?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did the cartoonist of source B sympathise with the post-war treatment of
Germany? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) On which issue did the Soviet Union and the Western countries have
disagreement, as reflected in sources A and B? What was the result of
such disagreement?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows a wall in a German city.
Source B
The following is a description about the wall shown in source A.
...Barbed wires, observation towers and fences were built along the eastern
side of the wall in order to prevent the people from escaping to the west. The
fortification was patrolled by guards and dogs and overlooked by
watchtowers...
(1) What is the name of the wall shown in source A? When was it built?
__________________________________________________________
(2) What was drawn on the wall, as reflected in source A? What message do
the drawings on the wall convey?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) On which side of the wall do you think these drawings were? Explain
your answer with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(4) Briefly state the historical significance of the fall of this wall.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following passage is excerpted from Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.
THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
The parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe
or North America shall be considered an attack against all; ... if such an armed
attack occurs, each of them ... will assist the party or parties attacked by
taking ... such action as [is] necessary, including the use of armed force, to
restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area ...
(1) When was the treaty above signed? Name three countries that signed it.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which organisation was formed after the signing of this treaty?
__________________________________________________________
(3) What was the nature of this organisation? Cite evidence from the source
to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did the Soviet Union respond to the formation of this organisation?
Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The cartoon below, published in 1949, reflects a view towards the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO).
(1) Which countries do the people in the cartoon represent?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the cartoonist think that NATO was a ‘purely defensive’
organisation? Explain your answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) In which country was the cartoon most likely published? Explain your
answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is a propaganda picture published in China in 1951.
The words at the bottom of the picture reads: Long live the victory of the Korean
People’s Army [朝鮮人民軍] and the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army [中國人
民志願軍]!
(1) Identify the war referred to in source A.

__________________________________________________________
(2) Why did China take part in this war? Explain your answer using your
own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Does source A reliably reflect the result of this war? Explain your answer
using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The cartoon below shows an international conflict in 1962.
(1) Which countries do the two men represent? Cite evidence from the
source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What do you think would happen if the two men continued to pull their
ends of the rope?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What was the direct cause of the crisis between these two men? How
was the crisis settled in the end?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The cartoon below, published in the early 1970s, shows the U.S. situation in a
war at that time.
(1) Identify the war referred to in source A. Cite evidence from the source to
support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the U.S. have the advantage in this war, as reflected in source A?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What was the result of the U.S. in this war? What was its impact on the
development of the Cold War? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following statement was made by President Kennedy of the U.S. in 1961.
We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend... in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
Source B
The following statement was made by President Nixon of the U.S. in 1970.
America cannot, and will not, conceive all the plans, design all the
programmes, execute all the decisions and undertake all the defence of the
free nations of the world.
Source C
Anti-war demonstration in the U.S. (1968)
(1) Did President Kennedy of the U.S. think that the U.S. should get
involved in the international affairs, as reflected in source A? Explain
your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(2) Did President Nixon of the U.S. think that the U.S. should get involved
in the international affairs, as reflected in source B? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why did President Kennedy and President Nixon have such views on the
U.S. national policy? Explain your answer with reference to source C,
and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did the view of President Nixon change the international situation
in the 1970s? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The photo below was taken in Beijing in 1972.
(1) Who was the second person from the left?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Who was paying him a visit when the picture was taken?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What was the significance of this meeting between the two men?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is extracted from the speech given by President Reagan of the
U.S. in 1987.
We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security
go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause
of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be
unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and
peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity
for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalisation, come here
to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this
wall!
(1) What does ‘this wall’ in source A refer to?

__________________________________________________________
(2) Did Reagan think that the Soviet Union was a liberal and prosperous
country at that time? Explain your answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) When Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union, what reforms did he carry out in order to ‘tear down
this wall’? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following cartoon shows the political situation of Eastern Europe in the late
1980s.
Cancer Ward
Source B
The passage below is adapted from a newspaper published in 1989. It shows an
event took place in Europe at that time.
For most west Europeans now alive, the world has always ended at the East
German border and the Wall; beyond lay darkness... The opening of the
frontiers declares that the world has no edge any more. Europe is becoming
once more round and whole.
(1) To which bloc do the patients lying on the bed belong, as reflected in
source A? Cite evidence from the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What does ‘the Wall’ in source B refer to? Which event is the source
about?
__________________________________________________________

(3) Did the author of source B support the occurrence of that event? Explain
your answer with reference to the language of source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did the events of sources A and B lead to the end of the Cold War?
Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is a British cartoon published in 1990. It reflects the cartoonist’s
view on the international situation at that time.
(1) Which bloc does the hammer and sickle represent?

__________________________________________________________
(2) Describe the appearance and the facial expression of the hammer and
sickle.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why did the cartoonist draw the hammer and sickle like this? Explain
your answer with reference to the international situation at that time.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Below is a cartoon published in December 1991. It reflects the rule of the Soviet
Union at that time.
Source B
The passage below is a comment on the rule of the Soviet Union after 1985.
President Reagan of the U.S. spoke of the Soviet Union as the ‘evil empire’ in
1983. However, it is no longer a suitable description … He came to power in
1985 … He directed the Soviet Union to the road of democracy and played a
significant role in ending the Cold War …
(1) With reference to source A, describe how the cartoonist viewed the rule
of the Soviet Union. Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What does the phrase ‘out of business’ refer to?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Who does the word ‘he’ refer to in Source B? What was the attitude of
the author towards ‘his’ rule? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Why did the author of source B think that ‘he’ had played a significant
role in ending the Cold War? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Answers
(1) Truth or Fraud
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 

37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
(2) Matching
1. Capitalist states - Practice of democracy; Free economy

Communist states - State ownership of all means of production; Planned economy;
One-party dictatorship
2. East and West Berlin - The Soviet Union lifted the blockade and reopened the
traffic to this city in 1949. / The blockade of this city lasted 11 months. / A wall
was built in this city in 1961.
South and North Korea - This country remains divided today. / The U.S. led UN
troops to help the southern part of this country to fight against the north. / This
country is divided along the 38th parallel of latitude.
South and North Vietnam - This country was unified in 1975. / After withdrawing
its troops from this country in 1973, the U.S. became less involved in fighting
against communism. / This country was divided along the 17th parallel of latitude.
3. Truman Doctrine - It was a U.S. policy to check the expansion of communism.

Marshall Plan - It was introduced by the U.S. to give financial help to European
countries.
Molotov Plan - It was introduced by the Soviet Union to provide economic aid to
Eastern European countries.
NATO - It was a military alliance to counteract the influence of communism.
Warsaw Pact - It was a military alliance to counteract NATO.
4. Mikhail Gorbachev - He relaxed Soviet control over its satellite states in Eastern
Europe.
President Reagan - He was the U.S. President who signed nuclear arms
agreements with Gorbachev.
President Nixon - He was the U.S. President who visited China in 1972.

Mao Zedong - He established the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

Winston Churchill - He made a famous speech from which came the term ‘Iron
Curtain’.
5. George Marshall - He introduced an economic plan to help Europe recover from

the Second World War.
President Eisenhower - He proposed to provide economic and military aid to the
Middle East region after the Suez Canal Crisis.
President Truman - He announced that the U.S. would help any country that felt
threatened by communism.
Molotov - He was the Soviet Foreign Minister who suggested giving economic aid
to the Eastern European countries.
Zhou Enlai - He was the Premier of China during the Cold War.
6. 1946 - Outbreak of the Chinese Civil War

1950 - Outbreak of the Korean War
1961 - Outbreak of the Vietnam War
1962 - Outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis
1991 - Breaking up of the Soviet Union
7. Korean War - Chinese voluntary soldiers were sent to fight in the war.
Vietnam War - The communist bloc won the war in the end.
Suez Canal Crisis - Britain, France and Egypt were involved in the incident.
Cuban Missile Crisis - It took place when Kennedy was the U.S. President.
Berlin Blockade - It led to the formation of East and West Germany.
8. The United States - It was the leader of the capitalist bloc.

The Soviet Union - It was the leader of the communist bloc.
Yugoslavia - It was a communist state out of Soviet influence.
Germany - It was reunified in October 1990.
Cuba - It became a communist state in 1959.
(3) Time Sense
1. (b) Korean War; (a) Vietnam War; (c) Cuba Missile Crisis
2. (a) Truman Doctrine; (c) Berlin Blockade; (b) Suez Canal Crisis

3. (b) The Marshall Plan was introduced; (c) The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization was formed; (a) President Nixon of the U.S. visited China
4. (b) Formation of the Warsaw Pact; (a) Signing of the nuclear arms agreement; (c)
Fall of the Berlin Wall
5. (a) Formation of the European Community; (c) End of the Vietnam War; (b)
Gorbachev becoming the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union
6. (a) Outbreak of the Chinese Civil War; (b) Establishment of the People’s
Republic of China; (c) ‘Ping Pong Diplomacy’ of China and the U.S.
7. (a) Reunification of Germany; (c) Abolition of the Warsaw Pact; (b) Formation
of the Commonwealth of Independent States
8. (b) First use of the term ‘Iron Curtain’; (c) The Truman Doctrine; (a) The
Marshall Plan
9. (c) Formation of West Germany; (a) Outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis; (b)
End of the Vietnam War
10. (b) The U.S. and the Soviet Union held the first Strategic Arms Limitation Talk;
(a) The UN recognised the PRC government as the only rightful government
representing China in the organisation; (c) China established diplomatic relations
with the U.S.
11. (c) The Berlin Blockade; (a) Creation of East and West Germany; (b) Building of
the Berlin Wall
12. (c) Korea was divided into two parts; (b) The UN forces landed at Inchon; (a)
China sent military aid to North Korea
13. (b) The Vietnam War broke out; (a) The U.S. intervened in the Vietnam War; (c)
North Vietnam took Saigon
14. (c) Introduction of the Marshall Plan; (b) Formation of the European
Community;(a) Formation of the European Union

15. (a) Introduction of the Marshall Plan; (b) Introduction of the Molotov Plan (c)
Signing of the Warsaw Pact
16. (a) Outbreak of the Suez Canal Crisis; (c) End of the Vietnam War; (b) Signing
of the Sino-British Joint Declaration
17. (a) The Truman Doctrine; (c) End of the Chinese Civil War; (b) Reunification of
Germany
18. (a) The Berlin Wall was built; (b) The communist government in East Germany
was overthrown; (c) The Soviet Union was dissolved
(4) Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. D

13. D
14. C
15. D
16. D
17. B
18. B
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. B
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. D
31. C

32. D
33. D
34. C
35. A
36. D
37. D
38. A
39. C
(5) Fill in the Blanks
1. superpowers
2. capitalist; communist; ideological
3. Iron Curtain; Churchill; Eastern Europe
4. Truman; communism; Truman Doctrine
5. George Marshall; Marshall Plan; Molotov Plan
6. Berlin Blockade; Federal Republic of Germany; German Democratic Republic
7. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); Warsaw Pact
8. the Soviet Union; nationalist; embargo
9. Korea; communist; non-communist
10. Inchon; China

11. Egyptian
12. Cuban Missile Crisis; direct telephone line
13. Vietnam War; United States; Soviet Union; China
14. Korean War; Vietnam War
15. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
16. Nixon
17. Ping Pong Diplomacy
18. Gorbachev; United States; communist countries
19. Berlin Wall
20. Commonwealth of Independent States
21. European Community; European Union
(6) Sorting
1. Hungary (It did not belong to the capitalist bloc.)
2. Austria (It did not belong to the communist bloc.)
3. Free economy (It was not an idea promoted in the communist countries.)
4. Molotov (He was not a leader of the capitalist bloc.)
5. League of Nations (It was not an organisation formed during the Cold War.)
6. Iraq War (It did not break out during the Cold War.)
7. Churchill (He was not a leader during the Cold War.)

8. Outbreak of the Korean War (It was not an example that showed the easing of the
Cold War tension.)
9. Roosevelt (He was not President of the United States during the Cold War
period.)
10. North and South Korea (Korea remains divided nowadays.)
(7) Vocabulary
1. The Cold War refers to the confrontation between the capitalist bloc and the
communist bloc from 1946 to 1991.
2. Capitalism promotes a free economy and private ownership of the means of

production.
3. Communism promotes a planned economy and the state ownership of all means
of production.
4. Ideology is a body of political beliefs on which a government or a political party

bases its actions.
5. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was first used by Churchill in 1946. It refers to the
separation of Europe into a communist East and a non-communist West during
the Cold War.
6. In March 1947, President Truman of the U.S. announced that the U.S. would
help any country that felt threatened by communism. This became known as the
Truman Doctrine.
7. In June 1947, George Marshall, the U.S. Secretary of State, proposed a plan to
give financial help to the European countries. This was known as the Marshall
Plan, which was implemented in 1948. The Marshall Plan helped strengthen the
ties between capitalist countries.
8. To prevent the U.S. from expanding into Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union did
not allow the communist countries there to accept the American help. Instead, it

introduced the Molotov Plan to provide them with its own financial aid. This was
to oppose the Marshall Plan and to strengthen the ties among the communist
countries.
9. In 1961, the government of East Germany built the Berlin Wall to stop its people
from moving to West Germany. From then on, all communication between the
people in the two parts of Berlin was cut. Until its fall in 1989, the Berlin Wall
had always been a symbol of the Cold War.
10. After the Berlin Blockade, the U.S., Canada, Britain, France and other Western
countries formed a military alliance to defend themselves against Soviet attacks.
This was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Members of NATO
promised that if any one of them was attacked, other member states would
provide it with military aid to ensure the security of the North Atlantic region.
The formation of NATO showed that the Western countries were determined to
contain communism.
11. When West Germany joined NATO in 1955, the Soviet Union and some Eastern
European countries formed another military alliance, the Warsaw Pact, to
counteract NATO. The Pact stated that if any one of the member states was
attacked in Europe, other members should use any means to provide support.
12. Mikhail Gorbachev played an important role in ending the Cold War. In 1985,
Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union. He carried out political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union, such
as ending the dictatorship of the Communist Party. He relaxed the Soviet control
over the communist countries in Eastern Europe, and reduced the number of
Soviet troops stationed there. He also worked to improve relations with the U.S.
All these helped to end the Cold War.
Together, they formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The
Soviet Union no longer existed.
14. The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
helped bring European countries closer together. In 1967, France, Italy, West
Germany and other European countries formed the European Community (EC),
which developed into the European Union (EU) in 1993.

15. As defined by the United Nations, terrorism refers to acts that ‘use kill and attack
civilians as a means to frighten an ethnic group, government, or international
organisation to achieve specific aims’.
(8) Short Questions
1. The Cold War refers to the confrontation between the capitalist bloc and the
communist bloc from 1946 to 1991. During this period, the two blocs opposed
each other on political, economic and cultural issues, and involved themselves in
local military conflicts. However, no large-scale fighting broke out between
them.
2. Firstly, both the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc carried out a lot of spying
activities. Secondly, both sides widely used propaganda to promote their own
ideology and to attack each other. Besides, no contacts were allowed between the
two sides. In addition, local military conflicts broke out, such as the Korean War
and the Vietnam War. Finally, both sides competed in building up armaments and
exploring the outer space.
3. In 1946, Winston Churchill made a speech in the U.S. He said that the Soviet
Union was trying to separate, with an Iron Curtain, the communist countries in
Eastern Europe from the democratic countries in the West. This ‘Iron Curtain
Speech’ marked the beginning of the Cold War.
4. In 1948, the U.S. implemented the Marshall Plan to give financial help to
European countries. To oppose this plan and to prevent the U.S. from expanding
into Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union did not allow the communist countries
there to accept the American help. Instead, it introduced the Molotov Plan to
provide them with its own financial aid.
5. Britain, France and the U.S. sent supplies to their zones by air. They even joined
their zones together to form West Berlin in late 1948. To avoid war with the
Western powers, the Soviet Union reopened all traffic to West Berlin in May
1949. The blockade was over.
6. The first one was the creation of East and West Germany, and the second one
was the formation of two opposing military organisations (NATO and the

Warsaw Pact).
7. NATO was a military alliance formed by the U.S., Canada, Britain, France and
other Western countries to counteract the influence of communism. The Warsaw
Pact was another military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and the Eastern
European countries to counteract NATO.
8. In the early 1950s, China befriended the Soviet Union because both of them were
communist countries. Meanwhile, the U.S. supported the nationalist government
in Taiwan and imposed an embargo on China. By then, the Cold War had spread
from Europe to Asia.
9. The Korean War between the capitalist and communist blocs lasted three years.
In 1953, both sides agreed to end the war. Today, Korea remains divided as it
was in 1950.
10. At first, Cuba was friendly with the U.S. Then, in 1959, it became a communist
country and started to befriend the Soviet Union. In 1962, the Americans had
proof that the Soviet Union was building nuclear missile bases in Cuba. This
touched off the Cuban Missile Crisis.
11. No. The Vietnam War caused great casualties for the American soldiers. Finally,
the U.S. withdrew its troops from Vietnam. In 1975, North Vietnam took Saigon
and unified the whole country under communist rule. The U.S. failed to win the
war.
12. Firstly, a direct telephone line was set up between the U.S. and the Soviet
leaders in 1963. Secondly, from 1969-1979, the U.S. and the Soviet Union held
two Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to reduce their missile systems and nuclear
weapons. Finally, President Nixon of the U.S. visited the People’s Republic of
China in 1972. (Suggested answer only)
13. It was because people in Eastern Europe started democratic movements in 1989.
The communist governments in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Romania and East Germany fell one after another.
Together, they formed the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Soviet

Union no longer existed. By then, the communist bloc had disappeared, and the
Cold War finally ended.
15. The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
helped bring European countries closer together. In 1967, France, Italy, West
Germany and other European countries formed the European Community. It
developed into the European Union in 1993. Today, Europe continues on its way
to further unity.
16. During the Cold War, the two superpowers always got involved in the domestic
affairs of other countries and set up puppet governments there. Parties that lost
power took revenge through terrorist means, and this led to the rise of terrorism.
(9) Long Questions
1. Capitalism promotes a free economy and private ownership of the means of

production. Communism, on the contrary, promotes a planned economy and the
state ownership of all means of production. Capitalist governments practise
democracy, while communist governments practise totalitarian rule.
2. The Vietnam War was a long struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Vietnam was once a French colony. In 1954, it became independent and was
divided into two parts along the latitude 17°N. A communist government was set
up in the north, while a capitalist government was set up in the south. In 1961, a
war broke out between North and South Vietnam. China and the Soviet Union
supported North Vietnam. From 1964 onwards, the U.S. sent a large number of
soldiers to help South Vietnam. It also started bombing North Vietnam. The
Vietnam War became another local military conflict in which the U.S. took part
to fight communism. The Vietnam War lasted fourteen years. In 1975, North
Vietnam took Saigon and unified the whole country under communist rule. The
U.S., which paid a high price, failed to win the war. (Suggested answer only)
3. Yes. During the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, the tension between the U.S. and
the Soviet Union was high. A nuclear war was about to break out. Therefore, the
two superpowers improved their communication after the crisis. In 1963, a direct
telephone line was set up between the U.S. and the Soviet leaders. Besides, since
the U.S., which paid a high price, failed to win the Vietnam War, it began to
change its policy towards communist countries. A peaceful means instead of a

forceful means was adopted. Therefore, tension between the two blocs began to
relax.
4. Similarity: They both involved the intervention of other powers. The Soviet
Union and China gave support to the communist north, while the U.S. gave aid to
the non-communist south.
Difference: The Korean War ended with the continuation of the division of Korea
up to the present, while the Vietnam War ended with the unification of Vietnam
under communist rule.
5. I think the road to German reunification was very difficult. In 1949, Germany
was divided into two parts with West Germany practising capitalism and East
Germany practising communism. The two Germanys had two different political
systems and belonged to two different organisations (West Germany joined
NATO, while East Germany joined the Warsaw Pact). Communication and
contacts between them were blocked due to the building of the Berlin Wall in
1961. With such a long-time division for over 40 years, and having no
knowledge of what was happening on the other side, the two Germanys must
have had much difficulty in reunifying themselves. (Suggested answer only)
6. Yes. When Gorbachev came to power in 1985, he carried out political and
economic reforms in the Soviet Union, such as ending the dictatorship of the
Community Party. He relaxed the Soviet control over the communist countries in
Eastern Europe, and reduced the number of Soviet troops stationed there. As a
result, people of Eastern Europe started democratic movements in 1989. The
communist governments in Eastern Europe fell one after another. In 1991, many
republics within the Soviet Union declared their independence. Together, they
formed the Commonwealth of Independent States. All these changes were
brought about by Gorbachev’s reforms. Therefore, I agree that Gorbachev had a
great impact on the democratic movements of Eastern Europe. (Suggested
answer only)
7. In the years after the Second World War, the relations between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union were very tense. There were intense diplomatic struggles between
them. They competed with each other in giving economic aid to other countries.
For example, the U.S. introduced the Marshall Plan to help its allies, and the
Soviet Union put forward the Molotov Plan to help its satellite states. Later, the
two superpowers even participated in local military conflicts, such as the Korean

War. On the whole, I do agree that the Cold War was a certain kind of war
because the relations between the two superpowers from 1947 to 1991 were
more or less in a state of ‘war’. (Suggested answer only)
8. Yes, the Cold War brought more harm than good. Firstly, the Cold War caused
tension in international relations. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet
Union competed in developing nuclear weapons and extending their influence in
order to gain victory over the other side. They even took part in local military
conflicts. All these created tension in international relations and threatened world
peace. Besides, the Cold War made Eastern Europe become weak and poor.
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union strictly controlled the communist
countries in Eastern Europe. Communication with the West was not allowed, and
demands for reforms were suppressed. In the end, the Eastern European countries
became much weaker and poorer than the democratic countries in the West. In
addition, the Cold War gave rise to terrorism. During the Cold War, the two
superpowers always got involved in the domestic affairs of other countries and
set up puppet governments there. Parties that lost power took revenge through
terrorist means, and this led to the rise of terrorism. The only positive impact
brought about by the Cold War was promoting European co-operation. The
competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War helped
bring the European countries closer together. In 1967, France, Italy, West
Germany and other European countries formed the European Community. It
developed into the European Union in 1993. Today, Europe continues on its way
to further unity. Therefore, I agree that ‘the Cold War brought more harm than
good’. (Suggested answer only)
(10) Data-Based Questions
1. (1) The bear was grasping the globe. The cartoonist thought that the Soviet
Union wanted to conquer the whole world.
(2) No. Stalin made negative comments about Churchill and Roosevelt.
Although they were allies, Stalin thought that Churchill and Roosevelt
would trick him. Since they wanted to take advantage of the Soviet Union,
Stalin did not trust them.
(3) As reflected in source A, the U.S. believed that the Soviet Union actively
extended its influence in order to dominate the world. To protect its own
interests, the U.S. started its diplomatic struggles with the Soviet Union.
According to source B, although the Soviet Union allied with Britain and

the U.S. during the Second World War, trust was not built up between
them. Since the Soviet Union was a communist state, it became suspicious
of the capitalist states, such as Britain and the U.S. As a result,
international situation remained tense after the Second World War, and the
Cold War began.
2. (1) It reported the Soviet achievement in space technology and the U.S. Army
slaughtering Vietnamese civilians during the Vietnam War.
(2) To promote that the Soviet Union was superior to the Western countries,
and to exaggerate the atrocity of the capitalist states.
(3) Military intelligence.
(4) According to source A, both the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc
widely used propaganda to promote their own ideology and to attack each
other. Besides, local military conflicts broke out, such as the Vietnam War
(source A). As reflected in source B, both sides also carried out a lot
spying activities to get intelligence of the other side.
3. (1) Stalin.
(2) Yes. The Truman’s Program pipe prevented Stalin from smoking. This
means that the Truman Doctrine succeeded in checking the spread of
communism.
(3) The Korean War.
(4) In 1953, both the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc agreed to end the
war. Today, Korea remains divided into two parts. The Korean War
prevented South Korea from turning into a communist country and
checked the spread of communism in Asia. This was consistent with the
cartoonist’s view.
4. (1) The Marshall Plan.

(2) The U.S. aid would be provided for all European countries, including both
the capitalist countries and the communist countries.
(3) As reflected in source B, the Soviet Union called on the communist
countries in Eastern Europe to reject the American aid. Besides, the Soviet
Union introduced the Molotov Plan, which provided the communist
countries in Eastern Europe with its own financial aid, to oppose the
Marshall Plan.
5. (1) Britain and France.

(2) It was because the Soviet Union did not allow the communist countries in
Eastern Europe to receive the U.S. aid.
(3) Yugoslavia.
(4) Since Yugoslavia was the only communist country in Eastern Europe that
was not under the Soviet influence, it could join the Marshall Plan and
accept the U.S. aid.
6. (1) The U.S. The face of the man was a coin of the U.S. dollar.
(2) Negative. The cartoonist believed that after receiving the U.S. aid, the
European countries would submit themselves to the U.S. Then, they would
be controlled by the U.S.
(3) The Soviet Union. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union
often used propaganda to promote their own ideology and to attack each
other. Therefore, this cartoon that attacked the Marshall Plan was most
likely published in the Soviet Union, which wanted to defame the Marshall
Plan and asked the Eastern European countries not to joined the Marshall
Plan.
7. (1) The three large birds represent the U.S., Britain and France, while the
small bird represents Germany.
(2) In the cartoon, the small bird with the symbol of the Nazi Party was born
under the care of the three large birds. This shows that under the protection
of the U.S., Britain and France, Nazism would be revived in Germany.
(3) Yes. In the cartoon, Germany was tied to the ground and could not move.
Besides, the caption of the cartoon reads: ‘If we don’t let him work, who’s
going to keep him?’ Therefore, the cartoonist thought that Germany should
be developed again.
(4) The Soviet Union and the Western countries had disagreement on the
economic recovery of Germany in the post-war period. Since the Soviet
Union were discontented with the attitude of the U.S., Britain and France
towards Germany, it stopped all road, rail and canal traffic in the three
western zones of Berlin in June 1948. The Berlin Blockade began.
8. (1) The Berlin Wall. It was built in 1961.

(2) The Statue of Liberty. The drawings of the Statue of Liberty on the wall
convey the message that the people wanted freedom.
(3) The drawings were on the western side of the wall. On the eastern side,
barbed wires, observation towers and fences were built to prevent people

from escaping to West Berlin. It was therefore impossible for the East
Berliners to go near the wall and draw pictures on it.
(4) The fall of the Berlin Wall not only contributed to the re-establishment of
contacts and communication between the West and the East Berliners, but
also paved the way for the reunification of Germany in 1990.
9. (1) The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in 1949. The U.S., Britain and
France were three of the countries that signed it.
(2) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
(3) This organisation was a military alliance. The North Atlantic Treaty stated
that an attack on any one of the members would be treated as an attack
against all members. If a member-state was attacked, the other members
would use force to help it if necessary.
(4) In 1955, the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries signed the
Warsaw Pact to counteract NATO.
10. (1) The member-states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
(2) No. The cartoonist thought that NATO is only a peacekeeping organisation
on the surface (as the member states hold a flag written with ‘North
Atlantic Pact- doubly peaceful and purely defensive’ on the surface of the
water), but its final aim is an aggression pact (as they are stepping on an
nuclear bomb written with ‘aggression pact’ under the water).
(3) The Soviet Union. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union
often used propaganda to promote their own ideology and to attack each
other. Therefore, this cartoon that satirised NATO as an aggressive pact
was most likely published in the Soviet Union, which wanted to defame
the Western countries.
11. (1) The Korean War.

(2) Firstly, the UN troops, led by the U.S., landed at Inchon to help the South
Koreans. They marched towards the Chinese border. Besides, both China
and North Korea were communist states. Therefore, China sent the
Chinese People’s Volunteer Army to help the North Koreans.
(3) No. The propaganda picture shows that the U.S. troops were defeated by
the Chinese and North Korean troops. China and North Korea won an
overwhelming victory. However, the war was not ended with the victory of
China and North Korea. The Korean War lasted three years, and both sides
suffered great casualties. Finally, both sides signed an armistice in 1953.

Today, Korea remains divided into two parts.
12. (1) The man on the left represents the Soviet Union because he was wearing a
suit that had the symbol of the Soviet Communist Party. The man on the
right represents the U.S. because he was wearing a hat with stars and
stripes.
(2) A nuclear war might happen.
(3) The direct cause of this crisis was that the Soviet Union placed nuclear
missile bases in Cuba that affected the U.S. security. When the Soviet
Union agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba, the crisis was settled.
13. (1) The Vietnam War. It was because the phrase ‘years in Vietnam’ was written
on the wall.
(2) No. The man representing the U.S. tried to break the wall by hitting his
head against the wall continuously. His action was obviously useless.
However, he continued his action in order to ‘save face’. Finally, the man
bled profusely, but the wall was unharmed. This means that the U.S.
intervened in the Vietnam War, but it failed to defeat North Vietnam. On
the contrary, as the war continued, the U.S. suffered heavy casualties and
high military expenses.
(3) In 1973, the U.S. and North Vietnam signed a ceasefire, under which the
U.S. agreed to withdraw its troops from Vietnam. Since the U.S. paid a
high price for the war, it began to change its policy towards the communist
countries. This helped ease the Cold War tension.
14. (1) Yes. He said that the U.S. would pay any price to support its friendly states
in order to assure the survival of liberty.
(2) No. He said that the U.S. could not, and would not, undertake all the
defence of the free nations of the world.
(3) In the 1960s, the Cold War tension was very high, and the U.S. was
determined to check the spread of communism. Therefore, President
Kennedy believed that the U.S. should help its friendly states to contain
communism. However, in the late 1960s, the U.S. suffered heavy
casualties in the Vietnam War. Anti-war demonstrations were held in the
U.S. (source C). Under these circumstances, President Nixon changed the
U.S. policy towards the communist countries and refused to ‘undertake all
the defence of free nations of the world’.
(4) The Cold War tension began to ease in the 1970s. The U.S. changed its

policy towards the communist countries and improved its relations with
them. For example, the U.S. and the Soviet Union held two Strategic Arms
Limitation Talks to reduce their missile systems and nuclear weapons.
Besides, President Nixon visited China in 1972.
15. (1) Mao Zedong.

(2) President Nixon of the U.S.
(3) It paved the way for the establishment of diplomatic relations between
China and the U.S.
16. (1) The Berlin Wall.

(2) No. Reagan said that if Gorbachev sought prosperity and liberalisation, he
should tear down the Berlin Wall. This shows that Reagan did not think the
Soviet Union was a liberal and prosperous country at that time.
(3) Gorbachev carried out political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union,
such as ending the dictatorship of the Communist Party. He relaxed the
Soviet control over the communist countries in Eastern Europe, and
reduced the number of Soviet troops stationed there. All these paved the
way for the democratic movements in Eastern Europe and the fall of the
Berlin Wall.
17. (1) The communist bloc. Their eyes are the symbol of the Communist Party
(hammer and sickle).
(2) ‘The Wall’ refers to the Berlin Wall. The source is about the fall of the
Berlin Wall.
(3) Yes. Before the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Western Europeans thought that
the world had ‘ended at the (Berlin) Wall’, and the world behind the Berlin
Wall had been full of ‘darkness’. However, the world became ‘round and
whole’ after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It can be seen that the author of
source B supported the fall of the Berlin Wall.
(4) The cartoonist of source A described the communist countries in Eastern
Europe as the cancer patients who were going to die soon. It implied that
the communist regimes would be overthrown shortly. In 1989, people in
Eastern Europe started democratic movements. The communist
governments in Eastern Europe were overthrown one after another. The
communist bloc no longer existed. Source B shows the fall of the Berlin
Wall, which was a symbol of the Cold War. Shortly afterwards, the
communist government in East Germany was also overthrown, and

Germany was reunified. All these paved the way for the end of the Cold
War.
18. (1) The communist bloc.

(2) In the cartoon, the appearances of the hammer and sickle were old and
ragged. Besides, they looked very upset as they were crying.
(3) Since the communist bloc was collapsing in 1990, the cartoonist described
the hammer and sickle, which symbolise communism, as old and upset. At
that time, people in Eastern Europe started democratic movements. The
communist governments in Eastern Europe fell one after another. In Soviet
Union, Gorbachev ended the dictatorship of the Communist Party. All
these showed that the communist bloc was collapsing.
19. (1) The cartoonist disapproved of the Soviet rule. He used an old castle which
named the ‘Evil Empire’ to represent the Soviet Union. He also used the
dark night with the ground full of snow to imply that the atmosphere inside
the old castle (Soviet Union) was horrible.
(2) It refers to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
(3) The word ‘he’ in source B refers to Gorbachev. The author was happy with
Gorbachev’s policies as he wrote that ‘he directed the Soviet Union to the
road of democracy and played a significant role in ending the Cold War.’
(4) Gorbachev worked to improve the Soviet-American relations by signing
treaties with the U.S. to destroy nuclear weapons and reduce the
production of other armaments. He also relaxed the Soviet control over its
satellite states by reducing the number of troops stationed in Eastern
Europe and by not intervening in the reform movements over there. Thus,
the author thought that Gorbachev had played a significant role in ending
the Cold War.

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World History Express 3 Topic One International conflicts and

Question Bank (Revised Edition) threats to peace in the 20th century

2. Poland and Czechoslovakia belonged to the communist bloc. ( )

3. Communist countries practise planned economy and one-party rule, and

4. Capitalist countries practise democracy, while communist countries practise

9. In order to check the spread of communism, Churchill proposed to help any

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16. West Germany was one of the founding members of NATO. ( )

17. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949. ( )

19. Turkey was a member state of the Warsaw Pact. ( )

25. Egypt adopted a pro-Soviet attitude in the Suez Canal Crisis. ( )

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35. The Berlin Wall has been erected for 50 years. ( )

38. NATO was renamed the European Union in 1993. ( )

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(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.

1. Capitalist states ‧ ‧ Practice of democracy

2. East and West Berlin ‧ ‧ This country was unified in 1975.

3. Truman Doctrine ‧ ‧ It was introduced by the Soviet Union to

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4. Mikhail Gorbachev ‧ ‧ He was the U.S. President who signed

5. George Marshall ‧ ‧ He proposed to provide economic and

6. 1946 ‧ ‧ Outbreak of the Korean War

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Berlin Blockade ‧ ‧ It took place when Kennedy was the U.S.

8. The United States ‧ ‧ It was the leader of the capitalist bloc.

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(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.

7. (a) Reunification of Germany; (b) Formation of the Commonwealth of

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5. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was first used by _________.

8. The major aim of the Truman Doctrine was to:

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D. It signed the Warsaw Pact with Eastern European countries. □

13. Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

16. Which of the following was not a founding member of NATO?

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25. Why did the U.S. intervene in the Vietnam War?

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31. Which of the following U.S. President visited China in 1972?

35. Arrange the following events in chronological order.

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(2) Formation of the European Community (EC)

37. This is the flag of the ___________.

A. Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)

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3. By saying that an ‘_______________’ had descended across the European

5. In June 1947, _____________, the U.S. Secretary of State, proposed a plan to

6. The _____________ led to the creation of two separate governments in

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14. The U.S. participation in the _____________ (1950-1953) and the

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1. France; West Germany; Hungary

2. Romania; Austria; Czechoslovakia