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    General idea of what transcription is

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    General idea of what transcription is

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    General idea of what transcription is

    Copyright:

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views2 pages

    Transcription

    Uploaded by

    Lee
    General idea of what transcription is

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Bio Assignment 1

    Transcription

    mRNA also known as messenger RNA

    • Carrier of information from DNA to the cell's protein synthesizing machinery

    • Transcribed from the template strand of a gene

    • Enzyme called RNA polymerase

    • Pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA with nucleotides complementary to the
    DNA template strand

    • Thus, elongating the RNA polynucleotide in its 5' to 3' direction

    • Don't need a (RNA) primer

    RNA Polymerase binding & Initiation of transcription

    • Promoter is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription

    • Therefore, determining where transcription starts and which of the 2 strands of the DNA helix is
    used as the template

    • The enzyme (RNA polymerase II) unwinds and unzips the DNA strands at the promoter site and
    starts transcribing the template strand

    Elongation of the RNA strand

    • RNA polymerase move along the DNA in the direction of 3' to 5', continues to untwist the double
    helix

    • Enzyme add free nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA nucleotide complementary to the
    DNA template as it continues along the double helix

    • New RNA molecule peels away from its DNA template, and the DNA double helix reforms

    • The congregation of many polymerase molecules simultaneously transcribing a single gene


    increases the amount of mRNA transcribed from it, which helps the cell to make the encoded protein
    in large amounts

    Termination

    - Termination of transcription occurs when RNA polymerase reaches the terminator site on the DNA
    template.
    - The sequence of bases that marks this site signals RNA polymerase to stop adding nucleotides to the
    mRNA strand.
    - The RNA transcript is released from the DNA template, followed by the RNA polymerase.
    - The transcription is complete, and now the RNA transcript is called primary RNA transcript (pre-
    mRNA).
    mRNA processing

    Unlike prokaryotic cell, the eukaryotic cell modify pre-mRNA in specific ways before the genetic
    messages are dispatched to the cytoplasm. During this mRNA processing, certain interior sections of
    the RNA molecule are cut out and the remaining parts are spliced together. This modifications
    produce an mRNA molecule ready for translation.

    This is because most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of
    nucleotides, regions that are not translated. Most of these noncoding sequences are interspersed
    between coding segments of the gene and thus between coding segments of the pre-mRNA.

    In other words, the sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a eukaryotic polypeptide is usually
    not continuous; it is split into segments. The noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between
    coding regions are called introns. The other region that can be translated into amino acid sequences is
    called exons.

    During RNA splicing, spliceosome excise the introns, and at the same time ligate the exons. The
    spliceosome then comes apart, releasing mRNA, which now contains only exons. As a result,
    functional mRNA which contain continuous coding sequence is formed.

    The mature mRNA then leaves the nucleus through nuclear pore to be translated by ribosomes in the
    cytoplasm.

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