Chapter 1

Introduction to Emerging Technologies

Instructor: Tsegaye Berhanu

 Outline
Evolution of Technologies

Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

Enabling devices and network for Technologies

Human to Machine Interaction

Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Objective of the Course
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
 Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution
possible
 Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in
both Europe and the united states
 Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain,
continental Europe, and the United States.
 Describe the technological innovations that spurred industrialization
 Identifies and understand the programmable device
 Understand concepts relating to the design of human-computer interfaces
in ways making computer-based systems comprehensive, friendly and
usable.
 Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies
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 Evolution of Technologies
 Emerging technology (ET) is a term generally used to
describe a new technology.
 But it may also refer to the continuing development of
existing technology in different areas.
 It can have slightly different meanings when used in
different areas, such as media, business, science, or
education.

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 Evolution of Technologies
 ET commonly refers to technologies that are
currently developing, or that are expected to be
available within the next five to ten years.
 ET usually reserved for technologies that are creating
or are expected to create significant social or
economic effects.
 Technological evolution is a theory of radical
transformation of society through technological
development.
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 Evolution of Technologies
What is the root word of Technology and Evolution?
Technology:
 Derived from the Greek word tekhnologia
(systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique)
 tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.
 treatise on an art or the arts
"science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is first
recorded in 1859.

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 Evolution of Technologies
Evolution:
 evolution means the process of developing by
gradual changes.
 This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an
unrolling or opening," combined from the
prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll."

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 Currently available emerged technologies
 Artificial Intelligence
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 DevOps
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
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 Introduction to the Industrial
Revolution (IR)
 The Industrial Revolution was a period of major
industrialization and innovation that took place during
the late 1700s and early 1800s.
 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a
society shifts from using tools to make products to use
new sources of energy, such as coal, to power
machines in factories.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The revolution started in England, with a series of
innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people
moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The American Industrial Revolution(Second Industrial
Revolution), started sometime between 1820 and
1870.
 The impact of changing the way items was
manufactured had a wide reach.
 Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass
making, and agriculture all had undergone changes.
For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution,
textiles were primarily made of wool and were
handspun.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 From the first industrial revolution (mechanization
through water and steam power) to the mass
production and assembly lines using electricity in the
second, the fourth industrial revolution will take what
was started in the third with the adoption of
computers and automation and enhance it with smart
and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine
learning.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
Generally, the following industrial revolutions
fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us
into modern society.
 The steam engine,
 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and
machine learning

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial
Revolution are:
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad,
The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
 Communication.: The Telegraph. The Transatlantic
Cable. The Phonograph. The Telephone.
 Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine.
Electric Lights.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the
late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.
 The first European countries to be industrialized after
England were Belgium, France, and the German
states.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the
effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
 As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began
in Britain in the 18th century due in part to an
increase in food production, which was the key
outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.

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 Currently available emerged technologies

The four types of industries are:

 The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g.
making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching
and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
 The IR is described as a transition to new
manufacturing processes.
 IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time
where this revolution began.
 The transitions in the first IR included going from
hand production methods to machines, the increasing
use of steam power
 The development of machine tools and the rise of the
factory system.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
 The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution,
began somewhere in the 1870s.
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of
methods for manufacturing interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems
such as telegraph and railroad networks.
 This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication.
 Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such
as electrical power and telephones.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronics
which began from the late 1950s.
 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was
given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
 The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic circuits
and its derived technologies such as the computer,
handphones and the Internet.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 These technological innovations have arguably
transformed traditional production and business
techniques enabling people to communicate with
another without the need of being physically present.
 Certain practices that were enabled during IR 3.0 is
still being practiced until this current day, for example
– the proliferation of digital computers and digital
record.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 Now, with advancements in various technologies such as robotics,
Internet of Things (IoT see Figure 1.4), additive manufacturing and
autonomous vehicles, the term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” or
IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive
chairman of World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.
 The technologies mentioned above are what you call – cyber-
physical systems. A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is
controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly
integrated with the Internet and its users.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 One example that is being widely practiced in industries today
is the usage of Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
machines. These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.
 Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is
the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can see it
being implemented into our smartphones.
 AI is also one of the main elements that give life to
Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

Chapter 1. Introduction to Emerging Technologies

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Introduction to Emerging Technologies
 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are
living in the age of big data, and drives or even determines the
future of science, technology, the economy, and possibly everything
in our world today and tomorrow.
 Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but more
importantly, presents enormous challenges that in turn bring
incredible innovation and economic opportunities.
 This reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just by data
itself but all other aspects that could be created, transformed,
and/or adjusted by understanding, exploring, and utilizing data.

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 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new
debate about data-intensive scientific discovery as an emerging
technology, the so-called “fourth industrial revolution,”
 There is no doubt, nevertheless, that the potential of data
science and analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy,
and professional development is increasingly being
recognized.
 This involves not only core disciplines such as computing,
informatics, and statistics, but also the broad-based fields of
business, social science, and health/medical science.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 In the world of digital electronic systems, there
are four basic kinds of devices:
 Memory,
 Microprocessors,
 Logic, and
 Networks.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 Memory devices store random information such as the
contents of a spreadsheet or database.
 Microprocessors execute software instructions to
perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a word
processing program or video game.
 Logic devices provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing, data communication,
signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a system
must perform.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Emerging Technologies
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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 The network is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An
excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
connects millions of people all over the world
 Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate
field programmable logic devices (FPGAs), complex
programmable logic devices (CPLD) and programmable logic
devices (PLD). There are also devices that are the analog
equivalent of these called field-programmable analog arrays.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)

Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?

• Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a
set of instructions. Many electronic devices are computers that
perform only one operation, but they are still following
instructions that reside permanently in the unit.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
Some of Programmable devices are:
 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers

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 Human to Machine Interaction
 Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a human and a
machine via a user interface.
 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have
gained increasing attention as they allow humans to
control machines through natural and intuitive
behaviors

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 HCI-Human to Machine Interaction
What is interaction in human-computer interaction?
 HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of
how people interact with computers and to what
extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings.
 As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
 the user,
 the computer itself, and
 the ways they work together.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
 The user interacts with the computer over this software interface using
the given input and output (I/O) hardware.
How important is human-computer interaction?
 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and
computers by making computers more user-friendly and receptive to
the user's needs.
 The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment &
operations and cost savings for smaller set-ups.
 They also reduce solution design time and integration complexity.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction.
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working, and
capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future
of you and your business
 Emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and more each
day. These are very high-level emerging technologies though.
 They sound like tools that will only affect the top tier of technology
companies who employ the world’s top 1% of geniuses. This is totally
wrong.
 Chatbots, virtual/augmented reality, blockchain, Ephemeral Apps and
Artificial Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it
or not.
 At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die.

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