Recommendations for a Disaster Resilient Nation 1,2,12,13,14,17,20,24,28,29

Question 1

Whereas most people try to be proactive in preventing disaster from touching their lives,
governments have been historically reactionary when it comes to disaster management response.
Jeong, Yak-yong, a renowned Korean scholar and government official in the late Joseon
Dynasty, said, “Always prepare for disaster because an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
cure.” This notion is wise and poignant; however, it seems difficult to follow as society is
becoming more complex, interconnected, and ripe for new types of disasters with intricate and
devastating ripple effects.

True

False

Question 2

The statistical analysis of the disasters from 1948 to 2015 in Korea shows that their distribution
follows the Power Law, which means that catastrophic events causing severe human or physical
damage can occur at any time as the occurrence probability of an event located in the long tail
never converges into zero, even though the probability is low. What does this mean?

It means that an event cannot happen at any time as it does not adhere to the average scale

It means that an event can happen at any time, and may have an impact that has never been
witnessed before as it does not adhere to the average scale

It means that an event can happen at any time, and may have an impact that has been witnessed
before as it adheres to the average scale

It means that an event can happen at any time, and may have an impact that has never been
witnessed before as it does not adhere to the power-law distribution

Question 3

Governments and society should do what to prepare for the focusing events located in the long
tail of the Power-law Distribution; “low frequency and high social impact.”

reduce the probability of disaster by sporadically performing safety checks and diagnostics, and
increase initial response capacity so that accidents do not evolve into a national emergency
 reduce the probability of disaster by thoroughly performing safety checks and diagnostics, and
increase initial response capacity so that accidents do not evolve into a local crisis

reduce the probability of disaster by selectively performing safety checks and drills, and increase
initial response capacity so that accidents do not evolve into a national emergency

reduce the probability of disaster by thoroughly performing safety checks and diagnostics, and
increase initial response capacity so that accidents do not evolve into a national emergency

Question 4

The future Disaster Risk Management system should aim at the principle of comprehensiveness:
dealing with all types of disaster risk; facilitating a unity of efforts of all stakeholders, such as
central governments, local governments, and civil groups; and covering the entire cycle of
disaster management processes.

False

True

Question 5

A balanced investment in the entire phases of disaster management; prevention-preparedness-

response-recovery, and a unity of efforts by all stakeholders are also required to secure effective
Disaster Risk Management. In particular, the investment for disaster prevention and
preparedness should be strengthened at only the national level.

False

True

Question 6

The United States has been putting priority on strengthening the capacity of national disaster
preparedness; likewise, the Korean government should put more stress on improving
preparedness at local levels. Howitt and Leonard insisted that effective response modes should
be developed and exercised to fit what two types of emergencies

usual and turbulence

habitual and calmness

routine and crisis

atypical and crisis

7.

Question 7

For routine emergencies that have been experienced in the past, a detailed response plan,
repetitive field training, and joint exercise among response agencies are essential for an effective
future response. For crisis emergencies that are generally new types of disasters, it is important
to develop an “adaptive response capacity” throughout all responding organizations so that they
can cope with any unforeseen circumstance.

1 point

True

False

8.

Question 8

In the event of a disaster, the accountable agencies in Korea, including the site response agencies
should efficiently mobilize all resources in accordance with the principles of standardization.
What else should they do?

1 point
work independently in a flexible way for an effective response to rescue victims, to support
survivors, to restore damaged facilities, and to prevent the diffusion of disaster damage

work together in a flexible way for an effective response to rescue victims, to support
survivors, to restore damaged facilities, and to prevent the diffusion of disaster damage

work together in a flexible way for an effective response to rescue victims, to support rescue
agencies, to restore damaged facilities, and to build back better

work together in a flexible way for an effective response to rescue victims, to support survivors,
to restore damaged facilities, and to diffuse disaster damage

9.

Question 9

The national government’s role in Disaster Risk Management should be shifted from a facilitator
to a comprehensive service provider, supporting all stakeholders for developing their capacities
in coping with disasters.

1 point

True

False

Question 10

What is an excellent case of how a company can successfully overcome the shock of a
catastrophe using Business Continuity Management?

Samsung Group
 Goldman Sachs

Chase Bank

Morgan Stanley

Question 11

The Korean government should develop a check and balance system in the field of disaster and
safety management based on the principle of the third party inspection and nurture professional
officials to implement the check and balance system in all relevant ministries and agencies.

1 point

True

False

Question 12

Industry promotion aims to generate economic profit according to market principles. Disaster
and safety management should aim to secure safety through regulation in the area of high market
failure. If industry promotion and disaster and safety management are dealt with at the same
agency, it will cause a lot of synergy between industry promotion and disaster and safety
management.

1 point

True

False
Question 13

The Korean governments should contemplate a measure to ensure the independence and
transparency of disaster and safety management duties. A check and balance system must be
urgently secured based on third-party inspection principles.

1 point

False

True

Question 14

The Korean government should leave the capacity development in DRM fields to the academia
because there are enough disaster and safety experts and government officials in Korea.

True

False

Question 15

Risk analysis has recently become an important discipline in Disaster Risk Management, which
provides a useful basis for developing mitigation policies, emergency preparedness, and response
and recovery plans. In fact, FEMA called for emergency managers to use sound risk-
management principles when assigning priorities and resources. The Korean government should
also develop a reasonable policy prioritization and resource allocation system based on risk
analysis at the national level. With regards to the risk-based approach, what should the Korean
government do at the local level?

1 point

It should support the local government’s improvement of citizenry education, voluntary hazard
identification, and structural countermeasures.

It should support the local government’s improvement of disaster management capacities,

voluntary hazard identification, and vulnerability assessment.
It should support local government elections that focus on the improvement of disaster
management capacities, voluntary hazard identification, and structural countermeasures.

It should support the local government’s improvement of disaster management through grants,
and voluntary hazard identification and vulnerability assessment through national applications.

16.

Question 16

Institutional and policy systems for Disaster Risk Management are important components of
‘good governance,’ and should be guided by the same basic principles: accountability,
participation, rule of law, effectiveness, and sustainability. In order to improve risk management,
sound public-private partnerships are needed, which can only be found at the national level in
earnest. In Korea, there are a few examples at the local level that involve stake-holders, but these
still remain in pilot stages due to insufficient resources and limited links to national strategies. To
get these examples beyond the pilot stage, the Korean Ministry of Interior and Safety needs to
emphasize three things: good practices need to be documented and replicated, strong
partnerships between all stakeholders need to be built, and specialized funds for nation-wide risk
governance need to be popularized and obtainable.

1 point

False

True

17.

Question 17

In Korea, there have been efforts to predict damage and analyze risk in some disaster types such
as flood, drought, and earthquake. However, these analysis technologies are in the early stage of
development; it will take time to put them into practical usage. Also, what has not been
attempted yet?

1 point
the development of a system for assessing the risk of disasters across the country or community

the development of a manual for responding to disasters across the country or community

the development of a manual for responding to flood across the country or community

the development of a system for assessing the risk of earthquake

18.

Question 18

Risk governance should be improved in order to centralize the accountability of all sectors and to
enhance the independence of all stakeholders.

1 point

False

True

19.

Question 19

Institutional and policy systems for Disaster Risk Management are important components of
‘good governance’, and should be guided by the same basic principles:

1 point

command, evaluation, rule of law, and effectiveness and sustainability

accountability, participation, rule of law, and effectiveness and sustainability

accountability, command, rule of law, effectiveness and economic development

accountability, command, control, effectiveness and economic development

20.

Question 20

An effective disaster response system should be developed on the basis of the field-based
approach, which means that answers to all occurring problems can be found in the field and the
problem-solving process of all disasters must start in the field.

1 point

True

False

21.

Question 21

Strengthening the disaster response capabilities of local government officials is one of the least
urgent tasks because their response capacities are the strongest compared to those of the first
responders, such as fire fighters and police.

1 point

False
True

22.

Question 22

What are urgently required to improve the local governments’ disaster response capabilities?

1 point

establish a penalty system for the people who actively worked on disaster response but fail to
prevent the damage, and expand the recruitment of disaster specialists

establish a penalty system for the people who actively worked on disaster response but fail to
prevent the damage, and expand the recruitment of disaster volunteers

establish a penalty exemption system for the people who actively worked on disaster response but
fail to prevent the damage, and reduce the recruitment of disaster specialists

establish a penalty exemption system for the people who actively worked on disaster response but
fail to prevent the damage, and expand the recruitment of disaster specialists

Question 23

It is important, according to Moynihan, that the organizations should build a network governance
to carry out the two tasks of mutual collaboration and coherent response that are seemingly
contradictory to each other. What is the most feasible means to set up this up under the current
Korean system?

1 point

response agencies work together in case of emergencies based on the principle of disaster
mitigation and relief regulated in the Disasters and Safety Act

response agencies work together in case of emergencies based on the principle of disaster
mitigation and recovery regulated in the Disasters and Safety Act
response agencies work independently in case of emergencies based on the principle of disaster
response and cooperation regulated in the Disasters and Safety Act

response agencies work together in case of emergencies based on the principle of disaster
response and cooperation regulated in the Disasters and Safety Act

24.

Question 24

In accordance with this objective, all related organizations in the region should jointly identify
hazard and assess the vulnerability and intensive risk, and then work together to establish a
collective network through joint training and exercise. The participation of volunteer groups
should also be secured to this collaborative network.

1 point

True

False

25.

Question 25

In what is being touted as the upcoming fourth industrial revolution, Science, Technology and
Innovation may provide enhanced DRM tools such as real-time hazard detection using multi-
sensors or intelligent Closed-Circuit Television monitors, big data analysis to accurately predict
and minimize damage, and enhanced Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and imaging equipment as
effective on-site response and recovery aids.

1 point

True

False
26.

Question 26

Why should Korea work together with other nations to achieve common goals in line with the
SFDRR, SDG, CC and other international agendas; as well as, contributing to establishing a
joint-response system against global risk?

1 point

because good disaster management means one nation can sort out its own problem and survive

because the paradigm of disaster management is beyond the age in which one nation can sort out
its own problem and survive

because the paradigm of disaster management is at an age in which nations can sort out its own
problem and survive

because the study of disaster management lies in the age in which one nation can sort out its own
problem and survive

27.

Question 27

Due to the increasing interconnectivity of each nation, a disaster in one nation shocks other
countries, which in turn affects the global economy. In an era of “global risk,” global cooperation
among developed countries, developing countries, and less/least developed countries is needed
urgently. In particular, developed countries have to move away from the concept of supplying
aid that focuses on LDCs investing in only economic growth to funds that focus on disaster
resilient growth in line with sustainable development goals.

1 point

True
False

28.

Question 28

In disaster management, it is important to recognize the significance of the global agenda and
note that the international community lives in an important age in which DRM no longer needs
to work as a medium for a safer and sustainable world.

1 point

True

False

29.

Question 29

DRM leaders should prepare for the New Normal Era, when what were once considered extreme
events become a possibility of the norm in the “New Normal,” additionally, national policy
frameworks should recognize the importance of DRM as an important tool in the achievement of
the strategic national growth goal.

1 point

False

True

Honor Code Agreement

I, Aptu Andy Kurniawan

Evolutionary Trajectory

Question 1

During such historical catastrophic epics like Noah’s Great Flood, the Great Fire of Rome in AD
64, and the Black Death in medieval Europe, tens of thousands of people perished; however,
neither the government nor the people contemplated the root causes of the disaster. True or False

True

False

Question 2

Why in ancient times was the root cause of a disaster not considered an important societal or
academic pursuit?

To consider the root cause of a disaster was infringing upon the domain of God and that was
considered a sin in and of itself.

There was no reason to ponder the root cause, as prayer was the vital prescription to overcome
God punishing sinners.

An effort to prepare countermeasures against God’s method of punishment and preparations to

overcome the result of God’s disasters was enough to know the root cause.

People believed that if God wished for them to know the root cause, God would have told them.

Question 3

The Roman Emperor Nero organized a professional fire brigade as well as vigilantes to monitor
different areas of Rome. True or False

1 point

False

True
Question 4

The Roman Emperor Augustus’s 1,000 strong vigilantes; who were responsible for the seven
quadrants of the city and the 14 administrative districts of Rome, were responsible for what.

Preventing, monitoring, and extinguishing threatening fires within their designated area of
responsibility.

Preventing fires and implementing the new building codes within their designated area of
responsibility.

Preventing and extinguishing fires and making the city fire retardant within their designated area of
responsibility.

Preventing, monitoring, and extinguishing threatening fires within the city.

Question 5

In AD 64, a massive conflagration broke out in Rome. In the wake of the disaster, the ruling
Emperor, Nero, instituted a series of building codes to prevent the recurrence of disastrous fires,
which included the use of geometric architectural forms and open spaces to prevent the rapid
spread of a future fire. True or False

False

True

Question 6

In the 14th century, a pandemic swept across Europe. How did the medical community acerbate
the situation; causing countless more deaths?

Medical doctors still believed that the atonement of sins was the only way to treat a pandemic

Medical doctors were cognizant of the cause of the disease but chose to use ancient methods to
treat illnesses, which resulted in many people going insane
 Medical doctors were ignorant of the cause of the disease and thus implemented inappropriate
response methods, which resulted in the spread and mutation of the pathogen

Medical doctors used surgical procedures to cure the disease, which caused many people to die due
to their immature anesthetic understanding

Question 7

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake; called the Great Lisbon Earthquake caused scientific methods to be
adopted by the disaster management community. True or False

False

True

Question 8

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake caused people to move away from what and towards what?

People began to move away from the inaction-centered disaster management and toward action-
centered disaster management.

People began to move away from the god-centered disaster management and toward people-
centered disaster management.

People began to move away from the atonement-centered disaster management and toward
people-centered disaster management.

People began to move away from the god-centered disaster management and toward government-
centered disaster management.

Question 9

The way humans have responded to disaster has evolved: starting from praying to Gods for
countermeasures; to understanding hazard through research on natural phenomenon, such as
earthquakes and hurricanes; and to reducing vulnerabilities, a disaster-causing factor embedded
in society through human endeavor. True or False

True
 False

Question 10

What are the characteristics of disasters in contemporary society?

Predictability, Progressivity, and Heterogeneous

Insecurity, Accumulation, and Intricacy

Uncertainty, Cumulatively, and Complexity

Improbability, Regressivity, and Simplicity

Conceptual framework for disaster risk management

Total points 10

1.

Question 1

In modern times, researchers and government officials have developed diverse definitions about
risk to reflect the nature of its variety. Of the following examples, which one is not being used to
define the risk in modern times?

1 point

Risk is composed of (1) the probability and frequency of a hazard occurring, (2) the level of
exposure of people and property to the hazard, and (3) the effects or costs, both direct and
indirect, of this exposure

Threat to nature and magnitude; vulnerability to a threat; and consequence that could result
The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss resulting from interactions between
natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions

A natural phenomena caused by the action or inaction of people and that brings a society or
peoples to seek atonement for past sins

2.

Question 2

Quarantelli in 1998 viewed that a crisis of a certain organization appears in three following
interrelated conditions: Of the three, which one is not one of quarantelli’s

1 point

A type of threat including organizational value

A type of threat excluding organizational value

A sudden occurrence of an unexpected event

A need to respond collectively as the outcome may seem more negative otherwise

3.

Question 3

When the Korean Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety was enacted in
2004, the act categorized disasters into three types. Which one of choices includes all three
types?

1 point
Disasters triggered by natural hazard, human-caused incidents, and Social disasters caused by the
the State's structural systems.

Disasters triggered by natural hazard, Human-caused disasters, and Social disasters caused by the
paralyzation of the State's structural systems.

Disasters triggered by natural hazard, Human-caused disasters, and Social disasters caused by the
paralyzation of the State's critical systems.

Disasters triggered by natural hazard, Human-caused disasters, and Social disasters caused by the
State's critical systems.

4.

Question 4

In general, when disaster occurs, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
perceives the impact as having

1 point

Exceeded the ability of the affected community or society to cope using internal finances.

Exceeded the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources

Exceeded the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its human capacities.

Exceeded the ability of the affected community or society to cope using international aide.

5.
Question 5

When was the first appearance of the definition of disaster in Korean law?

1 point

The 1976 Countermeasures against Typhoons and Floods Act, where the Korean word for
disaster “jaehae ” was defined.

The 1976 Countermeasures against Typhoons and Floods Act, where the Korean word for
disaster “jaenan ” was defined.

The 1967 Countermeasures against Typhoons and Floods Act, where the Korean word for
disaster “jaenan ” was defined.

The 1967 Countermeasures against Typhoons and Floods Act, where the Korean word for
disaster “jaehae ” was defined.

6.

Question 6

Korea, the USA, and Japan have commonly referred to “disaster” as “what is triggered by :
natural, human-caused or social hazards.”

1 point

True

False

7.
Question 7

In Korea, the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety defines disaster as
“what causes or is likely to cause any harm to the lives, bodies, and property of the State.”

1 point

True

False

8.

Question 8

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction perceives disaster as a serious disruption
of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, or fertile
land losses and impacts.

1 point

True

False

9.

Question 9

‘Disaster’ is not just a ‘technical’ issue, but should be understood as a social, economic and
environmental issue.

1 point

True
False

10.

Question 10

The purpose of the major disaster declaration in the Stafford Act is to supplement the efforts and
available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating
the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering.

1 point

True

False

Prevention and Mitigation

Latest Submission Grade

70%

1.

Question 1

The Korean safety diagnosis system aims to help local governments understand their safety level
and strengthen resilience autonomously through a publication of a local safety index, which is
composed of 7 sectors and includes a safety range from one to five: one being best and five being
worst.

1 / 1 point

Correct

2.

Question 2

As of March 2018, the seven sectors of the Korean safety diagnosis system are
1 / 1 point

Correct

3.

Question 3

The Ministry of Interior and Safety is supporting the provincial and local governments by
providing consulting and financial support. The consulting is composed of identifying the
vulnerable sectors, analyzing the safety situation and setting up risk reduction targets and
policies.

1 / 1 point

Correct

4.

Question 4

As of March 2018, the Korean government made available safety information in the form of a
map showing risk factors in how many categories

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

5.

Question 5

The map made available by Korean government is accessible through the Internet and mobile
devices, and provides customized service for vulnerable groups such as children, women, and
immigrants.

1 / 1 point

Correct

6.

Question 6

The safety e-report by the Korean government is a system that any citizen can report dangerous
elements found in their daily life through the Safety Reporting System portal or Mobile
Application. On receiving the report by a citizen, the administrative agencies fix the situation
promptly.

1 / 1 point
Correct

7.

Question 7

The Korean government is promoting public safety education based on the human life cycle or
the different stages of life. For this, the National Safety Education Basic Laws was enacted in
May 2016, which regulates the Safety Education Basic Plan and includes what

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

8.

Question 8

For Infants and Preschool children, what will the National Safety Education curriculum not
include

1 / 1 point

Correct

9.

Question 9

For Adolescents, the National Safety Education curriculum will include the prevention of
incidents in school and safe outdoor activities.

1 / 1 point

Correct

10.

Question 10

For young-adults and middle-aged people, what will the National Safety Education curriculum
not focus on?

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

Disaster Risk Management

Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a social disaster in Korea?

Chemical accidents and building collapses

Technological hazards and wide-spread power shortage
Water pollution and large-scale fires
Yellow dust and red tide
1 / 1 point

Correct

Question 2

The purpose of disaster management is to improve the quality of life of citizens. Which of the
following is furthest to achieving this purpose?

By eliminating catastrophic events

By managing and mitigating the impact
By recovering from the damage
By preparing for and responding to emergencies, and by recovering from the damage

Question 3

Disaster management structural measures include the following except

Hardware countermeasures
Constructing levees and dams
Reinforcing buildings against earthquakes
Building a safety culture

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

Question 4
Disaster management’s Mitigation phase is a strategy to eliminate or reduce risk before it happens.
Which of the following is not part of the mitigation phase?

Building floodways to move water away from areas sensitive to damage

Developing risk maps and land use planning
Retrofitting property against earthquake damage
Preparing emergency resources and re-engineering environmentally sensitive areas

Question 5

The response phase is composed of the following, expect

Evacuating at-risk citizens

Search and rescue efforts
Implementing Emergency Support Functions
Setting up risk communication systems in advance

Question 6

Non-structural measures for disaster management include education, training, and planning.
True or False

1 / 1 point

Correct

Question 7

Petak, an American scholar, categorized disaster management into five phases in 1985. True or
False

1 / 1 point

Correct

Question 8
Preparedness is a strategy to have equipment and procedures available when a disaster strikes.
True or False

1 / 1 point

Correct

Question 9

Recovery including disaster relief is the phase of disaster management that is the most visible by
the public. True or False

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

Question 10

The main focus of the recovery phase is to develop and implement recovery plans as soon as
possible. True or False

0 / 1 point

Incorrect

Conceptual framework for disaster risk management

Latest Submission Grade

30%
1.
Question 1

In modern times, researchers and government officials have developed diverse definitions about
risk to reflect the nature of its variety. Of the following examples, which one is not being used to
define the risk in modern times?

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
2.
Question 2

Quarantelli in 1998 viewed that a crisis of a certain organization appears in three following
interrelated conditions: Of the three, which one is not one of quarantelli’s
0 / 1 point
Incorrect
3.
Question 3

When the Korean Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety was enacted in
2004, the act categorized disasters into three types. Which one of choices includes all three
types?

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
4.
Question 4

In general, when disaster occurs, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
perceives the impact as having

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
5.
Question 5

When was the first appearance of the definition of disaster in Korean law?

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
6.
Question 6

Korea, the USA, and Japan have commonly referred to “disaster” as “what is triggered by :
natural, human-caused or social hazards.”

1 / 1 point
Correct
7.
Question 7

In Korea, the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety defines disaster as
“what causes or is likely to cause any harm to the lives, bodies, and property of the State.”

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
8.
Question 8
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction perceives disaster as a serious disruption
of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, or fertile
land losses and impacts.

0 / 1 point
Incorrect
9.
Question 9

‘Disaster’ is not just a ‘technical’ issue, but should be understood as a social, economic and
environmental issue.

1 / 1 point
Correct
10.
Question 10

The purpose of the major disaster declaration in the Stafford Act is to supplement the efforts and
available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating
the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering.

1 / 1 point
Correct