Short

Questions And
Their Answers

Public Policy

Name: Noman Sheikh

Roll No:19844

Submitted To: Dr Nadeem Nazir(Prof)

1: What is the most fundamental question in public policy?

If you're asking what the fundamental question is that public policy poses, than the
answer would have to be "what method(s) would create the most efficient and effective
government.

2: What is the difference between public policy and public administration?

Public Policy is primarily within the the field of Political Science. It would include a very
comprehensive analysis involving many variables and academic disciplines. However, it
is not taught in that manner. You also must compromise on your values when you are a
politician

3: How is public policy related to public administration?

Public Administration as studied in college or grad school has very little to do with
public policy as most would define public policy. Public policy is much more political in
nature. So if you want to study public policy you would be better off studying political
science. Think of Public Administration is much more like Business Administration only
directed towards the public sector

4: What are the similarities between the public policy and private policy?

Policies are essentially formal plans that an individual or, more often, an organization
lays out for aspects of its future actions. This is true for any organization, public or
private. The policies are generally formulated in response to a problem that decision-
makers of the organization recognize or foresee and are put into place as a set of orders
for members of the organization to follow in their behavior in order to address or
remove the problem.

5: What differs social policy from public policy?

Social policy often deals with issues involving social justice, while public policy deals
with market failures. The tools that can be utilized to diagnose the problems in each,
and to offer viable solutions, are distinct in social policy and public policy.

6: How do public policy and social work differ?

Public policy is study of government proposed or adopted actions. Public can deal
action that related peoples welfare and some policy may not deal with welfare of
people. Social work carry out and enforce policies that deal with human welfare. Also,
some social work can act as counselors

7: What is the difference between public policy and political science?

Public Policy is applied political science. You take a political system as a given and study
how to implement public policy within it. In the preliminary stage, you’ll look at how to
evaluate different policies and, in the latter stages, how to implement them.

Political Science, on the other hand, is, partially, a study of how to design agencies
responsible for managing resources. The goal here is to look at how effective given
structures are in providing an environment in which public policy can be implemented.
Political science is much broader but is, partially, a study of structure in government.

8: What is the difference between Politics and Policy?

Politics is saying/doing what helps you get elected or re-elected, regardless of the net
benefit to the country or whatever jurisdiction you represent.

Policy should be decision-making based on real analysis of who benefits and how much,
in the short, medium, and long term, regardless of popularity.

9: What is the relationship between foreign policy and public policy?

Improving the quality of life of its citizens is the prime objective of any state. Quality of
life depends upon and consists of several things ranging from protection from external
aggression, ensuring law and order, improving standards of living and creating harmony
among different sections of the people. For this purpose, a state formulates several
national policies. Foreign policy is one component of this set of national policies.

A country’s foreign policy can be defined as the strategies chosen by it to safeguard its
national interests and to achieve its goals by interacting with other countries and with
non-state actors.

10: What is the benefit of foreign policy?

To establish lines of communication between countries. And to establish what the

president wants his or her foreign policy to be. And the ambassadors carry out the
presidents foreign policy.
11: What are some examples of foreign policy?

War!

This is the largest foreign policy a country can do. Thus most nations have armed forces
of some form. Sending your troops in to enforce your dictats is the ultimate foreign
policy. Nations form alliances to increase their strength especially when dealing with
others. NATO has a policy that an attack on one member is an attack on another. Thus a
NATO member is much stronger together, than one who is a non member.

Trade

Nations sell stuff. And a lot of money is involved. Nations tax this in some form, and also
have regulations about import of goods. For some nations lack of trade would decimate
them - i.e. New Zealand. Thus nations trade policy will be a major part of their foreign
policy.

12: What are some examples of public policy and laws that produced totally
unexpected results?

Almost all communist dictatorial regimes have fascinating stories that can be
transformed into engaging motion pictures. Nikolai Ceausescu's Romania was no
different.

13: What are some examples of public policy issues?

This is an old problem, one of the oldest problems the public has ever known, so it’ll
take a little explaining.

You’ve got a kingdom, right.

Most everyone is happily employed. The farmers harvest grain. The fishermen bring in
fish. Candlemakers make candles. Everyone is doing all right, but, when they arrive at the
market there’s an issue.

14: What are the different types of public policy?

There are probably as many different types of public policy as there are analytic interests
in the general subject. However, for starters the most common typologies generally
divide into substantive policies and types based on who the beneficiaries of policies are. 
15: What is public policy typology?

As you can imagine, public policies cover a wide range of subjects. One would expect
that different policies about different subjects might have certain similarities within
subject area that would distinguish them from policies in other areas. 

16: What are the characteristics of public policy?

Public Policy is a formal documented statement of intentions and sets of actions of a

government to either remove certain deficiencies or improve the conditions in any
particular area of concern/interest. Thomas Dye defines it as  “Whatever governments
choose to do or not to do”

17: What exactly is Public Policy and what do Public Policy scholars do?

This is an interesting and important question. I have encountered many students who
mistakenly think of public policy as a field of knowledge. That is, the task at hand is to
learn about policy. This is possible, though largely pointless with few benefits for society.

18: What is the scope for a Master's in Public Policy?

A public policy degree is important to understand public policy and governance in India
and is an essential part when it comes to preparing students to deal with some of
society's major problems. 

19: What are job prospects for a master's in public policy?

A great career choice, indeed!

Public policy is a new discipline in many countries of the developing world. While
countries like India are warming up to it, non-profit organizations, consulting firms,
international organizations, and governments too are equally looking for groomed
professionals to join.

20: What are some bad public policies?

It is also controversial to call policy "bad" policy because it might not be "bad" for all
parties. It is also difficult to call something "bad policy" if you cannot define what is "bad
policy". But one potential parameter of "bad policy" is unintended consequence. In
other words, what outcome did a policy create that clearly was unintended, unknown, or
unplanned.

One such policy is high taxation or prohibition of "sin" products or services with alcohol
and tobacco being the primary examples. On the one hand, you create revenue from
these products, but the unintended consequence is the encouragement of unlawful
activity, in this case, smuggling of tobacco products from a state of low taxes to one of
high taxes

21:How to model socio-economic development?

It proposes a regional (municipal) development (socioeconomic) index and deals with

some other interesting aspects of economic development at the territorial level.

22: Can hapiness be the ultimate goal of public policy?

Not until there is a more equal distribution of wealth across nations.

23: What is Green Governance and what are its conditions or circumstances?

It depends where the Green Governance has to be applied: within a community, a state,
a country or inside a company or even in a non-governmental organization. In each
context, there is always a notion of "sustainability" with "less pressure" on the
environment. Now, it depends where such policy of green governance is going to be
implemented, then the conditions could be very different.

24: What trends are important to watch for students of public policy?

Some of the trends I find most interesting are the intersections of climate policy
(mitigation and adaptation) with energy, water, and food policy. These can be further
intersected with environmental justice. There are many unknowns here and uncovering
these unknowns will be crucial to safeguarding life and property.

25: What is the importance of Government and Public Policy and how does good
Public Policy becomes bad policy?

Public policy decisions are primarily made to improve the health, safety and well-being
of citizens, and may set standards for educational institutions, transportation operations
and housing facilities.

26: How does governance issues, capacity and infrastructure and technology
affect public policy?

Depending on basic date affairs is ground on domestic and international policy making
offering training from various filed such as law and constitutional and regulation which
are general authorized by legislation.

27: How useful is it to involve representative and public bodies (such as

chambers) in policy making?
The participation of public bodies such as workers unions and chambers is useful becau
se knowledgeable public parciptiation helps the government to let errors not occur.

28: Why do many people wrongly believe that economics is a value-free science?

Because Economics has a large group of scientists from different fields working on its pr
inciples.

29: In the situation of a balanced state budget, should housing policy and social
policy be developed on a large scale?

I think, both housing policy and social policy are important. But social policy is more
necessary in a balanced state budget.

30: What can the nature of values in the public administration be?

The civil service is the trustee of the public trust. Citizens rely on the commitment of
officials to work for the general interest, demonstrating impartiality and daily
administering public resources appropriately. Fair and reliable public administration
inspires confidence to the public and create a favorable business climate, thus
contributing to the smooth functioning of markets and the growth of the eEthics in
government is needed to strengthen the confidence of the public; it is the cornerstone of
good governance.conomy.

31:Which one of following is the correct translation of Henri Fayol’s book, Administration
and Industrielle et Generale ? 
Answer: General and Industrial Management

Mary Parker Follett believed in the idea that power is a source of :1

Answer: Ability to make things happen

 The discovery and application of Universal and Scientific administrative principles that
can improve any organisation’s efficiency and effectiveness, is called :
Answer: Administrative Management Theory

The essay entitled ‘The Science of Public Administration : Three Problems’ was
authored by :
Answer: Robert Dahl
Which of the following is not included in the driving needs of the self-actualizers by
Abraham Maslow ?
Answer: Dependency

Who among the following treated administrative system as ‘Steady State’ system?
Answer: Max Weber

Which of the following statements is correct about the human relations movement?
Answer: Workers’ productivity is not the result of working conditions but the result of
emotional response of the workers to the work performed

Which one of the following is not a merit of Centralization?

Answer: Effective Communication

Which one of following has major impact on Herbert Simon, when he was writing
‘Administrative Behavior’?
Answer: Chester I. Barnard

According to Karl Marx, which of the following is not the correct source of historical
origin of bureaucracy?
Answer: Agriculture

Which of the following statements about the merits of comparative public administration
is not correct?
Answer: It has constrained the philosophical horizon of the students and administrators

Which one of the following is incorrect regarding the characteristics of Sale Model as
enunciated by Riggs?
Answer: Absence of polynormativity

Which one of the following U.S. Agencies manages the civil services of Federal
Government ?
Answer: Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Which one of following statements is not correct about the Civil Service Code of United
Kingdom ?
Answer: It covers disagreements about the merits of policy and management decisions.

Which one of the following is not an administrative feature of developing countries ?

Answer: Dominance of specialists in administratioN

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development commenced lending for India in
the year :
Answer: 1949

 Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board in India View Answer
Answer: Cabinet Secretary

Cabinet Secretariat is :
Answer: Staff agency

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission on “Organizational Structure of

Government of India” has recommended that the number of levels through which a file
passes for a decision should not exceed
Answer: Three

Which one of the following departments of Ministry of Finance is responsible for the
preparation of budget of Government of India ?
Answer: The Department of Economic Affairs

Ajay Tyagi Committee set up under Department of Economic Affairs recommended for
which of the following ?
Answer: Setting up of Financial Data Management Centre (FDMC)

Which of the following is a subject included in the concurrent List of Schedule 7 of the
Constitution
Answer: Population Control
Training framework of the Probationers of Indian Foreign Services as per the framework
of the Ministry of External Affairs should not exceed a total period of :
Answer: 15 months

Which one of the following district is the smallest by territorial area in India as per 2011
census ?
Answer: Mahe

Who narrated this statement, “Finance is as universally involved in administration as

oxygen is in the atmosphere “ ?
Answer: Morstein Marx

The Second Commission on Centre State Relations Known as the Punchhi Commission
was appointed in the year :
Answer: 2007

Which of the following is not a department of the Ministry of Home Affairs ?

Answer: Department of Social Defence

Who among the following is not part of the collegium recommended by the Second
Administrative Reforms Commission to recommend a panal of names to the Chief
Minister/ Cabinet for the post of Chief Secretary ?
Answer: Speaker of the State Legislative Assembly

Who defined research as “manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose
of generalizing, to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in
construction of theory or practice of an art” ?
Answer: Slesinger and M. Stephenson

Folk Wisdom prevalent in a culture :

Answer: Denotes that value orientation of a culture is source of hypotheses
‘March rush’ a term used in budgetary practices is caused by
Answer: Rule of lapse

Raising the level of nutrition and the standard of living and improving public health is the
duty of the state under which of the provisions of the Constitution of India ?
Answer: Article 47

5 How many members in total from the categories of scheduled castes, scheduled
tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women can be appointed to Lokpal in
India as per the provisions of Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 ?
Answer: Not less than four

Which one of the following states has the highest level of police density as per National
Crime Records Bureau Report (2011) ?
Answer: Mizoram

Which one of the following institutions for promoting horizontal accountability is outside
the executive branch of the state ?
Answer: Central Bureau of Investigation

Which one of following is a random sampling ?

Answer: Multistage sampling

Research studies discovering and testing association of certain variables is known as

Answer: Diagnostic studies

 Which one of the following characteristics of scientific method gets reflected in the
statement “Science never imposes anything, science states. Science aims at nothing
but making true and adequate statements about its objects.” ?
Answer: Ethical neutrality

Which one of the following is not a major bibliography style ?

Answer: United Press International Style (UPI)

Who among the following has identified development administration as ‘administration

of planned change’ ?
Answer: V.A. Panandikar
Research in Comparative Public Administration should focus on all of the input
conversion and output aspect of the administrative system.’ Who among following made
this statement ?
Answer: John T. Dorsey, Jr

Which is not correct regarding the focus of ‘Neo-liberal Model’ of development?

Answer: Ensuring micro-economic stability

In U.S.A., which of following Act prohibited the civil servants to engage in political activities
while performing duties ?

Answer: The Hatch Act

The digital era has ushered in a new kind of journalism in which citizens play a greater
role in news making for development of society. This is known as ?
Answer: Citizen Journalism

Which of the following institution and mechanism outside the state is considered highly
effective for promoting accountability by the second administrative reforms commission
Answer: Elections

The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and wildlife of the
country.’ This is reflected in which of the following ?
Answer: Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method ?

Answer: Intra subjectivity

Conducting literature review in a research study does not refer to

Answer: Testing hypotheses of the proposed research study.

Closed ended questions entail

Answer: Fixed range of answers
Which one of following is not correct about Endnotes and Footnotes while writing a
research paper ?
Answer: Personal observations/comments cannot be expressed in endnotes and
footnotes.

Who among following emphasizes the importance of learning from different experiences
to evolve a meaningful methodology to understand the contextual particularities of
comparative public administration is varied socio-economic and political
circumstances ?
Answer: Third Minnowbrook Conference

Which one of the following is not included in 4Ps through which Donald Stone analysed
Development administration ?
Answer: Performance

In most of the states of United States of America, the lowest local government authority
is known as
Answer: Counties

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Ministry of Tribal Affairs,
Government of India ?
Answer: It was carved out from the Ministry of Social Welfare.

The Central Public Sector Enterprises are classified into strategic and non-strategic
enterprises. Which of the following is not classified as strategic Public Sector
Enterprise ?
Answer: Iron and Steel

Which of the following is not a goal of Decentralization ?

Answer: Aiming at decreasing role of sub-ordinates.

 Which one of the objectives behind setting up of State Finance Commission is not
correct ?
Answer: It would bring greater clarify to the functional responsibilities of the local
governments.
Which is not a ground for the courts to intervene in the administrative cases ?
Answer: Matters notified under the IX schedule of the constitution

Which Prime Minister of Britain established a cabinet secretariat to organize the

business of the war cabinet and to serve the committee of Imperial Defence ?
Answer: Lloyd George

World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced?

Answer: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

A statutory National Commission for Minorities was constituted for the first time in
which year?
Answer: 1993