FACULTY OF SCIENCE

Bachelor of Science (Hons) Chemistry

Name: OH ZI YI 1802711
Experiment: Experiment 10
Title: Solution- Construction of Solubility curve for potassium
chlorate
Date of experiment: 11.02.2020
Date of submission: 25.02.2020
Practical Group: P3
Lecturer: Ms Chang Chew Chean
Lab Partner: Chan Yong Li
1.0 Title: Solution- Construction of Solubility curve for potassium chlorate
2.0 Objective:
 To construct the solubility curve for potassium chlorate.
3.0 Introduction:
A solution is homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where
the proportions of which may vary between certain limits. The following types
of mixtures may form:
1. gas in gas,
2. gas in liquid,
3. liquid in liquid, and
4. solid in liquid
In this experiment, potassium chlorate is used to determine the
solubility curve. Potassium chlorate is a white crystalline solid. When it
dissolved in water, the solution appears in colourless. (National Center for
Biotechnology Information, 2020) The aqueous solution of potassium chlorate
is denser than water. Besides, potassium chlorate is flammable when contact
with combustible materials. Potassium chlorate is common used as an oxidizer
in smoke grenades, generate oxygen gas in college or school labs and as a
pesticides. (BYJU’S, n.d.)
This experiment is performed to obtain a solubility curve for solid
potassium chlorate in water at different temperature.

4.0 Apparatus:
 Thermometer
 Burette
 Boiling tube
 Hot plate
 Beaker
 Analytical balance
 Glass rod

5.0 Materials:
  Solid potassium chlorate
 Distilled water
6.0 Procedure:
Firstly, 3.00g of potassium chlorate was weighed into a boiling tube.
3
10cm of water was added from a burette and a thermometer was put into the
boiling tube. The boiling tube was then put into a beaker of water. The water
was heated and the content was stirred in boiling tube with glass rod until solid
had dissolved completely. Next, the boiling tube was removed from hot water
and it allowed to cool in air with constant stirring. The temperature was noted
at which crystals start to form in boiling tube. The experiment was repeated
and the temperature was determined again. After that, 5cm3 of water was
added from burette and the temperature as described above was determined.
The procedure was repeated until about 40.0cm3 of water has been added.
7.0 Result:
Water added Temperature ( ͦC) Average
(cm3) temperature ( ͦC)
1 2
10 56 55 55.5
15 48 47 47.5
20 38 39 38.5
25 32 33 32.5
30 25 26 25.5
35 23 23 23.0
40 19 17 18.0

Concentration of potassium chlorate (g/100g):

3.0 g xg
In 15 ml of H2O: 15.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= ×100 g
15.0 g
¿ 20 g

3.0 g xg
In 20 ml of H2O: 20.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= ×100 g
20.0 g
¿ 15 g

3.0 g xg
In 25 ml of H2O: 25.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= ×100 g
25.0 g
¿ 12 g

3.0 g xg
In 30 ml of H2O: 30.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= ×100 g
30.0 g
¿ 10 g

3.0 g xg
In 35 ml of H2O: 35.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= ×100 g
35.0 g
¿ 8.57 g

3.0 g xg
In 40 ml of H2O: 40.0 g = 100 g

3.0 g
x= × 100 g
40.0 g
¿ 7.5 g

8.0 Discussion:
 A solubility curve for solid potassium chlorate in water was constructed.
Solubility curve is a data based graph comparing the amount of solute that will
dissolve in a given amount of solvent at various temperature. The solubility of
a solid in a given solvent refer as the number of grams of the solute required to
saturate 100 g of the solvent at a particular temperature. (BYJU’S, n.d)
In this experiment, solid potassium chlorate was act solute and distilled
water was act as solvent. To conduct the test, about 3 g of solid potassium
chlorate was dissolved in 10 cm3 of water and immersed in hot water bath. The
colourless solution was formed after all the solid potassium chlorate was
dissolved. The solubility of potassium chlorate in water is an endothermic
reaction. This is because the size of the lattice enthalpy is greater than the sum
of the enthalpies of hydration of the ions. It is the large increase in entropy as
the solution forms that make this a thermodynamically favourable process.
The chemical equation below shows the reaction of potassium chlorate
dissolved in water:
KClO3 (s) + H2O (l)  K+ (aq) + ClO3- (aq)
When potassium chlorate dissolved in water, it will dissociate K+ ions and ClO3-
ions.
When all the solid potassium chlorate dissolved completely in water, the
test tube was removed from the hot water bath. The temperature was
recorded when the crystal solid was formed again. Crystallisation occurs
because the excess solid potassium chlorate was in contact with a saturated
solution, an equilibrium is achieve in which solid potassium chlorate
continually dissolving in amount just equal to the excess solid is formed. A
saturated solution is the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given
amount of solvent. Beyond the amount of solute, no more will dissolve and
excess solute remaining in solid form (crystallization). The maximum amount of
dissolved solute was expressed in the units of grams of solute/ 100 g of
solvent. (Katz, 2007) By changing the concentration of solution, add 5 cm 3 of
water each time until 40 cm3 water has been added. The temperature that
recorded for each different concentration was recorded and a graph of
concentration of KClO3 (g/100 g water) against temperature was plotted.
From the graph, it shows that 7.5 g of solid potassium chlorate was
dissolved completely in water at 18 ͦC. At 23 ͦC, there was 8.57 g of solid
potassium chlorate dissolved to form saturated solution. For 25.5 ͦC and 32.5
ͦC, 10 g and 12 g were the maximum amount of solid potassium chlorate
dissolved in water respectively. Next, 15 g and 20 g of solid potassium chlorate
were dissolved completely in water when the temperature was at 38.5 ͦC and
47.5 ͦC respectively. Lastly, a saturated solution with 30 g od solid potassium
chlorate was formed at 55.5 ͦC.
From the plotted graph, it shows the relationship between temperature
and solubility. As temperature increases, the amount of solute dissolved in the
solvent also increases. This can be explained by as the temperature increases,
the intermolecular forces became more easily broken. Hence, it allows more of
the solute particles to be attracted to solvent particles. (CK-12, 2017)

9.0 Conclusion:
In conclusion, the objective was achieved. The solubility curve for
potassium chlorate was constructed. From the graph, it shows that as the
temperature increases, the solubility of potassium chlorate also increases.

10.0 References:
BYJU’S, n.d. What is Potassium Chlorate? [online] Available at :<
https://byjus.com/chemistry/potassium-chlorate/> [Accessed at 12 February
2020]
BYJU’s, n.d. Solubility curve. [online] Available at :<
https://byjus.com/chemistry/solubility-curve/> [Accessed at 19 February 2020]
CK-12, 2017. 17.4 Factors affecting solubility. [online] Available at :<
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-chemistry-second-
edition/r18/section/17.4/> [Accessed at 19 February 2020]
National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2020. Potassium chlorate.
[online] Available at
:<https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-chlorate>
[Accessed at 12 February 2020]
Katz, D.A., 2007. The solubility of a salt in water at a various temperature.
[online] Available at :< http://www.chymist.com/Solubility%20salt.pdf>
[Accessed at 19 February 2020]