The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | i

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | ii
EDITORS

SCIENTIFIC EDITORS
Chief :
Dr. Ir. Asep Sudarman, M.Agr.Sc. (Indonesia)

Member :
1. Prof. Junichi Takahashi (Japan)
2. Prof. Wayne Pitchford (Australia)
3. Ir. M.W. (Marcel) Ludema, PhD (The Netherlands)
4. Dr. Andrzej Łozicki (Poland)
5. Dr. Despal, S.Pt., M.Sc.Agr. (Indonesia)

TECHNICAL EDITORS
1. Dr. Nur Rohmah Kumalasari, S.Pt.,M.Sc.
2. Rika Zahera, S.Pt., M.Si.
3. Reikha Rahmasari, S.Pt, M.si.
4. Tera Fit Rayani, S.Pt, M.Si.

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | iii
REVIEWERS
1. Dr. Ir. Asep Sudarman, M.Rur.Sc.
2. Dr. Ir. Rudy Priyanto
3. Prof.Dr.Ir. Ronny Rachman Noor, M.Rur.Sc
4. Dr. Irma Isnafia Arief, S.Pt, M.Si
5. Dr. Tuti Suryati, S.Pt, M.Si
6. Prof. Dr.Ir. Wasmen Manalu, MSc
7. Dr. Ir. Rita Mutia, M.Si.
8. Prof Panca Dewi Manuhara Karti
9. Dr. Sri Suharti, S.Pt, M.Si
10. Dr.Ir. Muhammad Ridla, M.Agr
11. Prof.Dr.Ir. Dewi Apri Astuti, MS.
12. Ir. Anita Sardiana, M.Rur.Sc
13. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumiati, M.Sc
14. Dr. Epi Taufik, S.Pt., MVPH, MSi.
15. Prof. Drh. Arief Boediono, PhD
16. Dr. Anuraga Jayanegara, S.Pt, M.Sc
17. Dr. Ir. Heri Ahmad Sukria, M.Sc
18. Dr. Rudi Afnan, S.Pt., MSc.Agr
19. Prof. Dr. Ir. Komang G.W.
20. Prof. Dr. Ir. Cece Sumantri, M.Agr.Sc
21. Dr. Despal, S.Pt. M.Sc.Agr
22. Dr.agr. Asep Gunawan, S.Pt., M.Sc
23. Dr. Ir. Lucia Cyrilla Eko Nugrohowati SD, M.Si
24. Prof. Dr. Ir. Asnath M Fuah, MS
25. Dr. Ir. Moh. Yamin, M.Agr.Sc.
26. Dr. Nur Rohmah Kumalasari, S.Pt.,M.Sc.

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | iv
Harmonizing Livestock Industry Development, Animal Welfare,
Environmental and Human Health. Proceeding Full Papers of the 4th ISAI
(International Seminar on Animal Industry) held at IPB International
Convention Centre, Bogor, 28 – 30 August 2018

Created by
Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (FAS-IPB)
Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga
16680 Bogor, Indonesia

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | v
ABOUT ISAI
International Seminar on Animal Industry

International Seminar on animal Industry (ISAI) is a special forum for

the exchange of information, discussion on animal production issues and
opportunities to present scientific and technical achievements in animal sciences. Its
strategies and formulations are going to transform into practices. This seminar will
provide a window for strengthening international co-operation between scientists,
livestock specialists from industry and related institutions. The seminar is triennial
meeting hosted by Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University in
collaboration with Animal Scientists Society Indonesia (HILPI).
The first ISAI was held in Bogor on 23-24 November 2009. The theme of
this seminar was Sustainable Animal Production for Food Security and Safety.
Participant to the seminar came from Germany, United State of America, Japan,
Malaysia, and Indonesia. Eighty eight research papers had been presented in this
seminar.
The second ISAI was held in Jakarta Convention Center (JCC) on 5 – 6 July
2012. The theme of the second ISAI was Empowering Local Resources for
Sustainable Animal Production Due to Climate Change. The second ISAI was
conducted in conjunction with Indo Livestock exhibition, the biggest and the most
comprehensive livestock technology exhibition and forum in Indonesia. In total 131
papers had been presented in the seminar consisted of 12 papers from invited
speakers, and 119 papers from participants (72 papers were presented orally and 47
papers were presented as posters). Participants to the seminar came from several
different countries including Australia, England, Japan, South Korea, South Africa,
Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America, Malaysia, Thailand, Turkey, Iran,
Iraq, Pakistan and Indonesia.
The third ISAI was held in Bogor on 17-18 September 2015. The theme of
this seminar was Sustainable Animal Production for Better Human Welfare and

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | vi
Environment. Ninety seven papers had been presented during the two days seminar;
9 by invited speakers, 69 for oral and 28 for posters presentations. The speakers came
from different coutries including Australia, Egypt, France, Korea, German,
Netherland, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Thailand, The United State and
Indonesia.
The fourth ISAI will be held in Bogor on 28 – 30 August 2018. The theme of
this seminar will be Harmonizing Livestock Industry Development, Animal Welfare,
Environmental and Human Health.

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | vii
LIST OF CONTENTS
EDITORS iii
REVIEWERS iv
ABOUT ISAI vi
PREFACE vii
FOREWORD ix
REMARKS xii
SEMINAR PROGRAM xiv
LIST OF CONTENTS xxxiv
INVITED SPEAKERS
Decoupling in Livestock and Fresh Meat Supply Chains 2
Marcel Ludema

Development of Green Concentrate Indigofera in Indonesia 14

Abdullah, L. & N. Kumalasari, Suharlina & A.Tarigan.

Livestock and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Bilateral Impact and 24

Prophylactic Modulation
Junichi Takahashi

Genetic Marker of Indonesian Local Livestock 32

C. Sumantri, J. Jakaria and A. Gunawan

Sheep and Goat Industry in Indonesia: The Prospect, Potency 52

and Challenges
Mohamad Yamin

PARALEL SESSIONS

SUBTHEME : ANIMAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Quality of Lactobacillus plantarum in Goat and UHT Milk 58

Yurliasni, Yusdar Zakaria, Sitti Wajizah, and Zuraida Hanum

The Effect of Curing on Physicochemical Properties, Nitrite 64

Residu, Malonaldehyde Level and Browning of Dendeng
M. Yusuf, R.R.S. Wihansah, A.Y. Oktaviasana , B.P. Febrina, Rifkhan,
J.K. Negara, M. Arifin, Y.N. Raifah, A.K. Sio & T. Suryati

Lactobacillus Casei 2.12 Isolated from Ettawa Goat Milk Showed 70

Milk Clotting Activity
W.S. Putranto, M.T. Suhartono, H.D.Kusumaningrum, P.E. Giriwono,
A.Z. Mustopa, H. Chairunnisa

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | xxxiv
 Chemical Quality and Sensory Evaluation of Salted Eggs with 75
Addition of Black Grass Jelly (Mesona palustris BL.)
Herly Evanuarini, Imam Thohari, & Anggraini Ayu Putri Pratama

Carcass, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of The 80

Longissimus Muscle of Rumen Mechanical Stimulating Brush
Administrated Brahman Cross Steers
N. Nurmeiliasari, R. Priyanto, D.A. Astuti, Salundik, J. Takahashi, M.
Okamoto, and T. Okamoto

SUBTHEME : FEED, NUTRITION, & NUTRIGENOMIC

Milk Production and Feed Efficiency of Dairy Cow Fed 88

Concentrate Containing Durio zibethinus Peel Flour Fermented
with Pleurotus ostreatus
E. Sulistyowati, I. Badarina, & S. Mujiharjo

The Improvement of Concentrate Diet Quality on the Lactating 93

PE Goat Health
Irma Badarina, Dwierra Evvyernie & Toto Toharmat

Effect of flushing diet with a combination of carbohydrate and 98

different fat sources on preovulatory follicle of Peranakan
Etawah doe
Lilis Khotijah, Citra Fadzria, Didit Diapari, Prasetyo Nugroho,
Dewi Apri Astuti

Isolation and Identification of 2,3-Dihidroxypyridine (2,3-DHP) 106

Degrading Bacteria from Bali Cattle Rumen Fed Leucaena
leucocephala Leaves Based Ration
Nyai Mukholisah, Tria Dansi Anggraini, Suprihandini Aprilia
Pribadi, Komang G Wiryawan & Sri Suharti

Chemical, Physical and Microbiological Characteristics of 112

Fermentation Feed
Allaily, Yaman MA, Latif H1, Zulfa1, Nahrowi& Ridla M

Quality Test of Feed Supplement of Mash, Pellet, Wafer 119

Containing Nigella Sativa Waste For Dairy Goat
Yuli Retnani, Taryati, Dipa Argadyasto

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Animal Feed: Fast 123

Analysis of Main Quality Attributes
Samadi1, Sitti Wajizah1 & Agus Arip Munawar

The 4th International Seminar on Animal Industry Bogor, August 28-30, 2018 | xxxv
 Near Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Animal Feed: Fast Analysis of
Main Quality Attributes

Samadi1, Sitti Wajizah1 & Agus Arip Munawar 2

1
Departement of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University,
Banda Aceh Indonesia, e-mail:samadi177@unsyiah.ac.id
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala
University, Banda Aceh Indonesia, e-mail:agus.amunawar@gmail.com

Abstract

The main purpose of this present study is to apply near infrared reflectance
spectroscopy (NIRS) as a fast and robusta method for feed quality attributs prediction
namely VFA, pH and NH3. Infrared spectra data for feed samples in form of diffuse
reflectance spectra were acquired in wavelength actual range from 1000-2500 nm.
On the other hand, VFA, Ph, NH3 were measured using standard laboratory
procedures. Spectra data were corrected using standard normal variate (SNV) while
predict models were developed using partial least square regression (PLSR). The
results showed that NIRS was feasible to be applied for feed nutrition analysis, VFA,
pH and NH3 can be analyzed fastly with maximum correlation coefficient (r); 0,90,
0,97 and 0,93 respectively. It may conclude that NIRS method was able to predict
animal feed quality attributes fastly.

Keywords: NIRS, VFA, pH and NH3

Introduction
Application of crop residues from agro-industry by products as animal feed
to reduce the cost of animal production has been known well. However, due to low
nutritive values and digestibility of agro-industry as animal feed, feed technology to
improve the quality agro-industry by products as animal feed should be applied
(Santoso et al., 2014; Wajizah et al., 2015; Samadi et al., 2015a; Samadi et al., 2016).
Fermentation is one of the feed processing technologies that was able to improve feed
quality. Research carried out by Samadi et al (2015b) indicated that complete feed
fermented with three different commercial by products significantly influenced the
values of NH3, VFA, IVOMD, and IVDMD.
Good feed formulation for animal production depends on the results of feed
analysis. Wet chemical analysis has been used to analyze animal feed since long time
ago. This method has several disadvantages such as take time for sample preparation
and use chemical material causing pollution. Therefore, other alternatives should be
applied to avoid disadvantages aforementioned above. NIRS is one of the fast and
effective methods to analyze feed quality parameters (Samadi et al., 2013; Munawar
et al., 2016; Samadi et al., 2018a and Samadi et al. 2018b). There are several
advantages to use NIRS as alternative methods to analyses feed quality for example
no specific treatment for sample preparation, non-destructive materials and good for

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environment due to no pollution (Porep et al., 2015). Furthermore, this method can
be applied simultaneously by using the same spectral data (Tsenkova et al., 2011).
Accurate and robust prediction model are very important to predict quality
characteristics of biological objects. Hence, different types of pretreatment to
eliminate unrelated factors based on mathematical transformations of the spectrum
should be applied in NIRS methods (Porep et al., 2015).
Several spectra pre-processing methods such as standard normal variate
(SNV), baseline shift correction (BSC), spectra smoothing, orthogonal signal
correction (OSC), spectra derivatives, and de-trending (DT) have been applied to
obtain accurate and robust prediction of NIRS model (Nicolai et al., 2007; Cozzolino
et al., 2011). In addition, regression model such as multiple linear regression (MLR),
stepwise regression (SR), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least
square regression (PLSR) can be also used to predict biological properties of feed
based on NIRS method (Balabin & Lomakina, 2011; Nawi et al., 2013; Munawar et
al., 2016). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of NIRS as an
alternative method to predict the quality attributes of fermented feed (VFA, pH and
NH3). In this study, various spectra pre-processing (BSC, SNV, and DT) methods
and PCR method were applied to predict quality attributes of fermented feed based
on NIRS method.

Materials and Methods

Chemical Analysis for Feed Samples
Feed samples (sago residues) for this study were fermentation of sago
residues with different time incubation namely 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days by
administration of commercial fermentation product (SBP-Saus Burger Pakan®).
Each treatment consisted of five replications with total of 25 samples for further
chemical analysis (VFA, pH and NH3). Fermented samples were analyzed for VFA
and NH3 (General Laboratory Procedure 1966; Soejono, 1996) at Laboratory of
Nutrition and Dairy Science, Nutrition and Feed Technology Department, IPB,
Bogor.

Feed Samples Prediction Based on NIR Feed Spectrum

Feed samples for near infrared spectra data were taken by irradiation of
halogen lamp onto a 30 g of fermented feed samples, then collected and recorded in
the form of diffuse reflectance spectra data with the wave length range from 1000 to
2500 nm or in wave numbers from 4000 to 10000 cm-1. All spectra data were saved
in two different file formats (*.SPA and *.CSV) for further data analysis. If there
were any data outside of the ellipse after PCA followed by Hotelling T2, the spectra
data were considered as outlier and removed for further analysis (Munawar et al.,
2016). For spectra correction was used baseline shift correction (BSC), standard
normal variate (SNV), and de-trending (DT) correction methods. Prediction models
used to predict quality and nutritive parameters of feed samples were principal
component regression (PCR) and validated using full leave one out cross validation.
Several statistical parameters like coefficient of determination (R2), correlation
coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), residual predictive deviation (RPD),

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and the number of latent variable (LV) were applied to determine model
performances, accuracy, and robustness (Nicolai et al., 2007).

Results and Discussion

Feed Samples for Chemical Analysis

Chemical analysis were used as references for prediction feed parameters in
samples based on NIRS method. The results of chemical analysis VFA, pH and NH3
for fermented sago residues at different time incubation was presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Effect of fermentation time on NH3, pH and VFA of fermented sago

residues (n=5).
Item
Fermentation Time (days)
NH3 (%) pH (%) VFA (%)
a d
F0 4.45 ± 0.215 6.90 ± 0.003 62.67 ± 3.940c
F1 5.69 ± 0.137b 6.85 ± 0.10c 78.12 ± 3.241c
F2 6.04 ± 0.056c 6.79 ± 0.008c 89.66 ± 5.891bc
F3 6.69 ± 0.243d 6.74 ± 0.008b 100.61 ± 5.694b
F4 7.25 ± 0.226e 6.68 ± 0.009a 117.42 ± 4.644a
Means within a row with different letters differ at the P < 0.05 level.

Spectrum Analysis
After being acquisition, spectrum sample data was observed by using PCA.
Hotelling T2 was applied to spectrum by using PCA to find outlier data influencing
accuracy of predicted model (Cozzolino et al., 2011; Mouazen et al., 2010). As
indicated in Figure 1, no outlier data were founded in the spectrum. Therefore, all
spectrum data of sago residues were used to construct prediction model for prediction
of VFA, pH and NH3.

Prediction of VFA, pH and NH3

Spectrum was adjusted by using correction method (pretreatment) SNV, MN
and combination of SNV and MN. Raw spectrum and pretreatment spectrum were
used to construct prediction model of PCR and LOOCV. The prediction results of
measured parameters (VFA, pH and NH3) are presented in the Table 2,3 and 4.

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Figure 1. Feed spectra data projected onto PCA and Hotelling T2 ellipse for outliers
detection

Table 2. Prediction results for VFA nutritive value of fermented sago residues (n=5).
Statistical parameters
Spectrum
R2 r RMSE RPD LV
Raw 0.82 0.91 8.89 2.41 13
SNV 0.82 0.90 8.99 2.39 13
MN 0.82 0.90 9.03 2.38 13
SNV+MN 0.62 0.79 12.96 1.66 7
SNV: standard normal variate, MN: mean normalization, LV: number of latent variables, R 2:
coefficient of determination, r: correlation coefficient, RMSE: root mean square error, SNV:
standard normal variate.

Table 3. Prediction results for pH nutritive value of fermented sago residues (n=5).
Statistical parameters
Spectrum
R2 R RMSE RPD LV
Raw 0.95 0.98 0.02 4.60 13
SNV 0.95 0.97 0.02 4.50 13
MN 0.95 0.97 0.02 4.50 13
SNV+MN 0.77 0.88 0.04 2.12 7
SNV: standard normal variate, MN: mean normalization, LV: number of latent variables, R2:
coefficient of determination, r: correlation coefficient, RMSE: root mean square error, SNV:
standard normal variate.

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Table 4. Prediction results for VFA nutritive value of fermented sago residues (n=5).
Statistical parameters
Spectrum 2
R R RMSE RPD LV
Raw 0.87 0.93 0.36 2.87 13
SNV 0.87 0.93 0.36 2.87 13
MN 0.87 0.93 0.36 2.87 13
SNV+MN 0.70 0.84 0.56 1.86 7
SNV: standard normal variate, MN: mean normalization, LV: number of latent variables, R 2:
coefficient of determination, r: correlation coefficient, RMSE: root mean square error, SNV:
standard normal variate.

The best results for all parameters were by applying raw spectrum or
spectrum prior to pretreatment. The highest values for RPD and correlation
coefficient were 4.60 and 0.98 for pH with the variable latent to construct of
prediction model at 13 LV. SNV and MN adjusted methods have been applied
separately, but they were not able to improve prediction accuracy instead of
significantly reduce accuracy. Scatter model plot graphics for all data ware presented
in the Figure 2.

Figure 2. Actual and predicted VFA, pH and NH3 based on raw spectrum prediction
model.

Discussion
One of the factors determining good fermentation products mainly
agricultural by products is incubation time. Prolong incubation time results in the
possibility of microbe to grow and ferment, therefore the microbe activities to
degrade low quality feed such as agriculture by products is improved (Judoamidjojo
et al., 1989). In this study, incubation of fermented feed for 28 d decreased pH,
followed by increased consistently the values of VFA and NH3. Reducing of pH value
as indicator of feed fermentation was correlated with the increase of N-microbe and

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VFA concentration (Alltech, 2012). Fermentation of feed was measured by the
production of VFA as energy source supported by NH3 availability for microbe rumen
to prolific and synthesis protein microbe (Suryahadi and Amrullah, 1989). The
amount of VFA production was influenced by digestibility and fermented feed quality
(Baldwin, 1995). This results was in accordance with the research conducted by
Mustofa et al. (2012) in which ammoniated cornborn fermented for 4 week by using
commercial starter improved the values of VFA and NH3.
Chemical bound such as C-H, C-H-O, N-H, O-H, R-O-H and C-C will be
vibrated at the certain near infrared wave then will be characteristics of specific
nutritive specific values (Munawar et al., 2016), since each biological sample has
chemical and physical structures. In NIRS method, the first step to be conducted was
spectrum data acquisition, then corrected data after spectrum data were required.
Thereafter, prediction model can be constructed and developed to predict nutritive
values of feed samples (Cen and He, 2007). Regression method of PCR was applied
to find correlation between spectra data and actual data from VFA, pH and NH3 of
fermented sago residues. Validation model to predict using cross validation of leave
one out cross validation (LOOCV).
The best prediction was found in the parameters of pH and NH3 for four kinds
of treatment (raw spectrum and pretreatment) with the minimum value of RPD 2.89
for NH3 and 4.50 for pH. These values were categorized in high accuracy. This is in
accordance with Nicolai et al. (2007) in which prediction with the value above 2.5
indicated that it was a good and accurate prediction. Meanwhile, the value of RPD
between 1.5-1.9 was categorized as not accurate prediction and the value of RPD
from 2-1.5 was indicated as feasible prediction (Williams, 2001 and Fearn, 2002).
Similar to RPD, determinant cooficient (R2) is one of statistical parameters
that can be used to determine prediction accuracy. The value of R2 between 0.50-0.65
was indicated that about 50% of prediction can be determined and the value of R2
between 0.82 to 0.90 was indicated as good prediction. The best prediction will be
obtained, if the value of R2 is higher than 0.91 (Williams, 2003 and Karoui et al.,
2006). In this study, the best prediction was at the parameter of pH (R2=0.95),
meanwhile, the parameter of VFA and NH3 were categorized as good accuracy with
the value of R2 between 0.82-0.87. For statistical parameter, the low value of R2 was
acquired at pretreatment combination mainly at VFA parameter (0.62).
Application of pretreatment at spectrum has been conducted and not able to
improve accuracy for all parameters by using both SNV and MN. Combination of
SNV+MN reduced accuracy and significantly, in which parameter VFA and NH3 of
RPD was not able to get value more than 2. Difference from other spectrum with
other pretreatment, where latent variable can be used up to 13 LV, combination
between SNV+MN only can be used up to 7 LV. In comparison, other research
conducted by Shepherd et al. (2005) indicated that NIRS was be able to predict
IVDMD in organic residues with correlation coefficient of 0.91.

Conclusions
NIRS method could be applied to measure quality of fermented sago residues
for VFA, pH and NH3 parameters with good and high accuracy results. The results

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indicated that the highest value for RPD was 2.4 for VFA, 4.58 for pH and 2.87 for
NH3. By appling raw spectrum, all model presented the same R2 or higher, except for
coorection model for SNV+MN. This was indicated that prediction model which has
been constructed to predict the values of VFA, pH and NH3 with a very good results.
The combination method of SVN+MN was the worst one and concluded that this
method was not appropriate to be applied for this study.

Acknowledgement
This study was supported by UNSYIAH Grand under H-Index scheme in
2016. The authors thank to Ms. Dian Anggraeni at IPB, Laboratory Test. Thanks also
to Andika Boy Yuliansyah, Ilham and M. Hanafiah at Unsyiah for their helps in data
and chemical analysis.

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