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    ODE - Chapter 01-03 (January 2015)

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    Hyomin
    This document discusses initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It defines IVPs as problems with initial conditions given at the same value of the independent variable, and BVPs as problems with conditions given at different values. Examples are provided to illustrate solving IVPs and BVPs given the general solution to an ODE. Learning outcomes include being able to define IVPs and BVPs, and verify solutions to DEs subjected to given initial conditions. Exercises are provided to solve IVPs and BVPs by determining constants in a general solution that satisfy the given boundary conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ODE - Chapter 01-03 (January 2015)

    Uploaded by

    Hyomin
    28 views16 pages
    This document discusses initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It defines IVPs as problems with initial conditions given at the same value of the independent variable, and BVPs as problems with conditions given at different values. Examples are provided to illustrate solving IVPs and BVPs given the general solution to an ODE. Learning outcomes include being able to define IVPs and BVPs, and verify solutions to DEs subjected to given initial conditions. Exercises are provided to solve IVPs and BVPs by determining constants in a general solution that satisfy the given boundary conditions.

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    ODE_Chapter 01-03 [January 2015]

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    This document discusses initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It defines IVPs as problems with initial conditions given at the same value of the independent variable, and BVPs as problems with conditions given at different values. Examples are provided to illustrate solving IVPs and BVPs given the general solution to an ODE. Learning outcomes include being able to define IVPs and BVPs, and verify solutions to DEs subjected to given initial conditions. Exercises are provided to solve IVPs and BVPs by determining constants in a general solution that satisfy the given boundary conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views16 pages

    ODE - Chapter 01-03 (January 2015)

    Uploaded by

    Hyomin
    This document discusses initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It defines IVPs as problems with initial conditions given at the same value of the independent variable, and BVPs as problems with conditions given at different values. Examples are provided to illustrate solving IVPs and BVPs given the general solution to an ODE. Learning outcomes include being able to define IVPs and BVPs, and verify solutions to DEs subjected to given initial conditions. Exercises are provided to solve IVPs and BVPs by determining constants in a general solution that satisfy the given boundary conditions.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    Ordinary Differential Equations

    [FDM 1023]
    Chapter 1

    Introduction to Ordinary
    Differential Equations
    Chapter 1: Introduction to Differential Equations

    Overview

    1.1. Definitions

    1.2. Classification of Solutions

    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems


    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Learning Outcomes

    At the end of this section, you should and be able to

    1) Define IVP and BVP

    2) Verify solutions to DE subjected to given


    initial conditions.
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Definition

    Initial Value Problem (IVP)

    A DE with initial conditions on the unknown function


    and its derivatives, all given at the same value of the
    independent variable.
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Examples

    Is an IVP since the initial conditions is given at

    Is an IVP since the two initial conditions are both


    given at
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Examples

    Is an IVP since the two initial conditions are both


    given at

    Is an IVP since the two initial conditions are both


    given at
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Definition

    Boundary Value Problem (BVP)

    A DE with initial conditions on the unknown


    function and its derivatives, all given at the
    different values of independent variable.
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Examples

    Is a BVP since the two initial conditions are given at

    Is a BVP since the two initial conditions are given at


    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Examples
    Find the solution of the IVP or BVP if the general solution is the
    given one:
    1) y′ + y = 0; y(3) = 2, y (x ) = c1e − x
    Solution

    Step 1: y (3) = 2 ⇒ y = 2, x = 3
    −3
    c1e = 2
    3
    c1 = 2e
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Step 2:
    Solution of the IVP: y (x ) = 2e 3e − x = 2e3− x
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    π  π 
    2 ) y + 4 y = 0; y   = 0, y   = 1 y ( x ) = c1 sin 2 x + c2 cos 2 x
    ′′
    8 6

    Solution

    Step 1:
    π  π
    Based on 1st condition, y   = 0 ⇒ y = 0, x =
    8 8
    π  π π
    y  = c1 sin 2 + c2 cos 2
    8 8 8
    c1 c2
    = +
    2 2
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Step 1 (cont.):
     π  c1 c2
    y  = +
    8 2 2

    π 
    Since y  = 0 ,
    8
    c1 c2
    + =0
    2 2
    c2 + c1 = 0 Eq. (1)
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Step 2: π  π
    Based on 2nd condition, y  = 1 ⇒ y = 1, x =
    6 6

    π  π π
    y  = c1 sin 2 + c2 cos 2
    6 6 6
    3c1 c2
    = +
    2 2
    Since y  = 1 ,
     π
    6 3c1 + c2
    =1
    2
    3c1 + c2 = 2 Eq. (2)
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems

    Step 3:
    Solve the both equations simultaneously
    2 2
    c1 = c2 = −
    3 −1 3 −1
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Step 4:

    Solution of the BVP: y ( x ) = c1 sin 2 x + c2 cos 2 x

    2
    y= (sin 2 x − cos 2 x )
    3 −1
    1.3. Initial and Boundary Value Problems
    Exercise 1.3
    1) Determine c1 and c2 so that y ( x ) = c1 sin 2 x + c 2 cos 2 x + 1
    will satisfy the conditions :

    π   π
    y  = 0 y ′  = 2
    8 8

    2) Determine c1 and c2 so that y ( x ) = c1e 2 x + c 2 e x + 2 sin x


    will satisfy the conditions :

    y (0) = 0 y ′(0) = 1
    End
    Chapter 1

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