Return of The Ancient Ones

t TURN
OF THE
ONES
Tlle T r u e 1-Iist-01-yUncovered
Of The Washitaw De Dugdahmoundyah Empire
EMPRESS VERDIACEE
Of Ylc Black Washitaw Enipirc
The Stste OfLorlisil~rrlz

W u s Origirlcllly Stolerr
And Illegrllly Sold As
' 7 H E LOUISINVA PUl<CHASE"
171eLntld Is T11eStoletl Properly
Of The Arlciet~tBluck Wrrsltituw Ettryirc...
'Tf-IEANCl CNT ONES"
THE WASHITAW FILE

I
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES
I The True History Uncovered
Of The Washitaw De Dugdalrmoundyah Empire
I
BY
Verdiacee "Tiara " Washitaw-Turner Goston El-Bey;
Empress of the Washituw Nation
Copyright 1 993 Washitaw Publishing Company

Washituw de Dugdahmoundyuh Proper
Assisting in the Distribution

El-Seti Anu Ali El
Anzzlrru Ptiblishing Company

&
Research Institute
C/o 2248 West 80th Street
Chicago, Wushitaw Province
KO: u.s.a. Postal zone [60643]
t No part of this manuscript may be reproduced, stored in retrieval

System. or transmitted in any form by any means including
Mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise
Withoutprior written permission of the Publisher
I
t ( THE TRUE HISTORY UNCOVERED)
EMPRESS VERDIACEE
Empress Of The Black Washitaw Tribe
t -THE WASHITAW FILES- 9

IN HONOR OF THE MOST HIGH, GOD.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO
My Only Son: Mr. Fredrlx Joe Washington
Grandchildren: Fredrlx N. Washlngton

Wendy Farlca Washlngton
Erlc Washlngton
Daughter In Law: Georgla DeAnn Washlngton
Slsters: Matllds Frances Butler

Katye Ulllan G. Roberson
Brother: lsom Joe Turner Washington
Nephews: Alburn Charles Gray II

Fred Elbett Wa8hlngton
Mlchaei Washlngton
Nieces: Annle Laverne Waahlngton

Unda Butler
Monlca Waffer
Harrlet M. Huddleston
Grand Nephews: Alburn Charles Gray Ill

Marty Mllls
Michael Mllls
Grand Nleces: .Cathern Evelyn Rlley

Angela Mlchelle Gray
Monlque Watler
Stephanie Thorton-Watfer
Bobble Jean Goodjolnt
Mary Ann Goodjolnt
Janelle G. Johnson
Dorshla Goodjolm
Erlca Monet G r w
Ashley LaVerne Clayborne
The descendants of Annle Turner Washington and Fred Houston Washlngton.

My paternal grand Isham Washlngton, Delphla Klmm Washkiton and my maternal
grand. Joe Henry Turner and Matllda M. Turner.
TABLE OF
CHAmER ONE PAGE 01
"I Returned To A Black Cat"
CHAPTER TWO PAGE 07
"Finding The Missing Link"
CWWER THREE PAGE 1 5
“Ah... The Black Cagfng Queen" -.
CHAP7ER FOUR PAGE 21
..
'Ya Keep On A Suckin' 77l' You Suck A Seed!"
CHAFTER FIVE PAGE 27
"Back in Anclent 77mes With The Ancient Ones"
CHAPTER SIX PAGE 43

. 'What They Taught In School Dld Not Add Up To Be The Tnrth!"
..
CHAPlER SEVEN PAGE 83
"Back to the Water Hole!"
CHAPTER EIGHT PAGE 95

"To Pull The Black Cover O f f WhHe Uesf"
CkUWEFl NINE PAGE 117

' W h o in The Hell Screwed Up Hlstoryl"
-
CHlWIER TEN PAGE 129

"Legal.Or Illegal - Thls Is How ft Hsppenedl"
-
C m R ELEVEN . PAGE 137
"Bring the Cotton pickin' Records Backl"
C m R TWELVE PAGE 149

"The Great Whore Rode The BessN"
CHAmER T H I ~ E N PAGE1f!5
\
"Undressing Mr. His-Stowl Publlclyl"
TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED.-
I
CHAPTER FOURTEEN PAGE 189
"France And Grandma Had Two Page Notes!"
I
c m n m E N PAGE 195
"The Lerqris And Clark ExpedRlonn
CHAPTER SOCTEEN - PAGE 223

"Let The ~ e t t e ; Tell The Treaty Tale!"
CtiAPlERSEWNTEEN PAGE 345

"That Old Code Wrapped In The
.. .
Grandfather's Clause To Steal Our Black land!"
CHAPlEFi EIGHTEEN PAGE 361

I . "The Ku Mux Manl"
CHAPTER NINETEEN PAGE 367
1 "Fort MIm Is A Johnny Come M e l y Imposlerl"
1 cHA&EFim PAGE 387

I
'7he BIack Red and Green Iron EgyptlanStyle
Mother Country Imperial Crypt" ,
CHAPTWl TWENN-ONE PAGE 391

' m e EBVpilan Iron Casket Held a Woman - A Black One"
1 c m m - T W O .PAGE 399
"My Legal Farnlly Tree"
CHAPTEU TWENN-THREE PAGE 407

-
' V a The Rlo Negro By Way Of The Route
Of The Black Manl"
CHAPTER TWENlY-FOUR PAGE 415

'Via The Route Of pre-Columblan Blacks In America!"
CHAPTER IWEHIY-FIVE A PAGE 421

"God Made Man In Africa!" ! t
THE GRANT
"Taklng Back The Land"
This topic is one of three, which you will be introduced to. The
writer is a simple-minded person of everyday life. Outside, she is not
a beautiful person. Her beauty is wtthin. Truth in the simplest form is
what will be conveyed here. No plot, n o theme, n o narrative order.
You wili just read simple facts, with some borrowed or revised .
examples that have been reconstructed where the llgM can be seen.
Old sayings have been studies for the truth in which they may or
may not hold. Folklore has been looked into for tiny bRs of truth that
may be .hidden among old folks' lies. Old habits and signs are also
undermined for some truth that may be hidden underneath.
The most outstanding reference is the Bible. Naturai history and

findings by great scholars has been turned over to scrape off the parts
that have been added to make good sounding documentation. The
naked truth is what you are invited to read, without clothing.
This issue or topic number (1) wili be only for tnrth loving
people, peace loving people who are in love with their creator and their
neighbor, their families, their communities and their countries and
neighboring countries and ail life. The truth and the llght.. the life.
-
We trust that you open your mind before you read this book.
Everyone will not believe me, even though it is the plain hard rock
truth. It is to be eaten and digested.
We feel that a remnant can do justice to a great work that has

already been done to our heritage without leaving us, the origlnai
people out of a history that Is really ours. Ifirst want to commend our
great historians and scholars and other experts who are trying to
unravel very important historical events without going to living people
who know. But, you cannot expect experts to know or do everything.
Consideration of feelings and time has been a main concern.
Some scholars welcome truth and some do not, unless they themselves
...
have put it in. But as an Ancient One said "My people die for the
lack of knowledge." I believe this: as I believe, "The Tmfh Shall Set
You F-r-i?-e!" What we need to d o is t o set free the mind. We cannot
free a mind to seek a true knowledge by puttlng it under a basket.
Knowledge Is not a lie, ft Is truth.
Lewis and Clark said we were here when an exploration was

made b y them for thls country. The first white man came to our good
area and jotted down a his-stow document 'Said we were here! Fllhol
put u s o n hls map and he sald we were here and owned the place at
the time he made his map. And the plano sald we are the people that
made the road, Rlo Negro River, as he called it. Now, t o "cover up,"
we say the Black Rlver. If I want t o know i f a horse has teeth, I will go
' t o a living horse and open his mouth. And that Is what we have done.
It took twenty years t o find all of the pieces. We hope you enjoy it as
much as I,the wrtter has. it i s not literature, it is truth. It is In black
and white and t o be read, all over.
Thank You,
Empress Verdiacee "Tiara" Washitaw-Turner Goston

The Author
PREFACE
Cllnt D. Nelson Bey
I am honored to be asked to write the pretace for thls book, for It speaks to
a great many of my personal bellets. Thls book not only greatly asslato In dl.pelllng
a slanfflcant number of the well placed and well written lles and deceb, thd has
been lald In our mlnds, layer after layer, after long and grlevous csnturle8 of tlme.
All the whlle aa we sllppsd Into the Land d Nod, as we ou&es alarted to .d.1
~~
In the p r o c e s e d helplng the .
and l & s f e r Y a f . l T k W u t o h..k
heart; to keep us even longer In the Hod (the mental sleep).
Thls book wlll awaken the sleepr and allow you to see through the layers Of
...
Iles. There is an old saying '-nyou want to h b wmzthhg lnnn bhck mn, pit
R betweem the pages ofa boolcf" If you are a blaok person possedng any gray
matter at all, and In and of thls world, you owe It to yourselves and thoaa Mind and
around you to read thla book, FIEWRN OF THE ANCIENT ONES Thb b One
we colledvely must shatter.
The EMPRESS' book wlll call to lask her receeshre chlld, the Ksspar Of The
the
Ught, and now .she's one of the dornlnant parents In the p r o m of ~ O k e t I l n g
N o d d I ~ l gOna fully agaln. And the ones who's tlme has spaken of, will soon
approach and greet you; standlng on the square properly postured and hoMlng and
gtvlng all of the slgns, symbols and keys of hb and her rlgMful offices. And should
you not belleve me, just go find a truly conscious YOOR; YOUR and ask that person.
Thls book shows and proves with extensbe documentation, that the deeeMng
phaaes have been to a large extent, lald open tor those who have sy@ato M e q d
have heard and mlnd to understand. For wtth thls book, the mental Wdu hms bean
greatly nullMed for those who wlsh to use the gMs of thelr mlnda The EMPRESS (d
the WASHrrAW de DUGOAHUOUNDYAH has tolight the good flgM that w e n her
enemles must show eome grudging respect, and It has been a long, bloody a d
protracted flgM... and wlth thls book... SHE HAS WON! Ifnothlng else, a Very d w P
and satlstylng vlctory of actualfy aeelng and feellng n, her book.. flnally in pdM1
This Is a book that every family who are of the huma~,race, the Ones of Us
Who are people of color, as opposed l o shoe who have lean color than We do, M
colorleaa or devoid thereol; la not that they don't have any color, it jw that thv
have less than we do and It's nothlng to be ashamed of. It 1s just that we have more
color and all of the beneftts that come along with it In the status quo.
There are quite a few of you that wlll contlnue to flght agalnst the truth that
Is supposed to part and parcel a s In one of the maln tenets of the Amerlcan way of
IHe, whlch Is or, at the very least; was fair play coupled with the old saylng that... "n
hdwh-y~uwfnw kse... k r t d h h o w p u w W g a m e l "
Let's apply those same rules to the game of IHe and see who wants to then
follow the above quotes wlth the expllcti understanding that, lor all of the p a 4 180
to 200 years only, those who had leaa color then, w e dld or stlll do gain access to a
vast malority of all of what Is more often than not, referred to as... "ttm good Ma"
Whlch puts them just beyond moat of the laws and the rules. The EUPRESS played
by the mlea and s h e h a s been that one of those most notable exceptions In-that, she
outplayed them at thelr own game uslng thelr very own laws and rules and as I eald
before, THE EMPRESS has won another vlctory In her roughly 30 year " Q W '
. toward fully redeeming the last of her forefathers and mothers of the EMPIRE OFTHE
WASHKAW de DUGDAHMOUNDYAH.
Thls book, RENF\N OF THE ANCIEHT ON&, must b e read by everyone,

especially In the world of the academlclans, for it surely ahall shake the foundations
of those tvy-covered walls, lor sure1 Some, it must anger and others, it wlll definitely
more than please. The EMPRESS has survtved, a s the hlstory shaking contents of
thls profoundly powerful book wlll attest to. And a s far a s all of those detalls you
mlgM.just way, well that's another book.
I must say again, that it 1s truly an honor to be asked to wrRe these words.
What thls book says, Is that H Amerlca Is a land of people who live by the law and are
governed and ruled by and respect that law, well thls book speaks to just such a law
and It la an lnternatlonal law. Thls book wlll flll you with prlde and knowledge a s well
a s tap lnto a well sprlng af anger. But, let notthe anger consume you. Thls book wlll
enllghten you. But let not that push you lnto wlshful thlnklng, but just as a
suggestion, thls book begs you to start asklng questions and do your own personal
research regardlng your MOORISH HISTORY and then allow your mlnd to connect the
two. Then, you say to yourse If... let u s deal wRh f a d s . The mental journal thls book
will take you on, wlll well be worth the effort and the small prlce.
Lest but not any means the least, It is the duty of every parent and even more
s o It that parent is one of the human race, that they buy thla book tor thelr chlld and
read tt flrst themselves, and then discuss It lndepth wtth the younger ones regardlng
the lles that has to be dispelled s o that we can get a better appreclatlon for o u r s e b w
and for our own true hlstory a s h has to be told, s e e n throughout our own eyw as
the EMPRESS,thls extraordinary woman's book R E N R N OF M E ANCIEHT ONES
has s o beauttfully done.
RETURN
THE '.
ANCIENT
-
.CHAPTER ONE
R e t u r n To A E
"I M Cat'"
.. .
Iwas at home at last after twenty long years. Iwas u n a w i ~ e afor.
Iwas unwelcomed, unwanted and unlnvked. Istood out in my peach
travel o m like an unclaimed package marked with a skull and cross
bones. ('tiad Juaarrived on the last (MOP)Mlssouri Pacific Traln 3hat
would transport human cargo to the W - De Dugdahmoundyah.
Ihad been the.onIy soul traveling to a cfty called Monroe. The aatlon
. was not even waiting for me. tt was already belng disrnarttled by the
B.R. Demolltlon Crew. Everyone that traveled from S t Liruls de-
boarded in LIttla Rock, my old stomplng ground, excapt me. As a glrl,
Margaret and I had skated around the Union Station, flfU~and Ea8t
CapHol Street We knew every porter end every conductor coming
down the llne. The oilen at t h e Round House uaed to watch out for us
as we would alp our fourrtaln cokes.
I had gone to school in U t t l e Rock Monroe was not for us for

some unknown reason. My head was. splnnlng as I atood.ln tt.16
morning aun. Each plece of my luggage was plled high on the c r h r
dth no taxl In slgM Icould not back out now. I had returned. What
made It even worst was... the telephone had bean ripped off the p M
It had been attached to. This was sure enough dome home coming.
A blg fuzzy black cat about the slze of a large dog leaped Btop my
luggage. I was afraid to run t l off. Loulslana had some bad omens
connected wlth black cats that I remembered.
EMPRESS YERDLACEE..
-
In horror, I had heard as a child whlch I did not want to remember
naw, I waved bye bye to Mr. Jocko's traln and my final ride on the
rails.
"Grrr," the demolition truck screeched it's wheels. It was someone

I knew that brought a thousand cold memorles back B.R. did not
stand for Baton Rouge after all. Thls truck belonged to the incredible
hunk of muscles, Bennie Reed. It had been over two decadesstnce he
rescued me from belng a lone orphan pregnant glrl of 18, who dldnY
understand the science of blrth. It was his cat.
WRh my baggage tightly secured to the headache's rall over the

load of bricks, and the black perched on the back of the seat eye -
level to mine, R looked as if my ride was presrdained. Now thin place
looked llke shR outslde, but clean as the board of health inslde. His
Itttle girl was watching the flxlng of an evening meal as Iwatched the
evenlng news. It seemed as the yokels tiere had no plannlng sense.
A traln was gone forever wRhout any plans.for a fast bullet or Amtrac
traln. They were talking about.'taklng up the tracks from the
MissIsslppl River to Rayvllle and beyond.
What was golng on here? Iwas about to askwhen the tray arrlved.
The salad was watermelon balls wfth stars of muskmelon and
cantaloupe, wRh half and quarter moon cuts, topped with papaya and
passlon frult sauce. The rnaln vegetable was a mlxture of pblkbeny'
leaves in tender greens, sweet potatoes and whRe squash. The desert
was llght Ice cream of Deslard Street. Sassafras teal Everything was
already in the kStchen and not because I was a speclal guest. Thls hulk
fancied himself and was tralnlng hls llttle girl as he had tried to teach
me when I was young. I could see he loved this child. Uke me, she
would be untouchable to him or anyone else In hls book
Twas durlng the evenlng southern supper that Itold him my plans.
Hls whtte teeth gleamed in his grins. He was proud of me, and said so.
He went Into the room and brought out a battered tln suitcase. In
was my old scrapbook with the map Matthew had glven to me the day
before our prom. Bennle wanted us to get rnarrled.
found out we were kin.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES-
He wanted what he thought was the best of the plckln's for me, and .
still dld. He told me that Mr. Matthew Thornton was teachlng now and.
was marrled. He wlshed we would get together and flnlsh our work on
the country. Blacks were eatlng off the garbage dump, klds gettlng
Wlled scrambling for food.
They actually had card board tents and pleced together houses
they were lMng In on the garbage dump In Monroe.
As he Instructed, Uttle Vet, gave me a plcture of the school r h o ' .
attended. The child was very explldt, gMng even the vague dstalls.
S h s brought to rnlnd thlngs that I had been thlnklng but had no real
reason to belleve about our educated lot, W o were In charge of
teaching black youth. it was palrrted ao clearly; they had wt~athad to
b e maat'lmportarrt to them, and that was a job. Our M& chlldren had
only a few that really atood tall for the yobth tM w ~ taught
e The
story of what was golng on behlnd school howe doom for money, war
alckenlng. ,
-..
There was a Mr. Matthew Wllllarns who was a just guy. She told me
that Mr. M m e w Thornton always lock& out for her. He always
bemended her and would tell her to go dlrectfy home and lock her
doom untll her dad got home. He would actually drlve by her ttrest
I asked her H he b e w what Gs golng on st school and I was told, thet
they all knew.
- .. Bennle, he gave me the up to date review ofthelr governingbody+
The Pollce Jury. I told hlm no other m e In the unlon had such
. anlmals a s a Pollca Jury. Only Loulslane, and R was not ConrttMlonal.
- The thlng was rellglous and the Cethollc Church originated R and It
war kept because of me Black Code that went with R to kwp n l g ~ m
In Ilnc
-
He was llke a chlld soaking up Informdon. Thls blg hame of

.. '
tnuscles wanted an education and R show&. Ignorance We8 a

- handicap. I was hls educstlon.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
-
He had an Investment in me that he had paid tor and It had to be
protected. I was his salvation, the person that had gotten the
knowledge to go after the records to save the prlde of the black south. .
He had knowledge by word of mouth of hls daddy, who was now dead.
An educated man and black, he would say so proudly.
He told us about Thomasfown and why they had came here. It was
black and they had turned R white. I t turned before he arrlved. .He had
an ax to grind, he knew Iwould turn the wheel. Thls man would back
me to ilfe's end.
The plcture he painted that nlght was not pretty In the least. It was
horrtble. He told me of a new klnd of Kluc:.The reblrth of the White
Camorra. Because t h e mlxed blood Spanlsh stores were belng shut
down by chaln stores. I plcked up one of my old dlctlonarles and
-
found the word. T'was an ftalian Secret Order Society organized In
-
Naples, c, 1820.
It became politically powerful and later notorlous for terror,

blackmail and violence. Thelr actlons were camorist. Then there was
the old rellglous Kluckers. No wonder these people had no growth
plans. Icould clearly see there was too much hate for it to grori. He
reached out and gathered us in hls arms and sald.
. "Iam on your slde. In fact Iwlll back you H you keep m)~books.'?
W o u t watting on an answei h e was gone, locklng us In. As if my
mind was belng read, Uttle Vee sald.
"Aunt Tlati, Ihave keys t o the car and a ladder for gettlng us out
In an emergency. He Is protecting us. Here are some towels and
soap."
Long after bedtlme, the mornlng ride was stlll on my mind. The
dliapldated old buildlngs being torn down with no new structures in
slght What the hell were they doing? Bennle, they are eraslng Black
history! They could get a hlstorlc grant, but Monroe's hlstory is black
and these shits know It. I got some kind of work lald out for me, I had
told hlrn earller. Matthew was now married. I could nateoaage his
help or support
RETURN OF THE ANCI€NT ONES..
I went to sbep with the black cat looking out thr window.
Yes, I dreamed of the Andent Onma. lhr old c;owned Empreu had
on diamonds and JewelsI'd never wttneasod in my I M m e . A tan of
painted hathem attached to palmetto branch. She bidod ma to
approach her and $he gave ma a rcron with a h.thmd pan and u l d .
WIW UIURESYAH m DAH UOUNWAH, W A S ~ A W . ~She
touch4 tho cat with r dlamond4udd.d altvar rceptrr urd ll turned
into a pretty blrd alnglng on the wlndaw lgl. By thh blrd, I wan
awakmnd. The cat wu gone.
INVENTORS
"Finding The M W n g Unk!"
No1 I t Is not glven to mankind to tell the whole truth wWout

polishing it up a bk to get the sound effect that s u b hls lylng fancy to
mlaiead hls readers. Thelr lies spells WASHITAW, W-ACH-I-T-A
The Washltaw Natlon are a black, bushy-headed people, llke Solomon,
who was black And, hls head was bushy. I recommend you read
Songs of Solomon 1:5 and 6, hls head chapter 5:ll. When the
exploiters came we were already herel
When ~ o d c r e a t e dAdam he was smart enough. Yes he Invented
readlng and w r ~ n gas his Creator was a writer. Adam wrote the books
of Adam, Genesls 5:l. God wrote the commandments on a table of
stone whan HE wrote a pattern or the blueprint of how to build a
Mound for our people. The mounds bulb by God's blueprint Is right
here in the WASHITAW OF DUGDAHMOUNDYAH: Exodus 20:20-26.
Now \ M e slck, half starved, Dlego couldnY by no means, pllot i3

ship. In fact, that was not hls name. See'Columbusls logue. Ido'*f
want to take from an Innocent chlld, all Iwant you to dlgest Is the fact
that PIetro ElNegro or Peter the black nlgger was the pllot or navigator
of the Nlna, the lead of Mr. Columbus's ships. That is why the word,
"nlgger" doesn't bother me. Itake one "G" out and Ihave NIGER tfie
missing link has always been here.' Black1
-
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
All men came from a black pair. However, the most educated
. would rather teach a lie that h e came from a monkey, wtthout
explalnlng wko made the monkey. The white lies about the rnisslng
link, stlnks. What Columbus did find was a city of black people who
fed him and gave hlm gifts. Gold and cotton cloth, which they, the
blacks, had manufactured. I can lrnaglne his eurpriae.
What in the world 1s that skating across that water? A blp fbh, a
aWff or rhat? That must have been the question. Menl Black! Where
are we, back In AMca? That must have been thelr reply. Our
irnaglnaflons can play with us o n the reactions in 1492 AD. The real
tnrth k In Columbus's Sea Logus:
1 A Man? Black ! I
.
-.
Piew El NegrHo. That Is Peter the nlgger. The pllot or navigator

Qf the had shlp came on deck to take control. No one bowed to the
sallom as history tells US. 01 course history can say It the way they
were pleased to write as it was his-dory, It would h a v ~ b e e nmuch
easier on all of us ifthey had just written the plain truth Ilk? Columbus
wrote tt in his sea logue:
RRURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
Thls Klng who was black did not come to a common ship, Admlral.
He bade Columbus to come to him. In thls city, was a factory that . .
made cloth from cotton. They gave the hungry sailors food (see facts
from his logue with map drawn for or by Columbus, in hls own words).
Why dld history lle? It was hls-story and he told his story as he
wanted the readlng public to believe it. A lie goes or runs a long time
accordlng to folklore, but finally, the good old truth'overtakes.and
boxes it's ears.
The truth Is the real mlsslng link In the hls-story, taught to ou; '
chlldren, black and whHe. When the truth Is left out, history becomes
a lie. A white-washed l l e l That is where the statement "little whfte Iles"
... ...
came from hls-story .his lie. The mlsslng llnk is the dlscovery of
America b'y Mr. Christopher Columbus. Thls discovery Is filled so full
of lles, It you would try to eliminate some of the lles, there would be no
dlscovery to read about. The llnks have been left out of the chaln of
discoveries to make a sound effect that makes good readlng. A whRe
Ile does not make It a rlghteous Ile. Thls whne lle is worst than all
...
black lles that have ever been told. Thls l i e Is a whtte man's lle his-
story. The white woman was not writlng then. They were not allowed
to sall or discover then.
Mr. Columbus was not a stranger to black men. He was from Spaln
and got hls knowledge of the sea from black men. The Black Moors
had led Spaln for 800 years, prlor to 1492. The Admlral on the lead
-
shlp was PIetro El Nlgrflo, or Mr. Peter The Nlgger, as he was callqd,
even then. That Is the reason why the word does not rock my boat
Even a atupid person would know that a ltttle slck boy named, Dlego
did not navigate the lead shlp. He was under-nourished, he had no
mother, forever on the go, half-starred, and looking tor someone to
Rnance hls father's voyage.
They had no money. Dlego's first attempt to pilot would have led
to mutlny. It was Pletro who found them half-starred and fed them.
EMPRESS VERDlACE.5.
It was also hls arrows Wed wtth gold, silver and brass tlps that made
the greedy old queen decide to finance the trlp.
He traveled a many hungry mlle on foot Too poor for horses. it
was impossible for Dlego to pilot a lead shlp. He had not been to
school or on a shlp when he started out as they had none, untll he met
the greedy queen. And, H Pletm EI Negro had not been with Mr.
Columbus wtth that quhrer of golden arrows with four d b r e n t precious
metala on thelr tlps, old Columbua never would have gotten a shlp for
hla trlp. Iam aura Columbus ]unt like any man, wanted the oredlt for
hls I M e boy. But, one thlng he forgot
It was Pletro or Peter's arrow. He had found the washed ashore

body. He was a Black Moor w i ~ ohad'rbllng power 900 yearn before
the whites In Spaln. The nlgger as they called hlm then and now, could
wits. He kept a logue on hla ahlp. When Columbus made hla coplea
for the final one, he forgot to omlt tho name of Poter the nlgger. The
truth would be what really happened on arrival to these ehores. A
blackpan reached land first A Black Klng was found on the shores
to greet @at a h a 1 of guesls from the sea. All of thls 1s In Columbus'
iogues.
Why was H not Included In hls-story? Your gueas is as good as

mlne, but we In thls book are not guestlng here. Thls in not your usual
guesalng gamc Hlstory taught w that thare poor people were so
MgMenedthat they thought a God had turned to many wtrlte Gods and
came mhore, and these poor people bowed on thelr knees tathe whRe '
man. What a lle?
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
What Mr. Columbus got was a welcome and hospitality. Now,

being white he tried to get this King to be the one to come to him. But,
let us read Columbus's own words and see his own map. The missing
truth. This was a beautiful city and handsomely constructed. By the
engineers of today, is one of the wonders of the building world. Who
can say that they were not civilized as they had a government. The
white man has always lied to cover a reason for hls plunder of other
natlons.
EMPRESS YERDLACEE..
We do not want to dwell to much on Mr. Columbus' voyage, as he

never made R to the Washitaw himself. The later followers found their
way to a rlch valley by following the route or road of the negroes. The
water way was used as roads. Thls one is called Rio Negro. That Is
what Washiiw meant.. btack This Is why they, the M i a men had to
change a word or substitute a word for Washitaw. But R's sound never
changed. This does not mean all of the whites were wicked. they were
making a name for themselves. This was important to them then and
now. The truth may hurt a tiny bit, but we've got to tell it &white 118
does not make a lie a good lie. A lie is a lie! The time has come for us
to pull the cover off the lie whereas, the naked truth can come forth,
without any clothes on, just bare facts.
fETURN OF THE ANClEtfT ONES...
Cd~r149l~ofX~~*lop.dndomdunmkdvdslru~
4
HLSP OIA
f i ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ k n ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ k m a o / ~ n ~ a ~ o d ~ ~
....---.y.
*Guacanagarl would no( go tb ma& the e h l p bu! r6.cluldy W e d

thal Columbus corns to h h village. Eventualty, on Dscernbw23, Columbus
and a large patty of Spanlards dld pay hlm vklt. All d tho Indlms
returned with the C h r l a t l a ~l o the village, wttlch Columbw dlma to be the
largeat and hsi arranged wlth atreate than ury ather d thou prued
through and found up to thot tlme... Finally the cdclque u m e to thorn and
the whole town, more than two thourand psnons, grtharod In th.plaza,
whlch war vary well swept
.Thb Klng w u very courtwua to the people horn tha ohlpq a d wch
ofthe common w o ~ l brouaM
s them rornathlnn to e d and drlnk. M.rmrd
the Klng gave io h c h on; some of the p 1 . k of cotton doth tM ths =.
women wear, and parrots for !he Admlral, and &In pl- Of Odd. The .
common people a b o gave the mllors w m e of Ula u m e plstsr dcfoth, a d
other thlnp. horn thelr h o u w , for amall thlngo thd the Spur&&
sue
them, whlch, from the way they receked them, cberned to be s d d M
u c r drellu .
--
No redmen bowed to Columbus when he reached these ahoras.

That was a great b i g white hlstorlcal 110. He saw black men first They
wlned and d l n e d a hungry Columbus and hls crew and gave them glftJ
and food to return wtth. ..."
1s a true saying If you arm a snake In your
bosom and feed him, that snake wlll surely bHe you in return." Take
t h e Columbus lesson In your bosom a n d learn it wall. A snake Is a
snake, r e g a r d l e s s to the breed, c o l o r or klnd.
ii
-
EMPRESS VERDfACEE..
...
The next thlng we must digest Is when he arrived, Columbus
found a Black Klng I n power who dld not bow to him and dld not come
one step to greet hlm, but sent an envoy to bring them a greeffng that
they could land on shore. If Columbus found a people here governed
b y a Klng, he dld not discover anythlngl It had been already
discovered and was In operatlon. The old lle is what has to be
removed. The people of the Klngdorn when ~ o l u m b u aarrived were in
the business of fannlng, flahlng and the manufacturing of products for -
inland sale and dld glve Columbus supplies and ald.
*.
The houses thatched with vegetation were for the summer

c o o l n e ~ whlch
, was refreshing for the vlsltom, whom they beatowrd
g h of gold upon. They had seven cMes (a complaeness of gold) of
Clbola, thdr home In the mainland. Not understanding the tongue, the
aallora atarted to look for seven chles. Travelem to thls day do not
underatand. Columbus himself, an honest man who knew what hla
Own boy was named. He would have uged the proper name as in the
logus. Diego Is a white man's story. Diego is tor Spanlsh or Italian,
...
' Ilks nigger Is for black. It Is a his-story the white man's story.
"Ah... The Black Caglng Cajun Queenl"
She was sure enough black, even more cagy. ~ h n d m o t h ewas

r
more than a Queen. She was the Empreusa of the W u h h w Do
Dugdahmoundyah. She'd properly lald her Imperial hands on me, and
pronounced the prophetic
- . ...
words 'You are the one." Thlrhr-two vean
ago, for seven years she prlmed'me over the telephone. - w e i o u l d
never.havathat personal one on on@convmmtion. Sha was dead otter
o n e a h She was t n i y an AnclerTf One.
~ 1 Z y s a ~ x . thls
The lMng legend was gone. She had given up thls old world knowing
I had returned. ,
The planned vlsit and secret conversatfon w u l d never be made.

Who would tell me what she could not tell me over the telephone. I
must have that knowledge H I am to accomplkh the purpQae she laid
out to me. Whhout the knowledge, wtthout my grandmothers well kept
secret, the caucaslam may forever hold m a y over our land. .-
the ~ f # t o . ~ a k e ~ t m a t wtth
f e s the I n d l ~ a n d d k h ' S ~ ~ y ! ~
a -
4 T h k e Nomads dfd not claim ownerahl~of the land mu
govmmmerrt Dld'my cagy old grandmother give up th.ghbrt Wmak6
ha&
atrrlmr W e e n us, whereas Iwould sharpen my wftr a bit to it
all out Ismlled at the thought of her c a w calypo ldloeyncmy. Thk
woman left me a legendary fortune, If Icould only work Out me P ~ O -
Isat down and mote a memorial of her, for me.
EMPRESS VERDLACEE..
DELPHI KlMM WASHINGTON-WASHITAW

BORN IN THE WASHITAW DE DUGDAHMOUNDAYAH 5/4/1850
LIVED A FULL LIFE OF AN ANCIENT ONE
-
DIED IN 1967 AT THE AGE OF 117. -.
BRIDGED THE GAP FOR THE RETURN OF THE ORIGINALS: . .
TO THE
WASHITAW DE DUGDAHMOUNDAYAH
SHE WAS THE LEGEND
ON THE SCENE ;
A BLACK EMPRESS CAJUN QUEEN
shewanted it revived as a memorial for a people of her native

Idlorn, her own ernplre, the WASHITAW DE DUGDAHMOUNDYAH, her
consangulnlty, THE WASHlTAW/TURNERrrUNlCA FAMILY. Thfs
woman engineered her sons to many Turner women of h e Washltaw
Nation. A move for thelr children to Inherit the property of the Turner
h e i n and.reclairn wHh it the land of the Washltaw, No Man's Land. The
heirs had won a Suprema Ca@ Clvil Action In 3848,which iegal and
proper was TH-E JOSEPH DE.WSON ROUGESPANISHLAIJDGRAHT,
never sold t o the U W States as i-t was never ceded to France. The
who!e had arready beengranted to the Anclent Ones P_y Spain. It was
even furtherwllled to the black son of the Malson Rouge, H e n j Turner.
My grandmother did connlve to get a job a hundred years ago, by her
saying that she could not read or write. Yet, she taught school at
'Green Grove School and kept the Green Grove Colored Baptlst
records. She sought a job cleaning the court house floors in order that
she could leave an historic paper trail that did last a century for me, her
grandchlld to follow.
W R N OF T H E ANCIENl ONES...
I now had to flnd that book wHh her wrttlng and the designated box:
of mystery hidden In Natchez Mlsslsslppl of all places. I was to get a
certlfled statement that nothlng w a s In box 457. .
Then, I was to get the copy of the Unked States va the Turner helm,
end remember everything that she told me once I had thls lnformatlon
In my own hands. I could not make a move urrtil she dled. I had been
at a complete lost a s to why I'd have t o watt s o long. - Knowing my
people, s h e just may live s o long that her head would get bald, and
she'd get a notlon not to dle at all1
H had been foremost In my mlnd that 1 would not ltve to ever se6
the document Then came that one telephone call, that changed my
whole life. It la h l n g auctioned off In New.York. Gat tt by whatever
means &,takes.
"H was what, Mama Delph?" I had asked. Then she.told me. I was
shocked.
.M. E EMPRESS: A s ~ s c kCajun ~ uwn
The legend was gone forever or war she? I dld my baa to keep
my w b . The face In the photo kept comlng baton me when I %'_'
awake and her volce rlnged clear In my' d r e a m M a n I was aslssp.
Could thlr be a ghost? Surely my own grandmother would not be
haunting me. I remembered my daddy's d e a h and burlal mora than I
remembered the funeral. My grandmother had sat al the head of the
carka. I was on her lap or between her legs playlng wttfi her long
whke braids. She had called ine her own Ernpreu and lald her hand
o n my head and told me... I was 'We one."
EMPRESS VERDMCEE..
Her words were. "If I never s e e you anymore, rernembe~ ... if you
get on the V.S. & P.. .walk to the 33rd degree, and a s tar a s anyone can
see I tell you, It Is all yours."
By the prettlest bayou I ever dld see is the tomb of the 'Almaree.
There is more gold than you could ever spend. lir that old tar pit tomb,
around the Iron casket. I would be in sweats when 1 would awaken.
I would have chllls H I were already awake. I remembered all of the
telephone calls I ever had from her or I made to her.
.I
It was like same klnd of horror movie. I talked to Dr. ~ e r ; r yJones

about R and asked If It was some Wnd of mektal problem. He assured
me that It was stress. When It would not stop, I was now physically ill
and had to be hospltallzed. Sh3 dled before the sald auctlon; whlch
di'dn't even come off at that tlme. I vowed that I would find tt H tt
existed anywhere on thls earth. If s h e by any means waa true and
these three thlngs exlsted, I could prove her polnts. - I would Free A
Land that belonged to a BLACK NATION.
Nat Turner refused to be a slave. He's rather be buried In hls

grave. Henry Turner was dead. Joe H. Turner was dead. Fellx Exodus
Turner was dead. He we3 hung by the neck, like Sam Turner and
Monroe Turner and Henry Turner Jr. My grandpa, J o e was on the
operatlon table sound a s a 1865 sllver dollar. By some sllp of a whlp,
he dled from an eye operatlon, after a doctor asked hls daughter was
he Joe Henry Turner from Loulalana.
lsom Washington was sent to Uberla in chalns for hls twln lsham,
my daddy's papa, who they trled to burn up. He made a clean get
away and they held hls succession in an Illegal OuachRa parlsh sald
court. Whdn they found out that he w a s not dead, they strung ropes
around hla neck on the sald parlsh hanglng tree.
Grandpapa Washftaw was sure enough tough a s the leather you

sharpen your straight razor on. His neck stretched like Indian rubber.
The hangman's rope broke.
RENRN OF THE ANCIENT' ONES..
Gramp fell to the ground, whlstllng for old Palnt, who prancbd to tkte
rescue. He swung lnto the stirrup and headed for the river as the
asoes tried to shoot hlm on. It was down river lnto the old castle,
which the underground road has now been stopped up. My grandma
nursed hlm back to health. Whlle they forced his first wife back to
court In name and sold his properly, then polaoned her to clean up the
record. Both e u c c e ~ i o n sare recorded. When h k b u m healed, he
manfad the Black Cagy Calun Queen; The Empreaa of the W r M t M
-yah Her two eotu by thla martlago were Allen and Fred,
our aaddy. My grandpa's Wn brother's granckon
Ambauador to the Unlted States from Monrovia Uberla. The troy d m
turn and the aald chlcken eventually will come home to moat
Yea H la true thet the people of our naUon have boon mobbed. The
emplre has beon robbed. We are an Ancient Pwple. Aunt Fmnch
Ihr
d to'be 125 yeam old. Our Aunt Della lived to be 128. Thoy b u d 4
Gmnt at the age of 130, and he proved hlmaelf to br 150 years old. My
coualn Allce Is 122, my wualn Susan Is now 112 Our own gmndma,
the Black Cajun Quwn; Ernprem, 117.
-
Do you need more proof that they are Anclent Ones, who's lib
spanned by God, la 129 yearn. Your Ills span la 70 yean by Qd. We
are the remnant of the Anchnt Ones, the Mound Bulldan who dug the
Bayous to get the dlrt under the instruction ot Mosw. Thlr war before
the great earth breaklng up. My grandma told me to find Chaflle
(Grant) Wdker'a propla aa he may have told them aomothlng. T h b
war not nocmary aa I myself grew up next door to Grant .*
.. gmnddaughter, Ophella and I are Mends to thk very day. W h o n m
mn small, we karned many Iesaons from Grant. Such as thue u s d
ta b. a man called De Mason (Maison) Rouge and Grant war this
man's enand boy, and he was a King, "sho' Is you's boml"
G R E A T BASIN, CALIFORNIA,, I'LATEAU
I N HONOR OF D E L P H I A KIM-WASHITAW ( WASHINGrrO!I) S h e l i v e d

out t h e b a l a n c e of h e r e a r t h l y l i f e i n P a r r i s C a l i f o r n i a ,
and died a f a i t h f u l WASHITAW-MUUR A N ANCIENT O N E age 117. '
CHAPTER-
'"la Keep On A Suckin' 'Ti1 You Suck A Seed!"
Oh, how I wish I had kept record on the sayings of Grant; old man
Charlie Walker. He said once of us... 'Ye P.O. De Washitaw 'cept 'In a
little taint, 0' de Maison Rouge." I asked him why didn't he go to
church.
He said.
'Yew rnoom true rnoom Iwake up to de' sunrise on de' mound dat'
me Moses stood in hab good luck all dat' moom (moon)."
He pulled us a plum apiece one day and he told us to suck it.

When we bit it he slapped our hand with his little black stubby paws,
as Ophelia and 1 called his hands.
Then he said.
"I say suck 'ti! ya' suck de' meat off in de' seed, din' ya' suck
seed!" It was a plum success lesson I did not get when he made us
demonstrate it. I understand it now. As I pondered over my material,
I would eat the fruit of success. 1 would plum the line until I
succeeded. He could not read or write. Even if he could, the Joseph
De Maison Rouge Grant was nowhere in the Louisiana history books.
The Maison Rouge gave a name to him when he was on his death
bed, so that he would remember the Grant as he nursed Henry for
Mary Clark of Lewis and Clark ancestry, who reared Grant and Henry
and Fielding Turner.
I saw it all only too clearly now. It was divine providence and a living
God who made Ophelia and I follow the little black stump of a man to
the corner when he would start out on his monthly rounds to worship
on the Mound.
He would stop at each of his offsprings on his circuit. Oh, how we

wanted to follow Grant. Even now, I wished I could stand on that
mound that Moses stood on, with the help of The Ancient Ones. I, the
remnant with my consanguinity, have returned to our religious Mound.
Would we please always remember Grant, a direct connector to the
Grant of his boss, the De Maison Rouge like rant, he fought a good
fight and kept their faith until death.
Henry Turner was the blood son of the Frenchman who was "de 10s
doorpin strolldid' by a shoemaker, de' barron Bastrop solid to his uncle
de' King uv' Span who sent 'em to de' sea to come to dis' country wid'
his Grant." I was now sucking the seeds that Grant planted. I ached
that they had laid dominant so. long without understanding. Henry
Turner had tainted blood. He was the son of the Maison Rouge by a
Washataw single woman (Washo).
The Baron De Bastrop was a crook who had stole a Holland

treasury and was sent to the jail and was freed in war. He was a culprit
in France that master-minded the insurrection that beheaded Louis XIV
and Marie Antoinette, then stole their son and sold him to his uncie,
who was King of Spain. He was truly the lost Dauphin or Dolphin as
the remaining oldest of the King was called.
Grant was the connector to this knowledge, who transferred it to a

Badger of the Washitaw. What we lose when we fail to talk to our
elders. They have so much to give of the life one has lived. I laid my
research out carefully, knowing that I had finally finished the plum and
sucked the seed. I laid my plan to free the land. This was success.
I,a remnant was back in the land. The land of my Black Washitaw
-
Ancestors. A Nation the Empire.
We, of African decent, had discovered this Afrmuurican, both Vespucci

and Columbus were the Johnny come laters. We were muurish, in the
-
Africa called moorish black. We ruled Spain for 900 odd years. The
dark years for caucasians or dark ages, those were called.
The renaissance in a traditional sense, the term renaissance, which

literally means, rebirth, denotes the revival of classical white culture i n
Italy, mainly in the 1300 and 1400's. It also i s the label applied to
European history from the 1400 to the 1600's. Along with the Pope and
Princess, it was sponsored by the commercial bankers such as the
Medici family i n Florence. The study and writing of a classic language,
which was actually a theft of our culture.
EMPRESS VERDIACEL,
This was knowledge that was not available to old Grant, but him once
being present in my life, I was made to keep sucking up knowledge.
It was how they studied war and ravished our Black Temples, stole the
manuscripts and made our knowledge their own in the lying... his-story.
That is where the word, history originates. In Africa, it was the
caucasian playing the game of theft. In the North Netherlands, where
the mystic lay religions. It led to war up until the 1800's. The Reds
were the bolsvevics who believed in non violence and the whites as
they are today, believe in the violence of bloody civil war. It lasted until
1920. In the triumph of the Reds and the exile of the whites, the
treaties which involves us is one of 1668 with the Netherlands, England
and Sweden. It was under Louis XIV and another triple treaty in 1717,
1865 and 1882. To keep Spain in check i?was quadrupled in 1718,
when Austria-Hungary joined in. In 1865, also a Master Pact of German
and Italy joined in.
In 1801, Spain ceded Louisiana back to France after giving all

except New Orleans away in large land grants. The Neutral Strip has
always been a No Man's Land, ruled by a black woman, Venerari, an
Empress to look upon with feelings of deep respect, the mother of all
living.
The United States signed in the said sale agreement, to protect us,
our land, our rights, our properties and our religion. In these treaties,
she has failed in her quest to steal instead of to protect. I am a firm
believer in law and order, If the United States, a nation that made that
law or agreement, then it must be kept. The grants are mine and
rightfully mine. Both thrones are mine. Even the utmost part if its "His
Will, M Will Be Done." Peace shall come before the end of the
caucasian reign. As the spirit is upon maids and hand maids, that is
women (black), as so it was... so it is.
"Back in Ancient Times With The Ancient Ones!"
I want to move you back in time, whereas you may turn your head
in the right direction and discard your own thinking and think in the
time before the creation of the Ancient Ones; as if they themselves
have returned to give you a lesson in creative thinking. Let's now go
back before the radio clock before your design of a time machine. I
now move you before time was. We are going back farther beyond
4004 B.C. That is before the common year of Christ, 4004. Before a
Julian era, 710 was ever known. Before the 10th cycle of the sun.
Before the 7th cycle of the moon. Before the Dominica1 Letter B.
Before Indiction 5. Before Tishri 3761. We are going back at least 42
thousand years before your thinking a beginning may have existed.
Let your mind be active enough to realize that darkness once covered
the earth and the heavens were in existence. God created it. This
same God that created the earth, as far back in our minds, as you ever
thought back. I am bringing a thought when God the Alpha created the
word and the word was with God and the word was God.
God spoke His Word into being a God. His only begotten son. You
are a man, your son is manchild. God's son Is a God. Splrit of His
Spirit. They are one. During his creation in heavenly era, the earth was
void and without form. It was covered with darkness. His own spirit
moved upon the waters that covered the earth.
m R N OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
It was already here, covered over by water. Who so ever read this, get
out the Bible, whereas you may follow me and understand. Please
read; Psalm 90:4, also 2nd Peter 3:8 and learn how long one of God's
days is. A day with him is a thousand years. Now, set your radio-
active clock to ticking. God cannot lie. You and your father are the
liars. Our father which art in heaven is a true God.
After the day of Peleg and before the day of Columbus, the laws
given to Moses from God, upon Mount Sinai, were obeyed by the
Ancient Ones, way over here in what we know as America. We will not
carry on a guessing game on how they arrived. The fact of the matter
is, they were found over in a country directly on the other side of the
world, known to Moses? These people had the fear of a great spirit,
whose laws were obeyed by them. Even the laws which were not
obeyed by Moses.
It was no accident that three men and their families in the

congregation were swallowed up alive. All the belongings of these
people disappeared from Moses and the Israelites as dead. The
people that were in opposition to them being swallowed up did die a
fiery death. I know Moses did build altars to God. But can we deny
the fact that the Mound builders had the same instruction God gave to
Moses and obeyed? A God that Moses obeyed. Forty years, one land
mass?
We are not here saying that God gave these sinners another
chance on another continent with the people which were divided in
Peleg's day. What we are saying is... they were swallowed up alive in
a sinful fall and it was not necessary for God to inform us if He had
mercy on a falling generation. If he repented in the fall, we also want
you to know that God spared Adam and Eve long enough to replenish
the earth, and yet he died the same day. Adam lived 930 years. A day
with the Lord is 1,000 years. Adam was 70 years short of living a full
day. Adam died the day he sinned. Even the devil was not killed when
he took the third part of heaven with him.
EMPRESS VERDfACEE...
He was hurled down to the earth with the wicked people and until the
day of Jesus, he was free to walk up and down heaven in glory and in
the earth in serpent form. Which one of us can say that the Grand
Canyon was not made from that great fall of the third part of stars.
Now, Atlantis was the last to sink. Moses wandered in the

wilderness, not the dessert. Moses obeyed my God and his God. He
built the Mound of earth. Where?
Figure 17. - Poverty Point Indian Village Diorama, by H. 8 . wright.' The Poverty Point
Indian Village diorama in the Louisiana State Exhibit Museum, Shreveport, La., shows
how the Indians llved i n this famous Archaic Period site at Epps, Louisiana. The
houses were built o n raised dlrl platforms constructed I n the shape of a n octagon.
The houses were made of long poles put i n a circle and pulled together at the top.
Alter fastening, cross poles were used and all were covered with over-lapping rows of
long grass or palmetto leaves tied together. A n opening at the top allowed smoke t o
escape. The village housed about 6,000people when constructed nearly 3,000years
ago, between 600 and 800 B.C. A large effigy m o u n d was also built about 600 feet
long and 75 feet high in the form of a national monument.
(Photo curtesy Louisiana State Exhibit Museum, Shreveport, La.. Herbert E. Long,
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
One thing we do know is, that Moses did everything that God told
him to do. God told Moses to build a Mound Of Earth. Why did Moses
build that Mound? He built it because he did obey God. Moses led
over 603,500people and the normal ephar basket held 8 gallons. A
complete measure would have been 7 ephar or 7x7 ephars, equal to
236,462,000gallons of dirt. Now weigh up one gallon of dirt and you
will have enough for your estimation and the wear of the mound.
Remember that the whole earth belongs to God. He knew where both
North American is and South America Arctic and the Antarctic is and
was. He did not have to discover it. The earth and its fullness thereof,
belonged to the Lord. The Priesthood or Sons of Levi were there also,
being a holy tribe, they were not counted as their duties was whole
unto God.
The opportunity was there. The possibility was there and the
timing was right. These are people, black people which black Solomon
came out of. These are the people that the task of making mounds,
were no stranger to. They had used music and a skill to make
Pyramids not known to man. You may say the wrong time. The timing
was perfect. What we have wrong here is our time. The radio-active
clock time.
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The
beginning is not the creative days counted. He is Alpha and Omega.
We know not this time period. What we do know is that, the earth was
last. If a n earthly day is 1000 years, then a heavenly day is cornpidte
or endless for his heaven a n d at least seven times seven or forty-nine
thousand years in the beginning for the earth, before anything was
made. Each of these counted days was one 1000 years long. See,
you've got 6,000years o n you before you even start to count. Then
you have 930 years belonging to Adam, who died the same day he
sinned. Let every man be a liar and God be true. Had Adam lived 1000
years, he would not have died the day he sinned. Now that we
understand time, we can back the history or rather, the truth up at least
6,000years and then add 4004 B.C. and you get 10,004B.C plus 1991
equals 11,995.
fE7URN OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
If you would set your radio clock to this date, it would register a little
better. Then you could count up about 49,000 years when it was void
and without form.
Now you have your 60,995 years which your radio-clock keeps
registering. However, not any life was here except the Spirit Of God,
And, it did move on the face of the waters. He did not at anytime
have to tell you everything. It was not necessary to His purpose for
man. Blessed is he who believe without seeing how it was done, you
just believe it. It is the old enemy that keeps transforming himself into
an angel of light. We have only one real tight and that is Jesus. The
only times that God revealed himself without a covering of darkness
was with man before man sinned. His brightness or his darkness is
-
past Finding out how the earth did flee from Him, into continents is
not our business, but is a fact.
Where Moses was in the wilderness, must be re-thought and

researched again. That is why there are so many missing pieces. We
have our time wrong and our places wrong. I am sure if you or I had
been around in Pelegs' day or Moses' day, we would have renamed a
few places like naming the coast of what is now California.
Back to the coast of West Africa... Epps Louisiana would be direct
in line with the desert of Egypt.
F
i
t North America back in its nook in the cove of Africa and you will
have your wilderness. Now, if you do not believe it was God. He will
surely tell you. Ask and it shall be given. Seek and you shall find. Dig
for it as you would a hidden treasure. Get the best reference you could
ever find, the Bible, the oldest book in truth to dig in before you dig
into the earth. Truly, many people will be running to and fro searching
for knowledge and knowledge will increase.
Now, these same facts are in the Bible and the Ancient Ones did
-
not have a Bible. I am the divine name of God Exodus 3:14, John
8:58 and in Revelation 1:18. The flood -
Genesis 6:17, 7:11 and
Matthew 24:38. Luke 17:27, 2nd Peter 2:5.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE...
Is it so strange that Isaiah, thousands of miles away made reference to

this fiery serpent which could fly i n lsaiah 14:28?
Is this not also strange that a star wars was also fought by the root
of America i n this same region? Yet God has preserved just a small
remnant of these Ancient Ones.
God has a record of all things. His knowledge is past finding out. He
makes it known to whom when it pleases Him. As it i s and it shall be
given. Seek and ye shall find it. I f it i s his will for you to find it. Now
this world's end, you shall not find out the day it is to take place, nor
the hour, you just b e ready.
Yes, the Ancient Ones were black like Solomon and was of the
same tribe as Solomon. They were real ab-original black bushy heads.
And they came in water way by the route of the blacks or from the
ocean to the Gulf of Rio Negro or the Black River Washitaw it was
called. On and around it's banks was the home of the black bushy-
headed Washitaws, who came i n Shita Ships. No matter how the
exploiters tried, they could not change the sound. Wa-s-hita -
Ouachita, should be pronounced, Oua-she-ta, but it does not and will
not. It will always be pronounced Wa-she-taw and both ends of the
river is still black here i n Louisiana and Arkansas.
Now, are they really the states in the United States. God forbid.
They never were ceded to the Union in part and never will be. They are
for a purpose as God has placed his name and will so come often to
visit his ancient people. Let's here shed a little more light o n these
black people, a royal priesthood, who was born in sin and shaped in
iniquity as were all Adam descendants. the race originated i n Africa
after the flood i n the day of Peleg, when the earth was separated. This
was the day that tongues were also divided, language, lands and
nations. Genesis 10:25.
Almost every picture or suppose photo seen In a Bible representing

Jesus i s a blue-eyed, brunette white male.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
This i s one of the greatest white lies ever told o n the Bible. In the first
place, no human was able to take pictures at that time. Jesus i s
described in lsaiah 53:. He has n o form, nor comeliness. And when
we shall see him, there i s n o beauty that we should desire Him. He is
described throughout the 53rd chapter of Isaiah. Yes, his hair is like
lamb's wool, bush-headed like his foreparent, Solomon. He was lighter
than Solomon because his feet were like.polished brass, a beautiful
brown. Solomon was black and comely, meaning easy to look upon.
Tall, dark and handsome in our language.
Solomon was bushy-headed, black. His hair also looked like lambs
wool, bushy and black. Lets then, get our facts right i n the flesh before
the walk in the spirit. Read Songs of,Solomon 1:15 - 6 for color and
read the same book Chapter # 5 -Verse #I1 and you will find that he
was bushy-headed. Someone has not only tried to alter our thinking,
they have gone a great distance to whiten Jesus i n the flesh. They
went a great distance to make us believe differently.
They wanted us t o believe that a white man is the original and a

black man i s the ab-original. But, I here tell you it is the other way.
Turn it around and put our heads on straight.
When was the first white person mentioned i n our Bible? We will
have to go to Moses a Eber man or from Eber. Jesus was as brown as
the original man of Egypt, and could pass as one. Moses married an
African from Ethiopia. Now, when God had Moses to put his hand in
his bosom it became white like snow, then his repeating the process,
Moses' hand again became as his other flesh. Numbers 12:10 gives
you the first complete white person. Please read it carefully, it is
disobeying a sin. This is not a slander against any race, it is a Bible
truth. Let us not get carried away. Jesus did not have white flesh. He
-
came from a black lineage. Read Matthew Chapter 1. Meet a flesh
Jesus. The flesh covering for the Holy Spirit. White comes out of
black, but black does not come out of white.
What we are saying here is, the first Adam was black and the last .
Adam was covered with a flesh that blended in, down in Africa.
Out of Egypt, I called my son. I tell you he would have not been able
to hide, as a white baby in Africa. We do not have to change a true
record to make a document to be in keeping with our race of color.
Abraham was an Eber, a Hebrew, brown. His first wife was the fair
woman and his second wife was black. He did not have a white wife.
Now Esau was a red man. The very first redneck. And Jacob was the
smooth man. An Eber. Jacob became Israel. Both of the brothers
were Ebers or Hebrews, but only a smooth Eber became an Israelite.
Of him, Judah became the Jew. They all spoke Hebrew or were
Hebrews from Eber, even Esau. But Esau's sons were not. Esau
married a Hitite. His children became Edomites.
If I am not telling the truth, remember it was the white man that
tampered with it, the Bible.
Both the Jews and the Israelites lost favor in the eyes of god, long
before Jesus came to the earth. They are styled as two whorish
women or sisters. They have mingled and co-mingled and whored with
the nations of the earth.
-
I am here to tell you again, that the people who are calling
themselves Jews are not. Read Revelations, Chapter 2, Verse 9..
- "Calling themselves Jews and they are not." We just want to set the
record straight. Look at these ten tribes and the two tribes and tell me
how do you get a white lsraelite or Jew. Start the study from the
- beginning with their flesh mother and flesh papa and remember the red
Esau branch became Edom. Smooth, easy-going Jacob had several
half Egyptian sons and several of his sons were half-African as he was
- himself, an ab-originee, an Eber. Ithink we should have a clear picture
now from Adam to Simon of Cyrene and the learned or educated
Ethiopian Eunuch.
-
Black people were first and well educated. Not uncivilized. What
- happened? The Bible tells, "Oh careless Ethiopians ... you let him do
it." The white man rewrote or translated the Bible.
EMPRESS vERD1AcEL..
Who am I? A black, bushy-headed Washitaw. If you want a little

more proof, you know that Solomon, the son of David built the Temple
and was the ancestor of Jesus. Solomon was black and bushy. I tell
you here that he was like me. So was Jesus. Read Song of Solomon
1:5 and 6. Now read Song of Solomon 5 : l l . What are all these blond,
blue-eyed said pictures of Jesus hanging up in our so called churches.
I will tell you the preachers i n the black churches, you are what we
know as House or Tomming Niggers, failing to preach the truth. The
colorless man made the lie to teach'n his-story.
During that day of the heathens, when he married into Egypt and
Ethiopia and ravished, ruined and plundered, stealing knowledge,
books, gold and silver, fine art, medical science and other sciences,
then raping graves and making slaves to pain us for our sins as it was
prophesied.
I, myself; have no knowledge but from my maker, my Creator, God.

With His word, I have the word. It is Jesus I have in me and I i n Him.
The lying cover I must pull off the past and present for the future to
prosper in truth.
Long ago, the fallen angels of God became the angels of the devil,
who had also fallen from the grace of God. These fallen angels were
messengers of God, sent to man. Became jealous of sport, man was
having with the woman and them became able to reproduce
themselves. They transformed a spirit, colorless being into a man to
have sexual relation with a woman and to bring forth a race of giants.
Clever people with or i n trickery. These people knowing how to master
the white art and teach you it is black art. Take a black-a-moor and
turn him white with the formula.
The imitation of life i s what it was and is. These, a remnant we

have with us today. They are degenerated to a colorless people
thinking that they are better than the original and the ab-original race.
They know who the Ancient Ones are. And set themselves i n defiance
of the Ancient Ones.
RENRN OF THE ANClEHT ONES..
This was where my troubles came from. They, the colorless people
knew that I had found the taproot of my people and I had the
knowledge of who I really am; a remnant of the Ancient Ones. These
colorless people set out to destroy me, before it could be made aware
t o the masses of blacks that would believe. They did not want their
educated teachers and preachers who were leading the blacks to come
into the knowledge of the truth.
This would take away his-story that is taught in school and in

church building; an arm of the system. God is looking for the pure in
heart to tell His truth. This must be told in the street, in the hidden
places or hedges and throughout the world. It must be told. I am just
an instrument, not even fit to carry His Word. Yet, He has chosen me
for a part i n this Last Days Scenario. My purpose here is to pull the
cover off the little white lies i n his-story.
The documented truth, the research, the archaeological facts and

artifacts, the between the line, the folklore, the Bible, the archives, the
historical societies, the old records must be sifted, as only the truth will
set you free.
This colorless man is of his father and his father is the father of all
lies. There is no truth in him, yet he can be a redeemed son, one
grafted in. Many of them are friends of mine, yet they are not friends
to me. They are enemies to me because it is theirs to be that of nature.
It was not my will, who I was to be born. Legal or illegal. Only God
makes a seed, man fertilizes that seed in the woman which it is
created. One pot is mad to honor and another i s made to dishonor.
One nation rises up and another is trodden down. The earth abides
forever. We are living in the last of the reign of a colorless race. The
first colorless woman was Miriam, the sister of Moses. Bible Numbers,
Chapter 12. It is sin to be white, not black. Moses was an Eber,
Hebrew.
The Ancient Ones became a nation, they are the black bushy-
headed Washitaw and are sometimes called Doustonian/Washitaws.
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
They have never bowed to a tribe or King, not even their own Empress
or mother of the camp. They were farmers and hunters and did have
a government, which was respected by the Spanish when they came.
We know this by the handed down words. The rock finger pointed to
the sky. The great bird painted by a hand once upon a time in the
rocks of ages. The ones that once lived in the cliffs left their cliff
homes in the rocks for all to see, the Red Edomites.
The Accadian people of old Babel paintings and art still is seen in
their pottery. The exploiters could not destroy one bit more than was
allowed them by God. The Accadians were not the first or priesthood.
The priesthood and elders and chiefs did live on the Black River or on
Rio Negro. ,.
These people were black, bush-headed Washitaws, black like

Solomon. See Song of Solomon, Chapter 1, Verse 5 and 6. See Song
of Solomon 5th Chapter and the 11th verse. If you could see
Solomon's face, it would be black-ruddy and teeth white, his hair would
be so black and bush it would seem purplish-black.
We are the aborigines, or as Lewis and Clark called us, the black and brown,
bushy-headed original inhabitants of Sonh America. The Washitaw and Tunica
families carry the Emperial bloodline.
The Europeans took control of our lives and forced us to take on the names
Washington and Turner.
Many of the documents, illustrations
artwork and court records within the pages
of this book have been presented in their
original form lor purposes of authenticity,
some are actually over 100 years old.
INTERNATIONAL HALL OF FAME
WORLD HE@UARTERS
Spo;aondb?
The InvcNon CIubs of America, Inc.
A l U N T A , GEORGIA
Executive 'Committee
Dr. A k u d e r T. iWrhm%
T~lur
F&r md Chd-
INIm0dm.d H d of F a
Im"w'3 a"& of ~ c " c * . 1°C.
AlLI*., GA
Her Highness
Verdiacec 'Tiara" Washitaw Turner-Goston
Advisory Board
Dr. Gardo. Could
lmcnvlr oflhc L ~ c r Dear Empress:
Cwmm
As Founder I Chairman of the International Hall of Fame, sponsored by the lnventors -

Clubs of Americq it gives me great pleasure to bestow upon you the Honorary
Degree,Doctor of Humanities in recognition of your relentless efforts researching the
history of the Nations of the World and their treaties for the indigenous people known as
the Wachitaw. Your work, which resulted in the recovery of original territories and
-
propertis has earned recognition by the State of Louisiana and the United Nations. Your
perseverance in gaining access to the archives in Washington, D.C. and the many Lours
k h b i p M.I. Brow -
spent using this access wisely to uncover the information concerning the Wachjtaw will
Alkrda. GA
chaplain result in a legacy, unequaled, for all.
-
The htematioml Hall of Fame was established by the Jnventors Clubs of America. h c . to ~
honor individuals mch year for their outst;uiduig achieven~ents.As a 503(~)(3)non-profi:

educational organization. we are proud to give h i s Honorary Degree UI acknowledgment
Dr. Yoshiro N h s h
Tot,o. lap." of your continued work on behalf of the Washitaw. -~.-
I~rmmiud
Rchti-
Please accept our c o n ~ ~ l a t i o n s
Dr. Cbp.(a W. Hot-
Univcnily o f Go-". Alhcn.
Edu~ndon~ Sincerely,
Dr. C e o w !V.rra
Houdon, TX
Rzsrarch
M*bd C y i i Alexander T. Marinaccio 1

Holyoke. M A Founder I Chairnun
Donurtic Rrbdonr
Floyd Wanace
Lcdic. MI
firironmmfal Rcrehrch
Q o d Jm-+ C l r ( a . Fn.D.
Washingon. D.C.
Amhsdor-Al-LPqe
'What They taught In School
Did Not Add Up To Be The Tnrth!"
ITS' HISTORY, ACQUISITION NEGOTIATIONS, TREATY,

CONGRESSIONAL ACCEPTANCE, POSSESSION,
BOUNDARIES,
COST, AREA, EXPLORATIONS, TEXAS
RE-ANNEXATION, ETC.
I
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES ...
M E LOUISlANA PURCHASE FROM FRANCE
its I I I I I I I ~ I I .
I n 1f;SO 1.n Sallr clrsce~l~lcdt l ~ cZIississil,pi Iiircr and
took pitssrssi~~u of tllc c(tllr1try ndjnerrlt ttb it iu the name of
Louis SIV.of Frn11rel iunrl ralled it "1,uuisi;lna."
Iu 1699 L ~ I I , I , ~d'll,crrille
I~I. fnundc.rl tile first colony a t
Rvlosi, 3lississip]~i.but; dying svou after, Hcuille took caul-
111111111.
In l;OG t111.s~ c1,l8>uiztsI I , ; I ~ ( ;I~ iten. lncntiun on r l l c ~ sit^ of
\ ~ h n ith llrl\v tllo. v i t j o f XI,\\.Orlennc.
In 1712, S ~ ~ I ~ ~ 1I4I. II'o[lis I I PX ~ I V . n ~ i ~ t lav~ R I I Ito~ .\II-
11)inv(Ic C'rozat. a I I \ < T V I I ; I I ~ of
~ P ~ v i s 1v11o
, I I ; I ~;1111ahsc~1:I for
lrluc3 of 4l\,OOl~,l)00livrcr i l l tile Iudin tr:l<le, tllc gr;lnt beiu;
for tr;tOing 111.iviI,.;t.s.
I
Louis, by t h e gr;lc.c. of God, King of F~-;lnr?nud Sa.
vnrre: T o all \vbu s l ~ n l lsee tllese yrcscnt letters,
greeting:
l'ltc ci1vc \te 11:lvr al\vn:s llnd tn procure t l ~ cwelfare
I 1 v 1 1 t 1f I j t s i I I I I I I 11s. uot.
\ v i t I ~ s ~ ; i ~ l <tilt.
r l i na1111t~t
~ cc111ti1111;tl ~ bavc
I ~ ~ I V \Sr l ~ i c l\vc
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~I, 1 1 1 ~ .I , ~ ~ ~ ~ I B Iu11v I ~ Ircig11.
I : ~ ~ ~
t~l-s~.c.li f o r ;,I1 l n ~ s i i l a l t ,~ ~ j , ] u t ~ . l ~(II'l ~ ~l i~l y~ l l i ~ ri lgui~~lCi~gS -
EMPRESS VERDiACEE...
tr~:C'-; 1 1 1 ~trndc of o n r . l n ~ r r i c mc~olnuies. ~ s e (lid, i l l

~ I I P?:ilr risrccl~111111ilrcd a1111r i g l ~ t y l l ~ r lgive ~ r , ullr or-
ders to 1111drvt;tken ilisvo\-ery of t l ~ c o n ~ ~ t r i rnu11 a In~tll*
1~11icl1 nrc sit11:itvd iu tile ur>rtl~tt~.u part of .L~nrric.n,11c-
t\\-ec.!l Sen. Flnuce and S e w JIesico: and t l ~ cS ~ C I(I1P ~
In %llle, to ~vlloms c c o u u ~ ~ i t t etdl ~ n teurerjlrisc, ilil\.ill;
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~ n bplit.f, tllut c o i i i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i c n -
tion 111i;llt 11e settled fro111Xi,\\- Fr;:i~~.e ro r l ~ ci ; l l l f I*[
Jlesicn. 117 lueails of large rivers; t l ~ i sol~ligc(l11s i111.
~ i ~ v d i ; ~ ;t ~c f*tle~trl ~ cltt-;i,y o f l:ys\virk, to giw 11r(1<.rs for
the est;~biisl~iug n colo~iy rl~crc, nud i ~ ~ ; ~ i u t i ~ i u ni u :
.m~,risou,\r.l~icl~ 113s ltept nut1 ]~rrscr\'c.ql ~ I I P ]105~P~sioll
\vc 11:ltl tnl;eu in the ver)- Te:lr 1IiS3, of 111c1;lntls. cunsts,
nud isl;~urls,\ \ - l ~ i r nrv l ~ sirl~;ltediu t11,c ii111f of I l ~ ~ ~ i c o .
betn-een Carolina ou t l ~ ccast, ;u1110111:~utlXcn. .\[csiro
on the wrst. B I I a~ UP\\- wnr 11:1riu<1,rrsl;o o l ~ itl l C I I ~ I I I I C
s l ~ u r t l ynfre~,,tl~c-ren.;rs no ~v~sriL~ility, till ~ ~ n \ ovf. rc*np.
I I I that ur\\- c o l o ~ ~t yl ~ vnrlrnutn:~:~ t l ~ n t 111i:11t
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\vl~o:lrr8 cvucerued in tile scn t m J e \\-ere all uutlrr ru.
I I I i t o t l ~ c rc n l ~ ~ n i r s1 , i 1 1 I I 1~~1.u
I i l 1 f o : .ind a - l ~ c r ~ n us ,l ~ o ut l ~ ei n f ( r l . ~ ~ ~ n l i o n
\re 11n1-rrrceired, ( . O I I C ~ ~ I I ~the I I ~t l i ~ l ) n s i t i ~
a11rl
n sit11;1-
t i ~ w~ b f r11v w i d ca#t~l~trie.s, I ; I I ~ \ ~ I aI t 1irew11tl ~ yt111,I I ~ I I I C
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IC
111(-r(.e,511 IIIIICII t l ~ cI I I O ~ Cntl\-:~~~t:~gernus to our ki~i.:llon~.
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~I.,,III I I I I 01 t11r ro~~l~ltn,litir.?i
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r I I I I ~P O I I I .
n ~ o d i t i r sof t l ~ r:.ro\\-tl~ and n ~ n u u l ; ~ r t u rufc I I I I P OIVU
i n ; n.e 11nve rrsoll-ed t o graut t l ~ econlrllrrce of
the coontr? of 1.ouisinna to tllc sicur A n t h o n ~('TO-
znt, our couusellor, srcretnr.r of thc l~ousel~old, cro\rn
and rcvenlic, to s l ~ o n\\-e ~ entrust t l ~ rc s e c r ~ t i nof~ ~this
projcrt. TVc a1.e thc 1110rr~ . c i ~ i l iiurliued l,~ bercunl~,,IIP-
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t i ~ n c . eucourilgr us to III>]IC fur
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~ J : I C ~ I C\,\ - i l l 1 :tli 111e c ~ b ~ ~ t ~ t tr~ i t, ~r rsi.t ~ w i [1;tIirs
- ~ , 11-itlti11
1x1111.: I I I I ~ r11(. r i ~ w s\ v l ~ i r \fit11 ~ ( l i r w t l ~nr i u d i ~ ~ c c t l y
i ~ ~ tt11:1t , , pitrt of the r i v ~ *St. r l.v\vis.
1. 0111. plr;lsure is, that all tllc nfciresii.litl inu~ls,conu.

t~.ics,st1.~i1111s, riven. n11d islni~dr,Lv i111t1 I.O.I,!:~~D ~11111.
lwist.<l uudrr r l ~ eI I ~ ~ I I II EI t~ l ~ c~ ~ C ~ U I I I of P I LIJII~S~:III:I.
I ~
\ \ ~ l i i ( . l ~s11:lIl 1,c d c p ~ u t l t a ~U ~~t ~ ti]? I U ~I!IICWI~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ I . U I I I ~ U I
of XI-IVIrnu~.c.,to \vl~icl~ it is st~bordiuiit?:auci ftirrl~w.
t11;it all t l ? ~l ; ~ u ~ \vl~ich ls pnsstSss ~ ~ ( P I I I IIlifloi*.
rIt12
Lv ~lnitwl,st, f:tla ns ot.c-nsirrn ~.rtjuir.vs,to r l l t ~;I'IIVL.:I~ g ( ~ v .

( . I . I I I I I ~ . I I ~ o f 1 c . t ~1:l.i11l,.t., n111lI,ccoi~tr.p:!rt t l l e ~ w ~r.r5l2r\-. f.
i l l ? . l ~ < , n . ~ . v t< ~ . ~ . r ~ t tllc ~ ~ lil~~al.!y
. s ~ ~ t,fl ~rulqin:, ~ ~ s ns \vt2
s11:1Ilt11i111:tit, the rxtvut 11f ~ I I C~ ( ~ V V ~ U I IofI ~the I I ~ s:liqI
cl~I111tr~ of 1.r111isiann.
3. \Ve p c r l ~ ~ Ii Ir~ I I I to search f i r , open, nud dig all
s m t ~ . r fS I I ~ I I C Sxuilrc, , an11n~incmls,t l ~ r o u g l ~ o tult~ en.llole
r.Ytcnt c ~ t111- f said c~iillltryof J ~ ~ u i s i n nand a , to transport
the 11r11ritst l ~ w ~ ? into , f n n r ,wrt nf I'rance. rluriuz tllr
snid l7ftc.v11 j a r s : nl~rlt i c g m n t i l l l,cl.l~cttrir!- tn 11ir11, 11is
Itrirs, nu11 otlic~?i,r.l;~irliin~ untlrr liiti~nr ~ I I C . I I I ,tllr pis(qi-
1.r1.v 1 ~ 1 .in :In,] tw 1l1c l l r i l ~ r - x ,v<.i~ls. a1111I I ~ ~ I I L . I . : I ~ S .~vlti$.l~
l l < ~ s l ~lwitt: : ~ l l 1'1 IW;IY, 11:1yi11g I I . ~ ,i l l 1 i 1 . i ~of :11i I.I:I~III. t l ~ v
l i f l l ~I I I 1 I I l i i tllr s:li~I si1.11~
.
, . . .. ., .. .i ,i .. .
. .
i .,
EMPRESS VEMIACEE.;. . .
. . . $ .
. .. .: -,
I :
. . ..
,.
Crozat shall canse to be transported t o France, n t his
u\vn cl~argc?i,iuto \\.hat port he pluses, (of >:llicL tilth' . .
we will rlin the risk of the s c ~a n d of \varj, kud the
teuth part of what effects he shall draw from the otllcr
~ilines,veii~s,nud i~~inel.als; \r.I~iclit r u t h he shall tlnlls-
ft.r s u d c.onve1 to o u r ~ungnziuesiu the said couutyy 01 ., ..
Louisiana.
\Ye likevise p r m i t lliui to sea~.cbfor precious sfoulsr ;
. .
. . .
aucl l)cnrls, p a ~ i i l gu s tilt: fifth p a r t iu t h e s n u e mauiicr
as is nlcutioued lor tile gold aud silx-er.
\Ye will that the said sienr Crozat, his heirs, n y tl~oxe'
clninling under Liul or tllcul t h c p e r p i u ; ~ lright, s l ~ a l l
forfeit the propriety of the said mines, veins, and n l i ~ .
ernls, i f tl1e7 d i s c o u t i u ~ ~tile c \\-ork dqring tlirrc Tears,
an11tllnt iu s u r l ~rase the said ruiues, reius, a u d luiuel.als,
sllnll be full? truuitvd tn orir tloulni~i,117rirrlte,c~ftllis
I "
present nr:i~.le, \vitllo~lttllc fol.lllnlit- of nu\. pruccss of ,
. .
I : I ~ . , but ouly an ordinante of r e u ~ ~ i ofro111 ~ i i tile F ~ I ~ ~ c I ..c -
.. '! . .
:at? of tlir iiltendnnt of S e w Fritncc, n.ho .sl~allhe in tllr .
i d I ; nor dn \ve mean t h a t the snid i ~ c n a l t of i .:.
forfeitui.e: iu tlefnult of \\-clrking for three years, be re.
,
pllted - a r.nn~i~rin:ttory ~)ennltc. 1
,
r . Orir .c?it,t::, ~ : ~ r l i u a n c -and
~ ~ qcustoms, a n d ' t h e us- , '
n;?s of tllc !.~t:yornlt? aud s l ~ r i e ~ a l tof ' Paris, 'sl~nllJIP

.nl)serrctl fllr 1;lrr-s and c u s t o ~ n si n tile said c o u n t r r of . .
1,ouisinun.
Giveu at I 7 ~ ) n t n i n r l ~ 1 ~thc ~ ; dny ofS$pt6nlucr, .'
~ n ?14th
. . . .. .... ,
, i l l tile Fear of prnce 171'2, i ~ n di;f ~r-ir.rri$n( l i ( ~ i O t ~ ...
. .
'I
.i ,,.,
. , '.. ,.' , ''
~y t111tKing: .. . '. .. ~ C + S . .
. .
.
1 :.
. . ,
1 ' 1 3 E I . I l ' E . ~ ~ X kc.
, - .. :
. . ...
.. ,. . , . .. ' :.
- .
. ., '
: 8..
.
Rr'zisiel.rd a t P h r i ~ ,in t h e ~orlijment,tlrd.Fifi-i n d, .. , .. I
, .. .
. ,; I. . ..
t w n n e t i s ur ~ p t e m b e r 1712.
, . . .' . . , . ,. ..
. .A
I
,.
'
' . . .
."
+
. . . .. . ,'i. i. ;.
. . . .: ..., . . ..
' ,
. .. .
September 1717, it n.a* granted b r l o n i s. ,,<~ l l. ' .. ; ' t o " ~ h < . . . ' , I
Cornpaup of tllc \Vest,'' n f t e r v i r d thrt~C'ompdnT,~fthe Ih4lici . . . . , .. . - ,

. .., ,
( t h e llis*iusippi ~ o m ~ n r r c i~j ol n l ~ , i n od
> , n-llic~ && biscd' . .. - .
30ho' Lnw'a .\Jississippi s v l ~ c l ~ n ~ . ~ . )
.
, .
. . . . '1
. . 4 < . .
, _I . . . ,
. . , .
, . %.
.
'.
, . .
. .. .
. .
. .. . ,.
' . . .. .. .
i
47
. . i. .< .
.
.<
~
.,
.
.
..
1. . I.
RETURN OF THE ANClENT ONES...
Sorellll~rr3, 171;2, 1:rnurt. ccilrd to Spain tllilt lnlrtiw of

t l ~ cP P U ~ ~ U C (of ~ o f tllc l\lisz;isripl~iIiivrr
: L c r r 1 i r i : l n n ~ neast
nltd the tit? of I?\\' Orl&uus.
E s r r n r t from the order 01 tllc 1<i11:I I l+aucc ~ t11 )lous.
I.';ibl~adic, D i r ~ ~ t (;t~uer;il
ur d : ~llis
;111tl C ' t ~ u ~ n ~ r n ~ 141r u t Jlnj-
cSsryiu Louiz;i;~n:c, 111deliver tlic pro\-iuve uf Louisiuua h~1 1 1 ~
1<i11; 01 Spniu.
JIous. L';lbb:>dic: I3y n special iryl, done at. 17nirt:~inc~
b1v:111, S n v r ~ l i l l e 3~1, r 17G.1, of my o\vq\\.ill nud 111~1.1.
1notio11, Ilnvil~gcc3ed tu UIX vvrr ilenr arid best belr~vc~l
coueiu, tllc iiillg of Spain. and t~ Ilix succ.cszors, iu full
pr(I11ertT. p ~ r r c ln11<1aiullrly. :~ucl\ \ - i ~ l l i l l ~:III!.t rxr~.~'.
tiuus, tlie \vhnle cnuutr? kuo\\-u I I tllc. ~ U:IIIIP I I I.(nl~isi-
~
nnn, tngctllrr \vitll S v \ v Ol.ly;lns. 3113the isl;~ildill \vl~i~.h

the said city is s i t ~ ~ n t v d:111d ; lby : I I I # I ~ ~ act, I I ~ ~(1o11ea t cht!
Escurinl, Xovc~uber13, iu t l ~ cs;llne ?char, his catholic.
m n j w t ~I ~ n ~ - i uncccl~tcd g 111ecession r l ~ vsnid ronutry
of Ln~lisinnn,and the c i t ~nod isl:~ndof Sen. C,rlv;il~s.
n:rce:~hle to the co1nic.s ~ I tllc I s:li~l act:;, \vllich ybu will
fillcl l~ercuuto:lunesed ; I \\-rite ~ I U I this I 1rctl.r. to i11f11rr11
rnu that nlT; iutrutinn is, t11:tt ( ~ I I rvcript ( ~ tllcsc f 11rrs.
ents, \vhr.tl~ert l l e ~colrlr to ~ o 1 1 l~;:u~ls r 1 1 . ~1111- olticvrs r n f
his c ; l t l ~ ~ ~inojvsty, lic r ~ dr i r c c t l ~\I? w1r.11 Frcwr.11 v ~ ~ s s v l s
n s Inn! I)? cl~ar;ed ~ v i t tlli-sn111e. l~ !-',II :Ire to tlelivrr u11 ts,
t11e gnvernor, or o t l i v ~; ~I ~ ~ I , I ~ f14r Q I t11:1t
~ I I I I I . ~ I C I~t ?$ ~
tllr ]<in; nt I , t l ~ r*;lid I I I 111
I.c~uirinnn, as111 tlle l ~ * # s ti sl ~ c r v c ~del~curlin:~ n likr\vist*
the (.it! :111(1isli111(1of Sv\v Orl(~;i~is, i c ~ 1 1 ~ 1s t1 ; ~ t r; I T I ~ I
r n n r l i t i a ~a~s~tl~r-yt;ll;rll hr fol111(1to Ire 1111 tile d i ~ y t 1 1 ~
m i d eensinn, \\-illin= that ill all tinlc to C O I I I C tllry s l l ; l l l
belonfi tn hi8 cntholic n i n j c s t ~ ,to I I ~~ 1 1 ~ c . r n nnd r d ad.
n~inisterrd117his coveroors nntl r 1 f f i 1 . 1 ~and ~ ~ a s possrssed
br him in frill p r r ~ p c t r t n-ithout ~, an? rsc.c.\~tions.
At t l ~ sn111e
r tinlc.. I Ilnpc. for tllc prr~slu.rityn~lrlpr:lrv
of t l ~ ci ~ ~ l ~ : ~ h io tf ntin. ~ ~t.c;lr~rlT;
ts of I.nl~isi:ln:l,nnil prtm.
i i ~ y c l f ,f1-on1 t l ~ cf i 1 1 1 1 s l 1 i: I I I I ~ ~ R W ~ ~i l If Il I~ Ii s
~ , : ~ t l ~ oI lI Ii:<I ,,~ I . s ~ ~t11:\(
. 111. will 11c]>1(~:1$14 1,);i\-fb orclvrs t o ,
Ili* :ovcruor, :in,] 2111 ntl~csrt,flicc.rs (.1111110!.erlin his rcrvivc
III the said colouy, nud in the city of Xe\v Orleaus, tl~;lt
tile ccclcsiastics a u d religior~s llouses ivl~icl~ h w e tllV
cilre-of tile pnrislles, autl of tllc luissious, uln1 coutiul~c,
to escrvise their ft~ucljnus,: ~ u drujo?. the rigl~ts,privi.
IL,:?S, :IIIIIj ~ u ~ u u u i t i egs ,r ~ u t i ~ 1 1 tllvir sever.11 ciiarrers
11f r s t n l ~ l i s l ~ ~ ~ rte huatt; the ordiuilry judges do coutiuu~..
to;ctIlcr wit11 t l ~ csiilic~riorcnuucil, ti) n d l ~ ~ i o i s t j1rsticcs er
:!ccor~liu; ~ I tI l ~ e1;1\v?;,foruls, i ~ u dr1p;i;es o € the ce~louies;
thilt tile i~lll:ll~itnuts Ile prrscrvvd nud runiut:li~ictl iu
tln.il. ~NIS%"'S[OIIS; tinat t h c I~I I : I ~ Ite coufirlued iu t i l t , 1 1 ~ s -
S(,?S~CIII tllcir estates, nc.co~.diu,oto the grauts \vhicll
II;II.~. Ilc.rr1 I I I ~ I ~ C b~ . tllc :overutws niltl dirvvtors of tllc
(.011)u?.,: I I I ~tl~iltall t l ~ c;rants bc I~oldeonud t;il;es~~ :I'
rnu6r1111~11 11.r his cntliolic nlajesty, erru t l ~ o u g pnt l ~ as ~ 1 . t
cnufirllrcd lty Ine.
Ilrq~iu;, n l > ~ >all, ~ e tllnt l ~ i rc a t l ~ ~ ~111njcst- lic \ \ i l l Ire
plc~;~scd to l~cslr>\!-ou ilis llr\\- rolrrur of L t ~ ~ ~ i s i n tul:~~c,
S : I I I I V 111i1r1;s of l)l.~)tcctinnaritl good rr'ill n.1ric.L 'hrx: cu-
j19y1l \ v i ~ i l ~ Ia~ I I ( I C T IIIT ( l n ~ i r i ~ h inu0 i~~~ nf. ~ v i ~ i tlie
c i ~ 111is.
f q ~ r t ~ ~ ii tt! v sw : ~ r~ I I S I I C I I ; I Y ~pri~vr~ltetl their ex11crii?11(,i11;
grriltcl' rfl'~.rtr, I C O I I I I I ~ ~ I ~I I I~ ~I 111 I V;IIISC III? ~)rcs(.ut let.
ter 1 1 ) be r~.c.r,rtlrrlin tile s u i , e ~ . i t roiinril ~r of Tr\v Oi.len~iu.
t ~ rt l ~ crl111t l ~ : l ttlle s r ~ r ~ . ne sl t i ~ t e sof t l ~ cr~rlouyIn:ly 11c
illft~l.111~11 1 1 1 its cout(.l~ts, nl111inny have rivrrlrse t l ~ c r r r ~ @
\v111,11 I I I . ~ . v s s ; ~ I . ~ .A1111 t l ~ e1,l.rscLr1t11ciu; for 111) of111*1'
~ ~ I I I ~ 1 ~ ltl,;~y
~ ~ ~ G(i11.
~ I ~ Nous.s , J , ' ~ 4 l ~ l ; n dto
i ~ ]lave
, ?nu ill
1 1 i II,IIJ-
~ I;~*P~,~II;.
( i i v c . ~;~I ( \-~~rs:iilit~s.
.-\11ril21. 1.nT-IS.
Sp:iilr 111.1~1 1111i11.1. tljis. t~.y:rtv I !lirt~cij.l$:??:I 1.u FcI)I.II.

n1.y 10, 17J:v, i l l :I ilefillil~.trc.;~ly c b f ~ W : I I . C ilt l'ilris. IT~\v(.I.II
t l ~ rl<iu,; of Spain, tile Kin:: of C;rc:nt TFitain, xud the Kin;:
o f F r ; ~ n r r ,the bouudarics bet\vecu t l ~ e i rcolonial and nt11t.r :
p w c ~ s i n n sin Auirrica \Yere f i s r ~ l ,a line do\vn the middle
of t l ~ ellississippi 1:ivrr ;ind tl~rrrn:Ii the I l ~ c r ~ i l1.nkrs l ~ . to
tllc sen, 11ern111in~ tllc iiitcrr~ntinunlhorrn11:lry ( t n the \vest
6,l I l l ? . i n ~ c ~ r i rrt:,~l <~ ~~~ ~ inull
t . s ~t ,l ~ rl i n ~h ~ , t \ v r ct11c-
~ ~ ~)nwcs-
sion.g of J ? ~ ; I I I C irud
V (;rv:~IIXrit;~i~l; llol~ilc!i111r1all t11c F r r u e l ~
# > n s of tile l l i ~ s i e s i j ~ pRivrr,
~ u ~ s . s ~ ~ . s s ie:lst i rsccpt tllir to\Vu
of S ~ s i vOrleans and the island on x h i c l ~it stands, were
ntv:~rtli.dt t ~G r a l t Britain. By tltia s;tuie treat?. Slmin ceded
to E11g1:iuil all 111~1.por<cseiuus m s t of tlre 3lississil1l)i Eirer,
aud (irr:~tRritaiu lwtjc-ct~tlrclnt onvr to or:nuitc tliis :icqoi.
sitillu. 1 %tllc ~ ~ I F I I ~ . ~ ; I I I I ; I ~nf~ I I C;'\~rgc
II III., of Octolitar 7,
1ii;:3! the pmviuvr of \Yest Fltwid;~\\.as co11~tir11te11 as cstcntl.
in: f r o n ~t l l v JLississil~pir\iver on tile >vest to tl~t.;\plx~lacl~i-
col;i (In t111, enst. Dnrin: the I;cv:~l~ltiou;~r~- W a r , iu liTS,
t11i6 I:~.iti~lt tl.oollr iu Enst 1'1orid:t ninrcl1t7d iuto ns.orgi;l
i t i I ~ : I U I : ~ I . Tllc Sl,auizli nutllmiti(% of L o o i s i : ~ ~ ; ~ ,
t;tlciu; n(1~:lutn:r or t l i i d i ~ ~ ~ , ~ c ioft i rt11r n ~ Dritislr fo~ctas.
r~~;;tl~izcrl ti11 rsl~c(1itiouto Fltwi,lnt :lutl 11;11Psofiu i;tlci.e~tl~.~l
iu ~ . ~ n q l ~ c r iIvbtl~n g Enst nr~tlIYes1 FI<al.itl;~,that. nlabu t11c
ycnc2r*:il1,:lt.i t i t . : l r i < * ~nt
~ rltc c-la,st- 1 3 f tl11. 1 : ~ ~ 0 l l 1 t i o u a11-OL;
r~
1.otlr p"!'iIIcV~ \vcvcs rc*troer(lcyl t<,$l~;liu.
I LOrISl.iS:L 'Sl:.\SSl.-E:l:J:Er) I3.ic'K 'SO Fl:.\SCE BY

1 EMPRESS VERDIACEE. ..
1 Tbe fourth article of this treat' was:

I t is likewise agreed that the westcru boundnrx of t l l ~
ijnitcd States, ~vllichselnr;ltes thew frow the Spanisll
colouy of L o n i s i ; ~ ~i;s~in l e tbdclinuuel or ,
, the ~ l r i d ~ l of
bell of the rircr Zlirsissippi, frolu the uortl~erubnl~ndnr!.
i o f the said Stntcs to the co~uplctiouof the t l ~ i r t ~ - f i r s t
degree of 1atit11d~ north of t h e equator. Aud his c;~tl~olic
ulnjcstr bas lil<c\vi?;vagreed tll;lt t l ~ enarigntiou of tllc
said rirrr, iu its n-l~olebrc;rdtl~f r o m its ~ o u r c eto t111-
ownu, sllall be f r ~ o~ ue l ~ to h i s slrl,jcc.ts and the cirizeus
of t111.T'llircd Statvs, ~ ~ u l c s11e- ~ I I u u Iest~11t1
~ this p i \ - i -
lcge to the sul~jectsof o t l ~ r rpo~vcrsby special courcn.
tiou.
Propositions bad breu n1:1de in nud prior to t l ~ ?Cvu.

grew of the Confederntinu loijl;in~ to\vnl.d n ccssion of tllr
right of uari;;rtion of tllc 3lississil)l)i 1:ivt.r tn n f t ) l . r i p un.
tiou for n pccul~iaryroosidrr;~tion to aid the war (sf t h e
Eevolutiou. I t was conteluplatcd to offcr i t to Sl~iiin. Thc
h u ~ e r i c a uJliuister a t the court of Madrid si~;;estcd to the
Congress t11e C P S S ~ O I I of the .nnri;atiou of the Zlississipl~i
River to Spain, \\.it11 a vierv t o procuriug rec-oguitiou fro111
t h a t r o t ~ u t r ~ ;.\ rcsolutiou wns passed to that cfTcct, :lud
a n act of Congl.ess follo\ved xix-ing tile u~inisterf u l l auth0rit.Y
to treat for its c r s s i o ~upou ~ t l ~ eabore cunditions. This \V:IS
bitted? o11111v~cd.311.. Ja?, Secretary of Statr, x n s callcd
before C0ll;l~css illld ;':l\.v Itis rie\\s fitroriu; 3 treat!. of r01ll-
1llerr.e \\-it11 $l);kill, ; ~ c - ( . ~ , r < l i ~her
~ f l . uthe right to the uavi,n:r-
ti,,u of t l ~ c.\lississippi for twenty-five years.
Tbe ttvrnty.secoud article of this sallle Spanish t r e a t j of
October 27, 1795,was as follows:
Anr. '72. The two high contracting parties, hoping
that the good correspondeuce a n d friendship \vhirl~hap-
pily rrigus bet\\.een t l ~ c ~\\.ill
n be further increased bp
this treat?, and that it \vill contribute to a u g l ~ ~ e their
nt
prraperity and opulcuce, will in future give to their
. tl~otualcololnt.rce all tllc rxtc~lsiounud f i ~ r o ~
r v l ~ i the
cl~
advnl~tagc4 1 f b ~ ~ct1uut1.ic.s
tl~ I I I ~ require.
I ~
~ n iu d conrcquencc of t l ~ cs t i l ~ n l a t i n u sconrained iu
tile f o u r t l ~articlr, l ~ i sc:ltl~~,li,. 111;1jrsty\\.ill ~ I C I ' I I I 1~ ~1 1 ~
c i t i a c ~ o~ fs the Z-uitrd St;l1c3s, for t l ~ rl);lrr r I D ( tllrrr !.~.:Irr
fro111this tiulr, to d t l ~ ~ stlltsir it ~ncrc.h;~ntlisc. ; I U ~vKcr1s
i l l tlle pnrt of Sc\t' V r l ~ ~ : ~ a u ns ,d to cs111tl.t~ I I I . I I I ~ ~ I I I I I
tlrence \vithnttt 1,nyill: an? u t h 1111t.v ~ ~ tl1;111n filir 11virt.
f o r tlle hire of tlie stnrvs; null- hit; I I I : 1,ro111i-1.:. ~ ~
eitller to C ~ I I I I ~ U I Ithis
C ~ I < * ~ I I I ~ S S i~f ~IN,
I I .i i u ~ l sd 1 1 r i 1 1~ ~I I ; I I
ti111c t h a t it is nor pr~j1111iri:ll t o t111' iutvrescs of S)xril~.
o r if he s11(111ld~ ~ :1:r1.1- n t ~ I I~ O I I ~ ~ I I Ii Ic I .t l ~ ~ , l . c ' . Ile \?ill
assi:,.n to tllr1111111 :111t1111l.r 11nrt of rllc 11nul;s c ~ fr l ~ c l l i s -
sissi1111i a u c ~ ] ~ ~ i t ; ~ ~~sr;111lislt111~11t.
lisut
T l ~ c r c\\.as n11110stc ~ ~ n s t a l lt t~ r ~ u l 11ctn.ev11
~lc the i'nitcel
a t I I I I I I 1 1 1 r i t i s1 1 iI 1 fr~t~i~
1 I 1 0 0 S l l : ~ i l ~in, lSnn, n-as i u l ~ ~ s s ~ . r sti ~ frl;lilnc,l ri ~ ~ .
o\vuersl~il)~ of all t h e t e r r i t ~ ~ rSyO I I I ~ I~ t ft l ~ cY11i11,tlSt;lt~>s,
uon. i l l i d , I : I ~ I : I I I I : I i s i i i I I ~ S ~ I I I: I II I .I ~ tl1(3
eutire Lnuisin11;1I'l~rcllnse; nlsn t l ~ ctt.rvitt~rye~lllt~.:lrr.cl ill
the 'Tesns ie.nnnvxntinu i r f IS;, ;lur\ tlu: 21t.sit.ni1 i.rr.;in~~
by the treaty of ( ; ~ l n t l : r l ~ ~l pl ei ~ l a l ~ o .
T11rc:rt.q \v~.~*e 111:1dc: ~ n df e a r s i~lritcclof rl88.si11~. t l l v 21is~is.
s i p l ~ Ii ; i ~ c rnil(\ ]brcve~~tin:t l ~ i tt r u ~ ~ s l ) ~ t r t ; i t tinof ut11c [ ' r ~ ~ l u c , :
of t l ~ cI'nitt.J St:itc.s t ~ t,l ~ c%.a.
Ovtnhcr 1, 1S00, a f t c r tlltb alli:ll~c.e,Sp:1iul !,I tllr s c ~ n . t
t r e a t j e l f S:ln lldefousn, vr11cd t11cl t r t ~ v i ~ ~t t vf vI . ~ I I ~ . % ~ ; I I1~1t.kI:I
to F ~ ~ n c t\\.it11 - , u41 r ~ h t r i c t i r m sil(i t t ~l i ~ ~ ~ iI rJ sI I. ~ I 111.r
: ~ n c i c ~ nl lto ~ ~ n d n r i ca ss tl1r.y \\-ere <t'llcl~T'1.;11rrc iu 1 ; 1 ; > ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1
the 1tr11vi11,~. t t b Sl~nin. T \ I I c ~ i ~ ~ r s i ~ l ~~ ~I v~ I; I~1?r;111ceIt i ~ ~ ~ tn~
Spaiu \\-as t11r. g~iuti11; i 1 1 s ~ ~ w v s s 111 i c 1111,
~ ~ ~I ) I I ~ of I, I':I~III~
( a Spanish prince, son-in-law of tlle Kin:) c ~ ftlle (;mud
Duchy of Tuscnny. T h e clnnsr of cessiran \\-as ns f111lnn.s:
" H i s cntholir nlnjesty promisrs a n d cup~:cs o n 11i.i p:lrt to
rctrocrde to the French Itcllul,lic, six I I I ~ ~ I I I ~ I :. :~ f t ~ t. lr ~ vf111l

nud c.11tire e s e c o t i ( ~ nof t11c enntlitittns :~rr,lstil~rrlntio~rs hvreili.
i r l : ~ t i v ct~~ l ~ i rroyal l~i:l~~~t.sr, t l ~ cG.III<III!.
1111- 1)11kc.r ~ I':II.III:I.
f
or pvorincc t ~ f Louisiana, \\-it11 tl~c.S:IIIIC ? s t ~ . ~it ~n:nv
in the hands of Spain, a n d that it hn(l \\.11(,1i1'~tot.r p ~ ~ s s c s w d
t has -
...
iustructcd by President Jeffcrson to inform t h e French nud

Spanish (;orcru~ueiits of tllc claiuls of the Cuited Stiltcs
;~;:liust Spain f u r riulatiou of tbe t r e a t of llnclricl iu I;!)>,
in relaticrl~tn llrc unrig;rtinli of tile 3lir;sissippi 1:i~er.
Janun~ 10, 1S03, Jnules 3ltiaroe, of I'irgiuin, \rns avc.re(l-
ired to Francc :IS 3Iiuistcr I'l~~uipotelltiar- nud Enroy Estrii-
u r d i u 3 r ~on b e l ~ a l fof the Cnitecl States, nud iu couuectiuu
\\.it11 gcutleulcii nl~urc..u;~~nrtl !\-;IS to uc:~btintt. :I c o ~ ~ r c u t i o l l
t>r trenty t n s ~ ~ c i i rthe c riyht of \ r 3 ~ to tlie Jlis.siscil~l~i ft~r
l l ~ cc.iri7.c~~ of tllc 1:nitcd Stat,..;. TIw u,,~iliuatiuil+\r~!~.c ctlrr.
6r111cd10- the Sru;ite, 3ud ; I U n ~ l , r ~ l l w i i ~ t iof u u.$2:000,00U 11:lS
L U ; > ~ C for tlw purl~oscof t l l ~~ uG<II>II. ' i..
IIr. Jeffcrson, i l l tile eiltirr c . r , r ~ ~ c s l ~ r ~ ~rel;ltil~; r d c n ~ ~ rt o
this l ~ ~ ~ r r l ~\\-as n s eiull~rcssc,rl
, r v i r l i t111, dcsi~.albilir~ u f ;cttilr:
rid of :11l f!trtai;~~u c i ; l ~ l , ~ ~~ it~:If s r r ; ~ t . l i k i~~* n dt r r r i [ ~ ~ r ~ - t l ~ t ~ d i i l x
r t . rousitlcr.c.11 t11;rt 1 1 1 ~f~irrir?n l ~ I I L . c o l ~ ~ i t r y
1.v.ct~11 crl~ou t l ~ v;ivrlrrisitit,~io f ;I c ~ ~ u t i i ~ c u r1q)11111ic tnl fr1111i
ftcc.:lrr 11, uw;ll,, 2nd froill tllc L:tkt.s I , , t l ~ 1;11lf. r 11~.ni~jv!.tc~l
19, [ ~ ~ ~ i ~ l i uc~igl~bors , z ~ ~ ~ ~ i\VIIO
! s \vnt111I> \\-it11thy s i : i l ~ l t l i I ' t ~ of
s~nvcr~!i:!r, 111:1kcI.rp11r11frtt111Sp:ar~isI~ ci[ixc*us. 111' fricc l'r:r.sfl,
vr prl.l~:ips1w;in :I war \\-it11 tlrr L-lti[?d St:~tcs,1,1;1in1:I nu111-
iu;il vivttv1-yl I-t.111,"conclr~i.rcd" tcl.1-iiury, ; ~ u dt111.ojoin \\-it11
r l t v rr:rtiuu to \ ~ I I I ~ I I tile I ct.ssiaru \vns w;lde f u r n war tt) cnrrl-
pl~.tvtitle.
Ilis lr~ulicy\\-;is (11 sclcct o u r n c . i ~ i ~ l , ( ~nr .usd, tllc? t r ~be or
[lit, Iwst au,l )lost lir;1cvf111~ I I : I I ~ ; I ~ ~~ I L ~. ~ . 1111t rvis11 to
~ dill
%,I. I.a#uisi:tr~:~ :I ~;:III#I..\III~~I~~~~:III]~i.covi~r~.c.
It wne cl:~iillr!d fol. many -t.:lrs. :iftcr tllc recoguitinn of
the l7uilcd S l ; ~ t c sby Great Uritniu in 123, nod up t ~ i1S00,
tlrnt tllr Spii~li?ilrnutlrnritiils nncl E~r;lisl~\\-?re rnilniriug a t
an11 nitlirig to C ~ I I S Va S ~ ] I ; I V : I ~ o~ f~ [IIV I I IYvst :IIICI St~1it11 fruin
r l l t * I51st. 1)11ri11g li!lti.!17, ;iud t11v r r a ~ ~ i l \~v li tvI i I : K I I I C \rnr
~,
\!as : I I I S ~ ! I I I S ~ ) - dtasirrcl (I? tl,,. S11;111isl1 :lutIrt~riti~,s iu Att~crica.
(Sre t.nsc uf 1\lttt111t.Seu:ltor fi.1)111 TL<IIUCSSI'C., D S tu U r i t i ~ I ~
intvrfcrcnces in 1 i ' J T . )
T I l E ~~cI)TII:E.\IE?;O
T F I-nl~lSI.\?;.i BY T I I E CSITEI)
F'l';\TES.
-4tter the defiuitive t r c a t r of Iw;lce n-itlt Great Britniu,

Srptcrnbcr 3, up ro the rc;ir 1SO0, the qncsriuu of tllc
pwu:lncucc of t l ~ cCuitvll St:jres a u d t h e rctentiou of 1tvr
t x s t area sceulcll to bc of ?;c~i<nns i l l r e ~ r s tto Ellrope. SIIC-
\\.usu ~ c u n i ~ c e\vitl~ d \Tat. 11: F~11lc.c.11:1r:1ssedIJ: (;rent L:ri:-
ail), :lu;l 11:t~lu : ~ v i g t i t ,: ~I I~I ~l ~ ~ t t ~ ur~r ~l ~: u~l r) l~1vitl1 e s S11:lirl.
I r I I I I ~ I I Cfuirt.~I Si:ltvs S I I U I I I ~ I
: I V I ~ ~ I ~ YL{ *~ I I ~ S ~ : I ;111tl
I I : I , tll? ceb1111.011 of t i ~ vNissis>il)l~i1;ivt.r
t l ~ t , ~ v lnud ~ y , :IS in;tllF u n tllc si&. t r f Yrnurv t l ~ ; silv ~ t sllntti~l
scll it. TI!? ~ l i u i s t e rof . ~ 1 1 1 r~ u i ~ v t lStilrcs ;lt I'ari.;, X:td?i<l,
nu11 1.r1rni1111 11:1dbvru ~11:trgvd.: t f t ~:It<. ~ : t l l i : i ~ ~ v vl ~ v t \ v v ~ t t
I'1.ancl. ;111d S [ I : I ~II I ~~ I I . c . ~ I . I I ~i f. i l l tile i t ~ I I
I?KIIICV 11: Sp:ti11 of I , I I I I ~ S ~ : I I I:t11~l : ~ Flnwitl;~. Tilt* C C S S ~ I I U o f
L I I I ~ : vI I I I 1s I i t : 0 : 1 1 . l>r:111r.~
n.:~:. t~rgc~d? :L[IC'L.this trcilt!., 1') ct)usrnt t o tllr sale uf t11e cir?
r r f Se!v Orlc:ttrs, null tln. isl:iurl l l f l l ~ n tu;llnc io tllc Provi~lr.~.
of I.~t~iisin:r;~ t ~ ttlw ~ n i t ~ Sl:~rvs. ~rl Mr. I.ivir~;stou, our
Ninistt,r to F r a l ~ c fi~ilc~d ~, t u e t t r ~ v i u ~lh~11:11~:trtv,
e I?i~,srColt-
sal, [ s f tllc nvvvssiry o f his svllir~; the p~.ovince?i~nil\vrotr.
t n Prcssi~lrllt.7t~llr~rs~~r1 in S < l r . v ~ ~ ~ 1.502,
l * t ~ rt, l ~ :It spt.vi:~l1,s-
pctlitii~ll IV:IS 1bvi11; fittt,~lout I I to : I I I ~ 11cv111tyt i l t .
pr~,virl~.c.
O i l If;, 1 ~ ) ~ I I1
I 1 s I I ~ l i ~ n t l i l rof ~t
T,onisi;i~~n, iss11,.,1n i ~ ~ ~ t ~ c . l prohilbitil~:
; ~ ~ ~ ~ n ttlw i ~ f~~ it r~t l ~ ,11s~. .~.
I I the~ clritcd S t n t r s trf tllc city of St\\- CJr1c:ins as :I place
of deposit f ~ n~~ err c l t ; ~ u d i ns ~s ~g1::trnuteecl
, by tllc trv:ltc of
l i 9 3 , aucl tnilrtl ti, dvsignote a u l > t l ~ clw~iut r or pi;lr-e 1111 tllr
rive I I r s Grc:ll c s c i t e ~ ~ ~c.rlsllc~l
rnt ~III.II~I,:~I~IIII
tlrc I:uited St:rtr~s. Tllr I~~;.isl:~trrrc (11 Ii~.ltt~~(.]iy I.~~I~IIIII.
st?:~t(dd,a11t\ 1r11Itiiv1nvvti11~s \vtLrt211eId f < ~t lr ~ $r : I I ~ I ~ ~ I I , ~ O , I N , ,
('*>II:~I.ss ; ~ I S I I ~ ~ ~ I I I O I I:trltl
S ~ r11v
K I rI i ~g l~~ t~W:IS
~ ,: I ~ I I * I , \ ~ : I I . rte.
~
~tl>l.,'ll.
-
...
plied t~ sce i t captured. I l e preferred to transfer i t to the

I'uited Statcs, adding tlrnt n l ~ a t c r e rnation held the rallc'
o f tllc ~lissisaippi11-ould ercutually be tile u ~ o s tyo\rerfol ou
earth! aud that, cousequeutl,v, 11e preferred a frieudlr nation
sl~ouldlmsscss i t , rather tllan a n enemy of France.
THE C E S S I O S O F LOCISI;\SA TO T H E EXITED

STATES.
The cession \vns nlndc i n tlrrcc scpi~rntetreaties o r con-

v r ~ ~ t i u unf
. ~crcu
. tl;~tr,. i l ~ r i l30, 1 N 3 . I?il.st, n trc~:11!. of cia.-
. t a cuuvcuriou s t i l ~ u l ; ~ t i n~gn c t l ~ o drunnner,
, aud
tilllr of p:i)-lnent of the lnurcl~nsemoney; : I I I ~ Inst, n conrcu-
ti4111 l~l."vitlin:: t11:1t tllc. c l ; ~ i ~ofSritizcr~$
~rs crlf t l ~ cUuitc.11States
:~yniuatF1.nnc.r rrcrc to 1,c paid a t tllc Uuitcd Stntcs Trc:~sur!.
to tllr i1ulnllut # ~ $3,750,000,
f ou ol.(lcrs f r r ~ ~the
u Iliuistel. of
tllc I-nitell St:ltrs to Fr;~oc.e,\ v l ~ i c lwere ~ to be ~ i r c l unu tile
jg~intj~11:111cnt111. cnnclusion 0f tllc I'rcncb burcall to ~ r b i c l ~
1llce?;rc l : ~ i r r ~wr1.c
s rcft~rrcd,nil :I 11n:11d of thrcc colnmissiou.
011 l w l ~ a l ei l f the U ~ ~ i t c c States
l to 1~ : ~ p l ~ o i n t e dfinal
; de.
I . n r~:rtific:ltc. o f d i f f i ~ r e u r eof opinion, to lie iu tllc
3lir1isl1.r F i n : ~ l ~ coef F n n c e .
'].l:~:.,,.y r l ; s 5 ~ ~~:I.;UIYI:I;~
,s TIIE I:SITEI,
ST.ATP:SOr
.\x,KI:lc., .,XP ~rlll;l ~ ~ l ~ l : s cl:l:l~~ul.lc.
ll (':~scl.t-l~~:i'
l I . ls(l:j.
~ ~ 1 ~ 1 l 30,
TIIVPrvsi~lcntnf tl:r F r l i t t d St:ites of .\rncrica, and

t111. 12irst Cuusul o f tllc 1.'1.c11rb l;cl~ublic,in tile ualne o f
tlrc 1:rrnclr pcoplt,, desiring to rcrl1ore all source o f nli*
i ~ ~ ~ to objects of discussion mentioned
u u d ~ . r s t a n ( l relatire
ill t l ~ cr;ccnud : I I I ~f i f c l ~a r t i ~ , l e so f t l ~ rcourcution of tllc
Fth Ycoclt:n~iniri-,rill. 9 ( 3 O t l 1 5eq,tcnll1er, 1S00) relu-
ti1.c t , ~t l ~ eriglrts cl;~ir~rt~il I)?. the J-11itrc1St:ltvs in virtue
r+f ~ I I ( . tl.r-nty (.~,III.IIIIII.II: ~ t.\l:~rl~.i~l, t l l r 27111 4 , f O r ~ o h r r ,
17!l>. I>ct~vrvu I l i s (,ntl~olic n~njvsty:ill11 t l ~ c . s ; ~ i T'llitc~l
~l
S t : r t ~ s , nud \villill; to stre~rr;tl~~~n tllr union a1111
friendslril~n.l~iclr a t tllr tirne of the said convrutioo
59
I RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
was l ~ a p p i l rreestablished brtn.een the two nations, l ~ i l r e

r e s l ~ ~ * c t i vur ln~~. u r dtheir pleuipotenti;1rivs, to.\xir: Tllc
I'rc.sideut of the Cniterl Sr:ltes ( o f .itrrerirn), I J ~nud
~vitllthe advice aud couwut o f tlrc Sru:rtc of rllc snit\
States, Kol~crtIt. Liringston, lliuister I'lvui])otcutinrr
of tlic Cuited States. and. J;r~rrcs ll~,rrroc,llinistcr I'lc-
nipoterltiar~ aud E u v o ~ Estl;kordiu;lr.i uf the sirid
Stittes, near the G o r e r ~ ~ n ~ of e n tthe l ~ r v u c h1:cpnblic;
aud the First Cou.sul, iu tll' nalue of the~I.'reucl~ l~eol~lcb,
Citizvu 1:raucis R;lrl\< Jl:lrlx~iz,llinisrcr of tlre l'rrblir
T r c n . s ~ r y , \ \ b u ;rftcr haviu; rrslrw.rive~l!- esvliau;vd
tllcir full 11u\vc; :. I\:rre a:rerd ro the fullr>\\-ii~g arti~.lrs:
-11tr.I. l \ . l ~ i ~ r ~ ~ : t sl ~ :~rtivIc, r t11v third of t l i ~t r w t y
c ~ ~ u c l ~ at, , l ~St.< l Ildrf$~lrsu,tlre 9tl1 \-vndc'~nini~v, 211. 'J
( 1 s t Orroller, l S l O ) , l)vt\\-ecu the l'irit (.'~~urlllof till
1Lrellvh Iieliultlic and Iris catlrolic uiirjesry, ir \\-;IS a:rt.rd
ns fullo\vs: ' . n i ~ c.:ltliolic ur;~jrstyprc~~uise.- autl t.11?:1:vs
O I I his part, to c.c~Icto t l ~ c!?reucl~ 1:e~~ul~liv. six 1nvur11.:
nftvr the f u l l nud eutirc c s c r r ~ t i c ~nfn t l ~ couditi(nl~s t :rnd
stiln~l;rtinl~s l~crciuc t i e I I i I i i rlit.~
D I I ~ ; of P P;II.III:I, tile c ~ ~ l o uor y I'ri~\-iuceof I , t ~ ~ ~ i s i a u ; ~ .
n-itlr the same exrent that i t U ~ I V113s in t h e Il;~ndsnf
Spain, n11d t l ~ i ~i c t 11:rd \\-lien I'rancc l ~ ~ ~ s . ; ~ sit, s ~ .atild
S\I(.II ns i t sl~urllrll ~ cafter tllr t~c.:~ti,,s c u l ~ s e q n t ~ ~cn. ~tly
tercd illto bct\\tqu 5l)ain aud urllrr Starc+." .\II,I
\ \ - I I I ~ I . I . ~ ~ , iu I>l11~s1i:ln~.r. of the rrvnty. nus1 lba~ri,-r~lnrly ~II
t111.tl~irrlirrticlc., tlic Freut.11 t:cltul~li(.l i ; ~ - . ;ul iuvo!ltr.st;~-
1 1 1titlc ~ to tlic clolllnin. irnd to the ]\o-hv><i,>~r o f 111cs:~itl
tt-r~.itor,v:T1i1, I'irzt ( ' U U S I I ~ of the l.'r1.11~11 l:t.l~liltli~. 11,.
sirin; t t t g i v ~ t, o ~ I I P Yuittvl S1;11es:I strc,~~:l , r t \ ~ ~f f hi<
fri1.118Isliip,O < l t l i l ~ c r e l ~CI.~II- y t r , t 1 1 t ~.s;ii11 1'11itc~~l Sc:11t,.,
in tl118Irnnle of r l ~ vI'rvlir.l~ li~.l)ril~lic., fol-cvcr ;i11(1 in f i r : \
soverci;~~tr,tllc %?id territul.!', \\-it11 all its r i g l ~ t s:IIIII
nppurtvl~nnces,as tully an11 i n the sarrre lonotrvr :ks the,!-
hove l ~ r c na c ~ l ~ l i r cbr d tlie Frer~chKcpul~lic.in virtue of
the nl1t~ve-n1mtiunt.c1ntiun treaty, cuncludcd \ritli his cittl~olic
n~:~jf.sty.
ART,11. I n t l ~ ~r r s s i n ~111atle l I!? tltr 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c ::irti(.lv tIitr;
nrc i~lrl~~rlcs~l t i l t . ;18lj:11.(.1rt i s l : i ~ i ~ I ll<.. ~l t t ~ < i ~ i l : t t , I,o~~iri:illil.
:\I1 ] ~ l ~ l , llitc~ l s:111<1 S $ ( I I ; I ~ I . S\.- : i r . : i ~ i t 1:111tIr. : I I I < ~; i l l l~ultlit.

1 1 i I l i 1 1 .i i i ; ~ ~ i o I ~ ~ s . . ;11ia1 o1111*r ~ ~ ~ l i l i v c +
EMPRESS VERDIACEE. ..
nnd dorumeuts, relntire to tlie domnin nud snvereignty

of 1.nnisi;tua oud its de~~euileucics, \\'ill lit- Irft iu t l ~ r1141s.
scssiun o f tile c ~ ~ ~ n ~ n i s s nofr i rtllv s 1-11itt.tl S l ; ~ t ? s:IIILI ,
roliics will Ije nft<~rrvarrls ~ i \ - e in
u drle ILIYIII to t l ~ ?~r~ilgis.
tl.;ltrs nud I I I I I I I ~ C o. f~ l~i c~ ~~ r sof S \ I C I ~of t l : ~sirid I V : I ~ I ~ ~ I
a:ltl dctcunreuts a s u:n,s be ucccss11.~t o tlrcln.
.IKT.111. T11e inl~nbitnnt.=of the ccrlrtl tcrri1nr~-shnll
Ile i ~ ~ c c ~ r j ~ ( ~ iu~ tlre. : ~ tUuion rd of t l ~ cLuitcd St;rtt,s, illrtl
nill~~ittetl its SO:III :IS pussil~le,nccordiun to the priuciplcs
C
of t l ~ cI.'c.tlcr;rl C'ollstit utiou, to tile e u ~ o y ~ l l c ut , ft ;I!\ tlrc
ri-llrs, nclv;~ut;r;l.cs. nud i u l n ~ u u i t i e sof cirizrlls a-tf tlrr
I-tiited Stirtes; n l ~ din tlrr i~leantiuretile? sl~i~ll 11e n ~ i ~ i u .
t:~itrvdall11 ~r~.r~tcr.tt'~l iu tlri. I1.t.c- ~ I I ~ ~ I ~ IofI I their C I ~ ~lilt.
err!.. [~l"~l~crt!',nud t l ~ religitrn r n-llivlr tL11,)- proft~ss.
I : . I . l'llc.l.e s l ~ ; ~I)? l l W I I ~ \I> tlrr C;o\.cru~rlcutnf
F . ~ . : I I Ia~(V I I :~~I. I Cenil t l ~ : ~bet (10
. ~ I I I I I I ~ S . ~ ; I I - ?I .I I I , I I I I ~ . ; ~ ; \to
I ~ T I , :rvt ~ ~ . I I I ~ ~ P S , < ; I ~ ?:IS , , \!.t,ll to rt,~,vivefrtt111t l ~ et~tlirrr*
~ v f his c ~ t l ~ ~ tI IlI ;iI c J ~..t>
. rlrt: ?;1i11 <.41111itry ;IIILIit.< 11v11i~1111~
I J I I ~ . ~ I , +i.l l tlie I I ; I I I I , . uf r l ~ i . I.-~VII(.II J : c * r , ~ ~ l ~ilfi ~i t~ II:IS
. utbt
IWI.II ; ~ l r r ; ~ (I l~ yI I I I C .a s 11, t r i ~ l r s ~ i~t ~ini t the! U:IIIIC: o f (11,.
I I i t n tlre co~~rurissilr,vo r cut uf 1111.
I~llit[,(lst;1tes.
r . . lu1111c1lintc.I~ n f t c r tllc rntificntiou I I tllc ~ prcBs.
I . I I ~ t8.1.ilt.v.!I r l ~ cI'resitlcut < > f 111etynitcd h t n t c . ~ .:11ld i l l
I . ; I ~ < : tl1;111 2 f rlle First C'ousul e l ~ v l l1131-ebeen 11rt.vir1nsl.v
~ * l $ t ; ~ it ~ l ~~cir. ~o ~l ,r ~ u ~ i s s nofr cthe I'rcuclt l : v p ~ ~ b l islrull c
~ . ( l ~ ~:IIIt i t111i1iti1l.y pos1s of Xc\v C)rlei~us.and i r t l ~ ~11:lrts .~.
8 , f t I 1 8 , (.I,I~I,IItt81.1.it11r~. tn t11crn111111is~ary or c ~ , r ~ ~ ~ r ~ i s s i ~ r i v s
I I : I I I I ! , I ~ I)? t l r , , l'ritsi~lmt tq~takc l>rns%t.s>io~~: t l ~ vtr.no11s.
V I I V I I I I ~ I ~of Yr.:~nct* or S p : ~ i n ,\vlrn I I I ~ J - IBIS t l ~ v r r ,s I I ~ I I I
1-i.:1-.1. 1 1 ) IIC(.IIII,Y ~ I I I ? . 111i1iti1r.v 1,ost ~ I . C > I I tI l ~ vtil~rcuf taliill;
I ~ ~ + - I . S " ~ ~ !i111t1 I I , r 1 1 ; l l l 11,. e~nlmrkc.tl11s suou :lr possil~lv.
in t l ~ cmurse of tl11.ce u ~ o u t l ~a fs t e r the ratification of
this t r c a t ~ .
ART. V I . Tlre United States promise t o execute such
trr:rtirs nlld article% a s may h a w l ~ e r nn:rced brtwecn
S I I ; I ~:1n11 I I tl118t r i l ~ r son11 n:~tinllsn i 111(1in11s, 11nti1, Jr?
~ n ~ ~ t rcons'nt r i ~ l of tile i-nitell St:ltes ant1 t 1 1 ~snid trilrrs
~ r r~ ~ : l t i r r t l . ; ,otl~el.snit:rl~lt'nrticles slr:111 11;tvcLecu ng.cr,J
11~IO11.
I . I .is it is rccil,rncn[ly n r l r a n t : ~ ~ c otn~ ~tllc
s
c o u ~ ~ ~{ i~f ~ r c e :tlrd t l ~ cL'l~itldS t i ~ t r sto eucollrng(+
y1~1lr1.1.
tile t e u ~ ~ r r r l i ~ ~ ;of~ tbothi o n nations for n li~rrirelltime in

tlrc co1lutr-j ' c ~ & d by tllc jlrtwut rrts:lty, ruutil geucl-ill
; r r ~ r ; ~ ~ ~ g crel:~tivc,
u ~ e ~ r I11, ~ l11(~c1~1uluc1'ct.r l f bvth untic~lls
I I I u ; i t 11;is breu ;!gl.cvcl i~vtn-erurl~rC ~ I U -
tri~vtir~:l ~ ; ~ r t i et11:rt
s , tlrc ~ r ~ u c SIII[JS lr ct~luiugdirectly
II.J~UI F r u ~ r r nr
r ;ruy crf llvr c o l ~ u i e s ,1110tlvdouly wirh 111~'
l~r.o,luccarid ~ ~ ~ : ~ u u f ; r ~oft uI-r:~uc.e r c s 01. of Irer said col-
t~rrics; autl tllv sliil\s {JI S l ~ n i uc~?lrlirlgdirectly frtlnl
S l ~ a i no r nu? , i f lrrr colnuies, 1i1;rtlvtl ouly n-ith tlrc prcr-
~ I I Y C01, ~ ! r : r ~ r l r f i ~ ,of
~ ~Sp;~iu
~ ~ r c stu* 111.rv<.!I~mics> s l ~ a l l! ~ c
;~dluirt~:<l (111riirytile space of t\vrlvia ?.r;lrs i u thc port of
Ye\\. O~.lc;rr~?;, anti it1 nil irtllrr lc;.nI purrs of c n t r ~\virl~i~c
tlrc cctlc~ltvrrilury, in t l ~ cS;IIII' r l l n u t r r r :IS tlle slrips of
1 1 1 1-1ri1ctl
~ SI;II~.S u ~ ~ r r i utlir?vr!,v
g ~ Y U I I II ~ ~ i r r or
v c Slriiiu.
or nuy of t l ~ r i rcr,lonies, n-itllor~tlltrin: su~lrjectto nu?.
utllrr. 01. grc;lrer dilly 011 urrrcl~;~utliic. nr orlrer ( S Y ;rt.atcr
tultrlngc tli~luthat paid by ttic citizeus of the l-uitell
Stntrs.
T)~u.ii~g tllc spnce of til~rcn l ~ n l -inentir~ucd, ~ un otllrr
unrinu slrnll lrnvc n riglrt ro tlre S ; I I I I ~ 11ril-ilc;.rs i u tLc
l'qlrts of tlre crilcrl terri t ~ ~ l . :? . tile t\\-clvc ,vcAnrssI1;111 collr.
ulruce t l ~ r r e~ ~ r o n t lnftr,r ls tl~t.e x c l r : ~ u ~ofr rarificnrious,
if it slrnll take place it1 I.'~.iin~.c, o r three ~ ~ r n u t hafter s it
+Itnil lravc Lceu notifird ; I [ P : ~ r i st o the I;rerrch G u ~ e r r l -
Incut, i f i t s l ~ n l lt:ll;c pl;~c,ei l l tlie Cuiterl Srnttsr; it is.
I I ~ ~ \ v ~ . Y Cwcll~ , inlcierst~t~+tl thtlt tile object of tlrc altovt
nrtivlr is tt, fnvnr tl~t.i n ; r ~ ~ r r f ; l c . t ~C ~ ~ Jr ~~I~I sI ,I I C f~c,ig!ir,
~C.~~~
:11rd n:lvigation < ~ I2131tt.c f a11(1t t f Slv2iu. so far ;IS r t ! l : ~ t ~ ~ ~
( 0 1111. il~~lbqtrtntious t l ~ n ttlu, l'rcuc-b a1111Sl~:lili.sl~ ~l;;il!
111:lkt~ illto l11<- snit1 l ~ w t 1s6 f ~ I I Pr ~ r i r ~S ~d a t v s~, v i 1 1 1 ~ ~i1ni r
: I I I ~ s w t ; I I I ' I , I . ~ ~ I I : I l r c ~~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ! t~ hI tI t11v ~ ( ~C11!1~,,1
~ I s S1;17t>s
Itla? 111:1kt*I ~ ~ I I I ~ . ~ ~ ~ Il iI t~, ,I t.sl~qwt.>.tittn
I!! of t h ? ~ ~ ? < ~ < I1111ci II#~<~
~~~crvIi;t~rtlisc. I I t~ l ~ c i.lriit.cl Stntcs, ur nu!. r.i;.llt tllcy trr;l?
haye t o II~;~I;L+s ~ i r hr~;uI;ttio~r~.
ART. TIII. I u f u r ~ l r en ~ r dfclrcver after the czpirntiorr
of the tx.elt.r ?.ca:lrv. tlre s l ~ i p os f France slrnll I)? trented
upn11 tlrc. f o c > t i ~of ~ gthe ir~tnetf;lvor.rtl ~ n ~ t i u lin r s the ports
:rI~clvc I I I < * I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I . ~ .
- ~ I I T ,JS.'rite l , ; ~ i ~ t i ~ ~ t ~~ Il I; \;-r~ I I ~ ~~i;l~ctI
CC <JII this day
I,>- tlie. r,'s1>v'.tivc rnirti;.i~.r<.Il;r\-in~. f,~!. its tal,jcct tn 1 ~ " .
v i ~ l rf<srI I I V ~ > ; I Y I I ~ ~ (,t If I ,l!.l!t.~~ t1t1<*10 tltv c i t i w ~ r sof I I I V
ITrrilvd *I:IIVS Ivy tllc I'rt.l~~.lr I:t.l~l~ltli~ ltrior. to t l l v 3IJ111
a t fire frnucs 333-10000, or five l i n e s eight POIIS tollr-

uclie.
.
,lllc ] i r e s v ~ ~rnl~rcutinu
t ~ l l a l lIlc intilied iu ~ o o nut1 J
due ~ I I ~ I I alltl
I, tllv ~'ilrifici~tiou s l ~ n l lbc escl~nugrdi l l t l ~ c
space of s i s inoutlrs to d i ~ from ~ c this eln-, or snourr il
possible.
In f : ~ i tof l ~ \vl~icb,the r e e p e c t i ~ eplruip~~tcutinries 11:ivr
sigued tllr nbnw nlticlcs, Bntl~iu tile Fi~cuclinud Euglisl~
I I I I de@l:l~ill:, urverthclcss. I rile ~ I . I ~ F L - I I ~
tre;lr!. I I ~ I S I!ecl~~ ~ r i g i u n l n;i.t~c~l
ly ou null n-sifrcu i l l rllc
Frvuc.l~I:IIIX.U;IF~; to wl~icht11c.v II;ISC 11t.vcl:utn nttiscd
tlreir seals.
Duuc a t Paris tllr tenth ctf F1ori:il. c.lrreutlr e a r of the
Frenc11 l : c ~ ~ ~(30tli ~ l ~.~il,siI:
l i ~ ~IS03).
. F.I
I:oI:T. T;). L I ~ I S W T O XI L.
3.1.. 3l<ls~of:. I I.. s.
R.iacu Jl.inco~s. I L . S.1
C'OS\~ESTIOSBET~VEES TllE CSITEDST.\TES OF .I.\IERlC.4

.\XU T H E I'I:F.ZCH E E C ~ U L I C .
TIII. I'rcsitlrut of r l ~ cf n i t r d Slntcs of -1111ct.it.nall11
tile l.'il.>r i ' r ~ u s ~ofl the 1,'reucll l(epublic, in t l l r u;lule of
tile l;rc.ncl~ people, 11uvi11gby a ti.r:rry of rl~isdate ter-
i ~ ~ i u a l call
d ditliculties rclativr to Lvuisinna, aud estab-
lished ou n solid fa,uu~latinotlic frieutlsbip n l ~ i c . luuitrs ~
the t\\-o untiq*~~s, nud ltriu; dz>irt,u.;, in ctrn~pliltuc~ with
~ I I E5cvo11d n11d lift11ni.ticlcs of tile c o u ~ c n t i n nof the st11
1 1 1 i : i . ui11I I I e n l u l l i \;iD\11
Sc[,It-rr~l,~:r, 1'001, t u siatul.e the ],a?-lllvllt of tile s u u dllc
by Frarrcc to the citiwus of the Uuiteil States, hare re.
sperti~el?- no~ni~ratcd ns plenipqtcutia~.ie<tl~iltis to uny:
The President of thc Unitcd States of .%nlerica, b' and
wit11 the advice and consrat of their Senate, Robcrt 11.
Livin~stou,31i11ister I'lcuipotcntinr~, and Jall~es.\Ion-
roe, Minister Plcuipoteutins- n l ~ d.Euro,r E s t G o r d i n a r ~
of the said States, ucnr the ( ; o ~ v r u i ~ ~ eofu tthe French
Rep1ll)lic; a n d the First Cousul, in the name of tllc
Frenkb people, the F r c n c l ~citizen Barb; .\larhoi~.3liuis.
ter of the I'1111lir T1.ensur.r; n.110, after haring excllauged
their full poyers; hare agreed to the lollowiug articles:
> x r . I. TIIC ctel~tstluc 117 Fmm~ccto citizens of tllc-

~ ~ i t t ss[;ltL-s.
cl c l t u t r : ~ ~l~vfttrc* ~ ~ d t I 1 i 8 S[II of V e ~ i d e ~ ~ ~ i n i r c ~ ~
II~IIIII I : c I l:rc-111.11 l : ~ . j ) l ~ l ~(30fI1 l i ~ Sq)tc~i~I~cr.
ISl!O), sI1:111IIC 11ili~Inut.n~tli11; to the f(11101viu: I'P;III;I.
tinl~s,\vi~llil~rerc>stilt six 11cr cent., to colninellce from
the ppriotl,~n.llcu t]le nccouuts Y O U C ~ ~ C . ~1vel.e
S prc.
sclltcd tu tllc Frrnc-11 C ; ~ ~ v t , r n ~ u e u t .
I . 1 . The dpbrs prnriclrel for by tllc prerediug mti.
cles re [ l l , ~ ~ c\!-l),,sL.
. rt.s~1Itis ct11111>I'is?~l iu t11v t,t,~ljvr.
t u ~ 11t,tc2l :11111cx~tl 111,. l,rt~st-utC ~ I I I Y ~ I I ~allel ~ ~ I \v11it.l1
I ?
l v i r l ~t l ~ ciurrr~,st,~ ; t u u ( >csr~.~.cl r tllc S I I I I I of ~ I ~ L . I I I ) 111il
-
linns r$f f ~ i 1 1 ~ sTIIC, . c l ; ~ i ~ lcou~p~'isccl ls in t11' s l i d I I ~ ~ I \ . .
\vI1i1.11f : ~ l l ~ v i 1~1l 1~t,s\.(,ptioi~s
~i ~ ~ of III? follo\viug :lrticIc.s,
sl~nllI I I \be ~ ~ ndu~ittt.elro the I$ri~cfirs i ~ thisf ~)r~~\'i?ii~~u.
.\I:T. 111. 'l'l~e l~ri11ri1xlI :111<1iutercsc of the siiid cl<.Ibt?
sI1i111\ I ? iliscl~:mr;c<lby ruite.11 S t i ~ t c s11y , orders ~ I K I \ Y I I
I t1n.i~ I I I ~ U ~ S I l' l ~ i l t ~ i uu ~ rt ly~ r i r'l'rci~stlr?.
I I S I : I IIL* ~ I : I ? . ~ I I I c sixty clilys nfrcr tllc. 1,s.
c l ~ : i n cof l . ; l t i f i c ; l ~ i oi~> fl ~r l l i ! tr.t.;lry nud tllc cullx-eutian~l
si;l~v~l111isI I : I ~ ~ .I I L;~l't?r
I ~~~1ssessi1111 sII~III bi* ; ~ \ ' I ~ I Ii f f
1 1 i i 1 11)- r l ~ c~ ~ ~ l ~ l ~ of ~ ~Fruucr i a ~ to i ~tllust.
~ u 111 e ~ . ~
the 1-1lirt.cISti1tt.s.
I . 1 . Ir is t.sprvssl>- ngl'ced, tll;tt the prcccrliu;
nrtic11.s sII;III P ~ ~ I I I ] ~ ~ c ~ uo I I ~ clcL~[s
I I ~ I 1811tSIIVII ns ;II.C tl~tt-
~ I citizc.us
I ilf t l I-~litt*tL
~ ~ Sr;trrst \vht, hi~vt:bvcbu :111\l :!re
yet rret1itltl.s c > f I.'~;IIII.(., f o l . s i l ~ ~ l l l i cfor s , c l ~ l l ~ n r g ~i11111 ~es,
prizts 1 1 1 i l t 1 ~ilt senl i l l \!-l~icl~ tllc i11111ealIlns bc.cl~~ I I . I I ] I -
r1.l.v l ~ ~ c l g ~~v. ~ i r Il l i lr~l ~ c .r i l l l c . 11lt.1itio11~11 i l l 1111, s:liJ ( . I I I I .
I f I I I I I ~ I I I ~~ Y i I l , 130111 Sc.11.
~ V I I I I ~ , . Y , lsiltl I .
. \ I ~ T .\..'I'IIc ] > ~ ~ t . t ~ a~,ti#.lt.s
t l i l l ~ s l ~ a l IlI I > ~ ~ I ~> P. I I I Tlst,
, to
C : I ~ , ~ I I ~o ~f .\vl~it.ll
S t111.1,\n1111<,ilof 111.iz<.s s11:1ll11:1veetr41~1.i.ti
rcstitutirql~,i t briug \vcll ~ l l d ~ ~ 1 . 6tlrnt t ~ ~ lthe d clnilllnnt
canllot bare recourse t u tile United Stntcs trtl~c~,\vise tl~i~u
IICu n i ~ l ~ I t~ T 11:ut F to t h e (;orernrnnlt of rllc I?rcuclr I<?
pul~liv,nntl r~ulyin rase of the iusutlicic~ncyi ~ tf l ~ c(.;lp-
t~11.s;st.(.o11~1, 1111. tlv11ts I I I ( . I I ~ ~ , ) I I i(l ~l ~tllv
~ s i l i t l lift11nrtirlr-
01 tllr ( . I ~ I I \ - C * I ~ ~ ~( ~. ~
I I~
I i ~ t ~ . a1~efu1.1.
( . t ~ . c lt11vSf11Vi~~~~ltllliilirt..
all. $1. (311111 S ~ . ~ ~ [ V I1>00 I.
I I I D Itile ~ ~ I, ~ ? - I I I C I Iof~ \ \ . l ~ i ~ II:IS
.l~
I ~ c u11c~rec*~f~>rv rl:ritllvi\ I t l ~ vactual G U ~ ~ U I ofI I I I ~
Flaui.c, nucl fq*r\ v l l i r l ~1l1r i.~.(-tlit*~l.s ir:ire o r i ~ l to ~ t 111-
Ilrotectiou of [he Luitcd Stat(.+; the said fifth article
does not comprehend prizes whose coudemnntion has

bee;, or slllnll l ~ ccoufiruied; it is t h e cspress iutcutiou of
tile enut~lctiu: y;irlics uot [(I exfeud thr beuetit of the
preseut ca~ut-cuti~~n to rec111i~i;itiousof .lu~eric;u~ vitizeus,
\vhu s11;lll 11i1ve estnblisht.3 houses of coulncrce ill
F ~ x u c e ,Znzlaud, o r otl1r.r couurrics tl~:luthc, Cuirecl
St:itcs, in p;11.tuersliil1 with foreigucrs, nud x l ~ ub!. that
rmsou and tlie natuke of their commerce ollght to bt rc.
g r d e d as dc~u~iciliatvd i u the pl:cces ~r-llcrcs l c h houses
esist. XI1 agreellleuts nud 11;1r;r:liuscc~ucrruiug~ucrc.ll;ln-
tlise. \vliicll slinll uor bc the properr: of S l i i e s i c : ~ciri. ~
zcus, are e q n n l l ~esccpted fro111 t h e benefit of the sail1
couveution, soring, box\-el-er, t o siicl~ pcrsous thris
clnin~siu like 111anuer a s if t h i s t r e n r ~Ilnd not Lee11
111ade.
A T .I , And t h a t tile d i f f c t e n t qucsrious \!.liirll rii;\y
arise under tht. pserccliu;: : ~ r r i c l ciu:iy Le I:iisi?. iurcsli-
p t d , tllc ii~iuistersl)leni~uteuci;ir.vof tire K~iiredS(:I[YS
shrill unlllc. t l ~ r e elrcrsvus, ~ v h osL;ill a r t frc~iutile 11s~scur
2nd pruvisiounll~,aud who sli:111 have full potvvr ru t's.
nlniut2,\vitllout removing tLc doeumencs, all rlle acvouuts
of r h diltcrcnt
~ clai~iisall.cncly liquidntrrl L.T the burcnri
cstnlrli~l~ed for this ~ r u s l ~ ~irr r s et h e F ~ . c u c lI(elruhlic,
~ ;in(l
to asws1:~iilnlletl~csrtlley belong to the c1;rssv- &.six-
uated b~ t l ~ cprescut cuurel~tion,and rlie priricil)l~.scs.
t;\Llished ill i t ; 01. i f r11c.y a r c not i n one of its esccptiolis,
and on tlrtir ccrtiticntr, declaring tlint tlle rlcl~t is dur,
to an .iint.rit.;un citizcrl, o r 11i.j rc.~~resrn:ntii.r,and tlint it
esisfed l)~~fot.c t l ~ eSt11\'rnrlcu~inire, Y c l i ye:lr, (30th Srp.
te~i~l,cs, l,Sllll), t 1 1 c~r e c l i t ~ ~ s lr~ n l lhe c11tir11.tIto ;in O I ~ W
(IU r l ~ T
r ~ ~ ~ i i s 01
~ l tr l?~. v'l'riitvd States, iu tile 1li:luner prc.
scril~t-(1Iry tlre tllird article.
T I . The same agents shall likewise h a r e power,
without removing the documents, to examine the clniuls
which a r e prepared f o r rerification, and to certify tlltrsc
\vhich orlght to be admitted by unitiu;: the necersarp
qunlificuti<~r~s, aud not beiug con~prisedi u the exct.ptiuus
contniued iu the preseiit couvention.
&IT. Y I I I . The same agents shall likewise e s n n ~ i u e
.\~rr.IS. 111 ~ I ~ I I ~ M ~ I ~ I I I I 21s t11e cTt41ts ~III-II~~IIIII~I~ ill
1.11~:s~: l r t i c l ~ ~sII~III
s ltv i111111ilt\~l,t111.y sI1:11l tIiscl~i~r;~~tl,
i t i ~ t i ~r six t 11vr I.I.II~11y I ' I I ~ I I I J111 1111.
t.uiti.11 St;111-s.
ART. X I l I . T h e present convention shall he ratified

in good a n d due form, a n d the rati6catious shall be e r -
chauged i n six mouths f r o u the d a t e of the signature of
the i ~ ~ i n i s t e pr sl e u i p o t e n t i a r ~ ,o r sooner if poss~ble.
I n faith of which, t h e respectire ministers plenipoten.
tiarp have sizned the a b o ~ earticles, both in the French
and Euglish l a o g r ~ a f ~declaring, s, nerertheless, t h a t the
present treat? h a s been origiually agreed on and x r i t t e u
in the Freuch Inugu;l,ne; to which t h e 1 h a r e hereuuto
affixed their seals.
Done a t Paris, the teuth day of I?lorenl, e l e ~ e n t h';ear
of the F r r u c l ~Eepul~lic.30rl1 .\pril, 1903.
E U I ~ C I;. R TL I ~ I S G S T O S(L.
. S.)
J.X?IES Z~OSROE. (L. S . )
n . 4 ~ 1)I.ARUOIS.
3~ (L. s.)
I . 3 l o u l . v ~trnusluitted the tr.e:rty nod conrcntions t.
President Jt.flt.rsun, a n d llieu prc~ct.ed~.dto Lcrndi)n a s 3linis-
ter of the Uuited S t ~ t r s
President J ~ ? R e r s o n11nd n l \ ~ a r Lee11

s a s t r i c t construction-
ist of clle Currstitutiou. l'Le rrceprion o f this treat?, \\.3ich
acquired a n iruwcnse proviuct', e~u~L;trrnssed l ~ i w a, s hc kne\v
of uo ~ ~ a r r u in u t tlte Cor~stiiutionf u r such a purchase, a u d
bail O U I J authurized the purchnsc o f n place of deposit aud
docl;..iard. Eli: bad al\\-;1p denied tu the S a t i u u a l Govern.
rlieut ally pu\vers n o t speciticall- coulerred upon i t b tile
C u n s t i t u t i i ) ~ . B e could uot Bud a clnuse iu tbe Coostitutioo
xhicb gave Cougress an: express pojver to appropriate money
to purchase additional territory.
In his private correspondence he stated this d i B c u l t y ,
su:gestin~ a n amendrnent to the Coustitution. T h e treaty
req~lired!n\~tlrnlesc.llnr~;e o f r;~tificntionswithin six mouths.
B e proposed callirlg Ca~rlg.ress,bal-e tlrc mouey apprupriatrd,
and cure the a c t bp a subscrluent a ~ u r u d m e u tto the Cohstitu-
tiou. T h e polvcr of ac.quisitinn o f 1t:l.ritury could be alone
charged to the gcucral ja\ver of Cuugrcss, to make a u d collect
taxes and rerenues with which to p a s the expenses and debts

of the niltion, and to provide for the coollnon defense and
general welfare of the United Stntes. Prcsideut Jefferson.
b proclarr~ntion,called a n extra session of Congress, to meet
October 17, 1503, t o considcr thi.s subject. I n his uessage of
that date he called full attention to this treaty, and special
attention to the provisional appropriation of $2,000,000 made
J a n u a ~ y10, 1603, iutcnded a s a part of the price, and stated
that this was considered a s conrering the sanction of Cou-
*
gress to the acquisition pl.oposcd. This nlessage made no
mention of the claim of there being no n-arrant in the consti-
tution to purchase.
The Scwtte, October 19, 1S03, ratified the treaty. B o n n
parte's ratification was in Tl.asl~ington, in the houds of 31.
Pichon, the French charge de offoir.cs, and on the 2 l s t the
ratifications were esch:rnged, and the treat? was closed.
October 21, 1603, the President sent a special message
to Congress, calliug attention to the completion of the ratili.
cation, aud also sug;estiug t l ~ enecessit). of an appropriation
and la\vs for the occup;ltion aud g o ~ e r u n ~ e of u t the acquired
territory.
.4 lengtl~ppolitical debate ensued in the House. T l ~ e
uecessit~for the cor~sentof Spnin to the acqui~itionof tbe
province \\.as u r ~ e d ,and a u~otinhcalling on the President
for a copy of the treat? between France and Spain ( t l ~ c
treaty of Sari Ilclefouso), aud for evidence tl~nt Spnin, i r ~
\vllnse lrautls t l ~ rprovince still rcmninetl, n n s ready to niake
deliver? of the salile. This u o t i o n n . a s deleated by a major.
itj- of two votes. John Randoll~h,of Roanoke, Ya., moved
that prorision should be made for carrying the treaty nod
the conventions into o~leration. This, after earnest debate,
was adopted October 25tl1, 1E03, t ~ 90 p a j e s to 25 rial-s.
T l ~ eIcing of Spain's hliuister rel,reseuted to t l ~ eUnited
Statrs that Fraucl: 11ad w i d t au a l i e n a t i u ~iu~ this cessiou
\vl~icbs l ~ chad ])~.url~isedncver to ir~ake\viLl~nutfirst cousult-
ing Spaiu.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE ...
O v t o l ~ c23,
~ 1$11:;, 1111. f ( ~ l l t ~ \ v i l ~i;~' v t\vas ;I~)~~I.OV(.II
:
A S ACT to C,II;IIIII* tllc l'r(~si111*11t tos
of t11r V1iit1.11S t ; l t ~ ~
t;ll;~.~ M W S I ' L S ~ ~ t~n fI I tllr ti.rritgbri~.s t.1~li.111 1 - Fr;lurc
~ I It l l r 1-nit1.1l S1;llr.s. 11y I ~ I v 1 1 lI 1 1 1 1 t la t
' i s 1 I t i i r I I s t ; ; I I I ~ hnr. rllv
1l~IlI~"'l';II:\. ~II\.l'I.1I111l.111 1Ill'r,'l,r.
'I'~I;IIrill. I'r\.-i~l~.llr , ~ 11111. I.11ir1.1lSI:III-S 1!v, : I I I ~ 111. is

il~rvlty: ~ ~ ~ r l ~ t t r i z t ~I n; l I ]~w , s s v s , ~IiI~~ ~,: I~I ~ I ~~ I ~ I . I I {the )?-,
tc.rrir~wy~ , c d ~I!?. d 1:1.;111rc. to IIIC l'11i11-3 St;lr~'s,11)- tllc
tl.t*;~tyco~lt.l~l~l~.,l ; ~ t1';lris 1111 1 1 1 (~I ~ i l . r i c . l l ~day o f .\llril
1;1sr.b1.t \ V ~ , , . I I t t \ v o I I ; I I ~ ~ ~;In11 I I St11;1t
; 111. I I I ; I ~ ,f t ~ ?t11:lt
] I I I ~ ~ I ~ I S:IIIII
P. i l l 11r(1c.rto I I I : I ~ I I ~ ; I ~iIl Il tile s;ti11114rri1tvic.s
t l ~ c; ~ l l t l ~ o ~ .111 i r yt l ~ i . 1.1liiv1l St;ltt.s, ( . I I I I I I I I ~ ally 1 ~ 1 roft
111,. ; I ~ I I I:IIIII~ 11;iv.vc ~ fI I I C ~ 1-11itetIS I ; I ~ V a11d
S , t11v forc18
at~rl~<t~.izvil 1,:. :III : I N ~,;I.S.~IYI ~ I I Pt l ~ i r d11:1y uf >l;~r1.11 \;\st,
1~11ti!lv11,".All act ( I i ~ x - ~ . t i:Il ~~ g I ~ ~ : I I ~ ~ I I fro111 U I - I I thv~ 111iIiti;~
o f l l ~ e[ ' ~ ~ i t v tSt;~tcs.l ill1111<11, t:r~.,.til~g cl!rkli~~ ars('u:lls,"
I i I I I I I S : I I ;; I I I I ~ $1, I I I I I ( . ~ I of tl11' Y I I I I I
1 1 i t 1 111.v 1l1c s i l i ~ l I a s 1n;ly Ilr Ill.rt.r.s:lry, is
I~vrvI,y; ~ l ~ l " . t ~ [ i ~ 1131. . i a t111~.
~ ~ ~~ ,l~ I ~ ~ I I Iof S C,.;lrryi~~::
. t l ~ i s;~vt
i 1 1 l 1 8 t.H'a.vl ; 1 8 , Ijr i ~ p l ~ l i ~ I I I.I,#lI I . I . ~ I I I dil.~.vlit~ll
' 1 1 1 1111' 1'r1.s-
i c l r v ~ t1 1 1 1111. 1.11il1.1l S ~ ; I ~ I . S .
I : . 2 . . I r~rl/,I. il f111.1lrc.r r:r~rr,.lc~I, l ' l l i l t , 1111lil tile cS.
11iv:lti#n11 I I I V 11rysr11t~ r s s i oo f~C~O D ~ I . I % U ISI I,~ S S 11rt)vi-
sio11 for t11(, r ~ B ~ ~ i l ~; a' s~r Ia ~r ~~ ~ ~ of I I mid
~ I 1111. ~ ~ I t Ie r ~rit~~vii~s
Ilc S ~ I ~ B U I 111:1111.
T 1 1 C ~ . I I I I ~ ~ Cill1 * S tSl, ~ ~. l ~ i l i t a r civil, y, nuil
j~~rlici:ilI H I ~ ~ ~ rscrciscd I.S, by the officers of the r s i s t i l ~ g
g~rreru~llrut I I t~ l ~ cs;llncS, s11:ill be ~ezteclin 611vl1 ln~rsoll
aud ,~vrsous,aud sl1a11 Lc. exercisr(1 i l l XIICII I I I ~ I I I I ' ~as
l l ~ I'ri-si~Iv~lt
i~ 411 t11v T - I I ~ I I *Statvs ~ s I I ~ I I11ir1Tt.f ~ 111ail1. ~ r
~ I I I I II r t t i u I i ~ ~ l ~ ~ l Ii t 111isi111:1 a~ts ill
t l n in,. I . I I ~ ~ B ? I I I ~ . 41f II~ I lill(.l.ty, ~ ~I rcb-
r t
li;its~~.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT O N E S...
troops as had been assembled at F o r t Adams from the

nearest posts, and n-it11 some militia of the llississippi
Territory, t o Few Orleans. T o be prepared for anything
unexpected which might arise out of the transaction, a
respectable body of militia was ordered to he in readiness
in the States of Ohio, Kentucky, a n d Tennessee, a n d a
part of those of Tennessee was moved on to the Natchez.
KOoccasion, hon-ever, arose for their services. Our corn
missioners, on their arrival a t h'ew Orleans, found the
province already delivered b r the commissaries of S p a i ~
to that of France, n ho delivered i t over to them on the
20th day of December, a s appears by their declaratory
act accompanying this. Governor Claiborne, being
duly invested with the powers heretofore exercised by
the Governor and Intendant of Louisiana, assumed the
government on the same dar. and, for tbe maintainance
of Inw nnd order, immedintelp issued the proclamation
and address now communicated.'
On this importaqt acquisition, so favorable to the im-
mediate interests of our V e s t e r n citizens, so auspicious
to the peace and security of the nation in general, mbich
adds to our c o u n t r ~territories so extensive and fertile,
and to our citizens new brethren to partake of the bless-
ings of freedom and self-government, I offer to Congress
and our country r n j sincere congratulations.
TE. JEFFERSOY.
REPORT OF COI\llIISSIOSERS.
CITYOF h'Em O n ~ E l s s December
, 20, 1603.
SIR:-IYC have the satisfaction to announce to you
that the Province of Louisiana <as this day surrendered
to the United States by the commissioner of France; and
to add, that the flag of our country was raised in this
city amidst the acclamations of the.inhahitant8.
The enclosed is a copy of a n instrument in writing,
which was signed and exchanged by the commissioners
of the two governments, and i s designcd as a record of
this interesting transaction.
Accept assurances of our respectful consideration.
WII.LIABIC. C. CLAIUORICE,
JA. WILKI~-SOX.
T H E Ho?;. JIXIES OF STATE,CITY

SECRETART
>I.~DISON,
OF \ ~ . ~ S H I K G T O S .
Tile undersigned, n'illiam C. C. Claiborue and James
\\-ilkinson, commissioners o r agents of the United
States, agreeable to the full powers they have received
from Thonias Jefferson, President of the United States,
under date of the 31st October, 1503, and twenty.eigbth
Tear of theindependence of the United Slates of America,
( S Broolaire, 12 Tear of t h e French Repl~blicl;),couu-
tersigucd by the Secretar!. of State, Jalues Jladisou, aud
Citizen I'eter C l c m e ~ ~Laussat, t Colonial Prefect, and
columissiouer of the French G o ~ e r n u > e nfor t the delivery
in the nnilic of the French Republick of tbe couutr?., ter.
ritories, and dependencies of I,ouisinun, to the cou~mis.
~ i o n e r sor agents of the Cnited States, couforrual~lyto
tlre powers: coumission, and special nlandate n-l~ichhe
has recei~edin tile nalne of the F r e u c l ~people from Citi-
zen Boi~aparte,F i r s t C o ~ ~ s uunder l, date nf the 9th June,
1S03, ( 1 7 Prairial, 11 Tear of the Frencll Rcpuhlick),
countersigned br the Secretary of State, EIugues lIaret,
and h r his ezcelleucy, the llinister of Xarine and Col.
ouics, Decres, do certify by t l ~ e s epresents, that on this
d a ~Tllcsdar,
, the '2Otl1 December, 1S03, of the Cl~ristian
ern 12Sth Friluaire, 1"ear of t l ~ cFrencl~Republick),
lwin: convelled in the Hotel d r Ville of S e w Orleans!
accou~paniedon both sides by the chiefs and officers of
the army and n s r r , bg the municipnlity, and divers re-
spectal~lecitizens of their respectire repuhlicks, tllc said
William C. C. Claiborne and J a u ~ e s n:illiinson delir-
cred to the snid Citizen 1,aussat their aforesaid f u l l pow.
ers, by which it evident17 appears that full power and
authority has been given them jointly and severally to
take possession of and to occupy the territories ceded
by France to the United States by the treaty concluded
a t Paris on the 30th day of April last past (10th Flor-
e a l ) , and for that purpose to repair to the said territory
and there tocsecntear~d!,erforni nll such acts and tliin:s,
tliuclliny the prrnliscs, ns Iuay bc necess:lrF for f u l ~ i l l i l ~ :
t l ~ v i ra p l x ~ i n t ~ n c ncon~fr~rlnal~lc
t to t l ~ csnid treat)' aud
l a \ ~ sof the U i ~ i t r dF t n t ~ s ;2nd tl~erel~pou the said citi-
zrn, I,a~~ssat. d~clare~ that
l in v i r t l ~of
~ *and in the ternls
of t l ~ cpo\rrrs, c o n ~ ~ ~ r iaud z s isl~ccinl
~ ~ ~ ~ u~nndatedated a t
.
St. i:l1,11d, 6th J I I I I1S03, ~ , of t 1 1 ~Cl~ristinuera (17th

l'r;~il.ial,11 ?t3;lr of the Yreurl~i:eyuhlick), Ile put fro111
rllnt ul<~nrelrt tile s l i d ~ I ~ I I I I I I ~ S - ~ I I~UI ~I L-nitvd C~ ~ I I ~ St~Hrs
iu ~ ~ I S ~ ~ SofS the ~ I ~coulltry,
U tr~rritori1:s ..studdrl1e11dencic.s
I I I.c~l~iaiiru;~,
~ c.oufnr~n;tl~l? 111 tile I , 2, 4 nud st11 nrliclcs
of the trcety, i ~ ~ l tire l l ~ \ Y I I C O I I V ~ I I ~ ~ U I I cS o, u c l ~ ~ d eand d
si:rlc.(l t l l r 30 .$p~.il, IS03 (10 Ylurl.;rl, ]It11 year of tile
~ - I . I ' I I I . ~ I 1:1~l1110lirk), beta-eeu tlrr l:rcucl~ Republick aud
tllc 1:11itr1lSt;ltrs of ;inlcricn IJ? Citiziau Francis B n r l ~ e
~l;u.l,,ris, .\lirrisrt*r I I I tllc. l ' u l ~ l i ~ kT ~ . c n s u r ~atld - , NCS-
si1811wI<tiI~vrtI:. l . i v i n ~ s t < ancl
~ ~J ~~ I I I P S~Iouroe,,>Ii11i6ters
I ' l r u i p ~ ~ t c ~ l l toifi ~ tllcr ~ r u i t e d St;ttes, all t11t.r~flrr~~islled
r v i i l ~frill IMI\VI.W, of 11-bic.11tl.tsnt.v ;lull t\vo convcuti(~l~%
tile ~ l t i f i c i l t i ~I~I I~: I ~~ Vx11y , r l ~ eFirst CIIIISII~ of t l ~ cF r c u c l ~
I : ~ ~ ~ ~ u I ~olni crile l ; , one part, and by the Presidei~tof tile
1-11itt.1l St:ttt.s, 1sy n r ~ t lwit11 tllc ad\-iccn1111consent of tlrv
I I ~ I . t111. otlrer pilrt, l~;~ve'lrc.cu ezchn~i:ecl nu4
I I I I I ~ T I ~ I Irrct~ive(l I~ i l t thc r i t j of \ \ ~ n s I t i n ~ t u n , 31 OC-
the
t~1l1r~,lS0.7.2S \\'ndP~~~inr.ie, 13 y e a t of the Fren1.11Rcpob-
l i v k . Iry ('irizrn Lollis A I I ~ W P i v l ~ ~ l nr/t,crgo
. II,..~nlf,lir.c~
ntf t l l v I.'rrul.l~ I:t.l~r~l~livk, ur*:~~. tllr Cuirell Srntw. on the
Ij:lrt of IJKIII,.~, and b!' d n l ~ ~ r3l;trlison, s Sc,c~.ctaryof
Sr;rtc uf the l'uitcd St;~tes,ou t l ~ v11;u.t of tire Ziuitetl
St;rtrs, ;~rcordiugtlt the pr.o,.(..~s rcl.l,<tl dm\\-n up on the
I I ; ; ~ n dthe i~resvlltdrlivery o f tllr c o u l r t r ~is
11ln11c~ I II r i r l ~ , to tile end t i l i l t , in r ~ ~ l ~ f u r m{vitl~ i t y tllc
1b1bj1.1.tI I ~t l l v ?-:lill tl.vi~iy,tllc4 S I I ~ P I . I . ~ ; I I ~ ?and prul)ert!.
t!f t l r t ( , I I I < ~ I II ~W l ' r t ~ r i ~ ~1 3tf . ~ l.s~11isii111;1
. 111a.vlrnss to tire
s i ~ i ~1.11it1.11 l SI;I~I.S> I I I I ~ ( T t11v S ; I I I I ~ v1i111s1.s: I I I ~C I I I I ~ ~ .
ti<111s ;IS i t 11;1dIIIT.II c t d t ~ lI,? S I J ; I ~to I Il?rar~vc,in ~ i ~ t u ?
r ~ , t~l.. l . i ~I .t ,~~ I I ~ . I ~ I ~ I , ~st. ~ I I I ~ ~ I . ~ ~ ~, I~I ?~ I O SC ~ ~I <, I I I ~ I . ,
l.~lllli!1111 \.I.II(ICIII~:I~~(*, !J yc,:rr~,I t ~ ~ t t s ~ t111.s~
~ r u t\wr l i ~ s t
[nra.~.rs,alri1.11 Irns since rvcc.ivrd its csecutiou I)! tllr
; I V ~ I I ; I I Y I . . C ~ I I ~ K I I I < Y(! ~ fthe l>rt~11141 l<c~publickiutu ~ I U S S ~ ~ S .
si1111 of tlrc saitl C ~ I ~ I V IoI Ir pr~svince.
.\1111 1\11. h:~itl(:iti7.(.11 i . : ~ u ~ s ai tl l V V U S I ~ I J U ~ I I ~ a ~ tC , this
I I I ' I ' . G ~ % I I ~r i r l ~ ~ . .~It.liva.l-t,~l t41 tile sitit1 c , r ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ i s s iofo rtltr r~~rx
1'11iIq.1l Stitlvs. i l l tl~is1111l~livk sitting, tl112I;I.:s o f t l ~ ccity
111 XI.!\- O I . ~ ~ ~ : I ~ : ' II? ~ l i ~ ~ ~ l ~
t lI ~ vSl. i ~ r i ~tl1:11 I ~i ~I ~rtlll-ir
gI It I~ s
tt:~tIrsof titl~,li!yI I I \ ~ : I P , I S 1111. I.'I.VIIV~I l : c l ~ ~ ~ l ~ ltlrv i ~ . krili.
,
7.1.11s a1111 i ~ ~ l ~ ; ~ l IIC ~ i I,IIIJ!S~~II;I,
t a ~ ~ t s \ ~ I I I I*l1;11l cl~ouwtar
~ L ~ I I I ; I I~I I II I ~ C tllc . ~ d u l ~ ~ i u iuf ( ~tile
u Uuitrll Stirtcs.
I
ll.l.l.\1 I . . 1 \ 1 11.. s. I
*I.~AIF"<
~Yll.litssl~s, I I.. s. I
L.1 t.s~.cr. I L. $ . I
of the United S t a t e s has by his comruission, bearing d a t e

the same 31st d a y of October, invested me n-ich all the
powers, and charged me with the sereral duties hereto-
fore held a n d exercised by the Governour-General a n d
Intendant of the Prorince.
I have, therefore, thought fit to issue this, my procla-
mation, making known the premises a n d to declare t h a t
the government heretofore exercised over ihe said pror-
ince of Louisiana, as well under the authorit? of Spain
ns of the French Republic, has ceased, and that of the
United States of America is established orer the same;
that the inhabitants thereof will be incorporated in the
union of the United States, and nduitted as soon a s pos-
sible, nccordiug t o the principles of the Federal Coustitu-
tion, to the e n j o p u e n t of all the rights, adrantagrs, a n d
i u ~ u ~ u n i t i eofs citizens of the United States; that in the
~neiluti~lle t l ~ e rsljall be mnin'tained and protected in the
free cnjoguent of their libertg, propert?, and the religion
which they profess; t h a t all i n n s and municipal regula-
tious, which \\-ere in existence a t the cessation of the late
government, remain in full force; and all ciril o 5 c e r s
charged with their execution, except those whose pon-ers
have been specially vested in me, and except also such
o5cers as hare b ~ e neutrusted with the collection of the
revenue, a r e continued in their functions during the
plcnsure of the gorel.nour for the time being, or until pro-
v i s i ~ ~snl ~ a l lotl~erwisebe uade.
Aud I do herebl- exhort and eujoin all the inhabitants,
and uther persons within the said prorince, to be faithful
and true to their allegiance to the United 6 t : l t q aud
obertiel~tto the laws and nutborities of the same, under
f ~ l assurance
l t h a t their just rights n-ill be under the
guardianship of the United States, and will be main-
tained from all force o r violence from without o r within.
In testinlong whereof I have hereunto set my band.
Given a t tlie city of S e w Orlcnns, the 20th day of De-
cember, 1603, a n d of the independence of the Vuited
St:~tesof America the 2Stl1. JYzr. C. C. C ~ . . ~ ~ B O R S E .
GOVEIiSOR'S ADDRESS T O T E E CITIZEXS'0
LOUISIAKA.
FELW\V CITIZESS OF LOUISI.~SA:OU the great a n d in-
teresting event now finally consummated-an erent so
advantageous to yourselves, and so glorious t o united
America-I cannot forbear offering you m j ~ a r m e scon. t
gratulations. The wise policy of the Consul of France
has, by the cession of Louisiana t o the United States, se.
cured t o YOU a connection beyond tbe,reach of chazge,
and to Tour posterity the sure inheritance of freedom.
The American people receive j o u a s brothers; and will
hasten t o extend to you a participation i n those inestima.
ble rights, which have formed t h e basis of their o ~ v nun.
exampled prosperity. Under theauspices of theAmerican
Government you nlay confidently rely upon the securitp
of your liberty, your property, a n d the religion of your
choice. You may with equal c e r t a i n t ~rest assured that
j o u r coulrnerce will be protected and your agriculture
cherished; in a word, that j o u r true interests will be
among the primary objects of our Sational Legislature.
I n return for these benefits, the Cnited States will he
amply ren~uneratedif your growing attachmeni t o the
Constitution of our country, and your veneration for the
principles on wl~ichit is founded, be duly proportioned
to the blessings which they will confer. Among your
first duties, therefore, you should cultivate with assiduity
aulong yourselves the adrancemrnt of political iuforrua-
tion; you should g u i d e t l ~ rrising grneration in the paths
of republican economy and virtue; you should encourage
literature, for \vithout the ad-iantqes of education your
descendants \\.ill be unable to appreciate the iutrinsic
worth of the governn~enttransmitted t o them.
As for myself, feliow.citizens, accept a sincere assur-
ance that, during my continuance i n the situation in
wvl~icl~the President of the Vnited States has beeu
pleased to place me, everp exertion xvill be rn:~dcon ~ n p
part to foster your intcrucll Ilnppiness, and forward
?'our g r ~ ~ c r \vc.lf;~re,
nl for i t is onlv I)\. suclr nleaus that
I cau secure t o ulpsclf the al~prol~iitic,~ u I thr~segreat
and just nleu 1~110preside in the cou~lcilsof tbe Sation.
!YILL~ANC. C.CL.\IIIIIRSE.
XI:% ORI.F.ASS,Decrmher 20, IF03.
...
EMPRESS VERDIACEE
ill \ v l ~ i t . l l 11,. 111:111ifvst1~1 t11tn j11sr 11111tiv?si ~ 1111. f S~I:III~S~I

(;I~~I~~IIII\I~II~ f o r ~)l.ot~-stin: 3 p ~ i l i s ta11 i ~ l i t ~ i ~ i \\.II~CII ~ti~ti~
I..~:III~c 11i1d]I~I.IIII~~V~ I I < T V ~ 10 III:I~(~.
.At tllr S~IIIII. tillle I l l a t h i s 111;1jt.s1y's i ~ l i l l i s r t t rill tile
1.11i11*d SI;I~C,S i s ~ l t : ~ r t~o v~~ Il I ~ I ~ tliv
I I .~IIII,~~~:III
I (;!I\-.
I~~IIIIII.II~ 01 tllv fillsit>- u f tilt. :I~IIJYF ~IIIIIIII.,l ~ ies i)l.!It'r~.*l
1,) III:I~;I~ ~IIII\VII l o i t t I t : ~ l l ~ i lll;rj(.sty
s 11;ls tl101l;llt ]I~~I]II.L.
t t I.I.II~~IIIIG.I.
~ l l i s I:L.llt(.St ayilitlsf f11,' : ~ l i t . l l i i ~ i i oul ~f 1.t111isi-
I In?. I.'rihl~t.t.: ~ ~ o i \ v i ~ l l s t i ~ ~t11v t ~ l is~r l~; l i ~~ lt ~ ~ ~ t i,111 vt*s
\ v l ~ i t . l11t;lt
~ 11r,tl,,st \V;IS ~~BIIIIGI~.II: ~ ~ K u ~ n I i ~ill l : . I l l i s \v;ty,
:I I i f f I I I I I I II f r i ~ ~ l l d s l ~f ti ~l tl .1111.
1;1ti1(,11SI;II(,S. I'EI,I~I~ (.I;!'.\LI.<IS.
\ \ I . ~ I .i ~ t \ < ~ l \ - t . l ln-llit.I~
. r1.t~l1it.1, SI~IIII. I.S~I~:III:II~~DII.1,*~11isi;111:1
\\;I.< ~I.:IIIS~~.I.I.C,~I ( # IS i ill^ tit,. s:11111- l i 1 1 1 i 1 :IS ~ \\.III.II I..~;III~.<,

f ~ ~ l - l ~ l t .]1<~sst'ss1.11
rly if.i111t1 :I> S l ' ; ~ i l l IWBSSI.SSV~! i t ;11 tilt. 1i111t. o f
1111~111~;1lyI I ~Sit11 l I d t , f < ~ ~ ~ sS]I;III~S\I t~. ( I ~ I I ~ ~111t\vt.v1.r,
BIII~IC~.
ft,1111tIif I.~IIV(.II~~.III In) ( . ~ l l t s i ~ l l .Ilrifirll r ot.(.~llti~t~r!. ;IS ]N.I.III;III.
r u t l ? . 1liss1.rvi11; st 1 i I 1 fro111 I I I ~ ~ ~iI I I I , i t

~ I I:IS I:I I I I I f t ~ t t l lI I I ~ I I In111 ; 111,.
I - l l i l r ~ r lSt:ltvs, ill 1S11, t1~11; l t l i l i t i ~ r y~,osst.ssiat~~ 1 1 1 lilt: (.OIIII-
t r y \v1.2;1 41f l ' v r r l i ~ l oI:i\-vr, ~IIIIS i ~ ~ s i l i r i l 11[11111

ly 1111, i ~ r i r i l l i ~ l
I ~ I I I ~t9f I SI.~~II~s~~III:I :IS < . I : ~ i t tID!

~ ~I~RIIL,.,..
~~l
. ,
I I t i * i t ~ ~ l , r ~\\;IF ~ y l ill
i ~ ~IIII.I\IVI. I.~IIII~I\~~~:III~I~ In! 1 . ~ 1 . 1 1 1 - (111
1111. I.'I~~~.i<l:l I~I~I.~II.I. I\III.~II; ,1111. Iilnt \~;II.\\ it11 I:II~I:III*I. i 1 1 1 0 1 1111.
reprisa:s made by General Jacl;son for the repeated infrac-

tions of neutrality b~ the Spanish authorities.
The bouudaries of Louisiana were settled by the treaty
with Spain in 1519, and the northern and northr~estern
boundaries by a series of treaties v i t h Great Britain, con-
cludins in 1Si1.
It \vas claimed that Spain made grants of land in tllal
portion of Louisinnn running to the Perdido R i ~ e raftcr the
treaty of Sna Ildefonso, her cession of Louisiana to Fmucc.
Tbe United States disregarded all this, and April I*, lSl?, all
that portion \vest of Pearl R i ~ e rwas annesed to Louisiana,
and the remaining portion as far a s the Perdido, v a s incor-
porated, 3Iap 11, I n i t the Jlississippi T e r r i t o r ~ ,al-
though 'Spain held Nobile. Tlie eastern portion of this is no\\.
in .4lahama.
Louisiana was erected into tn.0 Territories bv act of Cou-
grey?. > f a r c l OF,
~ 1SO4, one called the Territory of Orleans, and
the o t l ~ c the
r District of 1,ouisinnn. T h e T e r r i t o r of Orlenns
became the State of Louisiana .&pril 30, 1SlO.
TIlE COST ASD .AREA OF T H E 1,OI;ISI.iSS PUR-

CHASE.
COS-r.
T l ~ eUnited States pnicl for this cession :

Fraucs.
Principal surri paid Frauce. . . . . . . . 60,000,000 $11,230,000
C l a i m of citizens of the United
States due from France under this
treaty assumed by the United
States in part p:I~.mentfor tile ter.
r i t o r and paid to June 30, 13(10. 20,000,000 3,750,000
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s,o.nno!ooo : ~ ~ . O O U . ~ O I ~
Interest on the stocks (Int~u~ls) ~ I rvilc.~n])tinn.
I . S,5'l9,3X
Total cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$?3,520,353

ARW. Square
3lilcs.
Stnte of Alabama, west of the Perdido, and on the
Gulf, below latitude 31 degrees north, estiulatcd to
contain ..................................... 2,300
State of ?dississiypi, \ w s t of Alabama, adjoining .
Loui~iana,on the Gulf, and south of 31 degrees
north latitude, estimated a t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,GOO
State of 1.ouisiana.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11$,720
State of Arkansns.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,550
State of Ilissouri.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,411
State of Kansas, all but snl~:l~n.estcorner estiulatcd. . 73,343
State of 1o)r.a.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,025
State i,f 3Iiunesota, r e s t of 3Iicsissippi E i ~ e r . .. . . . . 57,531
--
State of Xehmska.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4,510
Stnte of Colorado, east of tlle Rock? ) I o ~ ~ n t a i uaud s
n o r t l ~of .4rkansas R i ~ e l ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57!000
State of Sorth Dakota.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i3,2E?
State of South Dnlcotn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,650.
Stntc of Ilnntana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11G,O,'O
S u t e o f n'.yoniiu;, all hut the znue i u the middle,
sontli and south~vestpart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3,.563
ludinn and Gklahonla Territories.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 65,931
T,?in; in fourteen States and two Tcrritorics, a
total area o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919,053
O r 590.395200 avrci;. nt a cost of .O392 per acre, or le$s than
F O V ~CCSTS per acre.
Ar.c-ordin:: to the cruslls of 19M) The Louisiana Purcl~ase
had a population of 15,9S3,iSO.
I t produced in 1896, according to the repurts af the De-
partment of Agriculture:
1,145,13i,OSl busliels of c o p mlucd a t . . . . . . . .$191:E12,,FTG
151,39.i,iSF husbcls of n-l~cat.~ n l t 1 c 6a t . . . . . . . . lll11ES1351
S oats, T : I I U C ~a t . . . . . . . . . . 41,660,266
2GO,S2'7,1T5 ~ ) ~ I S I I P Iof
-----.-
A total o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$344,961,193
"Back To The Water Hole!"
The birds were singing their sweet melodies in the fresh air letting
everyone know that spring had returned. So had I. My job was not
easy in the least. I thought about it as I put the clean sheets on my
bed, having retrieved all I had stored for over fifteen years now. The
white satin sheets gleamed against the mahogany immense bed post
of the 50's. Had I been away too long? Could I fulfill the mission that
I was born to accomplish? It was too huge a task for any one person
to do! Having being satisfied with my cleaning, I decided to fix for
myself, a lunch. The pickings were scarce, as my diet had to
accommodate the last operation. I poured a pint jar of juice knowing
that I had to visit the waterhole to see if It was still there.
With my juice and my soup in my canteen, I set out for the private
childhood picnic area. Even the scamping squirrels seemed to
remember me, but they couldn't be that old, I laughed to myself. I
thought maybe they had a kind grandmother to tell them stories about
me as a child, talking to the little creatures, whom I loved.
The waterhole was even clearer than I imagined. Grass was all
around it, not muddy on the edge, as it was when the herd of farm
animals used to come here to drink.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES-..
Hanging my canteen on the nearest limb, looking around to b e sure:

that I was alone, I had already slipped off my shoes to feel the grass
i n between my toes. I knew I came here to float, relax and think. I
stripped to my bra and tights and wadded in. Nothing i n the world
except me and the little creatures and an airplane in the distance. After
what could have been an hour, I went back refreshed i n a bath of
scented bubbles. I knew nothing i n this world would stop me. The
ancient order must return. I dreamt about my school days. Yes, I
loved school and wanted so much to obey: Damn, if it was not dmost
impossible.
December 7, 1940, Pearl Harbor was bombed. Scared-ass whites

dotted for cover while brave black Dorie Miller too the flak and mowed
'em down. I tried to take a little black pride i n this, but my heart was
just not in this. My brothers were over there somewhere, Dump and
Tuck. What did we have i n this shitten war that some white cracker
started. I was not going to lead no "Praise the Lord" and pass the
ammunition, because they had no intent to free any black land
regardless to how brave the black sailors, soldiers, marines and coast
keepers were. This was a white conquesting, selfish war, like World
War I. How many blacks got forty acres and a mule? Only uncle Alton
and that was because this Commanding Officer could not read or write
and my uncle had to muster himself out. He had fixed the son of a
bitch. He wrote himself out of Worid War I with sixty acres and two
mules, then half price for everything he purchased for the rest of his
natural life. That certainly fixed it for a white Commanding Officer who
had to depend on a Black Private to do his reading and writing. It still
left the illiterate white in the official position and the educated black,
his servant. A black man had nothing to fight forever.
I had heard so much about 1912 and 1812. 1 couldn't keep the
historic meanings of the old dates apart, because I was interested i n
much older history. The true black story which made history (his-story)
t o be a damn lie. His wars to be satan's wars. I was determined to
make all A's for the record to get out of school, but me, I would get my
own education and forget what he had in his books for me to learn.
EMPRESS YERDUCEL..
The LOUISIANA PURCHASE was illegal, theft, against blacks and a

damn lie, at its best. That was my report with proof, now let them deal
with me on the truth of the matter or give me a straight A report card.
One of my favorite sayings is... "I do not smoke, drink, sniff, dip, or
chew; I don't go out, I don't steal, make false statements on my fellow
persons, do not coveth, do not break the law of man or God,
knowingly. Please tell me why I have been arrested so many times.
Why is the State of Louisiana so set on sending me away to prison on
trumped up, malicious charges. I am accused one right after another.
Will it ever end?"
It would take a library of books to tell the story. Therefore, how

many people in my family have died at the hands of assassins? How
many times have I been beaten up by the said authorities? How many
willful lies have been filed by authorities against me? Truth is the
weapon that sets one free. History that was taught in the United States
School System is one of the greatest lies ever told. Again, it is his-
story ... that white man's story. He funds the books for his purposes t o
tell his story like he wants it told. He puts up the money for his
system, to teach our children the lies that he wants them to know. The
sad part of it all is that, he does not even teach his own children the
truth. They also must study his-story, which you call history, for short.
The truth fascinated me and I re-educated myself to become a

Research Artist and an Archivist, to trick'down the truth as I could not
be satisfied with his-story. Heretofore, I finished with my researchafter
about twenty years under all the above pressure, trials and tribulation.
I am about to give you a peek into the truth which was compiled
sometimes in the dark, sometimes in the cold because the said powers
-
to be saw fit to order my utilities disconnected. Not because the bills
were not paid, but to discontinue my activity and to try to force me into
-- flight. During this period in September 1979, my husbands brains were
eaten by the Ku Klux Klan. Need I say anymore before you see HIS-
STORY dismantled?
My beautiful mother died when I was four years of age. I remember

the casket with the glass over her chest and the beautiful
pink dress to match the color i n the casket and her pretty lips.
What I knew about death was really nothing except, she was somehow
i n Heaven and yet i n this pretty box, they fastened her u p in. My baby
sister was ten months old now, but it was 1 that was still nursing her
breast. I had been born a tenuity tiny baby that had to be carried o n
a pillow. Not a soul believed that I could live, not even my own mother.
Yet, I was the one. After the burial daddy brought us home. I, my
sister Katye, my brother lsom and my little sister ~ a t i l d aFrances went
to our childless aunt, who had visited us on a monthly basis. Daddy
was a perfect daddy if there ever was a perfect one. He had time for
us and we were a happy family. All of us kids looked up to our daddy.
I can still remember a big shiny car that came around the lake to our
house, while my sister and brother were at school and all the hush
hush conversation. ARer which, we went to Shreveport.
It was much fun stopping. I can remember the sandwiches and

Uncle Sam's kisses. I had popcorn too. My sister and brother played
the game of next curve, next hill and the S sign on the boards like duck
necks. Then a wooden man was somehow standing up with his hand
stretched out with a sign hanging from it saying, DETOUR. It was how
I learned to read like my sister and brother.
It had to be a business trip, yet it was a family visit to my

grandmother's house. I slept all the way home. It was the next week
before I heard the conversation "Huey P. Long," which did not mean
a thing to me at that time, as long as I was on my daddy's knee.
Easter was coming u p and we would be going to spend the week end
with baby, my little sister. Our car had been in the shed since we made
the trip, it seemed to me. And I was almost eight years old now. It had
not been that long, but it was not running now and we would ride in
our aunt's A-Model. We never got to come home again.
It was Mr. Buck Jones, my first and second grade teacher's

husband who came to bring the news how my daddy may have
drowned i n the lake.
EMPRESS VERDlACEL..
He had not drowned after all, it turned our that he had been murdered,
just before my birthday. Mrs. Tut said I had been a Thursday's child,
like it was my fault that I didn't have a daddy anymore. The radio was
playing, "they shot Huey Long i n Louisiana." Oh, my Lord, that White
man in the big shiny car, had to be the one that was shot. Had it been
that man with the pistols on his side? He gave balloons and candy, he
was daddy's friend. Now I could not find him and tell him to come and
get me. He i s dead. Every damn body i s dead. What was it that my
grandmother had said at my daddy's funeral? Iwas the one! She had
rubbed her hand over my head and said a poem. I was her little
princess. Now I was the Empress. What i n the hell does an eight year
old Empress do when everybody dies? How i n the hell do they get out
of all that dirt in them humps, out behind Green-Grove Church and go
to heaven?
1 was sure enough angry now. This man could never help me now.
How would I ever get enough money to leave my little aunt and find my
grandmother? He had said.
"Little one, you are going to get all of the free papers and pencils
you'll need to learn to read and write. Free school books too. If you
ever need anything, just call the King."
Damn his soul, he had to go and get shot, and here I was eight
years old. I did not have one present, not even a cake, 'cause nobody
remembered me this time. Everybody I knew was dead. White folks
are not anymore than anyone else. They die too.
I was on my own now, out of school and eight. I'd been hired out
to my cousin's to baby-sit for her. I loved JoeAcy, her little baby boy
but these old shits, her husband's brothers. I was not their slave.
Bring me this! Bring me that all the damn time! I had no time to play.
It was Christmas now and I was not in school. 1'11 just bet my sister
was in school and my brother too. I watched the blue and pink
sundown every evening. Maybe my daddy and my mama Annie had
somehow got out of those old damn humps and made it to heaven. If
they had, why didn't they stop by here and get me. I sure was tired of
all these old shitty diapers that I had to wash.
Something was ill about that big belly my cousin was growing. She
was still so pretty, but her belly seemed to be in the way. What she
had eaten, I wondered.
Charlie Hill came down in little Aunt's A-Model to get me so I could

get in school for a half of term. Shit, I made it! I was ig the third
grade, counting, reading and figuring any problem they put before me.
I could work a problem in my brother and sister's books. Soon the
damn trouble would be over. 1 would be grown.. They did not like me
anyway and I did not care. Who in the hell did they think they were,
beating my ass all the time.
I had carried my big-bellied cousin some butter and milk. I had to

ride old Alex, the big Clydesdale. The other horse was gone. Tuck, my
cousin had saddled this one for me and left him tied up to the fence.
I pulled him up to the porch and tied my sack across the back of the
saddle, whereas I could get on his wide back. Off I went tritty-trop,
tritty-trop. The farther I went, the faster she got. I let her take her own
time. Once I made it, I found out that she was a stallion. My cousin
was really angry that her brother Albert had taken a pony and had
given me the stallion to ride, me only being an eight year old.
I played with JoeAcy until she'd saddled me up for home. She

hugged me and kissed me goodbye. It felt good for someone to care
for me. It was late. The closer I got, the faster this old stallion would
gallop. I tried to pull back on the reins, my strength was not a fart in
the windstorm. This horse was going too damn fast and I couldn't stop
him. He was not a she anymore and I was pulling back with all my
might. He snorted and that was when the lines broke and Iwould have
been a dead duck. But, I already had the horn on the saddle, holding
on for dear life. This devil gave a leap and was in his last gear. I had
my little leg in a hug to the stirrups and was now lying downward to
the wind. This thing had gone mad. It was his feeding time. He made
one great jump over the gate and into the stall, pulling me and the
saddle off his back. The other horses and mules ran out. they had to
give him his place. Only if I could have rolled over. too late. Too
numb from the fall. I was not hurting, I was dying.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
Uncle Jaret picked me up cursing as if it was me stepping on those

bastards. My new dresses my cousin had tied on my saddle were
ruined and would have to be washed. I was not going to have a new
dress to wear to my funeral.
All New Years, I laid up while everyone else shot firecrackers and
lit sparklers. What was wrong with me? Lord, you made me didn't
you? Could I just die and go to heaven without being left down in one
of those old humps? I did not die. I hurt from that day to this day in
my knee and my side. I kept on riding any horse that I could get to
ride though.
One morning I was in high school and had a really good loyal
friend and an honest to goodness steady bo'yfriend. I was not the ugly
duckling that I'd thought I was. Everyone thought my body was
beautiful. No one else could hold a candle to me. I was a leader. I
was considered smart in my books, but dumber in sex and worldly
.affairs than a six year old. They soon found out and I was left out of
hush hush's.
Matthew made it up to me. He told me.
'You must not let it bother you, their sexy conversations aren't for
you anyway. They are going to get in trouble."
We had so much in common. We both loved horses and we both
were set on discovering the Washitaw.
L
In 1939 my beloved brother went to the army afler he came from
the C.C. Camp. He sent us an allotment to help with our schooling.
Shortly thereafter, we were to see all of our cousins go fight for the
United States Albert Turner Givens, Louis Rhynes Hill, Levi Harvey Hill,
John Turner Sr., and Washington Reed, the ones that were healthy and
ate often from the same welcome table. Our family served Uncle Sam
well.
I was now old enough to know that I now had a job to do in my

own country. I did not know the meets or the bounds of my Country.
Yet, it did exist even though I felt a kind of duty for the United States
which I could not separate from my fsmily, who were over there fighting
for white America. Who had well hidden our past and covered his
tracks.
In school, much of my time was spent in the encyclopedia. I was

fascinated by the added knowledge theses great big books held. Mr.
Haynes, the principal (Charles Taze Haynes), he inspired me and
encouraged me to go see Mr. Elam Brown, who had a makeshift library
of older books we could study. I was fourteen and Mathews
and I were inseparable now. I
He had a papa, but we both were motherless. He became the male

company I missed i n my brother and cousin, also my precious Uncle
Percy, who was now dead. Matthew was just a interested i n the
Washitaw as I was. He wanted to enlist i n the army but he was not old
enough. Then it was December 7 , 1941. Matthew was a lanky
seventeen and I was fifteen. My operation had taken me from Paul
Lawrence Dunbar High School i n Little Rock. I had major surgery and
had returned to Union Central to find my long lost friend driving the
school bus for his farming papa. He had put his son's age up and
helped him just as he had his older brother, to get into the army. And
the same with Little Richard, R.L. (Richard Lee) and James, and also
his cousin, Jessie.
Matthew brought out a pillow for me to sit on the seat, right beside
him. Again, we were a twosome. I had made two grades in one year.
As Little Rock's first year in high school was the ninth, tenth, eleventh.
The twelfth was the graduating year. I was now i n the eleventh and
smart as a whip, the instructors would say. We had plenty time to
study. I graduated with some honors that my aunt did not want me to
take from my sister, who was graduating from Little Rock, the school
now had a junior college. It never occurred to me that she did not have
money for both of us to get to college, which may have been her lack
of interest in my being skipped in grades.
Matthew, my boyfriend made it u p to me. He was going to be

enlisted, as his age was upped. We were going to be married and I
could go to college on his allotment to me.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
The prom was special to us. We were waiting until that special
honeymoon night. Sex topics were off limits to us. The bombshell
came when his papa found out that we were no longer buddies and
were going to the prom together.
It was stone coldblooded to see the families forbid us to get

married. They could not keep us at home from the prom. We were
hurt to the bone to be told that we were cousins after spending all that
time in school together. Then, Ihad to hurt him more so in telling him
that I could never marry my cousin.
In another lifetime if I had another chance, I eased the ring off my

finger in tears and gave it back to him. He turned it over in his palms
with tears falling and suddenly pulled me to him and kissed me for the
first time.
He took a package out of his pocket. It was a locket and he placed

the ring in it and put it around my neck. I knew it was forever and yet
it was all over. Life had struck us another dirty blow. The next day I
knew the only destiny for me was Empress of a country that I was
entitled to, but had to find.
Matthew's sister wrote and told him that I was pregnant and that I
refused to marry the boy. He took a furlough and came home. I was
ashamed to face him, as we had never gone that far. He asked me to
go away with him. I could not disgrace his family as my adnt sald I
had disgraced my family. I had refused, the abortion and ran away and
did not come back to my people until it was too late for the operation.
Old Doctor J.Q. Graves wanted to perform the removal of my child
because of my health and the earlier operation he had performed on
me. He told little aunt that I could never give birth to a child.
This baby was my own. I would never part with it. It was real. It
was mine. I would love my baby and baby would love me. I found it
hard and cold in the world to rear a child. I did not trust my relatives
who wanted to kill my baby before it was born.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT OWES...
I prayed f! lot in those days. The ice man stopped to give me a

ride. I was tired and had sat beside the road to rest on my way to
sister Mattie's house. I wanted her to explain birth to me. Well they
said that I would have to put my baby up for adoption. I needed
Matthew to talk to, but it was not his baby. I would never talk to the
boy that did it again. Iwas hurt and the doctor said that I would die in
childbirth, anyway. I could not win for losing. Why in the hell did they
not give me to my grandmother, if they, my aunt and uncle did not want
me? Now I had another problem. They did not want me? I had to
keep out of the way.
The in-law men in my family wanted my body as well, I fought like

a tiger and my aunt never believed me. I was crying when he picked
me up in his arms. He placed me in the truck and carried me to his
mother. They made me feel wanted. He never tried anything with me,
but pure friendship. My baby was beautiful, strong and healthy.
I had a midwife because 1 was now afraid of the doctor who wanted
to take my baby from me. I was so weak until I had to go to the
hospital. The first operation had torn and had to be repaired. My child
thrived, but this family wanted my child. He had told his mother he
was the father. It was a lie to take my child. I went back home to hell
again because I knew that I was still getting my brother's allotment. I
could not stay there.
When Benny came I went back with him and he promised to let his
mother keep my child while I went back to school. I got a job at
Arkansas Baptist Hospital, studying at the same time at Arkansas
Baptist College and two hours at Philandersmith College. I missed my
baby. That summ'er I took a private job with a servant's room to keep
my child. Benny had sent him to me. I was very happy.
Then it happened. The white boy was playing cowboys and nigger
Indian with my boy. They were having fun. I was insulted to the bone
and went and got my Joe and packed our things. I was going back to
Monroe, Louisiana. If I was an Empress, I surely must had broken my
crown.
It was then that I hatched the scheme to marry t o keep my boy. 1

carried him back to Louisiana until I could accomplish my purpose. It
was business from the very beginning. I was in East St. Louis when I
actually got married. I did not need the Sears & Roebuck account for
my child in Louisiana. I had my baby with me and also my husband's
two children and his son-in-law. I did not mind because I loved people
and this was business. I could handle it.
I opened up a Bar-b-que business and Hampton Janitorial and

Night Watching Service from my glass factory settlement. My business
quickly was up and running. In fact, I had more cleaning and night
watching than I could handle. I was ,aware of underworld contact, but
business was business. My hands'were clean. My business was
legitimate. I did honest work and closed my eyes to the people we
sewed. I now had thirty-nine employees. I gave jobs to my people, my
child was with me and I was a happy woman. Yet, there was that
research longing.
CHAPTER EK3HT
"To Pull The Black Cover Off White Lies!"
Everyone feels that they have something that they would like to
say. Each one of us has some great testimony to give to the waiting
public. I do not have a testimony to give to you because there has
been too many already given. Therefore, I shall attempt here to pull the
black cover off the white lies that has been institutionalized in order to
steal our black land. I am a live remnant of the ancient black people.
It is u p to me to set the record straight. Whether you accept it or not.
It is not designed for what most writings are designed for. That is to
be a smashing hit. To b e filmed. To be a story for a play on
Broadway. I do not expect lhat anyone will purchase this book, yet I
am the author and publisher who would like to buy a copy for you to
read. And, I would if I were in a financial position to purchase it for
you. My aim here is to put it out there for future knowledge. When
time presents itself for it to be used for a reference of how it happened.
I can not go back to a date that I have not been told of, or to what
I myself do not know anything about. What I will give you here, you
will find it to be the undisputed truth in a study of white lies to steal
black land. This is not a hate message. It is a revelation of truth under
the black cover that hid from us the reading between the lines of
historical white lies, laid out before us i n his-story.
FEJURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
I am not a writer. I am a reader and I am tired of reading white lies.

I am here writing in the honor of my ancestors.
Their land, their property, their rights and their religion. This is the
Return Of the Ancient Ones. My mission is to ... "pull back the coven
of the white lies!"
I am not only pulling the black cover off this white lie. 1 will next
show you that she, or he, Louisiana like the United States, knew all the
time while they counted blacks as three-fifths of a person. I am here
to tell you they both knew that it was lying and stealing and they
recorded it as they stole it!
This next document on their ease four and paragraph four, states
for a fact that this state had an engineer to document the
facts on the conniving. Nothing that they did was legal.
One of the reasons was that, a number of deported crooks and

prisoners of war were here. Casket girls, prostitutes had been picked
off the streets overseas and sent here to be the wives of the politicians,
and they've been crooked every since. The governor like Edwards who
calls a spade a spade, the white klux majority does not want him. They
want a klux or someone so near to a klux until one would not know him
or her from a klux.
It took me a long while to understand the people of Louisiana. The

legal mentality is so low that it keeps the head down between the legs.
If you could get one to look you in the eye, then you will know that
person did not originate here at the time or shortly after the purchase
of said Louisiana.
Getting on with the document, read it all. You then go back to the
fourth page and fourth paragraph and you will find the thefi and their
lie uncovered, naked for all to see.
Start your count on the next documented page. Then go from page
-
one then to page four, paragraph four.
REPRESENTATIVE SHADY WALL HAD THEM SENT TO ME

BEFORE HE DIED, per LHD W.T. TAYLOR'S OFFICE.
Unlon USnlle
Lincoln intohaula
Jackson hmnklio
Cnldwoll Consordia
Norchausa Tcn~aa
Rishlnnd Coiisan
ClniLorns E. Cnrroll
Biaovillo li. C o r r o l i
Ri nn Ovachito
r c r c m r C : O u a c h i t a 'paris:% w=r one or t h e n i r . e t l e c ( 1 9 )

o r i g f z a i p-created o u t or t h e T o r r i t o q v oP 0rlear.s by Act 1 O r
1 8 ~ 7 . I t m s r o v r t c e n t h (14) on t h o i s s t . ~d i t s only 8 o s c r i ; t i o n a s
s: !ollonsl ---"The s o t t l c c n t of o u n ~ h i t a , s h c l l . I o n t h e f a u r t c e c t h . "
---y:,o y e o r a p r i o r t o t h c t t i n o
-
- undor t h o p r o v i r i o n s of r i c t 25 o r
t r c Sovernor o r t h o Tcrr!tory o r o r l c z r ~ , by ant v:ith t h e n2v!ca and
cor:?=t of t h e l c c 5 s l n t i v c Cow.ci1, hnd C!vitcd tk.e i s r r i t o r y i n t o
t~.:lm ( 1 2 ) c o u r . t i e r , one o f rahich ma c n l l e d t h c Comt;. or 3 u a s h i t a .
F o r t C a r c l a t i v c l o c c t l o r . e n d o x t e n t oC t h = l a t t r r ns :bar c r c a t c d 3-9
hi. Lafon'r .:np of 1606, t o ?:kick, Ou:.chita County i s sham -
e r i L ? n t l y I m s i . 6 , Tor t h e sort p a r t , t c c n o n l y ' r k c ' . c h e ~ '..icr*a2 -as
occ-;yirrg t h e r . o r t h e t r t c r n c o r x r 0.0 t h e Icrrltor:': cnd, cs b i n K .
b o c e c d on t L 3 c ) i t by t h c r i t ~ i ~ : i j . ~~ i : - z r ( C ~ V E n p o i r e 07p05il-= t h e
u;?r p . r t or 7cri;:s L-.kc, 13 v e r i r i c d i n ~ c 2 2t o r 1809). on t h e rest
ky k5.c C a u n t y of i : h t c h i t o c > c r , on t h c m r t h by tkc :So 1:titudc (r.+ish
hl* r ~ b s c q c n t l yr z r v e d m s t h o L o ~ i r i o ~ . r - l v k c ~ rSta:c cr tm,21=rj l i c l ) ,
e e c- t h o s o v r t by t h e c ~ . : ~ t i .,r~ . ~.,d Acpidcs. ~'*ort~:atc?;,
LC-='*r,np f r i I c d t o ihov: thu County o r ? j F i d c s t y c c ~ c . r r d d i ? l o t
p l r : ~ tho rovtt. of o u ~ c s i t ac u o r . ~ : h c ~ i c . i c r , r c s k t 1 0 of 1006
I o r t h c i n a r c e t t??<h prr:in:rt dot% coaccrzcd.
I t I.111 LC n o t i c c d t k n t t h c I',rti.ern liii:r of t!.c Z = ~ i d c a

S c t : l e ? c n t r m r e -.o: p c r t r r ; c d on t!:c Lotoc'r C=F o r 16C5. i k c y z-rs,
hm.z:er, i n d i r c c t l ~C a r i h c d , f o r :hc r i r r t : k c t y ;kt 1C of 1508. T h i s
1=::?r Act v . 2 ~ i t i i l ? r h t h c r v n p c ~ n di n l c r i n i t c ir. r=c ?cr;*ctr.
(Fs.- e x p l x n c t i c n o r t h e x s n i n ; r?t i n t c n t t m r c o r , i c c :hc 2 : s c ~ r c i . c r ' s
foo::otcs p l r c e d c s 0 c o ~ ycf t h o kt r i l c l [ o r rc:irc;:c .%rthcr r o v c r t r
the k r c k or tile C u c c h i t n i ; r i ~ h kw,d.ry T ~ l i a ) . Zrirll:. r t r t c d . t h e
k ~ i i c : - k l c h i t c ?-ri?ih bavr.d=ry l i - c un<zr t h c l??d k t kc:-? t'c
C2.:.'~ul~-Dunsl~i:~ i = r i s S tour.dzry 1ir.c. t:? c x t c r 5 l : l ir;; :hc ui~;:;. cT.1
or rex%li L-ke l:artt::?:t;;-.rdly t o t h o aocur ~ i v c ri.rc:~-,:bl? rcashir-z
se: sznrv:h?re i r . t h s v i c i n i t y o r Three i 3 v e r s L..:.di::~. t r m .the 1-tter
p o l e - : . h i c h y . 2 : ~ ~ : : : r t : l ~ - : h c o r i d i - o l P : J ~ ~ F ; - (.-::-.ti'.: P c r i z h
b , c l c r y can bo r.;-.G!y k r c c c d w i t h t h c c i d of tl:c c f o r c > c z t i c n c ?
root:.:tes.
Sobraql:cnL.ly t h c b c u c d a r i ~ rs u r r c n t t o Cunchit: 'nrish i n 1816

rcrc r : h t c h i l y
rhc;n c:, ?,h, Lhrty'~ n3p o r 1CIG. :-.kc:>; c r l h m ' z n:;,
o r 1:36 rhr;?d t S c O.r:rhitz-C:t~houl. 1i:e nc:-7rii:!c :a titc A r t ipyro:'cb
Ear:? < t h e 1E30. \.'.icl~ m; '.hc p r ~ v : i l ifit i ~ ~i n i t ; ? i r , s p i t e of 3
. ~t : ( S C C S C C ~ I O D 2 o t t h e k t =pr?oVCC
sou;lc of i ? - t c r i = t ~ c n e i r k
c=rc> 20th. 10Z5.)
p r r i s h ( C a l d m l l ) b d boon n r s o t s d o u t of tllo s o u t h o r n p a r t of Cuuchitn

F z r l s h and t h c northorn p a r t of Catnhauln p a r i s h , t h o r o b p C i s t u r b i ~
o\?n t h c 1835 l o c a t i o n of t h o Ouashito-Cntahouln bouodary l i m . C-tcrby
Gl:?m'i map d i d , ho-vcr. p r o p c r l y show t h o nor+l:srn p o r t i o n of t t m
T r m c r (*lachit&-Entchitochos boundary l l n o tt.ot t a d by that t h o , t e c a e
t t c toundmry l l n o botrmcn C l n i b o r n r MC Cuzshitn P - r i r h c s . i n s o n r o r n i t y
.:;-.
i, Act (2 Of 1 8 B .
Thus t h o R r l r h OS Ounchita as o r i ~ i n o l l ys r e z t c C , c n b r z s c d an
c*er..ivc m e n i n t h o n o r t h c c s t corner o r tho T e r r i t o r y of 0rlc::s. that
7.:: rrtonmrer subdiuldod i n t o rsrcr:l nnr p r i s h c s o r parts oS =or
pL~::hcr, of v h l c h . O u ~ s h i t cnoy bc ~ n i Ct, Lnvo bcon t h e "notbcr"
~ L r i s h . O n t h c o t h e r hand, parts o r tho r r i i s o d P c r i r h of Conccr?io,
i:Z of t h e P o r i r h c r of ~ r o n i l i rnze C;t=houlil l i r a , i n t u r n . h i ? c d t o
t t ? crsa o f h m s h i t m F t r i r h a i t h a u t .cru!ng, hm-xcr, t o i r r r e n s c t h o
r r k z i n - 1 a r o c of h n s h l + ~p a r l 5 h .
Thc ncx .=rlrhes t h a t wcrc s r c a 5 s d . h o l l y o c t r f p o r t i c 7 a oS

th c r i g i x l c r c s o r o u a c h i t a ~ : r i r h a n : Ucion ( i n 1839). Uoroh>urc
(i: 1844). C c r r o l l (ir. 1832). n t i s h m s 1:tor -
i n 1877 rubClriCed -
.:i East sad ) % s t C a r r o i l P c r i r h c r . nnl PichlcnC (1688); r:?.ilc 5 h s new
7 2 r i s h c r t h a t 6-re c r t z t c C ~ ~ i n1 ~ y ~ P ir 3 jl-irtion: t d t h 6 3ri;iral
cre? o r Ounchit:, F o r i s h arc, I.in:=lh, LC~C :,
Eie:-dl>c, >=r.?lir,
C:l+;.?il, K i m 1111 i l a e i s a z , t h l l o c a t i o n L T . ~ C S C ? ~ of 211 cf x h i c h L T O
c z r r e s t l y rh9;;r o n t h 2 0:sici;l E l p qf L : . ; i r i ~ c , 1937 ZLi:ior., 5 t h
ttl bound;ricr t h e y >on pnsscsa.
Pcrhcp:, 8.r t h c r c = s > n th:t ir.t?.c tcgirr.ir.6 s e c c r r l 7: the

*:=a r e l a t i 2 6 t a t h c l s s 3 t i n r . o r rn?c o f t h c earl)' taunC=ry l i z i s il t h o
c i r e m l arc> scnceryz.! w r o r a r r o r l r r r ..quc 2s t r , t h c i r c x z c t i n t e c l .
c.<rmm c o n f u s i n g , t ? r a y t l r l c a r t , i t nly 5c zC i n t c r c s t t o h c r e
b ? ; t c a l i t t l e rp-cc t o t l l c i r cluci.'rtio> E.:EZ t h s u ~ t .t k c y mny La-c
.-
l:rg s i r ~ cb c c m c u b s a l r t : ant. S J r t l : ~):I$ : r t , sorge:te:r. C,?ics c s
c::crpts S r m 311 t k ; d e l ? . k t r : z ~.?11:r o r th.3 l r t o r a32 ? r a - - i l i r ~
i::r .:rill b: f x ~ ; d ' r u + > c i . tov.-.:..'; t?.: kc:: of t h c OulcY:? P r r i s b
3 . c i n r y F q l i o , w i t h k r l r f u l c:;;!ccctory ro:t=~tcr ru?c-in?cr:L -5crcon
t:: ?cur Rcsc:rchcr.
U-Gcr t'lc yrs:.isicr.: O I S:c'.i:x 1 a ? k t 1 0 of 18:l. I t c

ce.c:-.t of t h c :rc% o f o u o c h i ' . ~ : z y ! s ? ,.=: C:-.::.::>,Q+ C: :>.c ::::: tiv.2
t;: t r : n $ F c r r i ~ . c t o C:x:rei:, 311 .:c' ~::i::: :.::hi:> the ori$i:.:l :re=
c f Cnrh;t: F z r i r h 1 - i z ~err: of E:you "-;I: -
:'c> ur.$cr Sc:t::r 2
cZ :he sa7.c Act - t h c p c r i s h o: C r z c ? r ; i > , ::$21 ~ l i r i c C ,> z s Ci\.ide(.
:. t v . 3 p ? , r t t , t ? c upper o r r.>r~L;rz yr:: t?.ercoC ( r i t u r t e ? ncr.? a f
r 1 i r . c c x t e n e i c g S r = r i c mouth <.f zii:)'~-C;.:~l a t t h o c a r t li:.? ;C
C3:tisn 41 o r r:~.=:hi?.is i:orth, R : & ~ 1: ::st, ts.enc.so i:it= :-i ;i;:u:h
irk S t . Jrrcyh, rhr:r.ce up CV,,~U I)ur?;l2. t 3 ~ : I Cl i t t ~ r 70c:h ~ s i t E-.:IN
!Lcc:i
0
- C
ific1uLi.y; t h sroc
t i S
~
: t
tr:nrr:rreC
l i L
u-.:=r S c c t i c x 1 ) Leir.6 l?;.c:?d
1 1r i t . T!cn
u d s r t h c p i ~ r ~ i i l c z:,r s t h e h ~ :p;r3~~..!
t r:k7u-.iy a, 1014, tho : r e 2
C T 0l;Zchitl P c r i z h v . 2 ~ i n c r c c s c ~ !ty r o t v r z i r g t o 0unchit.-. P ~ l r i r hr3Llr.t
+: ; : c f t t c s:,;rt-li.,c? r c r i s h -.f k r r c n ( & ? r e r e r c r r c l t o o; L z i i r . ~
=::: crc:tcL iiz.<cr the prn",:i?> >? s :ic. 2 c s Act 10 "f lP!l 2": rr
L ;.-.rt 3s Ccnc-r2i3 ??.risL1) LS :.i si:~z:ci c ? : . : ~ t l , ~Y ~ . ? C T lire C T
<z::. 1 : i l I i k m ' s pl::>t:5;?n - .,.5c!, :,.i? L;;.:,li:c v.2: :%n lo<!.:?<
c: r?.c & i r i d i n e 1ir.e i c t c c c n b c ~ t i o ? . . 3 .r.e i or i o r , ~ s h i p17 I!?::>,
R q o I( East - t h u s a g a i n f o r a i + l l o r c s t o r l n g t o Ovaohita Pnrlnh

Ir;:.ta&e on tho U i a s l s s i p p l Rlver. Tho a c t a p ~ r o w dF e t r ~ ~ . r28, y 1814 -
ab:m mentioned - a t t h e rcno tlmo prov18.d Tor tb olmcxotlon o r tho
r ~ l l n i n goran. o r t h o P a r l r h of ih'arrol t o Conoordln Y l r l s h . (Hoten
Vnrr?n County ir. t h e S t a t o of U i a ~ i s ; i p ~ is I s i t u a t a d j u s t acroar t h e
I I : l x l r r l p ~ l Rlver Frm t h o a l t o oT tlm f o r n o r Fmrlaln of Kcrrcn I = t h c
6fl:o or ~ c u l a i + ~ ?
Gunchlta Par1;h m s q u l n -
thi. t h o rlnolly
fr:ztlge on the U i s ~ I s r i p p 1b y t h e kt approvot on Llmrch 14, 1832. h m
-
C c p r l ~ c dof
C e - r ~ 1 1P0.rf.h rrss c r c a t c d . (Sotc: I n t o r on. C a r r o l l \=s sub6iviCcd

1 2 : E s s t and % s t C a r r o l l m r i t h ~ sI n w i t h Acts 24 and 113 o r
leir.)
Tho Intont o r Acts rutaoquent t o 1832 ksprc lcat mP@c*.

c\iqu;us due p r i n n r i l y t o trm + o c t o r r , v i r , F l r a t , t h c o a t n b l i s k o n t
o r the r y r t m o r m o r i r l a n s n d boss ~ j n e sf o r r r n v m h ~ p scn& % q c s . t o .
+Lch - ns r c l l os t o t h c i r ImluZeC r c c t i o n l l n ? r -t h c C c s c r i ~ t i s n so f
p r i s h bound=rios c o v l l t h c r e a f t c r fc n c r e r e ; a l y and S c f l n l t e l y rc-
r e r r e d . Scoon*, t h e r e l o t i v c l y nara a c c u r o t c cnC corrplctc mappi.% of
= m a n s nn< o t h e r t ~ p g r a ~ h fi cca t ~ . r e s ( o r t h e Tcv.nr?.ip s w v o y s m r c .
ei;enCcC in2 er.br:ccd them), thcrcb., r n a k i n ~*:id roriturcr c C d i t i r r = I l Y
c d l ; r b l c t o J c r v c or ;braible bo1~11:ry l i n c r . For t h c s c roo9Qrs. 30
r z b c r s p e c i a l : u t l i n s c ~ ~ l o n n t ,rill i ~ ~ 5te 7rcrcntcC >:re. nc? i n l l c u
t?=rcof your Rcrc=rshcr h?.s ruperi?p>sc.? hclpCul r o ~ t m t c ro:r c?;ics Of
clrer?ts c::h c r tltc r c l c t i ~ . c l ? ]:.tar p r t i n c n t Acts v ~ c h tJ -
h::cirabouc rcc,wtcl - havc bcon r i l c d Tor rc2zrc3cc i n chro>oloEicQl
tc;oer.cc Purtkcr t o K r e r t h o bask oC t h o Oucchita P a r i s h B o u n t o r ~F:lio;
tL--. cnnblicg rcj.a?.d t t t t r - ~ oupon t b c o:rici.i .jc> o r L n u i s i a s . 1537
-.:
i c - t i i n , thc c c r l y 3r.C ir.:orin baur.darics ct r z l l nr rsc ;rrcusilir,r
t-.x.3.rIcr cr tkc rzrir!a o r O u c c h i t l .
~ h F
c nrish OF Ou=chitn. 2s i t ~ 0 x 7c x i ~ t a ,is bounr!c< ci f o l l - 3 :
.
k t b c n l r t h by n p ~ r t i o no r t h c Parish o r U r i c =n< n s n n l l :=rt of
L!:rehaurc ~ ' : r i ; ~ , 02 t h ~ 3 . t by p r t i o n j )!orchousc cne RicN:nd
F r r i s h a s , on t l c s o u t h b y C x l C i r l l ? r r i s h . and os t h c vest kl r a r t i a m
o I J3ckror. 3r.i Lincsln p a r i s h c r - 011 nr corrcctl:,sho:m 03 t h c OCrisIRl
::E o f L0uisl::a. 1957 E t i t i o n .
At c-c time o r another, t h c r o l l ~ , i l : -c,l . r o r o l o ~ i c o l l y

= f ? r o u i a t e a l y ; ~ r c ; c ~ t c Acts
d o i t h c r bore C i i c ~ t l : , o r inLirccCly or. th:
r-3: or prcscr.t tounCaricr or C u = c h i t ~i z r i r h :
- Act 0 2 tl:e 0 t h 1I.S. C o s r ~ s( l z t Sc;ri?n), nc7rovct E=rc!; 2 L

1%. F. 1293 t h = t - - - " : r e c t ~ d ~ 9 u i s i - n u i 2 t o twc ~ c r r i t o r i c s " - - -
.-
r - o v i t c d r o r ?>.a tenrcr3irv covcr.mcr.t t h c r c o r . ~ h Louirion.
tf t h c r o i n a x k i n g ~ ~ v i d c d;as
c rcferrcd
, t h r nrcn t h t h:L p r e v l o u r l y s o = r t i t u t c *
t t c q u l t c s;eciclrs * ' ~ ~ ~ v iO P~ ~ ; ?c u i s l c n c " . F J ~t h z l i m i t s o r tho
i t r r i t o r y nP Orlcnns s o e r c - t c t , r c c h i . L>r,r'r s a p uf 1006. I t V G a
i*r.tIc.l -41th t h e r c ~ i o r .t h a t i n 1012 P?c;lc t h o State of l a U i % l ~ ~ . ' .
~ r t ~ r ' t hncill:im
o or t h e nrc: t h r t no., c q t r o c c r t h c~l r h t s o c c l l c d
. 3 3 r i d o F m r i ~ t c f " o r t!rc S t a t e .
- -
A c-
:. :4<, tlctt
t 25 ?r lP05 irri:l:tiuc
<i\,i<-.cL L h c * i o r r i t o r y 0;
Cmurc11 or t h e I c r r i t o r v =f Orlcnr:
or1c:>,: i n t o e v . s 1 . . T m - z -
<re or srhich r . 2 ~Ouachlta. F o r tllc rol?ti.:o l~ar.:ion and c x t c n t - o r
JRN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
-4-
:%r. c:&ic:. rao 55. tzr,n's xc; .r lem.

~ c I t o r l ~ ~ ~ ~ c i s l n t i r r ' c e c -0: c it hl e :=rri::;r ::
Srstior 5
-.-
.-=ous;:,
. ...-.-
+L-- ->" a;? i t i s ::iE 1;-6:;y
crc~::: t h o ~ . l n = t z c(19)
~ o r i c i s l ;>!lt:c:l
:~::T:C
:-c::::,
:=L-
? z : s > : $ ( : zC:
- .
- . .
r l r r : i : r i ~ k c s l c ~ f l l ysrc:'.-C 0 s l u s h , clti?<;h - ~.
r l F=<X:::' I::'.:!
ol:mk:., -
tb.2 En?= ~ : ~ i : ?k.24 tor >=y ye::$ < :: =:>:: 2: >>
Cz-h,lic Church t o LC-c :he O S E ~ C J ~ ~tm:s S ~ ~ ;x.-
C t . i ~ Lc:?. :I
i t * t>c: d l - 1 7 r c c t t c r c e l o c o . ,r n.r.i.17 >A .;rc:t i', i r z l - c r c c .
3 r u l : l =r t h c FOP)- 3 1 :n CI:C:$ *='+his .kt, F : : Z C ! : ? ~c::L-:
?A-thcr : c x e r < % t h c b c k c: t h c 0 2 1 c h l t 2 i z r i s 2 Kc--i-Yr ::!ic r::>: I
~ t h c r r;:rtizcf. t o OYSchil- ?:rish. r i l l r:'c=l.tha T=c: 'kz: :%- 22'.
r - i l c t :7 ~ l v o:ny :;cclric i c s c r i 3 i o n o r t k lor:::>> 2: ~i.i=: : :
x?of ++so r i f l n n l ~ . i n c w c > (19) c i r i l or p 1 1 : ; ~ 2 ~ - i s > . z s , :?L::\,
nnl'rr* i: :csnl%lrjjr to +;on< - 1 7 3 scch c u r r r i . x p r u c :? :=TC
U i r t c ? . or u ~ t z 5 c ;or= o r 1css i=:ircs: EL rlt>:; r+ : Lrz:ri;:l-
co*a.=< i n .~:,~qw;t is:: tkt c i : t c r ruwJ'lr;Lo3 t t c i 7 i ~ i - . l ;~-i.;c*
= p r i s ! e = or :kt rclz:c< t o t h c i a i ~ 3 r yl i x s C: C C ~ ~ C X -
prishcs.
A c t 1 0 cf 190E. i. Z O L :kt F~?P.c.i t = r r ~ c t22 CL?:~!:

kb i : i : . 7":s k t i s n m c\w:1ct:. 3 ~ i r ':a 3 1 d i - =
u 3 va;i.-;y c F i e : a c ? tt:: i t he?. t o k rcj1:cae ti -2kt a;:.-:=<
Earch ZL, 1813. :hC I a t t c : . t ~ t~ 3 is s turn ec:t:i tl. .>:% c ~ ; : : i - i l
C:rck <.
1830: Xrrch 10. lFip.: cr.iZ=rc?r 23. 1C35, xs;r:'.:=?j.
:au=hcL up== i = t h o ,u:li:=
p:Th c: t h i s Ic;,,?.
c c i y l e ~ z t i s nc:r.';i=ce
(F:: :z.>ch I:*?
:: s:cGz!
<'::%3?;.5:2 7: :-2-. c: -3
a ? l :x
..- -
or
..
t2=7?=:03 c c t = h r u l a ~ ~ ~ i ~ h177, er 1 ~ s . ; . ? x .j
or tic-^^ or ~.oc>c: 7. 1 ~ 1 0 ,t v r:. c.:,. ?. ::.::.=

s1.c-r,. cr t r r --..
:cr-::-r.. . :..<..:, t--:. . :< :<..: :.' .:::, -,&7:. )
t.wr cr.;..oc :re 'Zc::: '. .;:.:.::.a: .-r.s : r :-.:: -; :. -.-!
ol t e i ~ ; C c u t t l u l , t h s c::=:;ti:: tci:,- t?.;:

. -
:P.~ :;:,
. .
..
r:::--..i L: -..- -.
tee‘ ic:ir.ltcly i n c l v i c d ir. t?,c :~rrri:c:; ~ : l c e t; ::;:r..:r: i-.:.::r.
k t 1 0 0: l ? l l , -.
3 < . +>st ;2r;**:: t o :c:?:: <cz:: t.2
I k A t t nr t h o 'cr.~;:y" s C 2 r : - r a n . ui t o b.5:: r % r-c i = , =
~ r t .ah -
F a r i s k s . nni f o r other j w ; a r c s .
p i r k o n :b.c
Tnis c:.: i s c:: :t%ol:::.
~ r c t c ~ c * s o r .k t 22 0'- leco. 7% lmt'.cr O C G C ~ C C C:.XV:::
L r L z i a s l t c or cl= Elssiszi;:i
=$ 1% :t:
C:LY
2i-r
r=r
~ X V I : ~
-6-
V l c b b u r g ( t h e l a t t e r plade tolng t h a r r k n o m RS Ylnlnut Sills). r h l l o
Coccordlm -
t h l s 1811 kt r l r r t ( i n Beotlon 1 th-re,?) oxtondsd bko Forlah af
l y l x b e t m e n Bnyou Yocon -
t h c C l s a l s ~ r p lRLrcr
m y n o r t h t o t h o 3 9 cr l n t l t u l e - (noa tho ' ~ o u l s l a n n - . b m n ~
-11 tho
9tttc Llml;
-
then, (In SoctlOn 2 ) d l v l t o d C o n o o r d i ~ as t h u s cl-tcnded
p ~ r l ' h o r t o be b a n n a. Cogcordla and 'ovroa Parishes. r r a v c t l v b l y i =I:
- into tm
f l n d l y , (In Scotlona .3 m d 4 ) < a ? i n l t o l y r l r o d tho l l d t s of each of t b

r n r i % h e s thva r e v i s c d ' m C a s t e b l l a h o d . For c l o o r ccnccpt o r t h c i r . t o A
o f +.Us Act. a s c tho Re'oorchers. r o d n o t e s placaC upon tho a0ein;mYlni
o o ~ yo r m oxcorpt P r m a m o horolnbor?ro rororroC t o o t hnvlng hccn
f l l c d h c r o d t h Ter rotarcnso.
hzt 12 o r 1812 7 . 4 8 tbt puFportod t o h t t o r 4oflno t h c

l l d t a or the ~ c r i s ho r il;rtchitkho., o p a r t 3~ nhlch mn o o n t ~ f i u ~ ut * o
n p r t of t h e orl;innl orcn or Ouzchita Foriah. It is nan, of a o u n c .
Mr;. l c r ~ c l yc b ~ o l c t o . Tho hl. Larcn nap of 1836 ?urp=rts t o s k r tho
l0cG:ion and extcr.t o r t h e County o r ?'ltshttoches; r h l l e e.. D c r b ' l lnnP
o r 1816 purport, t o show t h o l l n i t a o r k t e h l t c s : l c a %:ah 0 s n c l l 23 t h o
poylrtoa e o n t l p o u r t h r r c t o . >%ilo 1 0 4 d i t r a r s n c c 3 ca bc n9ticcC i n
x k t t h c s e t m ray Co show o s t h o l i m l t s a i lintchitoctcs C o m t y cnC
Furlsh. r e a y c c t l m l y , t h e y aro 1. g c ~ c r ' r lnear c m u ~ ha l l k c r a r c;o t o
co=lub - -
i n tho r b s c r s e of narc da?I:.ite ? c l c r l ? t l o : . ~ t h c t t t s y r r o
ro Coubt lntcn*'rd t o n b r a s c s u b s t a t i n l l y i d e n t i c a l crc3a. lc:vl,zg t h c
e x c t taunLtrIc5 t-, k-r n o r o ' c ~ o c t l y e c t e m l n c d r;ncr r+rcz>.ls CC Dthcr
ta?:graphy c o u l e !e rurvcycC ulc msrc r o l l z b l y n ~ p C .
Act a c ; r ~ ~ . c ltl n r c h ZI 1813. 2. 138, t h t t &fix.' t h c l x t s or

t h e = r l r h o r Cr:=!..r.u13. rt.lr'Act i s 2-7; .,>s.lclo, but i t c l a r i f i ~ ttho
i n t c = t 0.' t h s =~?i(;ua& .lot 10 o r leoe -
a11 =a s o t f o r t h i n t t c I l r r t
~ S r I ~ r a pohr t h l s &port ;rrd as ~ ~ l = l n c n . !~ r oy c r t ! c ~ l n r l y b, t!m
R e ~ c l r c h o rI n h l s roo.br.otea p;rtnlr.inc t o t N s kt. I t m s mczCcL. 3r
crrectoC by t h c Acts n;privcC Unrch 4 . 1830: Uarch 10, 1 a . 4 ; w.i, C-rch
2 8 . 1C35, res:cstlvcly; and k, Acts r 6 i f 1838, l S of 11141. 41 2f 16$3.
77 e r 1870. 39 OT 101.e.
Act ~ - - T = V C ~T&r12rr 2E l r l l i - . A 2 t h x t & r i . l c C t h s c:;: :I

t h e a 5 , o r t - 1 l r ~ ~ ' i : r l r h o r ~rnrror.is>,,e?jhecl&o :=i Ccacordia > r i r h c ~ .
p 1 = c l k t h e n o r t h c r n p o r t ~ a nt h o r c o r c c c c narc i n @%chit= perirk, 221
t h e s w t t o r n p = r t l o n 12 Ccncordlz F a r l r h . T h i s l c t 1 s nor oblo1:tc.
h;idni b e e l :,cr.<c€ or a r r o s t c d t
! k t r o?;rwcd ucrsb I < . 1932 rzC
J m e = r y 1 9 , Iffie. r o : j c c t i v c l y ; a z e , + t r SI z r leap, 61 of ~ c ' . J , 1%
o r 1846. Pa or 1027, an? ' ~ 21t or k r : Session EP 1 ~ 1 7 .
Act c:rrovcdl?orsh 15. lCZ'f, r. OOLth:t 3rr;artcrl t o c s t : l l i l h

t h c kau?Cary l l n o tctrmen t h c P s r l s ' l 0.' Hotchitachcz and It; o c t ! . ~ o ~ l r
p r l n h ~ rpn thc c a s t , nmplyx Cotehrrrl= cn2 Ouachitz Z3rlrko3. This
Act 1 s nor: inr;.aly oLx=lcto (scc kt, LZ OP 1028, 61 ~r 18C6 an-(.El of
1%7. t h o l n s t or r:hich n;;crcr.tly N r n l r h c C obun<lmt cx-iCsnre. hln=-rcr,
tkt tlicra luC b c n s c n s l ~ c r l l ; l oc o r U u r i o ~nnd l a c k c r <urin!t: 1.;-
fon:tloi: os t c t!v2 trppo~r;pV a t t l z rcc!an conccrrre a?d 0 s t l tP.c r c = l
l n t e n t o r t h c Le$:lctu~.o I n >r=*lourly a t t c m ; t l n ~ t o < c r l m n t l s a i t a
r o r t i o n or t h e bow.2.r~ 1 i x C O D C C ~ T = C ) .
kt '.2 o r 1626 J. 70 th:t crc -cC t h e P-rfsh o r ClalLcmc :Gt

o r a p a r t of tLc oriLin;l a r s % L o ~thc .Fat;rh o r >:ntchltcchci th3: t%r
c o c t i . y m z t o t h c o r i i l m l oro. of ~h>och!t\ ~ m ~ l l h aovcvor.
. it 11 rl=
v
101
YRN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
a b o l c t o nnC t h o once .;lsi:,us e r l r , l i l area of Claiborne Pnr1.h h...it-

self boon c r o a t l y rebreed i n o r t c n t throuch t h e sutioqvont c r o n t l ~ nof
mcrcral new p r i s h o . , o i t h a r i n r h o l a o r i n pit, o u t OF p o r t l o r s thoreof,
t h lo~_v'.ngt h o Far1.h of C l a l b ~ r n sas it 1 s c o r r c o t l y aharm on the
O r r l c i o l L:ap of Loul.l-, 1937 E d i t i o n . Sco Cntosby Grahmi;'s map of
1 E 8 t p r t h c l o s z t i m end extont of C l c . l b o r ~ h r l a h 4 s it x n s o A ~ i ~ m l l ; r
c x - t c d by t h i s 1828 kt.
kt n m r l v o d Urireh 4 , 1030, r. '6, t h n t a s t = b l l s h a C 2:-

5 - u - h r y l i n e t c t c c c n t h e pzrirheo rr Cat=t3ula :26 Ounchita aa te~ixr.lx
.
a t tk r7ir.t .~..e~ b?~ a t h~ -~
e r- .
. l v.i L. ~
.
l n r l-i-n c b t r h ' c n r ~ , m r h- i r s 1-~
cr;:scC Bcyov Xnson c.nd i x t c n C l n r thenco r 3 t on s a l t 11- t o k C Creek ,
~
4 3°C 1 5 b r t h .
thczcc Lo- -
a i r Creek t o t h e c!lrldln-
~~~~
-
~ lipl b c h e n T m m n h i ~1~3 m d 14
1:ef.h. thcncz n c s t on.s.ld 1120 t. c t t l o RiGor, +..icll a t r i a , a t t h n t
l a t i t u i c , 4 s LII;YIL or. t h o C X 1 6 i a l Yaj- of I a u l r l a n . ms b y o u Cnstar.
?hi% kt is x x o t r c l o t c havin; h c n mcnCo:! br tho f o l l o d n ~subzoqutnt
Acts: Tho k t s c p p r j v c d 1:arch 10. le34 ad Earsh 28, 1535, r c e p s s t i v c l y :
r-2. .\st 4 t o r 1C3C.
---Act c > r r a v c & B l r c i , In. lc:?, 7. 10C, tbt src:to& tho Tcrl3h or
C a r r o l l o r r t o r t h e c a z t c r r . .:>rt o r Cunshitr. Tcirl.5 one t l r s n o r t h c r z ? a r t
or Ca>s>rEl: as t h ~ s ofn r a r 1 r t . c ~th:n c z i s t c e . This kt i s 307
E ? S O ~ ? ~Carr?11 C, h a s i x €CC? d l i . i ? ~ d i n 1677 i n t o E a s t cr.& 170:crt C f r r o l l
(s= q t s 2'. MZ 1C3 IE l i 7 7 ) .
- r\Et D I - - T ~ V E C U:fch 10, 1C2G, 3 . 122& t h a t -

POI t ! tk-
sh;r:c6 t 3 e r:iviria? l i r \=ty.z?z. t t , ~ic:lshcs CT Ouiichll_t e x & C:t=h:ul=.
~ kin;
I t z:-?.eC ..~
t h c irst :rrcvc.I Ucrsh 4.. 1C31 - ... .. t h e l i n o r l l c & t v
t-r <rl::lnr
t % e l a k t e r Act t r a p o s i t i o n onc tmmrhi;, l o m r , t c t r n c ~thc h=c>.itn
E i r e r m d t h c e n r t li'nc o: lGnro 4 Ecat. E~?MYCT,t h i s kt of C=rch 10.
l&.X'?.ar rcycalcd i n 1635 i n rcrcr sf tho k t n y r o v e d L'nrch.4, lWO,
cr&r which t h e l c t t o r Act x g n l r ~ r e v a i l c 6u n t l l rJsn2c6 o r ~ P r s c t c Cty
.act Ce o r > e x .
A c t ax'rore.? X 3 r c h 28, l C t 5 ; ;. 160Lthat ;uraorteC t c csta:lirh

the -sterr. b2unc'nry o r t h e i a r i s h c r Cat9houla. .me l i m r 1-27 o t h c r
y q c r e s . I h i t "ct l a l o w : , a r t i o l l y obrnletc. 1nor.g other t h i q : . I t
s c m C t o rz:cnl tk -kt appiovsi: on Cnrck 10. 1GS'r. nnt t h r r c r o r c rc-
c i t ; blYo:.td .
th kt :hat ha2 kocn c >.. r 3 r c < m X o r s h <., 1G30 - 2 s t?.:
n i l i n 5 Act. Thc l a t t e r y r c r a i l c e u n t i l it m r =rrcctcr: t y .lot 4.2 or
--re-
10:: thn: 'crottcl' t h c F a r i a h or C ; i l l ' ~ m l l . (S;- c l r l &t 13 or lC?l. ?.><

Scction 3 o r Act 179 o r lG.16.) R$rr.rcncc t o t h e hct z;;rovcr! J;.zu:ry 19,
lG32.; s o 0 t h o t y l : c ~ . ~ i t t cezscr1:t
n 3:r;cC "A" $ = c c Z a t cnd i f t h i s R%;art
r?l!iTiIy p. S.
th:t c~c?.C.ct t k c f i r l t h or C a 1 ~ ; ; ~rl rl n
o r 3 r t l o n e r thc s m t h ;'art o r Oucchlta r n r i r h a:,< 3 ::arti>n o r :>& nrrrth
pa* of C s t a h ? u l l P n r i c h . This i s st111 tk.c r r c % = i l l ~ <Akt, :m'. thc
L o r L r l h n - 6 P C a l ? s r l l Fari%lla r c o o r r c s t l v rh2.m on tho O f r l s i t -l C:? or
.:.
~
Loc::lza, 1?37 E C i t i x . Thc l:rerm q u . ? ~ z z ~ l c s h c s t sh-n t h e x:rt>cr_

).o=:';r;y lira ef Cr.lt;mll r a r l s h nr rollar.5n- t k c south l i n c s:ctloaz
52, 23 c a d 24 i n T a m s h l ; 1 5 lirrrth, %z;o S Enat,' a h c a it rhouli' 0 3 - tllc
C n l k l l - h i n o h i t n 11x0 lh.n i l c Purthcr tcyth.
EO 1
J O WZ 'OM1 Jo 11 ' r W 1 Jo >ZI * + q 1 9 -3 "1 .'P'Tnom '

. -*sq JO
- 0 ~ a 1JO L L '3981
lo
~ T L W*es~o.qo
JO
m p s . a~ POWTZ-ID pm p ~ o a
- mm % f ? d
-'OLOl J O sc pm
911 'BWI JO I i 'MI JO 1 8 '094 P*?MJI. O V - X I I
0 . l ~ .I ?I ..*W.oil.Iuu=mq CWI JO ~t wv
rmf l o 2) 07
.O'OI JO sc P OLOI J O L L '0901 JO 911 'DWI JO.II.:~WI
I= j o
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yia q
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d v x I ~ I O I J J C q?uo psovaa K l l e n o 04
:WV.IW
w JO Y V T WO ~ PS-'o
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- * w ~ o . g o ur. mr ? q *PI> ' - r - o r o ~ :=nm ~ ~ '
~ ID
8-1P F ~
1 9 'N? =I P?IT.~OIV
w*mnx p m o?nm~ - W W YJO a o r v o i JO
O n n !zz t d +iwI Jo 11
- Kq p - - r n r e pqo-
.EL31 J. ZC P i 9 W I SO I11 P?? QE q V
us- k y w ! e b l e . ? o ua n o - I
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*'TOO h o -
01 7 1 : p w e . d i Z
-at. . f W T Jo ff W Pspn- ?-1 fDE Z C ? t l B t 3" 6 1 3T
(tor101 ~ F ' 4 . lS- d naTSnO?q

q? J? 7009 %? w- A-. m u a J o l 1 0 3 ?*IU'-upr?rlO ?&-r-
m . j o M p o a(a no .OOTOJ sqa *w i v m o m n !w I W I I N ? j o w$i.
9 .I>-" '30o+ uT2mIar oiq I a D I P I ? P u ' 0 6 ) 'tZ9UI Jo 90
.-
'q.rm~ qnt# >a -nmror a(%
M L9 SU1-d P W o g R D J 02
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74-
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W r U . pm PW1 Ja 111
.-PI-
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02 P"0Z.U mE3
n(? ;m O . r n(i
.m~-
W ' J U I ~WFSQI wia n.w.9 VQWT*
:
JOo d vpm so-
- P- J? .or'- 20 v v m Z W T JO 61 31.1.q
rs
- -.1
.o'n w IWI *m
?cim'ii-~
I +fi-~
JO wrl
sS1J.a -an-
P ~ W . Foxxi ~PI--D~
,tqI&jnl.Fk* ? W . L E'-
J<.*
?OO*J~M
-.P--*-
J? ?m*XI ?TO J o u W q s . 1
.IT m u il.p.r*-8 *I f ~ =h
~ 3 - aq.
- W m U T. a m 3 E . P P s l l I P ('4VoX O I g
8% p n r p + o .
o e M Y? * W . & I O .m
K .
t ( l W 1 '9 Xnmqy 0 % d. V * I y u u J ?W a.73.1 9 0 w r ) om1 '*
9-x P d .
' 'pOnm. LC61 '.-.PT'4 JO 6

.
I I.I*IJX) nn a0 q.
3b w .%?a J D ~ l f w
f ~Q~).u* ?* 'cz-'~-%oI P.ZI.OV
-1-.
"'333VlUti3A SS3tidM13
-
-c-
1CSC. 261 o t 1C61, 115 of lC6t. (8.0 n l s o t h o old h t o f 1:arch 14, 1032
t h t i n o l t o n t a l l y had *ma t o n r i q , oi t h a t t l m , on a ;nrt o f tho area
now d t h i n tho l k l t s ot Xorchouro Tniish.)
.kt 30 or 1C45, P. 16 +hat e r o a t o d tho % r i c h of Jackson out

of c o n t i ~ u s u z arti ions of t h e ;ulrhca or Ou&ohita, Union 0r.C C l o l t c m .
Thin kt i s n o w l n r ~ o l yobaoloto, b u t t h o l m n t l o n 0.26 c r t p n t or t k c
p l s h r h e n thvx crcntud OM b res&ily trcsed on tho OT.'lslal I!=? or
h u i s l z m , 1137 E d i t l a n l -6, t h c boun?+.rima of Jmsksoa h r i l h , as it
c=lrt. toCey. nro s a r r o c t l , s h g . o:\ * z i t . a
:. Thc s r c 2 t i x .kt Fnn
~ ~ c a or b da r f ~ ~ itn ~t hdc i n t e r k I_y tho f a l l o ~ ~Section
~ ; ~ 2 mC 3 of
kt 179 =f 1:G. an? )kt 32 o r 1C73. k5.97 *I. 19M b e r r s i r c d Tor a
proporot chzn;o, M tho mooruro eviCcnt1y rolled t o t c es?.orac'. t y t h o
e l c t t a r a eonccmcd, - 8 r ~ q u l r c ti n t h n t -bt, k f o r c aciC c h = n F c o u l d
b c a o erf~ctira.
Act 11'. 3P lU5, I?6C, . t h a t pw;loit?i t o re-r-ncx t o t h e FcrlsL

o f t-tnhculn s c r t a i n t s r r i t o r y t l u f , uc:~art h pr9visioru
~ of k f 1 3 o r
l i U , h5C h c r , t z k c r ira. C n b h a u l a czd nm.:xc: t 2 ' h a c h i t s T ~ r i l h . Tt.e
3 t crca no t r c l m f c r r c 2 i n lCdl 21: tl:ul r c t u m i ir lrL5 t o CxLa5aulz
P l r i r h , Qs ttio l a t t c r t h o 2 exis:r<. n r thnt 1rclu:'cd d t h i l I'-sns!xip 1 3
Rolorth, Lctr.scn '.)lo ai:Cao3n Kivcr en th *st m: t h c r:.yc 1 1 s t c t w c n
&"-;,a 1 an(. 2 k s t , on t h c c - s t ; ~c:.ich S L ~ Craiyc lix s t i l l s e r m s t t c r c
nr :he ?*st b o u 3 r y o r C n l b l l Parish. TN. :st lli o r lV.5 s t i l l Frc-
7-ils except tbt t.% m t -.re$ cor.csmce nca C;m; a p r r t *I- tZr.7 T=r:rh
Izstczr: of Cltahoulc F b r l s h - 2s ;ro+i?ce f o r i n Act 05 of lC52.
t t c Cross arc: i~.v.volved lr .kt 13 o r iC41, see t l r s o 2 of the c x c e r t
(For
*m % a J C ;=$ t h c t b r t c e z f i l c i . fsr r c r c i c = c furth?tor.<..rc: tb.c b s k

of t h c k r s h i b h i i r h lhuze:rf Folio. r i t h c x ~ l ~ :r..o.k;:ca
~ t o ~su;,cr-
la;oro2 t h c r c c n ky your Rcsearch Clyinccr.)
..
hct 179 of' 1C16. 7. a tbt i a S c s t i m S tt.:r:+r
tk l'arlrh of J2ckrun n partic3 a r t h c r c r i r h or 0a:chita :?:t
:x:xce t o
kt tccn
l c f i LEtrccn t h c P a ~ L c . ) cRi?er~ nn< t h c :ou'.hmst c ~ c . i reT J:sLran
I:rirh, n a ' t h c l c t t c r ttcn cxirte-' ( r o c Act zp:rovi? 1:;irch 22, l i 3 5 ,
ui b t r 13 of I V i l . SC of lZG5.) T h i s S c s t i , r 3 nf ;a: 179 of lil6
s t i l l pcm,Sls.
A c t 1 % 1P l:.C7. :.I?, t h i t s:%qut t h s tom:r.r:r

rr-rlahcs of O u = h i t = 3.i S a r c h w s c , t u t i r r>v:.nl:s:lcto.
I:f:xcn the
I t , f:r t h c
ti= b c i q , erLczc:u< 1:archousc PLrirh s.uth.c.r? t o th: z.Ahc;z :oitfit=ry
Of F r a r W i n Forizh, ss t h e 1c:tcr t h a n cxisl.id. .iitcm.?r:r, h = ~ - e ~ i r ,
Loth m a c h i t % C-C E l r e h n u : ~ ?=risha= * r r c a:lir r:uiscl z ~ $:5 :..'fcctat
b' kt. 11 of 1C5C =n: 11.5 of 126C r r t 3 I=%* Coroh?ur. rlrisi r i t h t h c
toun.2nricr it Orir.i72lly :.osrcrict v:hcn crcal.e< ly ict 112 o r 1166.
kt 1 1 c.' 1%:. r.& tk?.t r c - w ~ e r e <t h r t ? - i A i o n n: the

T i r i s h of F m & l i n r i t u n t z e +t tlmt ti= $5 the n l r t ! ~ w : t r i t o rr t h c
nivrr t o t h c r a r l r h of m a c h i t = . 1c:ri:y. t h c Eoouf nivcr ts t h c
L O Y I Y ~ ~ Ylira t c t i z c n t h r'arisbcs
~ o r P r a k l i n pnt. Cu-chitz, This h e t
11 s l ' o l l c t c h=v.ir.: LOEX =z,cn2cL or ~TTcc:uC. t y ) ~ 115 t of 1C6C.
kt 11C or 1C.l:. p. 11:, tbt O i v i i c t the F=rish cf C1:iLcme
6 t ercatoll tllc 1 ~ r i s i nOP i ~ c n v ~ l l c .T.hilc thi; k t 1 s
o\rolctc -Cuo t;l t h c ruL:cqscz:
novr 1arj.ly
c r c c t i o n r f ~ I c L r t c r , Lintalr., ::ckron
cn* fiat River hri:!ias -
C i e n v i l l c r a r i r h , ns k r c a t u t thcrsl.)., ,:I.
k c - cl~:ay.ot r,dtlr r c z F s t t o i t s ? o r l t i o n n = r t t o vhzt h ? ~teen tb
?crir
104
-PI
o r t g l n n l oron or O v o ~ h i t aP a r i r h , s n m b t h n t t h o r o l a t l m l y mmll n m n i n
I t s e r t r c m a s ~ u t h o = r t e r nmornor ( e a s t o r t h o h ~ e c m a mRlvor M E n e d t o
&t had, i n 1C45, t o s a s Jsckaon Torlsh) acre trnn.terra: t o Jackran
Pnrlrh undor t h e provl*iona o r h s o t l o n 3 o r kt 179 of 1C46.
~ o cs t of 1 ~ ~ p. 2 .67 t h n r croztcd t h o r a r i s h or wfnn o u t or

p o r t i o ~o r Xatchltochc.. ' - a t a h k l n and Rnrlde. as' thoso t h r s o l n t t o r
p s r l s h c r t h e n s x i r t o d . I h l s k t l a nor o t s a l e t a r l t h r o s p o t t o t h o
a o u t h m s t p o r t l o n o r tb crom t h n l m h d o d i n Wlnn pru1.h. G r d m r l a h
h r l n r : bsm~'ubroquant1y o r o a t a d and enbraead a u l d a o u t h r s t pcrt, u:sr
thc ~ r o r l a l o r uof kt CZ or lCS9.
kt 29.6 o f 1C5C. r. 211, tkt purported t o CoClnc t h o UClliing

l l = botnoo? t h o ? a r i r h e a o f l l o r q h m r o m d C a r r o l l . This l l n a z t l l l rrs-
-11s :a tar, aouth .a t h e 1-hip l i n o k a t r r c n T o r m s h i ~ =1 9 crL 20 Xorth,
N - c 0 & s t ; t u t now aorvoa t h a t r o r s o u t h r - r d nr tho hundnry l l m
Lctmcn C C T E ~ Z J ZnE~ C T I o s tC c m o l l . (SUO ht, 24 m L 1 4 3 or lC77, as
a l l a s t h e k t c:;r,rcd Uhrch 14, 12T.2, rind Act 241 of 1361.)
-h s t z!.l o r 1 ~ 6 1 ,p . 1 c 5 t$:t a l s o purportoG ta PIX u d d c t i m

the b u n l o r y l l m t c h c n t h o ~ u i o~r uorek3u?o h and t h A r l r h of
C w r o l l . I h l s kt - -
l i k e hot 296 o f 1C5G s t i l l proroil., w i t h r c l j o c t
t o th:t p c r t oC tb t o u n d n v i t Plxod whish l i e s oLom tomrrhl? UN,
t c m c n T m c N y r 19 41.' 2 0 2brth. C E a s t . I n fact, i t s b w F s s O
l a a;:arantly l i c a t l c a l uit% t h c t > r ht 296 o r ~ C S C ,c d it ,liPlerr frcm
thc 1:tt-r o x l y i n t h e f a c t t h a t it 6 c s r i b c s tho Corohouru-Carrel1
Tnrlxii tour.Cnv lix c o l m n c i c : a t i t s a o u t l c m en$ i p ~ t c a ?or a t i t s
c 2 . For M e a r l l c r r c r e r c r e t o t h c ~ r o e = lIl n~c c Latraon
D2lqc.yrs (Di>?:cy's) s e t t l ~ n c : t -4 F r n i r l o J c r r c r r o n 300 t h o kt
~ F T ~ O Vu ? a n~ h 11, 1C52. Phnt r.+rt o r t h o , 0 1 4 ~ o r o h o u s o - C r r r o l l 'zounhry
1 1 ~ ' r 1 t u a t cr c~v t h or t h o cmmsn over t h c 2oaur Rlvar t c -
t ~ c r r D l i ~ j . s e y~~cst t l m o n tand t h o F r a l r l o JPPTOTJJIIXI1s D I T T S C ~byC ~ k t *
41 of 1 M S nn2 115 or 116C.
Act 115 ~r 1~6;. p . 1 5 i ; t h a t c r e a t e ? t b . ~Tbrlrh c f X ~ c > 2 0 r . ~ ,

out c r c o n t i , 5 o u r yortlon; =I' O u c h i t ? , F r x ~ k l i n . C a r t ~ o l l n n diborchourc
T r i * h r ; s , 3 s thcy thr. ex$.tce. I h i x i r r t l l l t;ic p r c v d 1 i i . c kt. t a d
tk L a " ? C n r l ~ ~c r F.lshlr.nc2 F>ti.h are c"rroctlj* shorn on 1 0 t h tho quad-
rcl-:. sh-.ct$ c o r z c r n c d and t h c Orricl:l Cap o r L.?ulriam. 1957 ZCitian.
A c t 32 01 1:73, r. 6 7 , t h a t c r o o t ~ t :t h o r = r i s t , o r Li:col;l, out

of t!:c n3rtSor:. : o r t i o n r r t h o r z r l r h oP J;ckron. a port103 of tlr
C:rtCra p r t i O C tho b r l r h c r uT O ? c n r i l l c cn: Cll1l.orr.c. hnrl n ?*ion
o r tf.c s ~ u t h r c c t c r n . p r to r Union T i r l s h . l7.i: r\ct ; t i l l zrorr-11s c r c c p t
t k t the .t!arth h a i r or ?of'r.shl7 17 l!jrth, I n K > n ~ c s1 N? 2 mr
n ; ~ z c d t o JJc):ion Porlsll tr Act ZC o r 1C77. (:!*to, :m ~ t & r t l : D . = t ~ ~ ~ t
EZ n=::o u>-!cr t h o ;. r o v l ~ i o n so r kt 29 o r 1677 t o r e s t o r e t h i s -oxad
nrcn t o J = c ' k o n r o i l r h . )
Act 2'. or t h = E x t r a SCSS~:: -,r-1517; 7 . 39; +ha+ :%llvll+t t h o
. m e s h o r C x r r ? l l l r t o ti= poirishcr 1m31m0s Gnat ini Carroll. Tl'if
k t =I a - c . - ~ c r . 17 k t 143 o r ~ x t r mS c r s i o a .r lC17 i n such m j as to
t h c r e l c t c r e r t c l l i r h t h o bounCmry i i n c t e k s c n Ezat and " a r t C c r r c l l
or t c i q n1or.c h p u l!aoon.
Act 1 ~ s or. Ear. S C S S ~ or O ~lr.77. >. 21 ,t h a t m c ~ . C o &k.t 29

a t % t r c S c r r i o n or 1C77 i n such l a y nr t o nako 1:ncon tho L o a ~ d a r y
I1:r l c t t r c n t h c rnr1:hoa o r C a r t %a2Gost C a r r o l l . T h l s Act at111
105
RETURN OF'THE ANCIENT ONES...
-1%
1 . I t ha2 a l z o m s a e o d kt 296 of 1CSC.
A c t 1 5 7 of 19% '2. 334, t h a t rropascC t o cbr.=e t h o p r l r h

l i n c t c t ~ c e nC o l d v z l l m d ' c ~ t ; h o u l o h r l s h e r i n such x y as t e am.cr n C
t o ==kc ;art o r C > l t m l l k r i r h , t h o aouth' ~ n c - h a l f of Tcr.ashlp 11 j k k h ,
is mn-cs 2, 5. 4 , 5 and e l l t h a t p o r t i o r . of 6 Ea*t l y i r i > = s t o r t h o
h i > c h l t r RPrcr; ~ ~ o v i < ' . tcrtm - t h l r h o r tho q u n l l f i a e v o t c r s of t h c
:nrirhcr of C n l i ~ . e l l in? Catahoula r o u l ? canrclt t h c r c t : a t a .yccinl
c l c c t i u n t o Lc h c l ? r o r t h c ;r;r;,cse. (Eiotc, S c c r r t 3 r y J. K. CcGcc :r t h o
r o l i s c Jury o f C=?ahaulo T r r l r h , i a h i s l c t t c r of J u l y 3. 1931, l u ~ r r c e
t h - t = such c l ~ c t i o nr . 2 ~CTCT hc1C 07 ~ : 1 1 ~ T2r; 3 t?$rf>rc, t h i s
t3unCxry 1 % r c~m i r s nr i t i s s 3 r r c c t l y shown or. t h c B r r r l r - . n t u r = -6
r:r.zl~ s h c c t ant or. '.he O f r i c i c l l : : ~ of L:u$sianl, 1937 Z l t i c n . )
or a ;c*ion
.kt 1 7 7 , a r lPOi, :. 284, t h a t s r c a t c d t h c K r i s h cT la.Y.11~. o u t
of t h e i2rl:h of Clt:hN11, as t h e latter ?hen czistce. This
A c t s t i l l ;rr.mil. ri: t h c l o c z t i o r an? o x t c r t o r Li.;zl?c r n r i z h arc
c3rr:ctQ rhor; o n t h c 0fTici:l En: Lcui:il:=, 1937 Cditio-.
~ c r ~ c c t r u~i ,l,;L~~ i t t ~ t ,
(S1.2.) Gcrv::r Lor.:cii
Gi3VI;IS LC:ilLUI
RLSCI~E!. Zzri?ccf
"Then the man with the handle that barred his face read
the next topic and he skipped to number 40 and read it
to the Washitaw/Reeds and Turners and then he read
the entire Turner law suit and said you are one and the
same family! I said you judge among us. I chose you
this day, come and say ... HOLY, HOLY, HOLY UNTO
GOD ON HIGH."
106
Lu. 0
- O r a o r v r . . 4 r d 13. 181%
i Ue "kua d& rxicDnW(rmik.r) d& .
The r r r p i . ~ h .C.,ud.rul$"4 to ib ljl~
Id-ti&& u v s r d i w.)&kdi i k & i e r k e -3. L4hq.do fiv-
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An- L POSET, Clrrt + rlr D.ul
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CIRLOS TRIDT.<L. 6-7".

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L DERBlGXY, l u ~ l c r r s,LC G - 4 .
A PART OF THE 59 FAMILIES THAT

THE UNITED STATES MOVED ON OUR LAND
AFTER POISONING THE WATER.
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Thrn bas k n M e\Xrnrr d d u r t d tu clr B a d o l Cumnoil.suirn.
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a v ~ ~ c v
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I \ I :b H i d . dad I I .I Tllr ~ml! ~l<.runt~.nn ornidrnr?..i ! , 8 l liird i n 1111.
dzim
The eastern colorless nations came to a western populated land

already governed by an Ancient nation of Black people. This original
race was later joined b y the ab-original far eastern, s o called yellow
race. Ancient and modern science studies testify that the relation
between yellow and black i s red. The colorless people do not want to
admit the fact that the far eastern people were the second in coming
- to the western world, after blacks. It is a kick i n the behind for a
colorless person to admit that this story has been in the royal ass-
donkey's buff. The truth i n this matter is that, the black man was here
- first. Truth like this is a slap i n the face to his-story. We, the careless
black people are paying for not keeping the Holy record. The Holy
word. We went after other Gods. Now, we want to identify ourselves
- with every nation except our own. We are too careless to teach our
children ancient truths. True biblical research or even archaeology.
We depend on some one else to do the research and tell us the truth.
-
Black people... this will never happen. Do you think an old snake will
give you the venom-antidote to all the poison his-story has been
feeding you for all of these years? No sir, rebarb! The barb 'a rebarb
- i s a reinforced sharp prick to keep you i n check.
What we know as slavery was no accident. We brought it on

ourselves. The ship was pre-destined to happen to us over in Africa
to bring us here to meet, we the people who were already here. Read
the Bible for the truth and not for what the colorless king changed it to
and wants you to believe. The facts are still there. You must pull the
cover off the lies.
I was lying on my iron chase lounge just sun-drenching my old

tired bones i n the spring sunshine. The creation was o n my mind. The
beginning, the end and everything therein. The "n" i n the word struck
me as hard as nigger! I removed a "g" mentally and it became Niger.
Not bad! Not bad!
All Louisiana school historians teach the same.

"It was Don Juan Filhiol who discovered Ouachita Parish and gave
the land for the courthouse."
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES. ..
I must now undo this story and lie! Don Juan Filhoil was not even
here.
He settled ten miles below Camden, Arkansas at a place called

Encore Fabre. I have watched these lies re-written until I am blue
black. Go to Monroe, Arkansas and see Louisiana's Garden Park, then
come to what you know as Monroe, Louisiana and you will find the
other copy-cat Louisiana Purchase Garden and zoo. Then you wonder
what i n the tar-nation (Black Nation) i s going on,here! I will tell you ...
they are trying to make a Filhoil lie the truth.
I have placed a Filhoil Map before this writing. On Mr. Filhoil's own
map he certifies that all of this land was owned by NEGROES as he
called this Black Washitaw Nation that he found existing there. Why is
this Black Map not i n Louisiana's history?
Now, Baton Rouge i s named after the Marquis de Maison Rouge.

Why, the red stick lie is instituted to make you believe someone was
stupid enough to name the Capitol after some dead stick in the mud
lie, by some white stick i n the mud.
The Maison had a legal right to settle his estate by will as he did.
The will was perfect and it was legal. It was his land and it was his
own black child by his own Washo woman or Washitaw wife. This man
was of royal bloodline. Like Annamareeya was an Imperial Princess.
Yet, his-story to my understanding, gives all the credit to crooks.
The Baron de Bastrop was n o more than a commoner and a thief to
boot. He stole the Holland treasure after marrying a daughter of a ruler
and left with the bag. His trail takes him to Spain and on to France to
get into the theft of a nation by one Napoleon, who's help he engaged
to steal the lost Dauphin, as the shoemaker who both planned to use
to regain Louisiana. But death was certain to foil the ploy.
I was not asleep. l was not dosing. l was wide awake. Just sitting
there thinking about two storms and how the fire had destroyed our
center. Both Johnnie and Louise were dead.
There was no real reason for me to stay. The quesfions were where
and when am I to go with s o much now hanging over my head with
false accusations? I laid back o n my iron work chase lounge, looking
up into the sky. It was very clear and bright, too hot for november.
Could I have fallen asleep or had something else transpired. Dark
clouds i n this beautiful sky were forming. No, not dark, it was one
black, black, black cloud, covering all of the middle section of the
United States. It was falling to the earth. Oh my! It i s smothering. It
will kill them. It is nothing but black people being smothered to death.
Yet, I was alive and I was praying for them. I knew that my God i s love,
yet I was afraid of what he could let something do to these people,
black and dis-obedient. Then it began to crush. It was the worst sight
I'd ever seen.
A great being appeared saying, "LIFT IT, LlFT IT, LlFT IT" in a very
loud voice. I was so afraid. I was afraid to and afraid not to. Yet, how
could I. It was heavy enough to smother the black people. Again, I
heard "LIFT IT, LlFT IT" i n a commanding voice. I reached across the
whole middle section. I caught it i n each hand and began to lift. It was
so light. I was standing in Louisiana with my left hand in Texas and my
right hand i n Mississippi, stretching over the whole of the middle
section of the United States, lifting this black cloud. And shaking those
little white dots. Why, they are lies! White lies. "F ...m...g...guinea
feathers."
The black people began to intake life and stand up and form a line
from the great lake era and another line in the upper states west, all
coming south intersecting i n the lower Missouri, forming a "Vysigrl.
The "V" sign was now turning to a 'Y" sign. I looked around. I was
not afraid anymore, but the being was gone. Hey, was I asleep? I will
never know. 1 had a job to do.
What were these white lies under the cloud of darkness, suffocatlng
all of America's blacks in this region. My job was certainly cut out for
me, from the pattern of time. The original lie was his-story.
The present lie is his-story, his lie documented.

When did it begin and for what purpose? This egotistical lie was and
i s to control, to steal, to over-power, to murder, to hate... to cover! I s
this a white stereotype? Can we call all white people liars? How deep
can one go without becoming a liar? Where do we stop? this is not to
divide races. It is to pull the cover off the lies.
In the day of Peleg, the earth was divided. Nations, tongues and
the very earth itself stopped being a solid mass and was divided into
continents. The whole world was no longer Africa All people, were no
longer black. There were abstracts from the original and abstracts
from the abstracts, and down to a faded colorless subtract of the
abstract. What can I say? Can I really say that and not be a liar? Let
God b e the only source of the truth. His word was from the beginning,
now and to the end. Let His word be true and every man a liar.
Where do I start to uncover the lie. Why not at the beginning.

Adam was created and placed in Africa. Eve was made from a rib from
Pdam. This is a division of man, a splitting of a man. Adam or Atom,
the flesh matter. The dust of the earth from the rich soil of Africa. The
world at that time was Africa. North America, South America, Australia,
Greenland nor Euro-Asia were separated from Africa. God tells us i n
His word written i n Genesis 10:25, 1 Chron, 1:19 that the earth itself
was divided the day that Peleg lived. They were all Africans up to that
period. Even those that went into the ark then came out on dry ground
were still Africans. I do believe that there could have been a slight
bleaching of the skin i n the year that they were shut up i n the ark from
the sun. They did not turn white.
Here I stopped and prayed for understanding. I had no lights. I

could not type. The system had shut me down. Black people were
afraid t o come to my aide. You must understand what I was going
through to understand my prayer.
My husband, John had been murdered in the hospital, wherein i s

the place to recuperate. His brains had been stolen for a ceremony of
the Ku Klux Klan. They had eaten his brain raw.
1 had been charged with every crime in the books under a Catch 22.
My building had been burned to the ground b y the new mayor, which
I knew to be a fact. I had proof. I had been shot at several times. I
had suffered my first beating, attempted murder is what it was. Why
was the government so bent on getting rid of me?
The CAP Agency was responsible for my first beating. The local
Parish, illegal government and the Monroe city government bought
niggers whom they put up against me and filed all of those false
charges against me to bring me into an illegal, colorless ccurt. Both
had said that it was endorsed by the state and the feds. My prayer for
the truth, whether I was i n the body, I do not know. Neither do I know
if I was out of my body. For the first time I understood John on the Isle
of Patmos being fed by a ravin -black. Then it happened. I was on my
back and I was looking up. The little cloud got dark. dark and darker.
It became black and it covered the western world and was coming
down so fast it was smothering people. I was scared shltless A
being appeared, covered with the cloud and said. "LIFT IT, LIFT. LIFT
IT!"
"What is it?" I asked.
"Filis Milis Gris." Then it became like small pok-a-dots i n the black
clouds. I was shaking saying.
"What i s that?'
"Guinea feathers, white lies, little white lies. It said, LIFT IT!"
I alone was not smothering. Both colorless and the blacks were
smothering under the weight. I caught hold of the cloud from over
America and I lifted if from the smothering people. It was easy and my
burden was light. I was lifting the weight off the black world. As they
rose, they took on a form of a "V" from the northwest to the northeast
of the continent to the middle states. They did meet and formed a
single line and marched down the separation line from the east where
it intersected with the west to the neutral strip and came t o me to help
me free the land. I had lifted it b y my own strength. They marveled
and did take hold. I reached the document to the man with the handle
that barred his face.. He stood u p o n one leg and read it t o the crowd
that had formed from the line of people that encircled me.
And I was now crying holy holy... you must believe that there is a God
somewhere.
My tears formed a lake called Washitaw and tall reeds grew u p o n

the end of the lake. The water was crystal clear. We saw ourselves i n
a mirror of the lake. On the other side were the Ancient Ones saying
holy, holy... free at last. Our little chickens have come a long way
home to roost. Then, white lying dots fell to the ground and were
burned by the sun. The water was troubled with great waves and we
waded i n and stilled the waters. Then it was pe&e. 1 saw people of
every hue and said.
"Come unto me, my father has many mansions. Then, he has other
sheep not of this fold. Come and learn of me. I am not he. He i s i n
me and I am i n Him. IAm Who IAm. ,You must hear the man read
these documentations. And the man with the great handle that barred
his face did read. Iawaken, I Thank You, IAm Free At Last.
This document has been included to be read by any that were not
there.
CHAPTER NINE
"Who in The Hell Screwed History?"
Damn! History had been one of my favorite classes. Who in the

hell screwed it up? I was no mover and I was no shaker, but this shit
had to be changed. These farten-ass-bastards must be stopped in
their damn tracks and look me dead in the eye. We must come face to
face and acknowledge a fact or two about this history shit. I was
popping mad. It had nothing to do with anger. Anger cools off. I ate
this shit. I slept this shit. I dreamed this shit. I had returned to this
shit. This shit that they had taught me in school had to be re-written.
I had forced it on my son, for my grandchildren. I would be the damn
scapegoat.
I stopped. I was using those curse words again. I had learned

them early in life from my uncle. My daddy never said shit in his whole -
life. He used words like hockey, dookey and excretion. I had so much
Turner in me that shit was a shorter word. I was as much my mother
Annie's child as I was my Daddy's child. So, the shit's screwed up and
the more I stirred it up, the more it stunk. I fell on the floor to my
knees and prayed. I needed help. What was it that God wanted me to
do. I would sure be a lost ball in a bail of cotton if I tackle his-story
and replace it with my-story. Y-e-s, just remove one of the "S'S" is
what he did with his old lie. That screwed it up to be history.
Now it would be a sure enough "mystery" if I would take the "0" out
of my story and replace it with the vowel "e" and uncover what that
bastard did. It is no mystery, it's "MY-STORY" with the vowel changed.
It has been violated, pissed on. These black-ass school teachers

and these screwed up black preachers do not know their ass from a
hole in the ground. They swallowing all this shit and putting this
garbage back into the minds of the children and the public.
1
I was selling lunches to the religious center helping us to raise

funds for a community center. What do you think 1 saw? A white man
from Mississippi was teaching. Yes he was teaching our black
preachers. Huh! They are now the h o p e niggers. I just stood there
for a minute to hear exactly what this peck 'o wood was teaching these
black-ass preachers. His subject was "Everything I n This Net." I
called up everyone I knew that was i n a different church and asked
them to write what subject their preacher was preaching o n the
following sunday. You guessed it... "Everything In This Net." The God
that had called these bastards was none other than that white preacher
who was teaching them what to say to the parents of those children
who were taught his-story in school. This motor-scootering mother not
only screwed up his-story, but he was screwing up the Bible i n the
behind of these black-ass preachers who taught the teachers from
behind the pulpit. How ignorant could one get. Well, now I had to set
my net out. I was going to catch a woodpecker, a black-ass mocking
bird and a flicker.
I walked into the illegal courthouse to do some research and

walked upon a situation that would have made Jesus wept. These old
preachers who had laid their hands on top of a young preacher with a
Bible that past sunday, walked up to the clerk of the court. These
black-ass shits asked this white man, in the worldly court to give this
man a license to preach. I vomited. I was sick as a tucked-tailed dog
watching who they got their authority to preach Gods word from. And
who was their God that gave them "Everything In This Net."
EMPRESS VERDMCEE. ..
I had learned his-story i n school. I had lived o n the fringes of his-

story o n my own land. That is why he needed a story t o steal from the
"Black Ancient Ones, their life, their culture, their freedom and their
peace.
My anger was returning. I was not mad, tnis was reality. This shit
was real, it was not just in my mind. A deputy-clerk helped me to the
bathroom.
"All white people are not bad," she said, as if the question had
been asked.
"Thank you kindly," I mumbled, hating myself that she thought I
hated her. I smiled and looked her i n the eye and told her.
"Lady, I do not hate white people., I feel absolutely sorry for all
people. Why do you ask. Don't you know that the problem has
something to do with you people not having enough color i n your skin
To protect yourselves from the sun? Then I realized, you studied in tfl;
same history book that I did."
She laughed with me and told me she was slipping out with a black.
man. I told her i f I had to hide what I was doing, that I would not do it.
We became nodding friends from then on. We both recognizgd that
white supremacy; over the political and religious communities wer?
wrong.
In 1974, 1 made an attempt to correct it by founding a town under

international law of township. I was sincerely trying to put it (the land)
in the U.S.A. Do you know that those dumb-ass bastards threw the
book at me from every side. Even those uncle tomming blacks picked
u p the white man's book and threw it at me.
I n court, i n jail, beaten, hated by both races, bared from all

religions. I was left with God alone. I had previously filed a Federal
Civil Action, which was my constitutional right t o do so, i f 1 Was a
citizen. These federal ass-holes were helping the southern bastards to
try and trap me. They would not obey their own laws if it was to be in
a black person's favor. Election booths were rigged... you name it and
it was done to accommodate his-story.
REIURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
God was with me when they kicked us out of office. Four years later,
they were begging us. We had to run my husband said. I was tired of
the shits, But I was going o n to see what the end was going to be. In
1979 the police came with the ambulance after I called them. My
husband had suffered a heart attack. The bastard hit him in the head
with a billyclub and knocked him out. Low and behold, it was Friday
night. Saturday morning was when John had planned to march. His
eyes came open and he said one word. "March!" Shit, I got a cab and
headed for the march about ten o'clock Saturday morning. I picked up
my husband's sign and went directly to the mayot's office and left him
that sign for my calling card. History was playing its cruel joke on me.
I beat it back to the hospital.
I ran and I won. Not for myself but for ~ b h n n ~

Now
. he would be
exhumed. I had let them bury a body that I was not even aware that he
was dead. I had not really seen a death certificate. He had not died.
He was murdered. By whom? The coroner said it would be hard to
exhume him. The story of the exhuming would cover a book in itself.
The blow had pushed the brain forward, as the scan report read.
Johnny had ordered his own scan before death. He was not educated,
but was naturally a smart Chief of Police.
Eighteen months after his death, it paid off. It was other than
natural death. When he performed the autopsy, he found the proof.
There was no brain in his head. Those old shitten doctors had eaten
his brain. I now recognize the tall man's voice. It was the
congressman. He had saved my life from being pork chops on a fiery
cross and was still aiming for the seat of my panties, the old goat.
I was no closer to the murderers than at first. I was now angry with
the doctors. Only one was human. Doctor Giesler was for sure Doc.
Old red top pecker was David Duke. He was shot in that hospital. He
did not have a hole in his head when he was carried away from E.A.
Conway Hospital. They shot him i n St. Francis Hospital. The police
that came with the ambulance hit him, but did not shoot him. He was
shot in the hospital. And the murderer removed the brain to get the
evidence.
EMPRESS VERDMCEE...
They were then used for sacrifice. The brain's Doctor Geisler had On
his desk playing with weren't my husband's brain.
The doctors had cablevision and wanted to put it in Richwood.

Johnny wanted the citizens to own cablevision service. Mr. Noname
worked at St. Francis as an orderly monitoring heart machines. SO did
other St. James church members, but none visited Johnny because he
was against homosexual preachers in the pulpit.
After two days my husband awakened from his long sleep

"Verdia, come and look at my head. What do you see? It feels like
it is crawling," was his exact quote.
I mistook it for something that really was crawling on his head. I
looked and parted his hair with my fingers. I did not see anything. I
told him. "Johnny, there is nothing in your hair." I pampered him with
a kiss. I was so glad he had awakened.
He said. "Wash my hair."
.
I told him that I would have to get permission from a doctor as they
told me not to move his head. He had a monitor hookup and wires in
his chest. I was in Rome and had to pretend I was also a Roman and
liked it. I called a switchboard nurse and told her that he wanted his
hair washed. It was four shifts later before a nurse switched i n and
told me that 1 could wash it. I was also a nurse, but that they did not
know. In fact, no one here knew but the D.A. They thought I could not
do it without moving his head. As I expertly washed and rinsed it they
peeped. Well, I'd show them. I finished and wrapped his hair in a big
white towel. 1 then planted another kiss on his f a c e and teased him for
looking lrke a Sultan.
He said. "What did you see in my head."
I said "no ... wait ... Johnny!" I was looking at the side of the towel.
I said. "Let me get you a doctor," quickly backing out of the door. I
closed it and ran down the hall cursing everybody i n sight. "Get Out
of my way!" About the time I got to the nurses station, I was really
worked up. "Get me a doctor and get them sons o' bitches in here
quick. Get that sucker!" I grabbed a nurse. "Do you hear me, C a l l a
damn doctor." I dropped my hold and marched back to my husband.
They were sure to shoot him again now.
RE7URN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
*
I was crazy but had to stay sane for Johnny. "It's alright Johnny, a
doctor is coming," I assured him. I could not tell him.a hole was in his
head. It was the reason for not turning his head over. These
cocksuckers were going to pay my husband. They were going to pay
him dearly. I was fuming as the doctor entered. I said. "How in the
hell did this hole get in my husband's head? You bastards are trying
to hide it!"
Johnny said. "It's a hole, isn't it doctor?"
He said it seemed to be healing, whatever it is.
I said. 'You son of a bitch, you let somebody shoot him!" I headed
toward him when Johnny called out.
"Verdia, come over here. Sit by me." His mind was sharp. He knew
. that I was going to smack the doctor. He had calmly stopped it.
Then they started switching u i from room to room. Johnny

instructed me as follows; He told me to call Mr. Moody a professional-
photographer. Then call Roland Charles. Tell Willie Hunter to call
Charles Jones and L.B. Jackson. He said we were on some kind of
"Hit List" with Johnny Parkerson.
"I want you to get Sweeto to take you over to the Judge in
Shreveport monday. Take this envelope," he said seriously.
"Where did you get that from Johnny?" I asked.
He winked. "I am alive. I must save you Verdia. There is no way
they are going to let me out alive. One of us must get out of here
alive," he said.
It was all so confusing to me. I had my husband back and they,
whoever they were, would not take him away from me.
It had been all over so quick. I was out of my mind and senses for
days. No one will ever know the pain I felt. I forgot all the clues and
all about a box of evidence. He was buried on the 23rd of September
and I had to testify on the 29th. My head was whirling. I did my best.
the judge said I was right by law, yet we lost. The Louisiana system
could not beat the federal court. I knew then that I would turn it to
what it really was ... nothing.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE-..
It never would have come to my mind again if I had not been ran
out of the cemetery, while I was visiting my husband's grave. I had
brought him some fresh flowers. Iwas run out o f the cemetery. Then
on election day, James Johnson told me that they had the old police
car behind Potters house with the bullet hole in it. That was why it was
sold. James had seen the officer's car unloading dope in a grave. He
wanted to vote but I would not carry him because he'd been drinking.
Shortly thereafter, he was found burned to death i n the graveyard. He
cou\d not have cut his money belt and carried it to the graveyard office
along with his cap.
I heated the keeper so hot until she brought it to me. I gave the
evidence to the sheriff's department. They did nothing because
someone hijgh up was i n with the Marshal, or.why didn't they wait until
the Marshal's vehicles picked up that little girl's body years ago. Who
set Parkerson's office on fire to destroy all the drug evidence h e h a d I
right under the Monroe police's nose. It had to be someone close.
When did Parkerson indict me? He didn't. Richwood Drug Lords

through a civil suit filed b y Sharp, who's son got to be Monroe's City
Attorney, for the job he did on me. The judge ruled it so and the Grand
Jury had absolutely no evidence but had been prejudice by the news
media and tabloids. They had other than Grand Jury in the jury room.
I cursed the jury.
Parkerson asked me a question. "What would you say if...
39
Before: he could finish, I said. "I would say you were telling a damn
lie."
Wellington had beat Parkerson in a whiskey suit or beat the police
jury out and a problem existed. The Holy Spirit called. Wellington
Jenkins ,Junior had a license, but sold no more whiskey and told me no
more cursing.
It was years later before I knew that Tilman Brown had been telling
the truth when he said, "No child is over there."
He h a d cooked some lunch for me and brought it to the hospital,
where I was sitting, glued to my seat outside the St. Francis Emergency
Room. My husband was in there.
RETURN OF THE ANClEM ONES..
Johnny had been i n serious condition. He couldn't make it, I had

heard one doctor tell another. No one told me anything. They acted
like I was invisible. I had been so stunned I had not eaten i n days.
Tillman told me to feel free to eat it because he had cooked it. I ate
the food gratefully and it had come from the same man I had called a
damn lie years before.
This was August 1979. I had to think back to know what had
happened to Johnny. I could only think of the Richwood Police. They
had poisoned our dogs and our horses. Burley went to the fence and
gave sugar cubes to them. I had told him not to. We had saved Lady
and Cheater with her red Sassafras colt. Lady aborted hers and my
black gypsy had died of poisoning.
Now my husband was lying atthe point of death. What had Johnny
said i n the meeting? I could not remember what he had said Thursday
night. And it had been Friday when it happened. This must be
Wednesday. Oh, yes. He had called for a march on Town Hall for
Saturday. All of his signs had been made. The station wagon was
..
parked on the west end.
The shed had seats and a smudge pot under it. My car was parked
on the east side of the shed, not running and the truck as always, was
parked behind my car. Why had the ambulance drivers lied to the
D.A.? They had told him that they drove under the shed, which was
impossible. There were two broke down vehicles on either side. White
lies are so easy to tell and so easy to smell. This was one I could not
smell out though. Perhaps there had been a relative connection or the
driver worked part time. Or, maybe it was the one angle of dope
Johnny was working on.
Johnny didn't like dope in Richwood and blamed it on the elected

Chief of Police. I had not thought the elected mayor was a part of this
deal. He was just stupid. Then, Jimmy Smith and that Burley
Anderson had come to Johnny, begging to be a part of his
administration, knowing that he would win the next election. Johnny
knew something was wrong between the mayor and the chief.
He sent Barbara down to the trailer where they had Town Hall with ten
dollars. She purchased some weed for cigarettes and brought it back
to Johnny. He marked it and put it in his locked box as part of the
evidence he was collecting. Johnny got Jimmie by himself and told
him to give states evidence. I carried him to the D.A. for Johnny, but
I didn't know what he had put o n tape. I also didn't know the nature
of the testimony. The chief was i n hot water with the administration.
Someone had shot into the mayor's house and hit his wife.
Now my husband was dying because of all this shit. It was here
that my real thinking stopped. 1 had sat at the hospital one month.
They'd screwed up an operation that I had not signed for. I didn't
know the physicians. These bastards took my husband from E.A.
Conway Hospital and they hustled him off to St. Francis without me
being considered. I had to catch a ride with Ms. Mary Lynch. I told her ,
to follow the ambulance. I had been told he was to be transferred to
the medical heart center i n Houston, Texas.
The ambulance stopped at St. Francis instead of the airport. Here

I had to deal with uncouth aids, once they moved him upstairs. On the
way up to the fifth floor one said.
"I am not lifting this big man," snickering, skinning and grinning.
I said, "listen bitch. 1 am calling your cards. I said pick him up by
yourself and you'd better start lifting."
She rolled her eyes and pouted. He was out cold.
After a week had passed, I left to go to the ribbon cutting ceremony

for him at the Louis Lambert opening. I hired a nurse to stay with hini.
The Hamptons came for me as I was cutting the ribbon. I had not been
gone thirty minutes. They were operating on Johnny again without my
permission. ,No wonder he had never awakened, the bastards screwed
up. They brought him back and put him in the room with Congressmen
Passman's wife. The Congressman could go in but, I could not go in
t o see my own husband. I knew they were doing this because I had
exposed the Congressman in the Korean Rice Deal. He made a big
offer to me and I had caught it in live action. I was trying to be a good
citizen.
I was not going to take any dishonest money and I was not going to
Japan and China with no Congressman to out smart no other people
of no other country, for no amount of money. I told him over the
phone, that I was black before he had come to my office.
He said. "I'm old enough to know and young enough to go." Now
these bastards were taking it out on Johnny.
I remember how I had called Johnny Carl earkerson, the district

attorney and said. "I myself saw his body." He told me that he would
investigate. A few days later I called him again. He told me it was not
true. I called him a damn lie. I had seen this little white girl behind St.
James Church and hung up. Hadn't we seen them pick her up? I was
crying mad. This was a little child. How i n the world could they hide
this. I had the eye witnesses that sa'w her. I bugged the D.A. and he
told me there was not anything to worry about. Nobody was missing.
Well kiss my ass. You don't even care i f she was white, I said. I was
getting nowhere. I hung up. It was at least a month when the district
attorney sent for me. I sat across from him still angry. How could they
kill our black children and their white one?
I was so angry because no one was concerned about this little

white child.
He said. "I know you're angry with me."
I said. "Hell yes." I stopped cursing then.
He said. 'You were right, the girl has been found."
I wanted to say, "go to shit." But, his eyes let me know he was
serious. I said. "I do not believe you," yet I did. I wanted to let him
know he had not believed me. He got the drift.
He said. "I believe you. The sheriff had said there was n o girl
behind the church.""
I said. "He moved her." Now 1 did not know the Louisiana political
structure then. I had lived in Illinois too long. I had thought that the
marshal was a Parish position. Maybe a murderer would have been
caught. I did not ask him. I had just said it was their car. We argued
again.
He said. ' Y o u describe for me again her clothing."
I told him what had been seen by my own eyes.
He said that some hunters found her in the Sterlington Area of the
woods. This like history was another white coverup. Somehow Icould
look back and see all of history being covered up in this pretty little
white girl that may never be buried. What in the hell was going on
down here? I know white folks steal history from black folks but, in the
name of heavens, this was a child. A white child at that. God, were all
politicians crooks? i could not understand the D.A.'s silence at that
time. It was when his office was bombed or set on fire right under the
Monroe police's nose that I began to realize. This place I called home
had to be turned upside down. These farten-ass white folks had lled
-
and stole, murdered even little children to get the blood needed. TO
keep the Ku Klux Klan going. White blood, black blood, cat blood and
every kind of blood to keep it going. It was a long time coming but I
knew even then that, I had to go to a Ku lux Klan meeting. These
were the same people, their race screwed up his-story to make a t
history for me to read his lie.
My husband would never leave this hospital. There was something

h i t about the Congressman's wife being in the same room with him.
He could go in to see his wife, but I couldn't see my husband.
What was it my husband was working on and why had history

stopped dead in its tracks? " I f I could just unscrew the WASHITAW
from Louisiana."
CHAPTER TEN
-
"Legal Or Illegal This is How It Happened!"
The LOUISIANA said PURCHASE from France followed one long

trail of trickery and finagling b y countries and individuals for
commerce, political wars and world religion. The following acts took
place:
*
I n the six day of creation, God created woman and man. Please
remember a day with the Lord is 1000 years.
- In the day of Peleg the earth was divided.

- I n the day of Moses we built the Mounds.
- In 3,000 B.C.,
the Ancient Black Nation was here in the Washitaw
De Dugdahmoundah.
- I n 6 to 4 B.C., Jesus was born to a woman without intercourse

with a man. 4-2 B.C. - Home in Africa 12 years.
- In 325 A.D. - the Nicean Creed.

RETIJRN OF THE ANCJEHT ONES-..
- In 350 A.D, to 1,300, The Black-A-Moors or the Black Moors ruled

Spain, (the Spanish Mexican means mixed with African).
- In the 4,000 years before Columbus, the Black Moors traded with
the ancient Ones via ships of Shitta. Water - shittinwood or water -
shitta = Was-shita - now WASHITAW.
- In 1492 A.D. Pietro (Peter) The Black-A-Moor navigator cf the lead
ship, Nina discovered America. If you look between the lines you will
see a Mex-Africa, just move the "X" and the "A; and "F" .
- The said new world was too black. The Europeana, a bleached
or blanc (colorless) people, pale (white) that came to the new world to
colonize were for a better part, just criminals, fresh out of jails. The
fines were reduced to work for their nations. They took over the
colonies for themselves and started a slave trade to hide what they
were doing to the Black Moors or Muurs, already here.
- In 1541 De Sota reached the Mississippi River.

- I n 1673 Father Marquette descended the Mississippi to its mouth
or to the Gulf Of Mexico.
- In 1550 La Salle descended the Mississippi River and took

possession of the country in the name of Louis XIV of France and
called it Louisiana.
-
In 1706 these colonists made a new location to a site what is now
known as New Orleans. This is as far as they came or claimed.
-I n 1712 Louis XIV made a Grant to Antoine Crozt, a merchant of

Paris, who owned a fortune of more than L 40,000 (Livres) in India
trade called the Indian Tea Company. That i s why the redrnen were
called Indians, who were nomads on the land.
..
EMPRESS VERDMCEE.
(Read The Extract Of Crozat Grant)
Louis, b y the grace of God, King of France and Navarre: To all who
shall see these present letters and greetings.
"The care we have always had to procure the welfare and

advantage of our subjects, having introduced us, notwithstanding the
almost continual wars which we have been obliged to support from the
beginning of our reign to seek for all possible opportunity of enlarging
and exporting."
THOMAS JEFFERSON
April 2, 1743 to July 4, 1826
*
- June 21, 1775 -
Seated in the Continental Congress at
Philadelphia from the Virginia colony.
-
- June 11, 1776 - The Continental appointed a committee of five to
prepare a Declaration of Independence by a ballot of vote and elected
- were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R.
Livingston and Roger Sherman.
- - -
June 2, 1776 The four out of five voted i n Thomas Jefferson to
draft this document.
- -
- J u l y 4, 1776 Congress made several amendments to this draft.
Now, The United States Constitution signed and adopted that same
day.
-
-
- J u n e 20, 1776 Jefferson was re-elected the Virginia Delegate to
Continental Congress.
-
- October 7, 1776 - He took his seat in the new house.

- June 1, 1776 - Jefferson became Governor of Virginia, an

independent state.
- June 6, 1783 - Jefferson became a Congressman.

- May 7, 1784 - Jefferson was Minister to France for the United
States.
- March 21, 1790 - Jefferson became Secretary of State in the first

Washington Administration.
- 1794 -Jefferson became Vice President

- March 4, 1801 - Thomas Jefferson became the President of the
United States.
6
Particulars; He had a vast knowledge in Latin, Greek, English and was

a French Master in the science for the studies in law, mathematics,
being a Virginia Bar Member with the Law Firm of George Wythe and
Associates. John Marshall (late chief justice), Henry Clay. He was rich
for that day, 400 pounds per year, had black blood, and a ruddy
complexion, sandy hair, tall, dark and straight as an arrow. He was a
sportsman, a musician in the Virginian House of Burgesses, back in
1769. Perfect i n law and holy views.
-
1699 to 1769 The French Government was a world power in
control paper-wise over a bulk of all Louisiana. There in the Province
were no Parishes. The good old United States had not been yet
established. French and pre-Colombians were i n power.
- -
1766 to 1769 Both France and Spain had authority over a part of
Louisiana churches. Parishes begin. There was no United States
formed. The period of Anarchy begins.
- 1769 to 1804 -Spain and France i n control. Church and Parish to

begin. See Amiens Treaty and English Egypt Treaty.
EMPRESS YERDIACEE. ..
-1769 continued... A church adulterous act with governments of the

world. Pope Pius VII entered into dichorial act with Napoleon to fund
a war. An agreehent was made to trade Louisiana to steal to the 1776
Established United (13)States to finance the proposed Church State
Act War for world power. Napoleon crowned himself King, divorced his
wife and the Pope performed the unholy act. France received
Louisiana without the neutral strip of the Ancient' of the Washitaw and
without a Grant to the people and sold it that way. There was n o
parish clause. Only a clause for the Ancient Ones and Grants.
- 1804 - Sale of the Louisiana that had not already been sold or
granted.
- 1812 - Louisiana became a State in the United States.

- 1821 - The State was recognized as legal with out grants or
neutral strip. See Statehood Clause #27, without slavery. Without the
Washitaw, without Rio Negro.
I
I picked u p all the pieces that I could gather. I knew now that she
was not going away. Even if she was dead and had left the sald Cajun
Country i n 1935,shortly after my daddy was murdered. I gathered my
notes and put them i n the old tin luggage with Matthew's map and the
record I had kept. It looked good but it was word of mouth. My
grandmother was over 100 years old each time I talked with her. HOW
could I or anyone else believe a woman that old? I had returned as I
had promised her and she had gone and given up and died o n me. I
still didn't know the times, places or the event. If they were real old
could she have been i n some kind of advance state of senility that
caused her to over imagine it all? If so, how could she have told it over
and over again? I tried my daddy's baby brother and he told me that
he did not know anything about it. I could not find one soul that knew
anything about the Washitaw's Black Empress or Cajun Queen.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
Do you keep that gun on your tray always? Before you could get your
hand from under that cover, I could get you if I meant you any harm."
he muttered.
"I can take care of myself. Now lets get o n with the business. You
came to talk, didn't you?"
It was not long before I was truly satisfied that we were two of a
- kind in strategic planning. This white man admitted that as far as he
knew, my grandmother was right about Ouachita Parish not being
created. He was interested i n the West side. If we could join forces,
- I could have the east side. I told him it was all mine. The entire said
Louisiana Purchase. But, for now, Iwas researching the Maison Rouge
Grant. i f my grandmother was true, it was won in 1848. She also said
- our people were Washitaws. The name was changed in the spelling by
the Boston School Mams, brought to teach.
He asked me i f I would do the State of Louisiana the honor of

writing it u p for a Bicentennial project and I agreed as it would get my I
grandmother's version out there. He asked many questions. I gave the
answers to those I felt safe to answer. We talked about the state and
the possibilities until the clock donged for midnight. We both had
agreed that she truly was the Empress of the real Washitaw. He called
her the Cajun Queen. The Queen of Royal Washitaw blood. I accepted
his title at this stage of the game. But, 1 would prove that she was an
Empress; Imperial. He promised to bring me all the legal documents
that he could get that would prove Washitaw De DUGDAHMOUNDYAH
of course. We spell it DUGDEMONIA at that time according with the
sound. See Award next page.
The tall dark-haired caucasic frame got u p t o go and turned after

asking, could he come again. I said his name and as he turned to
answer, I brought my hand from under the cover with the 38.
"It would have been easy, but you are my friend."
He grinned and tipped a hat that I knew he seldom if ever wore.
As if reading my mind, he said. "My good luck piece to the
memory of a real Cajun Queen."
RElURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
I lay on my bed and prayed for finding a link to the inside of

Louisiana's public records. I still had to hatch a scheme to get her
documents back. Empress Delphia, the Slack Cajun Queen, a word of
mouth telephone trail. She had not visited us, nor we she. It had been
over thirty odd years since we'd last seen her. Now, after death, as
she requested, I must find that book somewhere in Mississippi that she
had written the clue in over 95 years ago. I must find the Grant and the
map. I must find the TURNER RECORDS.
This was truly the Cajun Queen who had lived and died a legend.
I am now the Empress of the Washitaw. A granddaughter of the Black
Cajun Queen.
~ U E V E N
"Bring The Cotton Pickin' Records Back!"
I was not sure there were any records up in New York. Nor was I
sure what would be in the records if they were there. They were
surveys I had been told. I did not own anything worth selling anymore.
All I had was stolen. I had no money. I had planted a secret note in
enough places to sit back. I waited and finally the damn records was
true to plan. They were up for sale on the auction block in New York.
It had worked. Greed was powerful. They were looking for circulators *
of the secret notes, offering 40 million in gold for information about the
surveys. The plan had certainly brought them to the public eye. The
bait was out there. Not to see what big fish would bite.
They were sold to the Ohio Western Historical Society. Good. Now
I knew where they were. How could I, with funds, see what was in the
cottin' pickin' records? I was doing alright for a poor girl, orphan
Annie. I was a founder of a town and on the board of Louisiana
Friends Of The Achieves: and I had planted my seed so deep, the
state called a Black History Convention, held by white historians,
bringing an expert all the way from France to prove me wrong. I was
called to carped a head of the noted speaker impromptu. Well, I
strutted my stuff. The honorable speaker refused to disprove my story.
But sanctioned it.
- - -
Had R been well enough for Loulsiana t o file a civil sult to get the records
up another 30 years. I could not win for losing the record game. The truth
existed just like my grandma and Aunt Francis read. Read facts.
"BRING ME mmrt =KIN" RECORDS BACKI~
"Since when did Louislana get so poor it cannot pay it's legal blll? Those
are our damn records! We want them. Bring those cottin' plckin' records'
back or you deal with me! Ohio has got n o business wlth any records
belonging to Loulsiana. We want them in the achieves for everyone to see.
Just llke the snap of my tlngers! Damn the cost, get the records!"
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
NO.
-
OCTOBER TERM, 1983
State of Louisiana,
Plaintiff.
The Western Reserve Historical Society

(An Ohio Corporation)
Defendant.
MOTION FOR LEAVE TO F I L E AN ORIGINAL

COMPLAINT. T H E ORIGINAL COMPLAINT, and
MEMORANDUM I N SUPPORT OF MOTION T O
FILE AN ORIGINAL COMPLAINT
WILLIAM J. GUSTE, JR.

Attorney General
KENDALL VICK
Chief Counsel
LISA KEEGAN
Staff Attorney
EAVELYN T. BROOKS*
Assistant Attorney General
234 Loyola Avenue
Suite 700
New Orleans, La. 70112
Telephone (504) 568-5575
ATTORNEYS for Plaintiff
'Counsel of Record
EAVELYX T. BROOKS*
234 Loyola Avenue
Suite 700
New Orleans. La. 50112
Telephone (5041 568-5575
By:
ATTORNEYS for Plaintiif
*Counsel of Record
IF THE
SUPREME COURT OF THE U N I T E D STATES
OCTOBER TERM. 1983
State OF Louisiana.
Plaintiff,
YS.
The Western Resw.2 Historical Society

Defendant
MEMORANDUM I N S?lt.PORT O F MOTION FOR

LEAVE T O F I L E A;", N:RIGINAL COMPLAINT
The Western Resel-rz Historical Society, an Ohio

non-~rofitcorporation has i t s custody land survey maps
u?
and related documents thw~.clearly are p a r t of the public cv
3
domain of the State of Lc~,*siana.These historical surveys q,
C 1 T3
are physically located in the State of Ohio. The State of CJ o
.? w
Louisiana seeks an order requiring t h a t the documents be r o
returned to its custody. F e urge this Court to grant the P A
<"i
State of Louisiana leave! co f i e the attached original2 J
complaint. 2 ti
w
0'
=
Louisiana has no fed.'- a1 forum save this Honorable! ,
Y
Court. We seek relief a s b %vereign s t a t e that has been2

denied possession of publih documents t h a t form a critic*
historic link in the title to state and private land within the
State of Louisiana. We ~ e e krelief against a citizen of
another state. No dversiry of citizenship exists in this in-
stance so as t o give the federal district courts concurrent
jurisdiction with this Colvt.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES-..
The issue at bar is one of grave public importance. I t

involves the possession by a private group of property of
a Sovereign State. Public policy requires that a question
concerning the possession of public documents of a
Sovereign State should never be litigated in the state
courts of the possessor. To so require would force a State
to submit itself and the title of i t s property to a foreign
jurisdiction. The Constitution of the United d a t e s granted
this Court original jurisdiction over such matters, so as to
insure the availability of a forun; designed to minimize the
danger of hostility toward another sovereign.
The plaintiff is mindful of this Court's sparing use of

its original jurisdiction. ~ o u i s i a aalso is mindful of the
burden the appellate jurisdiction of this Court places upon
it. We would not invoke this Court's original jurisdiction
were any other possible forum available. We are convinced.
however, that much would be sacrificed by requiring a
state t o choose between abandoning documents that it
clearly owns or submitting itself to the laws and courts of
another state. For this reason, we urge the Court to grant
Louisiana leave to file an original complaint here in the on-
ly jurisdiction t h a t can protect the interests of the State in
its property.
Inasmuch as this Court is structured to perform as

a n appellate tribunal and is ill equipped for the task of fact-
finding,the plaintiff asks that the Court designate a special
master to hear the evidence. I n this way, the Court will
have the benefit of a factfinding and will be relieved of the
enormous time and energy required by an original com-
plaint. The ends of justice still would be met because Loui-
siana would have an independent forum to enforce its
rights against the citizen of another state.
142
CONCLIISION
The principle poLicies knderlying the Article I11

jurisdictional grant t o the Supreme Court will best be serv-
ed by the grant of leave to fie an original complaint with
this Court. No State should + compelled to resort to the
tribunals of other States for rgdress since parochial factors
might often lead t o the a p p y a n c e , if not the reality, of
partiality to one's own. This 1s especiaJly true, here, where
public property principles are a t issue.
Appointment of 3 special mister for fact-finding will

aid the Court by reducing the time and energy required to
Litigate this matter. We urge this Court to g r a n t Louisiana
leave to f i e the attached complaint.
Respectfully submitted.
WILLIAM J. GUSTE. JR.

Attorney General
KENDALL VICK
CGef Counsel
LISA KEEGAN
Staff Attorney
BY:
EAVELYN T. BROOKS
Pssistant Attorney General
Louisiana Department of Justice
234 Loyola Ave.. 7th Floor
Sew Orleans, Louisiana 70112
Telephone: (504) 568-5575
143
- -
IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
OCTOBER TERM. 1983
State of Louisiana,
Plaintiff.
VS.
,
The Western Reserve Historical Society
Defendant
COMPLAINT
JURISDICTION
1. Jurisdiction of this action is conferred upon the

Supreme Court of the United States by the United States
Constitution, Article 111. Section 2, and 28 U.S.C. 3
1251(b)13).
STATEMENT O F THE CASE
2. A n actual justiciable controversy exists between

the plaintiff, the State of Louisiana, and the defendant. The
Western Reserve Historical Society. an Ohio non-profit
corporation. The plaintiff requires relief in the nature of an
order requiring the delivery t o Louisiana of historical
public documents belonging to the State of Louisiana
which are currently in the custody of the defendant.
3. This is a complaint for the return of public

documents to the State of Louisiana. the owner of the
documents.
-- -
4. The documents in question are historical land

survey materials that are an important link in the chain of
title of both public and private land claims in the State of
Louisiana.
THE PARTIES
5. The S t a t e of Louisiana is a sovereign state of the

United States.
6. The defendant, The Western Reserve Historical

Society, is ah Ohio non-profit corporation.
FACTS
7. In 1817, the S t a t e of Louisiana purchased From the

heirs of the late Spanish Surveyor General. Laveau
Tmdeau, land survey documents relating to land within
the boundary of the S t a t e of Louisiana and the surrounding
area
8. S t a t e land surveys and related documents also

were prepared by later Louisjana Surveyor Generals as a
part of their official duties E State officers.
9. Both groups of documents are historical public

documents belonging to the State of Louisiana.
10. They were housed in the office of the official

custodian of state land records, the Louisiana State Land
Office.
11. T h e documents disappeared from state custody

late in the nineteenth centLy.
RETURN OF THE ANCIEHT ONES.,
12. Some of the documents surfaced again in the

hands of a New York City Auction House. Swann Galleries.
Inc. in November. 1982.
13. The current possessor of the documents is The

Western Reserve Historical Society. an Ohio non-profit
corporation.
t
14. The State of Louisiana, through its Attorney

General, demanded the return of the documents to the
State of Louisiana.
15. The defendant has refused to deliver the items to

the State.
RELIEF REQUESTED
WHEREFORE, the plaintiff respectfully prays that

this Court:
A. Appoint a special master to hear evidence in tkus

matter;
B. Order that the defendant deliver into the custody

of the State of Louisiana, the land survey maps and related
materials belonging to the State of Louisiana and now in
the hands of the defendant; and. further,
C. Grant the plaintiff such other relief as this Court

deems just and proper.
Respectfully submitted.
WILLIAM 3. GUSTE. JR.

Attorney General
-- - -
KENDALL VlCK
Chief Counsel
LISA KEEGAN
Staff Attorney
BY:
EAVELYN T. BROOKS
Louisiana Department of Justice
2 3 Loyola Ave.. 7th Floor
New Orleans. Louisiana 70112
Te!ephone: 1504) 568-5575
CERTIFICATE O F SERVICE
I. Eavelyn T.Brooks, counsel of record for the plain-

tiff and a member of the Bar of the Court, d o hereby certify
that. in accordance with Rule 28.3, three (31 copies of the
Motion To File An Original Complaint. The Original Com-
plaint. and Memorandum In Support Of Motion TOFile An
Original Complaint were served on all parties required to
be served on this date by depositing same in the
United
States mail, fist-class postage prepzid, and addressed as
follows:
1. Western Reserve Historical Society

10825 E a s t Boulevard
Cleveland. Ohio 44106
2. Mr. Arthur P. S t e i m e t z
Walter, Haverfield. Buescher & Chockley
Attorneys A t Law
1215 Terminal Tower
Cleveland. Ohio 44113
This / day of November. 1983.
EAVELYN T. BROOKS
234 Loyola Ave., 7th Floor
New Orleans, Louisiana 701 1 2
Telephone: 15041 56E-5575
The Louisiana Attorney General's Lawyers won the civil action and
locked the results at 533 Canal Street for 30 years, hoping that I'd b e
dead. Old Ancient Ones do not die easily. I have seen them and they
are i n a safe place. They are BLACK!
- - -
~ T W U V E
"The Great Whore Rode The Beast!"
Religion, commerce and politics are tools used b y Satan to involve

people in world networking t o hell. There are man players in this ball
park of tradition. I did play the field to my eternal sorrow. If it had not
been for Jesus, who did cover my sins with his precious blood. I
recommend him to you that may find the open door to the great spirit.
Turn to him. Turn from the rider and the beast it is death to follow
them. Louisiana, an illegal sale.
In the first place, Napoleon did not own it, nor did Spain. Neither
did win it by conquest, war or grant. Spain is the country said to have
gotten it from France, who did not own it. Spain sold the country I
which it did not own back to France who did not own it. Both knowing
a wrong was being committed, they left the neutral zone to the Ancient
inhabitants.
Now Spain had a good reason to do so. The Spanish land was
ruled by the Ancient Ones, for 900 years, prior to Columbus's era. The
blacks liked the Spaniards. Those that did not know about the South
American Conquest got along well with the rogues of the sea. We must
remember the Malta was such a big stake here as the said holy sea.
The sea in opposition to Jesus from his very birth t o his very death -
in the flesh as were the backsliding Israelis who delivered Him up for
the beast with the whore on his back, riding it to kill him. A thousand
or a day. Remember, a day with the Lord i s 1000 years.
After the Consul of Nice said America was found, not by Spain, as
it was not lost. The followers of God have always know it was round.
They were here when the exploiters came and had been i n this
continent a very long time. They are the norther? people found here
and they did mingle with the women and brought an Indian said hi-tan
race upon the earth. It was fully populated when the white's came with
their religion riding on the back of the Spanish Government, buying
and selling human flesh. Stealing whole cargos at sea and as today ...
some blacks selling a brother to get fhe liquor that flourished on the
slave ships. They also brought the gold and silver and fine silks and
linen to the holy sea. Like Nimrod's Kingdom, i n opposition to God's
Kingdom.
When Louisiana was bounced around like a ball, the women of

religion would straddle the saddle of the beast crowned kingdom of the
universe of the devil. She, Queen of hearts to ten governments, made
their laws and rules, dictated i n all of their action. Yes, she that said
Catholic Church made the rules to run Louisiana near the end of the
second day-thousand year period after Christ. Claimed to be a church
built upon Peter's grave. Peter was not ever i n Rome i n all of his
lifetime. Jesus did not build a church o n Peter, because Peter was
alive when the beast killed the flesh of Jesus, with the Roman power
rules, with the woman on it's back (Roman-woman). This same Roman-
woman made the code, the BLACK CODES for Louisiana and it is still
dominant here i n the Ku Klux Klan. David Duke is not new, it i s the
same old cover, whether they're wearing black sheets or white, it's the
cover that keeps white people from fully accepting Jesus fully as
Christ, who came i n a black skin like Solomon.
The year, 1795 was the year of the coming of the Baton Rouge i n
the Province of the Ancient Ones.
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
The Red Sticks lie is just another white lie to cover the true act of The
Marquis Joseph De Maison Rouge (See letter dated April 2, 1795,
received, May 20, 1795 from the Baron de Carondelet to Filhoil). For
his valor he was called The Marquis of Baton Rouge. However,
Louisiana denies that its capital city is named for this great man
because his one son was a half-breed or a hybrid, and black. He Nas
shrewd enough to get Richard Relf, Beverly Chew and Daniel Coxe to
manipulate the law to legally leave his son, both the Bastrop and the
Maison Rouge Grants.
These kind of facts offended the then white trash, the make up of
Louisiana at that time. They were a few renounced dignitaries and a
bunch of crooks and jail birds, who were sent to Louisiana as an
alternative to prison. The Baron de ~ a s t r o pwas formerly of Holland
Prisoner for stealing the town's treasury, yet both Louisiana, Texas and
Mexico will forever revive his crooked honor. This state is known for
the famous "BLACK CODES" and also it's "GRANDFATHER CLAUSE,"
all originated during a period between the French and Spanish rule
under the church.
The reason being there were 10, 476 free Blacks during the New
Orleans era, 36,115 blacks were employed in agricutture, 3,797 were In
manufacturing, 6,162 were in commerce and 10,257 were in the m l l b 8
and only 6,006 slaves were snuck in, because there was NO SLAVE
CLAUSE in the first Louisiana Constitution. To handle the blacks, her
honor, the Catholic Church organized and empowered the "BLACK
CODES" as a favor to the government
The State of Louisiana are experts at losing and burning up

records. They are in attics, old coffins and you name it. Louisiana is
known for some of the most atrocious U.S.A coverups in history!
The good old U.S.A. granted all the exploiters 320 acres of land
except Mr. T., good old York, the black man who out lived them all by
the grace of God. York died in Richmond, Virginia in 1879, five yeam
after he became a whole man by an Amendment of the United Szit6a
Constitution. York never got one acre because he was black in the
United States.
RE77lRN OF THE ANClEM ONES...
A scout who history called ~ t h w e t h e r ' ssewant Have you ever

known a soldier to take his sewant to war? Other lies or cover ups is
the tact that, Lewis and Clark documented everything in sight The
weather, the plants, the rocks, the minerals they found, the people by
tribe, by h a b i i , by color, by war-like activities. R was documented. A
bushy-headed tribe who was not like the red man or the whie man.
The black bushy-headed Washiiws (also Washos). Now, please
explain why history did not make us aware of this important fact? It
was because they went to spy on the Washitaw, a people that the good
old United SMes had signed to be the protectorde over their rights,
their land and their property. These exploiters would not have been
able to get interpreters if this had not been the case of facts.
Sheshony, the Chabony baby was also on'that trip to be introduced to
her grandparents on this trip. Why did not history tell us a truth as it
is all in the official report? When did history have to invent for the
history books reports are not a part of the report made for Thomas
Jefferson by the exploiters of the Washiiws.
LOUISIANA KEF7 THE

EMPRESS VERDLACEE..
APPENDIX
BLACKCODES
D e c r e e s t h e e x p u l s i o n o f t h e J e w s from t h e colony.
Art .Z,
*.
M a k e i t i m p e r a t i v e on m a s t e r s t o i m p a r t r e l i g i o u s
i n s t r u c t i o n t o t h e i r slaves.
Art .3,
P e r m i t s t h e e x e r c i s e o f t h e Roman C a t h o l i c creed
o n l y , E v e r y o t h e r mode o f w o r s h i p i s p r o h i b i t e d .
N e g r o e s p l a c e d under t h e d i r e c t i o n o r s u p e r v i s i o n
Of any o t h e r p e r s o n t h a n a C a t h o l i c , a r e l i a b l e t o
confiscation.
S u n d a y s a n d h o l y d a y s a r e t o be s t r i c t l y o b s e r v e d .
A l l negroes f o u n d a t work on t h e s e days a r e t o be
confiscated.
-
W e f o r b i d our w h i t e s u b j e c t s , o f b o t h sexes,to
m a r r y w i t h t h e b l a c k s , u n d e r p e n a l t y of b e i n g f i n e d
a n d s u b j e c t e d t o some o t h e r a r b i t r a r y p u n i s h m e n t .
W e f o r b i d a l l c u r a t e s , p r i e s t s , o r m i s s i o n a r i e s of
o u r s e c u l a r o r r e g u l a r c l e r g y , a n d even o u r chap-
l a i n s i n o u r n a v y , t o s e c t i o n such marriages. W e
a l s o f o r b i d a l l o u r w h i t e s u b j e c t s , a n d even t h e
manumitted o r free-born b l a c k s , t o l i v e , i n a s t a t e
o t c o n c u b i n a g e w i t h s l a v e s . S h o u l d t h e r e be a n y
i s s u e f r o m t h i s k i n d of i n t e r c o u r s e , i t i s o u r w i l l
t h a t t h e person so offending,and t h e master o f t h e
s l a v e s h o u l d pay each a f i n e o f t h r e e hundred
l l v r e s . S h o u l d s a i d i s s u e be t h e r e s u l t of concub-
i n a g e o t t h e master h i s s l a v e , s a i d master s h a l l n o t
o n l y p a y t h e f l n e , b u t b e d e p r i v e d of t h e s l a v e and
o f t h e c h i l d r e n , w h o s h a l l be a d j u d g e d t o t h e h o s p i t -
a l o t t h e l o c a l i t y , a n d s a i d s l a v e s h a l l be f o r e v e r
i n c a p a b l e of b e i n g s e t f r e e . B u t s h a l l t h i s ill-
i c i t intercourse h a v e e x i s t e d b e t w e e n a f r e e b l a c k
and h i s slave,when s a i d s l a v e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
forms p r e s c r i b e d b y t h e c h u r c h , s a i d s l a v e s h a l l
t h e r e b y s e t f r e e a n d t h e c h i l d r e n s h a l l become f r e e
and 1 e g l t i m a t e ; a n d i n s u c h a c a s e t h e r e s h a l l b e no
application o f t h e p e n a l t i e s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e p r e s e n t
article.
Art .7,
T h e ceremonies and forms p r e s c r i b e d by t h e o r d i n a n c e

o f b l o i s a n d b y t h e e d i c t o f 1 6 9 1 , f o r m a r r i a g e , s h a l l be
o b s e r v e d b o t h w i t h r e g a r a t o f r e e p e r s o n s and s l a v e s .
B u t t h e c o n s e n t o f t h e t a t h e r and m o t h e r o f t h e s l a v e
i s n o t n e c e s s a r y ; t h a t of t h e m a s t e r s h a l l b e t h e o n l y
one r e q u i r e d .
W e f o r b i d a l l c u r a t e s t o process t o e f f e c t marriages
between s l a v e s w i t h o u t t h e p r o o f o f t h e consent of
t h e i r m a s t e r i a n d we a l s o t o r b i d a l l masters t o force
t h e i r slaves i n t o marriages against their wills.
EMPRESS VERDMCEL..
Art - 9 ,
C h i l d r e n , i s s u e d from t h e m a r r i a g e o f s l a v e s s h a l l
f o l l o w t h e c o n d i t i o n of t h e i r p a r e n t s , a n d s h a l l b e l o n g
t o t h e m a s t e r of t h e w i f e and n o t o f t h e b u s b a n d , i f t h e
husband and t h e w i f e have d i f f e r e n t m a s t e r s .
If t h e husband be a s l a v e , a n d t h e w i f e a f r e e women,
i t i s o u r w i l l t h a t t h e i r c h i l d r e n , o f w h a t e v e r sex t h e y
b e , s h a l l s h a r e t h e c o n d i t i o n o f t h e i r mother,and be a s
f r e e a s s h e , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e s e r v i t u d e of t h e i r
f a t h e r ; and i f t h e f a t h e r be f r e e and t h e m o t h e r a s l a v e
t h e n t h e c h i l d r e n s h a l l a l l be s l a v e s .
M a s t e r s s h a l l have t h e i r C h r i s t i a n s l a v e s b u r i e d i n
consecrated ground.
W e f o r b i d s l a v e s t o c a r r y o f f e n s i v e weapons o r heavy
s t i c k s u n d e r t h e p e n a l t y o f b e i n g whipped,and of h a v i n g
s a i d weapons c o n f i s c a t e d f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f t h e p e r s o n
s e i z i n g t h e same. A n e x c e p t i o n i s made i n f a v o r of
t h o s e s l a v e s who a r e s e n t h u n t i n g o r a s h o o t i n g by t h e i r
m a s t e r s , a n d who c a r r y w i t h them a w r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o n t o
t h a t e f f e c t , o r a r e b r i n g d e s i g n a t e d by some known mark
o r badge.
W e f o r b i d slaves belonging t o d i f f e r e n t masters t o

g a t h e r i n crowds e i t h e r b y day o r b y n i g h t , u n d e r t h e
p r e t e x t of a w e d d i n g , o r f o r a n y o t h e r c a u s e , e i t h e r a t
t h e d w e l l i n g o r on t h e g r o u n d s of one o f t h e i r m a s t e r s
, o r e l s e w h e r e . a n d much l e s s on t h e highways o r i n se-
c l u d e d p l a c e s , u n d e r t h e p e n a l t y of c o r p o r a l punishment,
w h i c h s h a l l n o t be l e s s t h a n t h e w h i p . I n c a s e of f r e -
q u e n t o f f e n s e s o f t h e k i n d , t h e o f f e n d e r s s h a l l be b r a n d -
ed w i t h t h e mark o f t h e f l o w e r de 1uce.and s h o u l d t h e r e
be a g g r a v a t i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e s , c a p i t a l punishment may be
a p p l i e d , a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n s o f t h e j u d g e s . We command
a l l of o u r s u b j e c t s , b e t h e y o f f i c i a l s o r n o t , t o s e i z e
a l l such o t f e n d e r s , t o a r r e s t and c o n d u c t them t o p r i s o n ,
a l t h o u g h t h e r e s h o u l d be no judgement a g a i n s t them.
M a s t e r s who s h a l l be c o n v i c t e d o f h a v i n g p e r m i t t e d o r
t o l e r a t e d such g a t h e r i n g s a s a f o r e s a i d , c o m p o s e d o f o t h e r
s l a v e s t h a n t h e i r own, s h a l l be s e n t e n c e d i n d i v i d u a l l y ,
t o i n d e m n i t y t h e i r n e i g h b o r s f o r t h e damages o c c a s ~ o n e d
by s a i d g a t h e r i n g s , a n d t o p a y , f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e , a f i n e
of t h i r t y l i v r e s , a n d d o u b l e t h a t sum on t h e r e p e t i t i o n s
o f t h e offense.
W e f o r b i d n e g r o e s t o s e l l any c o m m o d i t i e s , p r o v i s i o n s ,
o r p r o d u c e any k i n d , w i t h o u t t h e w r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o n o f
t h e i r m a s t e r s , o r w i t h o u t w e a r i n g t h e i r known marks o r
badges,and any p e r s o n s p u r c h a s i n g any t h i n g f r o m n e g r o -
e s i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h i s a r t i c l e , s h a l l be s e n t e n c e d t o
pay a f i n e o f 1500 l i v r e s .
P r o v i d e a t l e n g t h f o r t h e c l o t h i n g of s l a v e s and f o r
t h e i r subsistence.
Art. 20,
S l a v e s who s h a l l n o t be p r o p e r l y f e d , c l a d , a n d p r o v i d e d
f o r b y t h e i r masters,may g i v e i n f o r m a t i o n t h e r e o f t o t h e
a t t o r n e y - g e n e r a l of t h e S u p e r i o r C o u n c i 1 , o r t o a l l t h e
o f f i c e r s o t an i n f e r i o r j u r i s d i c t i o n , a n d may p u t t h e
w r i t t e n e x p o s i t i o n o f t h e i r wrongs i n t o t h e i r hands;upon
w h i c h i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d e v e n ex o f f i c i o , s h a l l t h e i n f o r -
m a t i o n come f r o m a n o t h e r q u a r t e r , t h e a t t o r n e y - g e n e r a l
s h a l l p r o s e c u t e s a i d m a s t e r s w i t h o u t c h a r g i n g any c o s t
EMPRESS VERDlACEE...
I t o t h e c o m p l a i n a n t e . It i s o u r w i l l t h a t t h i s r e g u l a t i o n
be o b s e r v e d i n a l l a c c u s a t i o n s f o r c r i m e s o r b a r b a r o u s
and inhuman t r e a t m e n t b r o u g h t b y s l a v e s a g a i n s t t h e i r
I
masters.
S l a v e s who a r e d i s a b l e d f r o m w o r k i n g , e i t h e r b y o l d
age, d i s e a s e o r o t h e r w i s e , b e t h e d i s e a s e s i n c u r a b l e
o r n o t , s h a l l be f e d and p r o v i d e d f o r by t h e i r masters;
and i n c a s e t h e y s h o u l d h a v e b e e n abandoned b y s a i d
m a s t e r s , s a i d s l a v e s h a l l be a d j u d g e d t o t h e n e a r e s t
h o s p i t a 1 , t o which s a i d master shall..be o b l i g e d t o pay
e i g h t c e n t s a day f o r t h e food ,and m a i n t e n a n c e o f
e a c h o n e of t h e s e s 1 a v e s : a n d f o r t h e payment o f t h i s
sum,said h o s p i t a l s h a l l have a l i e n on t h e p l a n t a t i o n
o f t h e masters.
A r t . 22
W e d e c l a r e t h a t s l a v e s have n o r i g h t t o a n y k i n d o f
p r o p e r t y b u t t h a t a l l t h a t t h e y a c q u i r e e i t h e r by
t h e i r own l n d u s t r y , o r b y t h e a b i l i t y o f o t h e r s , o r b y
any o t h e r means o r t i t l e w h a t e v e r s h a l l b e t h e f u l l
p r o p e r t y o f t h e i r m a s t e r s ; and t h e c h i l d r e n o f s a i d
slaves.their fathers,mothers,their kindred o r other
r e l a t i o n e r t h e r f r e e o r s l a v e s h a l l have no p r e t e n s i o n s
o r claims thereto,either through testanontary nor p o s i t -
i o n s o r d o n a t i o n s i n t e r v i v o s ; w h i c h d i s p o s i t i o n s a n d do-
n a t i o n s we d e c l a r e n u l l a n d v o i d , a n d a l s o w h a t e v e r p r o -
m i s e t h e y may h a v e i n t e r r e d i n t o b y p e r s o n s i n c a p a b l e o f
d i s p o s i n g o f a n y t h i n g and o r p a r t i c i p a t i n g t o any con-
tract.
M a s t e r s s h a l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r w h a t t h e i r s l a v e s
h a v e done b y t h e i r command,and a l s o f o r w h a t t r a n s a c -
t i o n s t h e y h a v e p e r m i t t e d t h e i r s l a v e s t o do i n t h e i r
s h o p s , i n t h e p a r t i c u l a r l i n e of commerce w i t h whom
t h e y were i n t r u s t e d ; a n d i n case s a i d s l a v e s h o u l d have
-- - -
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..-
be t r i e d , a t f i r s t , b y t h e j u d g e s o f o r d i n a r y j u r i s d i c -
t i o n , i f t h e r e be any,and on appea1,by t h e S u p e r i o r
G o u n c i 1 , w i t h t h e same r u l e s , f o r m a l i t i e s , a n d proceed-
i n g s o b s e r v e d f o r f r e e p e r s o n s , s a v e t h e e x c e p t i o n s men-
tioned hereafter.
Art . 3 3 ,
S l a v e s who s h a l l h a v e made t h e m s e l v e s l i a b l e t o t h e
p e n a l t y of t h e w h i p , t h e f l o w e r de l u c e brand,and e a r
c u t t i n g , s h a l l be t r i e d i n t h e l a s t r e s o r t , b y t h e o r d i n -
a r y j u d g e s of t h e i n f e r i o r c o u r t , and s h a l l u n d e r g o t h e
s e n t e n c e passed upon them w i t h o u t t h e r e b e i n g an a p p e a l
t o t h e S u p e r i o r C o u n c i 1 , i n c o n f i r m a t i o n o r r e v e r s a l of
j u d g e m e n t , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e a r t i c l e 2 6 t h of t h e p r e s e n t
code,which s h a l l be a p p l i c a b l e o n l y t o t h o s e judgements
i n w h i c h t h e s l a v e c o n v i c t e d i s s e n t e n c e d t o be hamstrung
o r t o s u f f e r death.
F r e e d o r b o r n - f r e e n e g r o e $ , * h o s h a l l have a f f o r d e d r e -
f u g e i n t h e i r houses t o f ~ ~ g i t i vs e l a v e a , s h a I l be s e n t e n c -
ed t o pay t o t h e m a s t e r s o f s a i d s L a v e s , t h e sum o f t h i r t y
l i v r e s a day f o r e v e r y day d u r i n g w h i c h t h e y s h a l l have
concealed s a i d f u g i t i v e s ; a n d a11 o t h e r f r e e persons,gull-
t y o f t h e same o f f e n s e , s h a l l p a y a f i n e o f t e n l i v r e s a
day as a f o r e s a i d i a n d s h o u l d t h e f r e e d o r f r e e - b o r n negroes
n o t be a b l e t o pay t h e f i n e h e r e i n s p e c i f i e d , t h e y s h a l l
be r e d u c e d t o t h e c o n d i t i o n o f s l a v e , a n d be s o l d a s such
S h o u l d t h e p r i c e o f t h e s a l e exceed t h e sum m e n t i o n e d i n
t h e j u d g e m e n t , t h e s u r p l u s s h a l l be d e l i v e r e d t o t h e h o s p i t -
al.
Art .35,
W e p e r m i t o u r s u b j e c t s i n t h i s c o l o n y , w h o may have s l a -
ves c o n c e a l e d i n any p l a c e w h a t e v e r , t o have them sought
a f t e r b y such p e r s o n s and i n s u c h a way as t h e y deem p r o p -
e r , t~o ~ p r o c e e d t h e m s e l v e s t o s u c h r e s e a r c h e s as t h e y may
t h i n k best.
Art .36,
T h e s l a v e who i s s e n t e n c e d t o s u f f e r d e a t h o n t h e de-
n u n c i a t i o n o f h i s master,shall,when t h a t master i s n o t
an a c c o m p l i c e t o t h e c r i m e , b e a p p r a i s e d b e f o r e h i s ex-
e c u t i o n by two o f t h e p r i n c i p a l i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e l o -
c a l i t y , w h o s h a l l be e s p e c i a l l y a p p o i n t e d b y t h e j u d g e ,
and t h e amount o f s a i d a p p r a i s e m e n t s h a l l be p a i d t o
t h e m a s t e r . To r a i s e t h i s sum,a p r o p o r t i o n a l t a x s h a l l
be l a i d on e v e r y s l a v e , a n d s h a l l b e c o l l e c t e d b y t h e
persons i n v e s t e d w i t h t h a t a u t h o r i t y .
Art -37
W e forbid a l l the officers of the Superior Council,

and a l l o u r o t h e r o f f i c e r s of t h b j u s t i c e i n t h e c o l o n y
t o t a k e anv f e e a o r r e c e i v e any p e r q u i s i t e s i n c r i m i n a l
s u i t s against slaves,under t h e p e n a l t y , i n so doing o f ,
b e i n g d e a l t w i t h as g u i l t y o f e x t o r t i o n .
Art .38,
W e a l s o t o r b i d a l l o u r s u b j e c t i n t h i s colony,what
e v e r t h e i r c o n d i t i o n o r r a n k may b e , t o a p p l y , o n t h e i r
own p r i v a t e a u t h o r i t y , t h e r a c k t o t h e i r s a l v e s , u n d e r
any p r e t e n s e w h a t e v e r , a n d t o m u t i l a t e s a i d s l a v e s i n
any one t h e i r l i m b s , o r i n a n y p a r t o f t h e i r b o d i e s , u n -
d e r t h e p e n a l t y o f c o n f i s c a t i o n o f s a i d s 1 a v e ; a n d ma-
s t e r s , ~o t~f e n d i n g , s h a l l be l i a b l e t o a c r i m i n a l p r o -
scution. W e o n l y permit,masters,when they s h a l l t h i n k
t h a t t h e case r e q u i r e s i t , t o p u t t h e i r s l a v e s i n i r o n s
and t o have t h e m w h i p p e d w i t h r o d s o r r o p e s .
A r t .39,
W e command o u r o f f i c e r s o f j u s t i c e i n t h i s c o l o n y t o
i n s t i t u t e c r i m i n a l p r o c e s s a g a i n s t masters and o v e r s e e r s
who s h a l l h a v e k i l l e d o r m u t i l a t e d t h e i r s l a v e s , w h e n i n
t h e i r power a n d u n d e r t h e i r s u p e r v i s i o n , a n d t o p u n i s h
s a i d murder a c c o r d i n g t o t h e a t r o c i t y o f t h e c i r c u m s t a n -
c e s ; a n d i n c a s e t h e o f f e n s e s h a l l b e a p a r d o n a b l e one,we
p e r m i t them t o p a r d o n s a i d m a s t e r a n d o v e r s e e r w i t h o u t i t
being necessary t o o b t a i n from u s l e t t e r s p a t e n t o f
pardon.
-
EMPRESS VERDMCEE...
Art . 4 0 ,
S l a v e s s h a l l be h e l d i n l a w a s movables,and as such,
t h e y s h a l l be p a r t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y o f a c q u e s t s b e t w e e n
husband and w i f e ; t h e y s h a l l be s e i z e d u n d e r any m o r t -
gage w h a t e v e r ; a n d t h e y s h a l l b e e q u a l l y d i v i d e d among
t h e C O - h e i r s w i t h o u t a d m i t t i n g f r o m a n y one o f s a i d
h e i r s any c l a i m founded o n p r e c i p u t o r r i g h t o f primogen-
i t u r e , o r dowry.
Art .41 ,42
A r e e n t i r e l y r e l a t i v e t o j u d i c i a l forms and proceed-

ings.
A r t . 43,
H u s b a n d s and w i v e s s h a l l n o t be s e i z e d and s o l d sep-

a r a t e l y when b e l o n g i n g t o t h e same m a s t e r , a n d t h e i r c h i l -
dren,whorn u n d e r f o u r t e e n y e a r s o f a g e , s h a l l n o t be s e p -
a r a t e d from t h e i r p a r e n t s and s u c h s e i z u r e s and s a l e s
s h a l l b e n u l l a n d v o i d . The p r e s e n t a r t i c l e s h a l l a p p l y
t o v o l u n t a r y sales,and i n such case s a l e s should t a k e
p l a c e i n violation o f t h e l a w , t h e s e l l e r s h a l l b e d e p r i v -
ed o f t h e s l a v e h e h a s i l l e g a l l y r e t a i n e d a n d s a i d s l a v e
s h a l l be a d j u d g e d t o t h e p u r c h a s e d w i t h o u t a n y a d d i t i o n a l
A r t . 44,
S l a v e s f o u r t e e n y e a r s o l d , a n d f r o m t h i s a g e up t o s i x -
ty,who a r e s e t t l e d o n l a n d s and p l a n t a t i o n s , a n d a r e a t
p r e s e n t w o r k i n g on t h s m , s h a l l n o t be l i a b l e t o s e i z u r e
f o r d e b t , e x c e p t f o r w h a t may b e due o u t o f t h e p u r c h a s e
money a g r e e d t o b e p a i d f o r t h e m u n l e s s s a i d g r o u n d s O r
p l a n t a t i o n s s h o u l d a l s o be d i s t r e s s e d , a n d s e i z e d and j u d -
i c i a l s a l e of a r e a l e s t a t e , w i t h o u t i n c l u d i n g t h e s l a v e s
o f t h e a f o r e s a i d a g e who a r e p a r t o f s a i d e s t a t e , s h a l l b e
deemed n u l l a n d v o i d .
A r e relative t o certain formalities t o be observed i n

j u d i c i a l proceedings.
Art. 50.
M a s t e r s , w h e n t w e n t y - f i v e y e a r s o l d , s h a l l h a v e t h e pow-
e r t o manumitt t h e i r s l a v e s , e i t h e r by testamentary d i s -
p o s i t i o n s , o r b y a c t s i n t e r v i v o s , b u t a s t h e r e may be
m e r c e n a r y m a s t e r s d i s p o s e d t o s e t a p r i c e on t h e l i b e r -
a t i o n o f t h e i r s1aves;and t h e r e a s s l a v e s w i t h a view t o
a c q u i r e t h e n e c e s s a r y means t o p u r c h a s e t h e i r f r e e d o m ,
may b e t e m p t e d t o c o m m i t t h e f t on d e e d s of p l u n d e r , n o
m i t t e d t o s e t f r e e h i s slaves,wi,thout the o b t a i n i n g
f r o m t h e S u p e r i o r C o u n c i l a decree o f permission t o t h a t
e f f e c t ; w h i c h p e r m i s s i o n s h a l l be g r a n t e d w i t h o u t c o s t s
when t h e m o t i v e f o r t h e s e t t i n g f r e e o f s a i d s l a v e s a s
s p e c i l i e d i n t h e p e t i t i o n of t h e m a s t e r , s h a l l , a p p e a r lig-
i t i m a t e t o t h e t r i b u n a l . A l l f u t u r e a c t s f o r t h e emanci-
p a t i o n o f t h e s l a v e s f r e e d s h a l l n o t be e n t i t l e d t o t h e i r
f r e e d o m ; t h e y s h a l l be t a k e n away f r o m t h e i r f o r m e r mas-
t e r s , a n d c o n f i s c a t e d f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f t h e I n d i a com-
pany -
A r t . 51
However,should s l a v e s be a p p o i n t e d by t h e i r masters
t u t o r s t o t h e i r c h i l d r e n , s a i d s l a v e s s h a l l be h e l d and
r e g a r d e d a s b e i n g s e t f r e e t o a l l i n t e n t and p u r p o s e s .
Art. 52.
We d e c l a r e t h a t t h e a c t s f o r t h e e n f r a n c h i s e m e n t of
s l a v e s , passed a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o r m s above d e s c r ~ b e d ,
s h a l l be e q u i v a l e n t t o a n a c t of n a t u r a l i z a t i o n , w i , e n
said slaves are not born i n o u r c o l o n y of L o u i s i a n a ,
and t h e y s h a l l e n j o y a l l ' : ~ er i g h t s and p r i v i l e g e s i n -
h e r e n t t o o u r s u b j e c t s o o r n i n o u r klngaom,or i n any
l a n d o r c o l o n y u n d e r o u r d o m i n i o n . We d e c l a r e , h o w e v e r ,
t h a t a l l manumitted slaves,and a l l f r e e - b o r n negroes
a r e i n c a p a b l e of r e c e i v i n g d o n a t i o n s , e i t h e r b y testamen-
t a r y d i s p o s i t i o n s o r b y a c t s i n t e r v i v o s from t h e w h i t e s
S a i d d o n a t i o n s s h a l l be n u l l and v o i d , a n d t h e o b j e c t s s o
d o n a t i o n s s h a l l be a p p l i e d t o t h e b e n e f i t s o f t h e n e a r e s t
hospital.
A r t . 53.
W e commend a l l m a n u m i t t e d s l a v e s t o show t h e p r o f o u n d -
e s t r e s p e c t t o t h e i r f o r m e r m a s t e r s , t o t h e i r w i d o w s and
c h l l a r e n , a n d a n y i n j u r y o r i n s u l t o f f e r e d by s a i d manu-
m i t t e d s l a v e s t o t h e i r f o r m e r m a s t e r s , t h e i r widows o r
c h i . l d r e n . s h a l 1 be p u n i s h e d w i t h m o r e s e v e r i t y t h a n if
i t h a d b e e n o f f e r e d t o a n y o t h e r p e r s o n . We,however de-
c l a r e t h e m exempt f r o m t h e d i s c h a r g e o f a l l d u t l e s o r
s e r v i c e s , a n d f r o m payment o f a l l t a x e s o r f e e s , o r any
t h i n g e l s e i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e i r persons,or t o t h e i r per-
sonal o r r e a l estate,either during the l i f e o r a f t e r
the death o f said slave.
W e g r a n t m a n u m i t t e d s l a v e s t h e same r i g h t s , p r l v i l e g e s ,
and i m m u n i t i e s w h i c h a r e e n j o y e d b y f r e e b o r n p e r s o n s . I t
i s our pleasure t h a t t h e i r m e r i t i n having acquired t h e i r
f r e e d o m , s h a l l produce i n t h e i r f a v o r n o t o n l y w i t h r e g a r d s
t o t h e i r p e r s o n s , b u t a l s o t o t h e i r p r o p e r t y , t h e same e f f -
e c t s w h i c h o u r o t h e r s u b j e c t s d e r i v e f r o m t h e happy c i r c u m -
s t a n c e o f t h e i r h a v i n g been b o r n f r e e .
I n t h e name o f the king
B i . e n v i l l e , Oe l a G r a i s e
THE EMPRESS S g R V E Y I N G HER L A N D I N TENY'S5EZ A N D KENTUCKY
"Undressing Mr. His-Story, Publicly!"
Mr. His-Story, number one public enemy of the race or nation of

people in the United States of America is hereby stripped in public. His
clothing is washed i n fuller soap a n d hung out to dry. His nakedness
is showing in Louisiana because be built steps up t o the very top of the
sacred MOUND, in defiance of God's law.
The capitol city is named for the Marquis of Baton Rouge and not
the red stick lie. Read the letter herein. The very fact in a document
-
of the Treaty pages 261 264. There i s no Ouachita Parish and it never
has been. See page 4, paragraph 4 i n the Gervious Lombard
Document for the Department of Transportation of the State of
Louisiana 1940. Ask them for their charter or proclamation. It is not
in existence and never has been.
Did Mr. Columbus discover America? No he didn't (see page 13).

Let Mr. Columbus talk for himself. Are white people great explorers?
No they are great exploiters. Follow him through his own story and see
history for what it is. A lie!
Was Nat Turner a vicious criminal or was he a man of God? Only

God and Nat have the answer to his religion.
He was defending the Turner Claim and refusing to be a stolen slave,

taken away from the Neutral Zone.
Murder i n any form i s a sin. The killing of the white people and the
killing of Nat Turner and the black people, the wages of sin is death.
Was John Brown a vicious killer? Only when you kill white people are
you called a vicious killer. I n some eyes, he was a hero. It's all lies
depending on what side of the fence you are on. A sin is a sin on the
other side. Does the United States know that the Neutral Zone was not
purchased i n the said sale when Louisiana was purchased? Yes, the
United States knows exactly what was purchased and what was not.
Can we have proof? Yes we can.
Go back to 1770. His Lordship,' Mr. Louis Uganza foresaw and

aftersaw that wide spread frauds were taking place, especially
concerning blacks and land, therefor he scored a checkmate; a Land
Grant law and laws relative to enslaving free biacks and originees,
called the ab-originals. We here have the proof i n the 31st Article of
sale or purchase agreement concerning the ownership by Indians. We
all were called Indians whether red, brown, tan, hi-tan or black
bushyheads, all were called lndians.
On the Lewis and Clark Report, you will see an outline for each
tribe or nation encountered, by the spies that came to spy on the
Washita Sages called the Osage. The Man-tans or Hi-tans. They are
all from the DOUSTONIAN-WASHITAS. Was the separation necessary?
Yes they divided us to conquer us, while they were suppose to have
been the protectors of our land, rights, religion and property. The
sketches are also a good evidence made i n that spy expedition. The
Neutral Zone was not sold, therefore there was n o need to explore it,
except to spy.
This was a division of the United States Army and history does not
tell you this. If that had been written in history, it was the army
Regiment i n charge of Captain Merriwheather Lewis, stationed at
Charlottesville, Virginia, the Commanding Officer.
EMPRESS VEADIACEE.-.
The first Lieutenant-Captain, William Clark, brother of General George

Roger Clarke, First Lieutenant, U.S.A., John Ordway, 27 lesser soldiers.
Two nation interpreters, Charbony, his wife and their children, along
with black York, the scout, passed off by the United States as the
servant to Merriweather. No soldier carries a slave to the army with
him. This was not the history I learned in school. If that had been the
case, I would have asked a few more questions.
EMPRESS YERDIACEE. ..
"WqDONLUISDB UNZAOA, Colonel in the of hi^ MA-

j u t y , and his Intendant and Governor.General in and or the pmrinoe
of LorttiaM :
t
" W e it known thaf having, from cxperimee. becomeqa&tad
With $x..&ent frauds and rnalpraiticen which are ap/-,G Tt;,: $p-
rnitted in AU den, exchangu, pcrmu~tions.hartera, and &+.in
l!a alientiom eon&ig +
negrocl, immor~blea. Ipd
which'ua made chudestinely and in violation of the public:%%,
A &$e deed in writing under private sed, r b e r e h y the indbtttp~.
of thL province ua greatly d i i k c d . thek righta put in jwpdj!;
aod the admiitration of j n s t i ~reduced to a state of wnfnaion; .'ed:
6% firat, to remedy aoch peruidooa abores, m d narf to'.*<
blish gocdorder in thia commonwealth a d to govern it7&;am'dl the!
other possessions of hia Uajuty :
" W e order and decree, that no person, wbateverb(h'kl%r;d&'
rank or condition, ahdl henceforth seil, alienate, boy,:{,$*:$. . -. _ < .
C-
dontion or olhor,wk.any n e p u . plnnhtions. b o n s c a ~ & ~

of ~a-mft,except it be b y a deed executcd before a N p y 5 2 d . j
to which wntmcts u i d acts of d e and alienation +:bern*-;''~il
cwrtX& of the Begirtrar of Xnrtgages; that dl a,deiei-'
u d a r any other form shall be null m d void, and aa if ~ . 1 - .
bean made; that the d c r a m d b o ~ e r na h d haveho?@yc--'~:
thinga thus sold, bought or exchanged; that they cannot &.-
just and legitimata poaeession thereof; and that in d - i f A . * * -
+&-therein c o n m e d shall be prosecuted with dl t h ' a : ~ % . Y
t h e ' l a r ; that theNotnry who ahdl makc n bad oae of i h a m 6 e .
r e p o d in him by tho public aod of tile faith pot in the%d&tj rF
hia -hives, and r h o shall h a r e tltc nudacity to aotedala or p&e
t h e - d d executed before him, shall, for this delinqu&cy, bs 'de-
clared unworthy of tlre office lfic llolds. and shall he rindemnod to
mdergo all the peodlics pro\.ideJ Tor slacl~a care ; and a$d Notary,
should be forget to nnncx to 11ir :lets ~lnceeniiicatz of tho Begistrar
ofMqrtgagee rs aforcs;d, rbdl he proceeded ngninst according to the
c i r c n k h c c a of the wsc; and 1In:bt ao onc d ~ ~ plesd
1 1 i g n o w c s of
this proelamstion r o order aod decree, tllnt it be pmmulgated with
the bul of the drum; and thnt copicr tl~ercofcertified by theSecrb
tary af the Government m d bx tltc Sccrctary of the Cabildo be
poacd ,,,,
at tba aannl places in tbh tam, ana sent to all tho p W
dependent on this Governmw'
u Given cl the Q o v - w o n - Ln? E D 3rd ufs A
1-
1770.
r
RE7URN OF THE ANClEN7' ONES..
they hare recsived.

3. Those who obtain cnncassiotu on tb.b.nlr bf the rir4-\;
fa make, in the first year of their p o s a ~ ulaveoa
, rn~dao(G'&
vant the iuondation of the waten, md candl d d c n t lo d n ! ~
tbe wrtnr rhon the river u high ; !boy ahrll bs hdd, in e ro
in ,U
make. sad keep in good order. a public highwag, vhash
at laut thirty feet wide. wd have h r i d p of bReen fsatm o y . ..
-Is or ditched which ths road c r o w ; which r e g t h i W &
EMPRESS VERDMCEE...
be o h s a n d . according to the usages of the respective districts.

by all persans to whom 1-ndr are granted, in whatever part they are
obhined.
."'C Tho a6w-sqttlen who h a r e obkined Lnds shall he. e q d y
obliged W ' d s u uld put in coltintion, in the prscke time *of W
yeam d b b ' f r o n t of their concaraiolu, for th6.dbpth d i t - l a s s two
upent* M e ? the penalty of having the l b n b g r a n b d rsmibd.'to
the d o m a If W ' t o n d i t i o n ia not complied~rik' T h e abmbn-
diqt.'rldffB j h d i o ' W . r a t c h that what ia enJolned.in this and the
p w 'Littidq"bs:ltricrlp observed ; and d o d y iatdm i h e
& 6 b t of wbat the, h a i e remarked. aell nndsrs*nw:*'ih
dde of d e l i h i ? rill be r e a p ~ i i b l eto hia Majesty.'
"15. :u!i &I ar. bd6nging.fo minors re- iri&o~%r.
. .:
it: tb . &tior& reqate ; and LC-< :ko
baht t h 6 . .&i. ~ & bha thli bridges ire not made, th~:.:w
@dri&t%>8jddic of tho diatrld*iu &rlifg*hm ,whom thb-fWt
haa kiaenj P i t h Id.thb go* h6.d him t o . p o t i t in
J
ad&$&& i f . h .fa, b & ' & d p$fe..'&.&&t of it-; b n f . 3 the
f a d t hi& hii a n t of indui oPtb6 iniibi. (o d&y tbd &W
the Clalommandmt br B p d l c iWd.ddrLasa r i a e m i n t 0 f i t ; t d . e
htdadanip';td m e arid. t h i t d e or it niay be o r d d fo= +:bandt
of the minor, &&r h o m ~ d o n ethir pridega is dlowed; 'if,i p . W ! e
.
df $f ddhcha, 'anr'pbichum pm&l h i d 3 if mob :*.&&b,
grbtl.td:ii6y W s a l i n g if dr wld fo= thi :&@!.%&&a
t;..l.;s'.
'
6. During ths Mid t o m of thw yeam;:no p ~ n ! ~ ~ ; b d n &
.dhpo?&thd I d which h r r been granted to him, n o f a l d b& ;'
&'the' G , ' V h 0 . h W e d to mmply with the mndihoh,.+:
G s a ' & ~ t b eprecdhg srticle ; and to amid abasse andni+pm+m
u* - .~
na. d 6 that dl d m made without the mu&?$
the Wi.r,in -&'iiting;&dl be n d and of no d & t ; : % h S 4 Q d ~
k t al+Xa,% p b d kt3 thay h a r e examimed.rith bk&Ih
i r t f e d W K . ' i h e k d i t i o n a have or bare not bean fnEUed"'
:'Zi7i:T0'iri)id;for the fotpra. the litigations and c o ~ o t i d f . ~
we &rd;&pls. day, we have also jndged it ~ e r&efn
th8 BiL.risa. oferary e&
this d t y , and the Oornmandmts of pasta; &dl
dbiUd m j acknowledgment of conveyances of-land obtained b y
wn&dn; d e s a the seller presentsand delirers to thb
b n p r the title which he h m obtained, and in addition, Lmhg urefol
to insert in tha deed the metes m d bonnds, and other dsscriptions.
rhichrsahlt from the title, and the prodr-ocrad of the a w e 7 which
dnght td accompany i t
-
8. In w e h t 'the 4. &pa. of the poipta. upon w%&&
land on the ri~ub g s n w & t d . :p&bnt the gran+.if
.?99
arpenta, aceording to nsagp;.&trij;,W he. given a pmbv
in £rout to urmpennts iti:.$i$&.other p m o n Mbl @e
or to pnr&aae it, it &viaed q n a l l y betreem&:: ' ,.
nearest to it, who mry &i&.:the badra, foals, aod b$&id..:h
''
& .
.i.-.&.
t. .
manner before prssuii&
"9. Altha~gh.&aXing the poMeamon of me
&&:@.+F
~0~~
&a a
diatributut o<$mnc&d, in hi nam4 those to :whom
grmtedor loldip,qbt ,to be apprised that his ~ q j q .,, , '. , ..
right of-.&n&;fmm the foreat. known here -c&
the
cyp- G&,.$ ths wood which may be neceae+ f2r h;s & ,.
&&
rno@i&peci$ly rhich be may want for the navy, in ibe a mar,:
n&+d &th the aame liberty that thednaartdrera bave enjold to,
. .,...b. .e a but this, notwithstanding, they y e not, io ~ ~ l ~ ~ o s e & & t
thii
9j.e +,tharired to t a b more t l y is naccaaary, nor Lo m&s a;b ..,:..jS
~,splii.Lpw oh~ich are'mt.d o y z , y dfound nnsnitablr.
-,?!1o.;h
: the .of , O p q l o a q a d ~ ~the ~ g, r~upa q~u & k
.cuud&,,$+
&:of.. ,,-.ha. ,;&i ip ba be one 1 q ( 1& ~ n t .! ~. ~ . Qb. Ly - G
;i=$gh::?T-%:
yi6$~.9,.b
.~bf&i.@~&p~,~z
a?@ 7 ot be.oP:*~a~
p o b a k - a i f v tpd rrrk k-b,
:y@&J.t&6Job+.~~%~,l~b %%&
.@*+@Y(h.
.
-
r4@j.;ia:@p;,+aah~
/.: .
2qp+~aror,,b,~tnct.
+P&, t p a p o k o~ . ~~a i v C € ! ; 4
.;y:~r~~opp.~+~.ta~~~~~~1~1~%i
.. .
+ ~ ~ t h e : g o ~ . = , ~ires~p7:~
ing,;%.gqntiq. bfo~,mention~j.: .
qUi),d#
3-. .. it is pos&,lq, . . ,&g:ihi
..<. &.. 5,-. .;. iatdiiiiMI&&
brd
tyiL&.'&U 'bd: I& be&-+-: b--&AIWjrpi
,,wqw *t & ~ . ~ + ~ t a . t p ~ . ~ : +kf-u +
. .- .. .. ;..e y b o+sr .matn$.. m p p r f M !$&.':*
&m+:~end
&&&&aP;o~,j& ind the obae-ce.&drlq:qf.p&
p&.bld & dl plk+a, but more esped$ly b n e i *&&$&='
*. 12. If, notwihtanding what is before nithn, rnuahydinLpLpd@J
ohor urrsea. rhrll make it necessary to l u v e aome vi&hha4:&
CommGdant. bud Byedim wiU b k e
&strict alone may b k e wood enopgb
atandimgtbey shdl not take mors; or,
poat, ~ b dattempt
l to ptpoo& or cut
b e d the permhion of this intendancy, teaidea Chs
he abdl be held to pay ,the trrsllnry for t h a ~
ahdl be condemned, for the b t timi'tq the
twenty-&a d o h ; twice that sum for thb
EMPRESS VERDMCEE...
the third offmw, shall be put in prison. acmrding & ths otTenw MI
be more or lus qgrarated ; the said 6nea a h d be divided bahreah
..
the W r y , the Judge, and the Intormsr. ~
'"13. Tbe new settler, to whom land hm bean p t e d in On6~

settlemanf'faonot obtnin .nothar'~&nceimionrithof ,:h&g .*.
.riod~ p&.% that he the -fint . b e ~Pbus,'
and ~ d 'ihed wnditioru p-ribed. ..::
lC..The chmgeio~mwionedby the ~ - d arthdi;rar.;h O A ~ .
the:& of one.p$;of a concession bscorningndsl&.&tkrt4
hvb aumples. of ,jnkplietors to abandon '&a&& :ep
tba i p u t :oE the most erpenahe, for keep* hp $.$*
th6 h& the ditch&, &e. aod rilling to resarse a n l y f h & , * & i ~
p d j ee.itg&asild nome d y is provided fir,jbii%l&
the &usteat &.&id & . d t Lo the wighhorm, Gail* :- .
the %rg rill hot &it of m abandonment er r e - + i o q - & : ~
domain of any pari of the Lnd the o r n e r riah&(e get.ri$$
the ihandomsnt 'wmprehenh the whole ilnitr'.;ihdudsd'izl*
wnesadonoi act in virtnekf rhi&: $0 mas the hed.:&&en -0:
ahmaan.-
. . , . .
" IS. bn concessioda sh6U be w e n in (he name b t h g3w. bf
the Genad-Inten& of thin proriDc8, r h o ahall ordm ma Bwoyor
&nerd, or one p&icokrly named by bim,to make m e , m e v : ~ ~
mark thd land, byz6xing bounds, not only in f m n ~ > i &no
t
rear; thia (soney) ought to be done in the pmaenee b f t h b b .
dank m Syndic of the district and of two of the naigbbirs~mb'tpedb:
four ahall s i p the k t r r ~ b a which
l rhdl be dn& %'by ,+a
Swapor.. . .
"16. T h e said pmc+wr6& rith a c e d e d ecpy the same,c€
shdl ba sent by tho Sarveyor lothe Intendant, to thecod that, o n
the oligioal there be delivered. by the conwnt of the King's Ahar-
ney, tha n k a a r y title paper; to thin rill.be annexed the certsed
capy forwarded by the 6omey&. T h e original shall be deposited
in thbaffiwof the Seeretnry of the Treasury, a d m e shall b i Lakco
to make w o a l l y a book of dl which have been sent, r i t l ~ao alphb
betied lisf to be the more uselul when it is necessary to hare re-
to& to it, and for greater security, to the ond that, at all ti&
'&&+inst all aoeidenta.'the doeumenta which shdl be waoted, cao
b e f o u h ~ . T h eGnrveyor ahall also have another b o a , numbered.
in which $ e p r o c l a a b d of the 6UITCy he mnkes ahdl be reoorded,
aod. u w d l on the origind, which ought lo be deposited on record.
M on the wpy intended to be annexed to the title, ho shall note the
I R E N R N OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
surrey.
acn'inthe mutido& ($:ch.mbar

ban-and.
KWWL~.&dl d ~ ~ i ~ $ e&e
~. .r ~:
mawreit
&
& like
&
rrd&..
'f L 1
%
*+p
w,+,mpmvea
m ' ~ b , th&
18;.
. f i o ~ &rdaryhich,fl.nwssarily
. . . ...
+*;G
P >
, wfd;.?..:
t ..Ji,,.&~&~&li%.W
2AU. th$qb:,yho
bj.theix E d i q $ ~ ~ &
owed
r h e a it'&9:qddm.hi,&ye.of
d.tham
,
folio .,f,the bmk~..+k&$+,haanrsgiaered the fifigorati+epM$
17. In thdoffim of&6:.h&+ r h a u ahall ilm 00.. book.mm

berod. whsre the title. &~ronceaaions shall b e recordedih
beaide t h e o m , -.
beak in whi&.,thej ;&$-bed.
mention ~ h d be
: i book; -do at
-
l m d e of the;<olL
that a great numbar'bf those whdbaie

&t&forjand.&& themaelva the legal o a n e n ' o f it ; Gasp %%
. & & e a first bcrea, by which the Surveyor is odersb'fd.
to put them in posscaaion ; othern.
made, bare n*lected to ask the title for the property:'&.,
t w ~ p + daitb. .Il,,$a.ip&~
I. ;. i- ~the..tb&vhen
,
+
There must ah'+.+ s o p
b, ~,of the book whare i t b ncnideh :'

) thseyjind
of a c w ~ n t a of
t h d ~ n & . t h s p e n a l t y of being v o i & ' T h e ehahb;r&~f
tima of.:*+
~nfin-g. for a longer time, d . a u g m m t , : & . t h q ~

result, we dedara
'onsotf h w . ~ h o : ~ ~ & the said decreea, h o t m t W i d i n y y
&& ,d&&thb mwj e , k t e n placa, and that they hsve*
qnpors of.Jmd .vfl
wr&
lands in y h i e b f ~ o i p d~ 3 -
it.bdo.ng&l
baing intympted, shdl, on the wntrary, be pmte&d
is th&.ps*onr.
>."a.
.:
~ ~ ' ~ h o . : a j i b the
'.
p ~title
+
'
the
.p
e+&
G ye m o n of thb ~ m v i n & . & m , t p c w .
the Bp.nbrh:~ :@h& $ w ~
*,.I
miq@$
t , .or p o s o e a a i o ~ + ~ ; ~
are found occnpyingladds, shall. t$..+,&r&~pr
fmm, M £rom.pmpartg belonging to the .am,;but, *if*
occupied the: same mom than tan ye=, a compmm$bfin ;b,'a--
mitted to those who are considered w owners, that ia :toq ,
shall not be deprived of theu lands Always that, .ft&ir&&&
and summary pmcedore, and with the intersention iftbi
of the X i y + a t the b u d of :be treasury. they
pay a jdat and moderate retribution, calculated aemr+
~U,*gp@$
tent or the knds, their situation, and othcr d s b o ~ . d . i h s
price of estimation foronce paid inta the m y d traasq:"fie
to property will bo delivered, an refa- to &t ~ h k &
w.
,h
&g
to 6 . b -
h '4
titlu
:
,
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
*ZI. m o s s who ue found in a situation expremed in t h i liith

ditlde; it they havd not cleared k o i . d d n d b y work upon thklahd
they'mnaider themaelves proprietors of hj virtue of the first a&
of thd Govbmm'ant, not baing i f 1h~"iidmbdof ibose whd haMbe8n
Admitted '$'the' tkaq of h e * ~ m C r ; j ~ , i n ~ ~ ~ d e ~ ridmiltled
ivdtit
to.w*j;d~.&,$e~nner erpJ&ea.G:thaprk&g..&,b: il.
they. .?f '&&:&a, they dhdl ohserve.+hat ia ord&&ln)tii6
@de fsllo*thg~ ':""' .. . .. .
6:bay rh&ithisweion
" 2 2 h r. h. d. p m m d peramptory tam or nu month& Mating
shdl
.
fm&,:.
31 those who o G u p y ; h d s vithoot $tlw from the &vdryo;lrwd
tho& whb. In. haPing ibi.ined number o t , &ps&p,um
seized a gr& ,&he o,
k h t .to make it known, eith&+.W"*-'-
i th& ars &, o i ' t o be d m i t t i d ' f @ % ~
their t i t l d ' m p d a ~ aif
pmmiae, o i G'8&.tha the a i d h d s balodg to thd d-'
they h a m b i t bec$k&pied mora thaq tad ji-; ',nidehtfd~&
it pMsea &, &:&;if ifthay 'i&+,*,jjp-:.&&.&+,+
w i l l not oh& &$* titlp or cnm@muru.
. ;ii,,m:obs.ihdgi..so rmB60 h " . c i : ~ &.&pi&
,
&*8.BI
pLaiion bf Ki tarn;fixed in t h d p ~ , & e l ; i s h d l haw lor&&
r e w k d the bnt$f&th p& of +b 'pi&f o ~ * h i c ~ - & e i g ~ ~ ~ . ~ % i
obtained, by w i f o l Gmjmmiae ; rdd, ifd&hle, b;%3rdthd
preferencc, eitherbf compmmise, st the prim of k p p - . ~
them shdl be m d e ' i dbduction of he-fourth, inlo*&.
'. 24. Ba it ia impomile. weaidmini 31 the l o c d &amkx=%*
that dl the ~acantbodabelonging to the domain; ahodd. 6i &'b,
soctiad, IUI it id brhatod b y the law 1 5 t h title 12th, book 4th,.bf the
collection of the labi of these kingdoms, the d e ' s h a l l b;i m q e
aceording u it ahdl be demanded, with the inlewention of the Khan
Attorney far the board of finances. for the price they s h d l be taxed.
to those who wish to purcbarc; understnnding, if the p a r e h w m
have not ready mousy to pay, it shall be lawful for them to purchms
the wid lands s t redeemnbip quit-rent. during which they s h d pay
the fire per cent. yesrly.
" 25. Besidw the moderate price which the land ooght to be taxed.
the pwchasus shall be held to pay down the right of mcaie annnatn.
or hall-year'a, to ba remitted to Spain, which, & o r d i g to the c o b
tam of fir- founded on l a a , ig reduced to two and a h d f par
cant. om Lbe priw of estimation, and m a d s , l 8 per cont. on t h e m ,
by the .aid ,two and a hall par cent.; they &.ll also be obliged' b
pay d o h 160 feaa of the Surve)-or and Notary.
"26. T h e sales of land shall be mode subject to the mme condition,
m A N OF THE ANClENl ONES...
&sgaof h& ronda, ditch- m d bridgea eonLained in the

prec&,g d d e . But ihe pnrchasera am not mbjeet to lose th&-
lands, if, the h a ye^, thsy.do not f d H the mid conditio4
~~&&,ta and +dice ihdl3~bl;ga them to pat tbtmaclr&
,,j&in the iple, b e topedorm the conditions in 6 ruuonable term,
and, if they do not & it, the raid r o r k ball ba done the cod of
tho p u r c h w . '.
u 2,. Care be tS.= & ob-e in t6s said des thai ah;&
is commended m , i h d l l t h article, =% the &ran%= m a ~ a t y
rhi,,h resdtb&'&,&ting the aatrblishmanta d w a y s when it ia
. ..
pmct*able. r
~?8.me titlea ta the propBrty of landa which are sold, or
shall be iaaned b y the Generd-IntcnadL
by ray
+hi, the or estimation is bred, and of the mdk &
(b~f-,.~,~)rent, or quit-rent, the mid price of estimation 8b.d b a ~ e
into the t r e a a q , aha; pnt i t in ~ r i L i n g to the
of the pmceeding which has t&m place, with the internention
of the King's bttoriey.
.,29. me&a procedure shall be deposited the of the
wca, & the tiae.b-&bed in another book,intended 5 r . h
. ; e m a 4 f : a ; a l .&'pt, of h d , in the m e manner . d . i . o r - '
a&, ~ & . ~ , , ~ , ~ & , w r , c e r n i n g grstaitona conceasiolu. : m e .
-+;GI&.
.. .. .,I -mta s h d l &o have a separ&.%k
%'fsL;zwsbtS' be
. . .
tiam
. .
iasned for d e a r s d grants d h corn-
pm* ..
" 30. n d f bf'ths ~ Snrvayor, in e v e ease eornprebnded.in-,he
Present r+tion, ahdl be pmportionsbto the labor sod *bai whj&:
it h= been ctlstamy ma thiP time b pay.. of &a g-iary.
of d n l e a a .then hsa been extraordinary hbr, %bare
tha'new d e n sre not poor (f& in this he id&
,, -&inj
thing d thorn1 .shall bs five dollars ;!and.t~is
=d.othar f ~ n d i t i e aprescribed, and thore & A ~ ~ & - ,
a d of the Interpreter, if,on any o w i o n , then, i, -n to emp]o,
U t e papers. take deciaratioru or other &,r h ~ 1
h im
to
latad by the prorineial tariff - be rego.
" 31. Indinns who possess l a d s +thin the limits @a
ment, s h d not, in any manner, be distnrbed ; on the the7
shall be protcctod and sapported; and tb be c ~ ~ ~ ~
SPdies. m d Sumcyors. ought to pay the greaq-.q*d,q to Snn-
duct themselves in Consequence. - . ...... - ...
.
'' 32. T h e granting or #elling of aop hds'ahdl not proc~dd
in withoof formal information having been praviomly re&rd that
176
L
they u a r m a u t ; and, to avoid injnriooa mistakes, we premiae t h a ~

beside the signature of the Oommandant or B p d i e of the district
this information ought to ba joined by that of the Surveyor, ma of
two of the naighbora well a n d e n t a n d i g . If,notwithstanding this
oeceaaary precaution, it s h d be found that the land hps another
owner besides the dnirnant, and that there is a d i d e a t reman to
reatare it to him, the Oammmdant or B p d i c , the B w e y o r , and tbe
naighbbrs who h s ~ &god e the information; ahall indemnity him for
the loarw h e has mEereb
'33. An fu aa it may be prseticable, the b a a b i b n t s must an-
deavor that the petitiom presented by them, to aab for h d a , be
IiPritten in the Bpanisb langmge; in which ought, also, to be writtan
the cdPiu, or information which the Commandants am to +pa : :.h
tba poats whim Lhis is not pysctirsble. the ancient uaage W ' b e
followed.
"34. 811:the loti or scab bel+'g ts thb domaia. whit!,&
found vacab&ither in this d t y , or boroughs, or villagsa. dtosdy
eaabliahed, o r which may be establiehed, shall be d d , f o r ' d ~
money, with dl the formalities p r & b @ , i n . & d e r t h 8 . h t p
r o d , mdothara, which mqcern the sale-of +&:,
,#35. T h e o w e r a b f l o b or pl- &bid have baen.'dtkdd, as
well those in h n t , as towarda the N.E.and 3.W. a r m b e . N.i 5
and 8. W. &all.-rilhinthree m o n h p r o e a n t to the h d a n o p ' & e
tidm whieh &e,vin+ve obtsined ; t o the end thaL al the
same, if any'&ential thing $ found aanting i t may ,bsnpplid, and
they amred ofthair proper@ in a legal Way.
~ 3 6 T. h e same mud be dono before' the rnbdelegaterjof
blobiie i n d PeaapeoLa,for thase who b a ~ obtained
e grants for loh.in
these raapective eatablishmenb; to the and that Lhia i n l e d h e y ,
h e i i inatrocted thereon, may order what it shall jodgo.moat eon-
reniwt to indemnrfy tba royal trcaaary, wilhaot doing mong ta the
owner.
'' 37. In the o(tico of the comptroller, conlodoria of tho army, or
chambera of aceoonts of thin province, and other boards u .?I the
joriadiction of tLis intendmcy, so aecouut e b d l be kept of the
amount of sales or g r a ~ bOC laods, to instruct hi blsjerty e v e r y
jmr what tbis branch of the royal rosenuo according as it
is ordcrcd io the thirtcontb arliclo of the ordinance ? i,E o g , or
the
the 15th olOetaber, 1754.
39. T h o Cammmdaots, or Syndics, in their rcspectivo districte.
are chugad with tho collection of the amount of the b e s or rent8
laid on hnds ; for l b purposo the papen and necessary d o c n ~ ~ e n u
177
RETURN OF THE AfilCIENT ONES...
L-e to be aent to them: nq!d !bey m g h t t o fcmaA tutnunUr, t4 t b

;meruI t m n v y , tho ~r-3:. tl.,>y .i,:,l al1ec:ed. to t1.e erd t h ~ t
scrluittmcos, c!othod eth L ' I ~n m d tomlities of ha,may be d s
5;srcd to them."
No. 1.
"EA'rY b*XD CD?T7ENTIONS DETiVEEN THE n7TED

WrhTES !WT, ' r H E FRESOII E E F U B L J c g
,. 'r)ca,y.:.,-.:rc>t Ti,l.~thli~a.d the Vdtcd S I G : ~o,; r c r . r

- , .
r.:c J'rr.,.)
., :-,'.;n-t. -;mid ct Poiirl thC 301h $&RL
,$Dj
*; TUBYresident of th9 United 8 h t e s of Americs, and the F L .

'?c:naol of ti-.'Freucli 1 3 ~ p ~ J l iin c . the name oi th? F T P : p-.:pl?, ~~
d:ririug t . rer)!^P: 1:1!9s*o nf ~ l b ~ n < e l - t u l < n Vrelsd:?
, !? n'iects
a i diacuc~i~~ c enl.! i r ~ . A ;I t h l rc:ood FU?. ! L ~ ~ c \ofc F11::

vcntion of '&c 8 t h Yentlcminire, nn 9 (30th *,f 8cptemh.r. !P"O).
r c l ~ t i ~too the ri+n clnimcd b y tho Unitad Ekkrs, in + l e ci &a
treaty wnclnded at Hadrid tho 2 7 t h o f Ocbbor, 1795, b e t r e d b~
Catholic &jest7 and the mid E n i t o d md a n ! t,' ? t r e ~ @ h e n
tho onion and friendship which s t the time of the sai6 conve=tion
7 8 s happily re-estabiiohed b c t n e c n the two nations, hare r 3 p e d -
ivcly. anrned tltcir pienip~te~rtinrjce;to wit, the Prsident of h e
Unitcd Stntcs ofAmerica, by ?.nd with t h s advice and csnsent of tbt
Sennrc nf tho snid States. Robcrt R. Livingston. Uiriister P!eaip
tcntinrr of titc U~litc.?States, and Jnrnee M o m e . Viois:er P l e c i p
, t c r ~ t i x r ~lurJ Envoy E x t i s o r d i r ~ n r y of the m i d S ~ L C D CC, Xthe
Roremrnclit of tho Frenrll Republic; and the First Coosol. in iha
uamo of tho French people, t b c French citizen BxbC l[ubois
' The treaty sod nonrmtion rrs gircn from the American c o p i q 9.d 60
L'nikd S t ~ sre
k coossqueotlr named hrat ia L b m - T ~ m
EMPRESS WERDIACEE...
inistar of 11.8 Pnhlic Tve.mry, n h ~ , & ,finvinE ~ ~ rell,,.:tirdy cr.

cba18pe.l thair foll powor", hrv* agreed to tho f 0 1 1 0 7 ; 0 ~ .<iclea :-
-ART. lot. rVhorenn, hy t h e d o l e the 1Iir.i of t ~ wtreaty con.
cludefl *t St. Ildophonso, the 9 t h Vandemi~ire,an 9 (1st October,
18001. Eetnaao tha F i r a t Conanl of the Freocb ilepvhlic and H i s
C~ltlnolirM a j ~ l t 7 ,i t w m a g e e d M follonr : a !!i. cnth0!ic hfajcrty
~ r o ~ i o nnd
e l mgngoe. 08, his port, La retmeldo lo tho French Re-
pst-lic,aix rnonthe rftsr !he full u d entire a ~ e c u t i o nof tho coodi-
tiaua awl ~ i ~ u l s t i t l nh re : c : ~rel*tive to hi Ilo:*l llichlrea?l the D i s
of 1'anr.a. tb:, ini?t;r or prn~irncan f Loui:tionr. ~ v i t !h4 l ~ R-O c ~ t ~ n t
rbc! i~ now lit, in tila h a ~ d aof .9p&irt,nl.d tiln* it 11nd "lien Vrznce
!:utas~oco r.f l l m tr?:tty, and p a r t i c n l ~ r l ? of the ti.i.1 nrtidn, the

F r s u i l ~! ' n ~ . h l i c nos un ;rr.:,>u:;a,~Imin titlo (n the J,:rnain, nnd t o t b o
~ u o L ~ ~ YO ~ F ~Ll18 ; u anid e r r i t - r y : Tba Vir~mt Ooosd of tho F r e n c h
BepnLiie rla-ir;.?g 1), giv-r tq t h . ~1J;litod 8tatai 9 procf of hL

f i ~ d a h i p ,dotit h e w b y c r d c t;l h u mid noitad Ste, iu nam*
t:f tL9 F r u ~ c hI t r p t ~ h l i s ,C o r ~ e . i n ~ - a d I ~ . I : ~ 1 1 ' ~tba~ g aG.1
~~tp,
ts:rrit.,~-)-, v;tb .diu righto ,w,l yppvrtaw:rra. xc :illy mi in the
s u n :uanner NI tbay..had bmn h a i r e d by t h j I.':snc!~ Strpblic i ~ t
" A s r 2.1. 1.1 uta ccuion rmuls b r the precw&q r.)irle me in-
! : f i e n<l,i~-ant idan;lr 1tel<,ogiug tc L o l i i a i a n h dl p-llllic lots
o r . ! ,.rrrr. vnr.ult h-10.r. anfl nll p r l l l i e httil,li~,;(, fortiGr*tlona,
i : n ! r n r b a . nr.2 nth*: CZ)FI:P>
n l t i ~ !ttg-wt
~ p r i ~ & ~ - ~ i r ~ p ~T~ht ey .
u r i ~ i v r a ,pnpru-, an,! docllmcnt2. relatiru to t!tr dilmai~l nod so"*
roignty nf 1,ou;siann ancl its dcpondcneie~,w i l l I,,: bit in tho porn--
aiun o f tho commiasarir~ of tit., Unite,! S l ~ t r l nrai . enpiea will l o
ofrcrsar,la p i ~ win dno form to thc rnagistrntra nnd mut:icipnl
A ~ i r .3d. I ' h o iobabitants of 11te c ~ .

.c -
.: ~- .
l . rljncj*: i ~ > c o r -
< l <.tertitm>rr
Imcuit!iJ h tho Uoiun.rjf tbc Unilc!l,.~,!I;'. a w l ;~lif~itta.rl8% soon nr
1 8 , b ~ \ ~ ;tcrt,r6iing
l~lt:, to thn p r i n ~ ~ UC ~ ~118,. l c Vt:~l~:c.~l
~ ? , , ~ > ~ t i t u l i ~I,,t ~ ~ ,
of [It- I l u i t - t l S m t w ; .m<iin ~ h tt~~:ttu

c titt~,,t l ~ c ?.i!ail \t~c~g+iul.G~ie:d.
H O ~ I)TU~L.C~UJ in tho [roo otjoy:ncui of tlmc;r . l -.~ i b s r ~ Iarupsrt).,
~. PLI~
IItu rxligiul! ~llicl.?!tpy pro&.
" A u r . 411). T h e r o e b d l Lo acul by llx go\-en:nv,!~t s f I.'rulca a
! l , ~ u t ~ l i n r o r ytn i,,taisinx~n. to 111. s:nal tlint ito ,.:-,.) u r . ~ 81v~:i.s-
179
y.- . u - ~ e U . receive
t~ 6 m .rhtiro6-,al hG aatholie ?d.jestj
the aud.umntry and it. depmd&wiin the name of the French
Bepublic, if it hra n o t been rLsdy &no, .a to transmit it in the
name of the French Republ;b.'io,aa.cDmmis~ry or lgent of the
u n i t 4 Btntek-
"ART. 5th. Immsdiatdji:.Aai the ratScatiao of the present
treaty by the Prcaident o f t h e United B w e a , and in m e that of the
F i n t Conrul shall have been'previonaly ohlained, tho Oommirsnry
of tha French Bepnblic ahall remit 111 the military posts of New Or:
leans m d other parta of the ceded territory, to the Comm'- or
Commismies named h y t h s P r e ~ i d a n to
t tnke paaaorsion; the troop&-
wheher of France or Spain, who may he there, ahall,cease to oecopy
any military post from the time of taking posaeMioo. and shaU be.
embarked ae soan aa possible, in the conrae of three months nRer the
ratifiutioo of thia treaty.
"AZT.Gtli. T h 3 United 8 t + : _ ~ r o = k p ~ t o ~ u t aueh
e treptis
and.-.may
. .- ~nvebmndgr.cehb&w~ear, &*kd U
I t n _ ~ ~ o . ~ ~ l i ontil.by
i a o s , m>tns.L_eonaenl of$e United S t a t ~
thesaid&bea or patiou, other mitable d d e a a h d have been
nPoe
"&~.,7th. bs it L - r e c i p m d y advanlageou to the commerm o f .
Franoo b d the United 8- to enynrage the mmmonication of
both nations for a limited timm in the country ceded by the preaent
tr&ty, mtil p a e d armngbmenta d a t i v s t a the inmmerce of both
nrtiond may 6e a p + d on, it bar hean agreed between tho cohtract-
ing p d e a , that .the Ranch ships wmiog directly from France or
m f o f her ccloniea.loadad only v i t h the pmduca or manufaelurea of
F ' p p ~ o j . h ~ m r iwlouica
d ; u d the shipM co&g d i i t l y
fmm~8piuin.~ny of h r ~ l & e a , loaded only vith the produce or
manofctursa of Spain or her colonies, s M be admitted during tho
space of twelve years in the p a N of New Orleais, and in aII othcr
legal porta of entry within the ceded territory, in the aune msnner
as tllc sllips d the United States coming diroctly from France or
Spzi3 or nny of the& colonies, withoot being subject to any other 01
grcatcr duty on merchandise, or ather or greater tonnage than thobe
p i l l by tho eitizena d the United Ststea.
" Unring the s p ~ of e t i p nhnve-mentioned, oo otl::r nation *hall
havo s right to the sama privilege$ in tbe ports of .Le ccdcd terri-
tory: the twelve y o m shall commence rhrca montlls ancr the
erchnnge of mlilications, if it aLIU t a k e plafo in F r n o c o , or t h
months afler it ahall h a m been notified at Paris to the &n+
go~ernmcnt,if it shall &c h lace in the United Statea: it L,
EMPRESS YERDMCEE..
ever, neU nndemtood that the object of the shave article is t o

favor tho manufactures, commem. fieight, and navigation of France
and of Spnin, so fur an relatea.ta the importations that the Frcnch
and Spaninh shall make into the said porta of the United States,
witl~out@ my. sort affcctiog the raplatione that the. United States
may make cowcrning theexportation of the produce and merchan-
dise of the United States, or any right they may have to make sucl~
regulations.
"ART.8th. In'ktture, and for ever after the expiration of the
twelve the ships of Prmcc sLaU bo treated upon the footing
of the moat favdred nstions in the ports above-mentioneh
"ART.9th. .The particular eon~eition,signed this day b y the
respective AWbters, having for its objeet to provide for the payment
of>ebta ad; t o &e kitizenr of the United Btates b y the French B e
p"o<to.,th6 30th of September,&W0 (8th Vendeminim. -9).
is appbved, and to hare its exertlor.' 'A tha.same manner M if it.
had bee? $parted in thyp r e a e 4 t d t p : i n d . i t shall be r a t i h d in
the s&e fonn,and i n the s ~ ~ ~ : ; i +h e on6 a fa U not b a
r a t s e d &+tinct from t b other. '
h i t h e r pa*iFdG .muvention, srgnoa st tha aama d a b as the
preaent treaty,rpf&ti~e'to . . . .the da8nibvived e hetween thecon~racting
parties;h in the 1, .i.k. e :.i n m . r epp'ri~ed,and will .bratSed in the
name form, and in' the m e h e , ~d'jointly.
" A n r 10th. T h e presept treaty r h d he rat5ed h g o o d u d due
form, the latifirations a h d l be .erehanged in the a p a m o f six
montha aRer the date':of t h e signatoreby the JLinisiers Plosipoten-
tiary,or sooner ifposmie.
" In faith 'whereof, :the respective P1enipotentiaria bare signed
theae articles in the French and English . b o g u a p ; declaring,

nevertheleas, thnt the preecnt treaty was originally %reed to in the
French language; and have thercurtto pot their senls.
,'Dona s t Paris, the tenth dny of Florcal, in the eleventh year of
tho French Bepublie, and the 30th of April. 1803.
*s ILOLIERT R. LIVINGSTON.
J.iJ1F.S JlOXtlOE,
RETURN OF ITfEANCIEPCT ONES..
'' Conemlion betwcc. the G i & d S h t u of America and the Frenr?,

Rqmblic, ofthe rarnc date rm'm d; prcerdi~~,n Trcurg.
Tax President of tbe United Stntcr of Arnrricn a11J tltc Firit

Consul of tho F r m c h EepoLlic, in tLo uame of the l.'rrticli
in consoqncnce of tba treaty of cerui8,n of Lnuisirinn. u1tii.L has
Leen rifled t l i a d a y ; wislljug to reb.~ila:c definitircly c r w y tl;iug
wbicl~has relation to the said cession, have authorircd ta. this ef.
icct the Pleuipotontiaries, that is tu ray, tho Pre~itl<lzt of tLo
Iinited Statcs has, by .and with tbe adrico anJ co~>scutof tho
Senate of tlie said Stntts, nominated for their Plcniliot~.uti~ries,
Robert R. Livingston, K i i e t e r Plcnipotcntinry of tlic Unitcrl
Siatcs, and J a m e s Monroe, Kinister Plenipotentinr~ and Et\roy
Extraordinary of the said United States, ncnr tltc goi-cr~lmcl~t of
the French Republic; and the First Consul of the F r c ~ ~ Itcpublie,
cl~
in the name of the French people, has nnmed as Plenipi,tcutinry of
the said Republic, the French citizen Barbe Uarboir, n l ~ o in , ririue
of their full powern, which have been exchanged thin day, base
agreed tn the following articles :
'*ART. 1st. T h e Gwernment of the United Stntes engn:es to pay
to t h e French Government, in the mnnner specified iu tltc i;illrin.ing
articles, the m m of sixty millions of francs, indcpen~lcntof tLe gum
which shall be b e d Ly another convention for tbc pnyrncllt o l debts
due b y Frapca to citizens of the Iinited Statcs.
s ' A r i ~ 26.
. F o r the payment of the sum of sixty millions of franca.
mentioned in i h s article, the United States shall create
a stock of eleven milliois two hundred and fifty thousaud dollsm,
bearing an interest of six per cent. per annum, paynbla half.yearly
iu London, Amsterdam, or Paris, amounting by the half-)-ear to
three hundred and thirty-aeven thousand fire hoodred dollars.
accordi~tgto the proportions which shall be determined by the
French Government, td be paid at either place; the pri~leipalof t l ~ e
sail1 stnck to be reimbursed a t the treasury of the Utiitrd St;~tes,in
annual payments of not leap than three millions of dollars cach; of
\ r l ~ i c lthe
~ first paymentshall Commence 6hecu )-ears nhcr t l ~ edate
of tho cxcl~angeof ratifications : this stock ahnil L trausfencd 10
the G o v c r n m ~ nf t Frnnee, or to such person or pel-rolls ni shall
182
EMPRESS VERDfACEE-..
authorizod to r c c e l r ~it, in three rnontlls at ulost nfter the exchaoge

of the rntificatio~!~ of this trenty, a n d nftcr Louisiana shnll be taken
possession of in the name of the Government of the United States.
" I t ia farther agreed, that if the French G o ~ e r n m e n tshould he
dcsiroua of dieposing of the said atock to receire the capital in
Europe, a t shorter t e n i s , that its measures for that purpose shall
be taken so aa t o favor, in the greatest degree possible, the credit
of t h e United Etatea, and to raise to the highest price the said
atock.
"ART.3d. It ia agreed that tho dollar of the United S t a b s .
speci6od in the present conventiun, shnll be hxed a t ti?* Francs
?a'&'8, o r , f i v e livrea eight s o u toornois. . T h e present convention
shall be ratified in goad and due form, sod the rntificntioria shnU he
erchanged,'in'the w pm of six months, to dnte from thin day, or
sooner kf possible.
"In faithbf whiah, t h e r g a p e c t i ~ ePlenipotentiaries h n ~ esigned.
t h e a i o v e ' m t i d e s both t n the F h n c h and English l a n p a g e s ;
declaring, nevarthelesa, that t h e p r e e e n t treaty ha4 bean oiiginally
agreed o n ' m d written.&thg&Amrh l&fieuage; to which they have
h e r e m t o & x e d t h s t s&;
" D o n e a t ~arini-ihit e f i t h - o ~ ~ ~ i ~eleventh
rtd, year of the h n c h
Repnhlic (90th Apd,'1803).'
.#ROBERT R. L ~ N Q S T O N ,(L8.)
JAMES IdONROE, (L.8.)
~ ~ B A E B EuaBors, (L.s.)"
No. 3.
" Cmvnrion Xd- iAc Unitcd Slatw of Ammica aad the F r m h

RPpdlic, d o of the name d a t e mild the Louirinna Treaty.
"TUBProsident of the ~ ; k i t c dStates of Alncricn and thc First

Consul of the French Republic, in the nnmc ?f t b e F r e n c h prnlllc.
having by a treaty o f d i i d blc-.termkntcrt-:kit1 difficnllics rclalirc
to Louisiana, and eatablished on a solid foundation the friellilsl~ip
which unites the two nations, and being desirous, in coluplilluce
with the sccond and 6Rll articles of the convention of tltr St11 YCII.
daminire, ninth year of the French Republic (30th Scl,tcml~cr.
1800). to aecnre the pnymwt of t h e sum due by k ' r n ~ ~ cto c the
citizsna of tha United Btataa, have respectively n o n l i ~ ~ n t rnrd l'lcni-
potentinnis, that is to say : the President of the Ur~itcdStatcs of
Amarica. b y and with the advice snd consent of tllc Sc~lntr,Ro-
bert R. Livingpon, &niater Plenipotentinry, and Jnlucs >Ionroe.
Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extrsordinary of tloc said
States, near the government of the French Republic. 2nd the First
Consul, in t h e n a m e bf the French people, the French,citizcn Dnrbb
Narboia, Mininter-of the Pohlic Tressnry ;'wl~o, nftcr having ex-.
ch-d their full p o n e s , Lare agreed to the i o u o w i ~ ~articles
g :-
'"!Ari~.%lst. T h e dcbts doe b ~ France
- to the citizens o l t1,c United
Etatea; cdntractid bcfore the 8th Vendcrniairc, ninth year of thq
French Republic (30th September, 1800), shall be p ~ i dnccording
t o the following regulntions, n i t h intcrest a t six pcr c c ~ ~ to t . , com-
mence from the period when the accounts and vouchcrs were pre:
sentcd to the F n n c h Government.
"ART. 26. The debts provided for by the preceding article .arg
thoee whom r e d t is'mmprised in the mnjeeturnl notc annexed $
t h e present convention, and which, with thc interest, cannot exceed
the sum of taenty millions of francs. T h e claims comprised in the
said note, which fall withiin the exceptions of the follaiving d c l e s .
shall not'be admitted to the benefit of t b b prorision.
"ART.3di The principal and interest of the said dcbts shall be
discharged b j 0 e United Statee b y order6 rirajrn Ly their Hi-
nister Plenipotentiary bn their trenstiry; rllesc onlcrs shaU be
payable #xty days after the exchange of the ratifications of the
treaty and the conventions signed tllis day, a ~ l dafter possession
shall be given of Louisians by the Commissioners of France to those
of the United Bktes.
"ART.4th. It :. e x p r e s s l ~agreed, that the precerling articles
shall comprehend no debts but such as are due to citizens of the
United B b t e s , : w h b . b ~ ebean and are Tet creditors o f France for
supplies, embsrgoes, And for-prizes made a t lea, in sltich the oppcal
bas been properly lodged witbin the time mrntioncd in tbe snid
convention of the 8th Vendeminire, ninth year (3011) Scplcmber.
1800).
"ART.5th:;The?pr&ding nrticI~a-sha11spply only, Ist, to cap-
turca of which the Conncil of Prizes shaU haye ordered restitution ;
i t being well aoderetood that the clnimant cannot b a r e rewarno 10
;he United Etatea otherwise than he migllt have 11nd to the G o v I ) ~ -

ment of tho French Bapnhiic, and only in case of tho insufficieqc~
of th? '+$& : 2d, the dehtn mentioned in the said fiRh article of
the cbnfbition, 'wntracted bofore the 8th VendemiaLe, an 9
(30th Saptembar,'1800), t h e payment of which has been heretofore
clai&kd .& the ?hal Government of Franco, and for which the
=editon bye i right to the protection of the United Statsa; the
&d m ' . & & d o m not comprehend prizes whose condemnation
Ll been'& *bd].be confirmed : it is the cxpreaa intentian of tbe
&n&ct&g'pmm' not to extend the benefit of the present con-
ve;tion--6:ridam.tiona of American citizens, who ebaU haye es-
tablish& of fommerur in France, Englnnd, or other coontries
than t h d " n g & 8&tee, in partnership with foreigners, and who
by that';&<; t h e nature of thcir commerce ought to b e
ieg=d&'&: aomiGa& in t h e places where such h o u s o ~e h t .
agr~+afitata;@a:6&gdd~ eoncerni?g merchandise, which shall
h o t . b a t.he,P-''bf 'Ammican citizens, are equally excepted
fromYhd. fi&fit: cf :th#.ddconvaotion, saving, however, to such
p m o h : t h & ,w4h1we&mar as if this treaty had not been
ibadr
-h''*th. Itt# .a%
ditf8rent quedrtons which may arise
hndar'~~'~&.Wylm a y he fairly investigated, t h e M i s t a r e
P l e n i @ ~ ~ f t b c . ~ . x a e3tates d shall name three persons, who
shall ...--.
rct'bm.'fhqpmant
,b.r and provisionally, and who shall have
fdboll$? h. %-mhe,!aithont removing tha dccnrnents, all the
~ c ~ d n ~ . 6 : r 6 ~ i daims e r a ualready
~ liquidated by the bnreaa
ea&&,.&'Yd" -:.... .
r ' d b p n r p o a e b y t h e Fronch Jiepublic ; and to ascer-
&@k:'$haybelong lo, the classes designnied b y the pre-
sadt'don~eqtldn".&d'~the principles eetahliahed in it, or if they are
not S a n s ~ ?t8 f exeeptitina, and on their certificate, declariog that
the debt due, to an American citizcn or Ilia repreaentatiro, and
that it' e d e d b e h the 8th Vendcrnioire, ninth year (30th Sep-
tember. 1800), the creditor shall he cntitlcd to an order on the
treaanry of the United Btotee, in tbe manncr prescribed by the third
article.
"ART. 7th. T h e snme agc!ata al~nlllikcaiao hnvc powor, witltout
removing tho documants, to exi~rninc tlta elrtirnv wlticlt sro prallarcd
for verification, and Lo certify tllose wlticl~10!8~1ttLO bo ~ d m i t l c dhT
uniting (ha-uecesbary .qnalificatiayin~~.uotbeing couprised in the
exceptions contained in the prescnt ionvcntian.
"ART.8th. T h e Mme agentp shnll likewise examine the claims
which an, not prepared for liquidnlion, and certify in writing
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
a,- t tho p r w n t m t y b u k e n origindy

nororthdeu, b
agreed on md wtittan m in (h& luryngc ; to shich they h ~ e
barsrinto &zed th& idr
*Done .L Pa&, the tanth &y of Nored, clcr~nthyou of tha
--
Raw&Bqllblio (3MhApril. 1803).
BOBERT R LIVINQSTON, (L9)
JANES XONROE; (LS.)
.RUBE lullm19. (La)"
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
"France And Grandma Had Two Page Notes"
HISTOIRE DU CONSULATE ET DE L'EMPIRE

VOLUME 12304 DEVOTES TWO PAGES
TO THE SALE OF
"LOUISIANA
RETURN OF THE ANCIENJ ONES...
M. THIEFEi WRITES:
TOall thcsc dctcrm~riat:onr. so promptly tal;cn, was to be c::c

more relative to Louisiana. T h e four thousand destined to occuay
i t had just been discabarked. B u t n i a t a a s to be done? IVhat plnn
was t o be adopted in regard t o t h a t rich possession? Thc;e was n o
reason to be u n u s r rcspcctiag o u r other colonies. St. D o m i n g o w a s full
4-psi and t h e s o l d i c ~u h o disposable in t h e colonial i c p t s
were hastily p c t on board a11 t h e merchantmen ready t o sail. Guadeloupe,
hlartiniquc, the Isle of Francc, were likewise provided w i t h strong
garrisons, and immense expeditions would ha\^ been required to dispute
them with t h e French. B u t Louisiaru contained not a ringleroldier. It
1 ~ 3 an
s extensive province, rrhich four thousand men r e r e n o r . ~ ~ c i c n r
t o occupy in time of war. T h e inhabitants, though of French origin, h a d
so frcquenrl>- changed masters during the lazt c c n ~ u w t, h a t r h c y were
attachcd to nothing b c t t h e 3 indcpcndence-Xhe h o n h Americans were
5)- no means pleased to see us i a posscs~ionof thc p u t h s of t h e hlissis-
sippi, and of thci: principal outlet in the GU?~oi3fcxico. T h e y had even
a p ~ l i e dto Fraace t o grant their commerce and navigation advantageous
conditions of transit in the p o n of New Orleans, l l a c ivcre d c t c m i n c d
:o keep Louisiana, we mighttherefore reckon on the greatest-efiort~011
the part of t h e English against us, on perfect indifference o n t h e p.n of
the inhabitants: and on w r i t i v c in-wLll.on the p a n .of t h e Arnerimns.
These latter, in fact, ~virhcdt o have none but Spaniards for neighbors.
-.2!! the colonial dreams of the First b n s c l seredispelled a t once by tnc
r?;learancc of the message of King Gmrge 111, and his resolut~ion\\.as
inst=,ntly formed. I will not keep, said he t o one of his r n i l ~ ~ s t c r sa,
p~ssessionwhich wocid not be safe in ou: hand:. which \rould perhaps
exbroil me with the Americms, o r produce a coldness b e t n c c n us. I \vi!l
mzke use ol it, on the contrary, t o attach them to me, ,and r q p b r ? ~ !
them x i t h t h e English, and raise u~ against the latter enemies w h o all1
,some day a\-cngc us, if \vc should no! succeed in a-engir!g ourselves. My
resolution is taken; I will give Louisiana m the Uniied-States. B u t
13 rhey have no territory to cede t o U K in crchanpc. I w ~ l l d e m a n da.$um
of money towards defraying t h e u p c n s c s of ihe extraordinary arhiament
. .which I a n projecting zeainst Great Britain. Thc First Cor.su! int,c!llcd
not to contract any loan: kc hoccJ ivith a c ~ n s l l c r a b l cs u n , xvhlch h e
shoulri procurc e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y , k i t h a -ode:ate increase of t h e tascs,

a n d a f t : ~ -saler of ~ a t i c n a ld o m a i - s sIol:.ly cficctrd, t o b e a h l e t o m e e t
:he expenses o! t h e w i r . . r H e s e u t for h1.-Alarb+ministerof t h e treasury,
formerly e;npio!-cd in :\mcricz. ar.d .\I. DecrGs. rninistcr o f t h e marine,
2r.d wished. t!.oueh decided hirnsclf, t o h e a r w h a t t h c y h a d t o say. T i l e
First Consul l i s t e n e t t o t h e m v e r y attcr.tivcly, rr-ithout appearing t o k e
in t h e lcast t o ~ c h e db y t h e a r g u m e n r s of either: h e listened t o t h c m , as
h e o f t e n did, u.hen hc h a d m a d e up his m i n d , r o satisfy hiinself t h a t h e
w a s not nistai.cn on a n y i m p o r t a n t poi:.r of t h e questions submitted t o
his i u d p n e n t . C o n f i r m e d r a t h e r t h a n s h a k e n in his resolution b y w h a t
h a d heard. he directed 11. d e . \ f a r b ~ i sto send, \vithout losing a yo-
, for . Livi-gs:on. &4rnerl'a-".rninisrer, a n d t o e n t e r !ntg
:icpotiatietm~tt*rivatT.urL o u i s i a n a . ~ 1 r . I l o n r o eh a d rcccntly a r r ~ v c d
i.: E u r o p e t o s e t t l e c i t h t h e English t h c rqucrtion o f rnaritimc right, a n d
w i t h t h c Frcnch t h e q u e s t i o n rC5:cCtin~ t r a n s i t o n t h e ?vlisrissippi. On
his arii\.al in Paris. he m e : b y t h e ur.expected proposal of r h e French
cabinct. H e was offered n o r c c r t a i n facili:ies of t r a n s i t t h r o u e h Louisiana,
bu: t h e a:,neration of t h e c c u n x y i:se;i r o t h e U n i t e d Starcs. Sqt
c n b a r r a s r e d for a m o m e n t w a n t of pawcis, h e concluded a t r c a t y
inirncdiately. subject to r h c r e G 6 c l t i o n 3f hi: eovcrnnlent. hl. d c h l a r -
bois dernzlidecl eighty millions. twenty r - t of t h a t r u m being t o indemni-
f y .4rnerican commcrcc f o r c a ~ r u r e sil!ceally m a d e d u r i n g t h e l a t e tvar,
a n d sixty for t h e trc3sur)- of F r z x c c . T h e ttt-e:.ty millions destined for
t h e Erst purpose rrere e x p c c t e d t c T L r c u ; che heart!- g ~ o a - ~ i of ! l the
merchants o i r h e C n i t e d S t s u .4s fo: t h e :ist!- millions destined f o r
.Frnr.ce. it \ v ~ ia g r e e 2 t h a t t h e cabicc: of \Yashin:1on s h o u l d - w d c
annuities, a;td.lhat t h c y s h o u l d b e -ncpotiatcd to D u t c h houses, a t a n
a c ' v ~ r . t a ~ c o u!are.
s a n d no; f i r {:om p a r . l'he t r c l t y was rhcrefore con-
cluded or! these hares. a n d s e n t t o \\-aihington to b e ratified. I n this
m a n n e r t h e .%rncricanr purchase.! from. F r a n c c t h a t extensive counr:?,
rvhich h a s coniclcted their t e r r i ~ c r yin S o r t h .%mcrica. a n d m a d e thcm
marte:s of rkc G u l f of & i c x i r o f o r t h c ~ r r s e n ta n d for t h e timc t o c o n c .
T k c y a r e c o ~ s e q u e r , t l yi:.?ebrcd i r r h r i r b i r t h a n d for their g r c l t n c i s t o
th;r !, n_c s t r c ~ , - l ehc:aec: F r z n c : a n d E 2 y l a n d .
'Louit AdolpAc Thirrr. Ilz:r..:; c! rhr C,n.rvla:, o-' E m : i r r 01F r c r ~ ,v n d r r A'a;:lr,n

! d l I C ~ dc..atcd 10 thc Lruirizna P u r c i t a i c :i ::il
. Lclr < h a . 1-0 F ~ F arc
edition ctml=ini;e < r c l \ r ralun.rs 223 6179 paprr.
GRANDMA KEPT FRANCE'S TWO PAGE NOTA WITH HER

ON HER OWN TWO PAGE NOTA
RRURN OF THE ANCIEN7 ONES. ..
THESE ARE THE PIECES FROM MY GRANDMOTHER.

I DON7 KNOW WHERE SHE GOT THEM FROM. THEY HAVE
BEEN THE HELP I NEEDED TO GEF STARTED. I AM SURE
IT WILL HELP YOU TO RIP A HOLE IN HISSTORY'S BEHIND.
.. C o n t i n u i n g Mr. H a t n i l i n n says r e g a r d i n g French archives:

'Thc papers of Crozat are s t ~ k n o w n . It had also bccn be!ievtd that
the papcrr of Law's C o m p ~ n y had been lost or dcstroycd. but it is
now mid that 140 bundlrs relali~rgto this company are at L'Oricnt as
, a part of thc arch~vcs of that drpar:ment These dcsen-e zttentiw.,
- the more so as it was in thc time o f this company that so many cor,.cs-
rianr on the hlirrirsippi and elrr.~!!crc u..rc grac\ted and the coloq* of
Louiiiana really became a ~ p r o x i m - ! y reit :u:tainln~. Penic.,.ft rece. :<
one of these grant;, anrl it will be rii,~crnSeredthat his narrat;\z, published
, in hlargiy's hftir vohr!:, is onc of the nlort realistic a d intcreiting ac-
counts of thc early French sct'l- t Lil,c.l:i.
"The earliest Catholic nlissiou ucrc conduct?d by the Scnlil..:ry o f

Quebec and the lelt.:ri of Dlvinn, St. Cosme and otl~ersxould throw
much light up>n the cstabliihn~ento f religion in Mis;issippi. T h e recent
re-publication by Burrows Bror a t Cleveland o f the Jrrui: Rrloticrtr is
d i s a p ~ i n t i n gso far as hlissisri;.;,! is concernrd Thcr: is little concerning
our secttun and pretty ntuch all of what i i published :h! becn printed
h f o r e in Kip and other accessible books. I t is tb be remc -red, how$ve<,
that there were not a great many priests in what is r. :: hlissiis~pp~.
and even o l thcm at first few Jesuits. T h c Wcstcru Ci.,<ip;lny in 1722
gave the lllinoir dirtrkt, which aiterwards extcoded dn:ci~ to Natchcz.
ta thr Jesuits, brit from 17x5 the Jesuits were l a r ~ e rpowers and
'their jurisdiction inr1urli.d thc Cl>ickaraas, Alibamoas 2nd Choctaws.
.There ought to be materir.1 among !he papLr; o f the Seminxry of Quek-c,
md possibly sornc of tht Jesuit gcrlcral &ces at Paris, Rome and ill Spain.
The hlnnumrnta Hii:olica of Polanco, now i n process of po!.!ication
from those rourccr, by Burrows Broi., may t m d to xrlvc this aucstion"
SURELY SHE WAS A CAGING OLD CAJUN QUEEN.

THE EMPRESS OF THE WASHITAW PROVINCE.
EMPRESS VERDLACEE..
T h e !is1 of Paris papcrs once made by Edmund Forstall cannot now

be indcol~hedin all details. T h e dcpartmcnt of the marinc zncl coionicr
hx* becn brokcn into wo. of which t l u t of the nnarit~ccoa~t;tijtr h r nlarr.
o f import;tncc lo ur T h c payers have i c c o r d i n ~ l y kc-, rc-armngcd
md Illany could not now be found, dcrpile thc p ~ i n r t ~ l u nintcrcst g shown
by the French officials in m y work on Colonial hIobile"
The list of d o c u m e n t s by E d r n u n d J. F o r s t a l l r e f e r r e d to in
the l a s t p a r a g r a p h by Mr. H a m i l t u n . constitules a c h a p t e r i n
French's H i s t o r i c a l G l l c c t i o n s of h u i s i a n a . The f o l l o w i n g
i t e m s taken from the listrefer to d o c u m e n t s bearing directly on
Arkansas :
10rTFOLIO NO. 111.
Yt&. NO date-mcmorial on Louisiana. This document appears to
have been writlcn to\vards the ycar 1730; it is rernark~blclor its crtcnrivc
views; i t treats o f Lhe country o f Xobilc, o f the Balize, of its passcs.
o f the country bclwecn Balizc and Ncw Orleans, 01 the neighborhood
of this city, o f Pointc Coupce, o f N a t c h ~ z , 01 Arkanslr, o f Illnoir;
it contains ~o pagcr and concludes by oiTcring a plan of coloniz~tion
for thc wholc."
PORTFOLIO NO. V.
"255. 1731, zllla Junc-Diroo Dart=gucttc, announcing )new disordcrr
amany thc Natchcr; the murder of two officcrr near thc Arkansas:
dcstrvclion of the Tunicas by 111c Natchez; calls for assistance."
POrTFOUO NO. YI.
"z@. 1724, August-inspection by the L o o i s i ~ nComn~lltcc,
~ o f ihc
diilcicnt military posts of that colony. tawit: Ncw O r l c x ~ ~ sthc
, nalirc.
Biloxi, D~uploin+land, hfobilr. Alibamons, Natch<z, Natcl~itocl~cr, Yazw.
Arkansas. Illino~r. This comnttttec rccotnrncnds thc giving up of tllc
military posts a i Biloxi. Dauphin Island and Arkansas."
FORKFUL10 NO. IX.
"487. 17J1. y t l t Junc-Mr. Diron Dartagucttc giving an account of
an attack by thc Natchcz o n barges a s c e r l d i ~ ito~ 111c Arkansas 2nd o f thc
dcrtruction o f thc Tonicas on thc 13th of Junc by thc N~rchcr."
"49. No datc-account of thc dcfcat o f hl>jor D a r t a ~ u c t t c ,of his
dcatlt a n d o f that o f 4; of his mcn: among whom thcrc wcre 17 or 18
o6ccrr: thc Frcrtch detachrncnt war composcd of 130 men. 38 lroquois,
38 Arkanr=r. 19illirtoir and hfiami in all 396 men; the cxpcdition lcft
lllinoii a n tile aoth of Februrry 1736, rcnchcd the Chicacl!ar country
on lhc 24th o f Sfarch and allackcd thcnl on thc u m c d a y ; they wcre
aband<:,;d by lhc Illinois r n d hliami which cornpcll~d D a r t a g u c t t ~
to retreat, hence the delrat and hcary loss sustained"
"No. 1 4 4 . Jourml d u voylgc de la Louisiane, fail par lc Sr.
B c r n ~ r d d c lr IIarpc, ct dcs dccouvcrtcs qu'il a (liter dans 13 partic
de I'oucst d c ccttc colonic" (in thc year from 1718 to 1722, inclurivc).
b r s c folio, 1 6 prgcr.
'No. 6S. S u p fi. (same volttmc r r the above). Journal du voyage
fail p a r dcux frcgalcs du Roy, h Pradioc c o m l l ~ n d ~per c Mr. d'lbcrrillc,
tc lc hlarin par, Mr. Ic Chcvalicr d c Surgcrcs, qui partirent de Brcst
Ic 24 Oct. I€+." Large folio. 86 pagcr.
"Thcrc are scscral other inlcrcsting lcttcrs and papcrs relating to
b u i s i a n a , in the u m e volumc. and at thc ralnc period; also a manuscript
map of the Afississippi Rivcr. dated ~jw.In this n u p the Rcd Rircr is
callcd rhe Soblonnierr, thc Arkansas. Tonti, and the klirsouri, Rivirrt
dtz Oralrr"
I NOTICE THE LAST 4 UNES HOW THEY CHANGED

NAMES TO CHANGE LAND MARKS TO STEAL OUR LAND.
I
"The Lewis A n d Clark Expeditjon"
President Jefferson Everyone
Except One, Lone Black York!"
It i s not just how history lied but the intent to steal from blacks is
so obvious. Jefferson, a favorite of mine, and by far the most honest.
I find to be a liar and a cheating theft to be a holy minister. While in
Paris France in 1787 as American Minister, he met u p with a John
Ledyard, who came to France to arrange a fur business out on the
northwest coast of America. Since Ledyard had failed, the two men
struck u p an unusual relationship in the sexy city, being hotel partners,
as they were. Jefferson proposed to him a land expedition through
North Europe to Kamtschatka on the Pacific. This was not i n America
but through the third bedmate, Russia gave consent. I never did find
out his name. The business man Ledyard set out at once and Went
into winter quarters 200 miles from Kamtschatka.
Lust did not set so good with the Bigwigs that came to his camp.
They arrested him and compelled Ledyard to return. Five years later
Jefferson, not being able to forget his good times i n France with his
promiscuous friend in 1792, we find Thomas Jefferson, trying to cut
himself the right of way to his friend, who had made his own way to the
Northwest. Now, Jefferson proposed a subscription by the American
Philosophical Society t o engage a person to go to the Northwest Coast
by land.
Captain Merriwether Lewis, stationed i n Charlottesville, Virginia was

engaged for the mission. M. Michaux, a French botanist was a likable
person as was Ledyard, who was to go with him. This was a must for
men being away from their families for so long. They had gotten as far
as Kentucky when the French Minister at Washington became jealous
and recalled Michaux, terminated the proposal because of a bedfellow.
It was now January 18, 1803 and there he had not purchased
Louisiana yet. Made a secret Congressional Trading Act to establish
trading houses among the lndians. This Act, about to expire b y
limitation, recommended that, the Act be continued and extended t o
posts among the lndians on the Mississippi River to its source. Then
to cross the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. This was approved
i n a secret Congressional Meeting and appropriations made. And
Captain Lewis at his own request, I learned as handed down by the
servants, was detailed to command the expedition. No purchase of
Louisiana had been made.
It was called an expedition of discovery and a mission of inquiry,

but it was rather an undying lust that prompted this expedition to go
to the Pacific. They classed it together, the his-story of the lndians;
details, topography, character of the people and to enter into a
commercial negotiation with the lndians, also to learn their habits.
First, Lieutenant Clark, brother of General George Roger Clark, he was
the taller one named William Clark, and was detailed jointly with
Merriwether after M. Michaux left. Captain Merriwether Lewis, United
States Army and First Lieutenant William Clark, United States Army
(now Clark had been Jefferson's personal secretary and bedfellow).
That's where we get the saying ... "politicians' make strange
bedfellows." The above headed the first Regiment Infantry.
NDCT IN UNE WAS:
-
Patrick Gass Sgt. U.S.A. Charles Floyd
William Bratton John Colter
John Collins Pierre Cruzatte
Robert Fraiser Joseph Fields
George Gipson Silas Goodrich
Hugh Hall Richard Worfington
Thomas P. Howard Peter Wiser
John Baptiste LePage Francis Labuiche
Hugh Mc'Neal John Potts
John Shields George Shannon
John B. Thompson William Werner
Alexander Willard Richard Werner
Joseph Whitehouse John Newman
George Drewyer
(or George Drulyard)
Tousaint Chabono (wife) Ceesonnenee and
baby Ceeshonee Charbonea
York was a colored or black interpreter to the Nation of Mantans,

- incidentally who were named Mantans by the French. Now York and
Ceesonnenee were related. He being colored, black, and she tan, it
was hard to guess. They were both hitching a ride on the sly t o the
- Washitaw, being Consanguine. York was half-brother to the Washo
woman, Anniamaree, the daughter of the Ayimarieeya, the old Empress.
It was she that Ceesonnenee and her husband, Tousaint Chabono were
-
taking their baby, Ceeshonee Charbonea so that she may be held by
her and become blessed.
The Washo woman Anniamaree, was the legal Washitaw wife (Illegal
French wife) of Joseph de'Maison Rouge. She was the mother of
Henry Turner. York, her half-brother was the only person that the
United States did not pay, because he was black. His knowledge got
them there. It was his and Ceesonnenee's knowledge of the language
i n areas that made it successful.
Jefferson himself, did prepare the written instructions.

Their party entered the Missouri River exactly 123 years before I,
Verdiacee "Tiari" was born, date being May 4, 1904. 1 was born high
noon on May 4,1927. Annie Turner Washington, part Tunicawashitaw
and 114 french. A daughter of Joseph Henry Turner and Matilda M.
Turner husband was the Washitaw son of Delphia Kim and lsham
Washitaw (Washington changed by the Boston School mams that came
to teach them English).
3
They crossed the Rocky Mountains in the summer of 1805. They
landed at the Cape called Disappointment, November 15, 1805. They
had passed the Snake River (named for the cleverness of the
Ceesonnenee) to its junction with Columbia and as far as the Pacific
Ocean. They wintered at Clatstop, south of Columbia.
This expedition returned to St. Louis, September 23, 1805 with a

wealth of information both true and false. It is not the lies that they
wrote as what they wrote was basically true. It was what they DID NOT
write. What they found among the Washitaw had to surprise them.
The Ancient Ones, Ceesonnenee being lighter, yet darker red, they
mistook her for an Osage, due to her noiselessness, they called her a
Snake Indian. She was beautiful and evaded all of their attempts and
desires, as her desires were left for her husband. No Indian Princess,
left her tribe and followed them. She and her family were with them
from the beginning with a baby. They learned that she was a Princess
when they reached the Washitaw.
Their real motives were to return home. Upon the expeditions

return, Captain Lewis and Lieutenant Clark were honored with 1,600
acres of our land each. All others i n the party were given 320 acres of
our land each, except York, who was not given one thing, but called a
slave that belonged t o Lewis. No soldier took his slaves with him to
war. Lie again. The north were not slaveholders.
At that time b y the United States Constitution, York was 315 of a

person and so were the other Indians.
, . The great spirit being with York, he out lived them all and died at
Richmond, Virginia in the fall of 1870 at the age of 114, a true Ancient
One. Lewis became Governor of the Louisiana, stolen territory and
died October 11, 1809 near Nashville, Tennessee. Clarke, Brigadier
-
General later became the governor of the Mississippi Territory from
1813 to 1820 and died September 1, 1838. The Shoshone River or
Snake River is for Ceesonnenee. Many records are on file. Only half
of the truth has been told.
Many writers have forged documents containing what they believed

to be the truth. Other writers do leave out many real facts to shape
history to what they want readers to believe is true. And by their own
knowledge that document is a lie. These again are called white lies.
Some of the greatest white lies are the lies surrounding the
LOUISIANA PURCHASE. A perfect example being next to the greatest
M i t e lie.
The United States Constihrtion does not permit buying land or

purchasing a country. When Jefferson learned of the purchase, he
said. 'We are stretching the constitution to it's breaking point" ihen
added. "If in some M u r e date, we find that our actions have done
harm to anyone, I hope that the United States wlll have the good mme
to correct the mistake that we make here." See Jefferson's own words
His-story left these facts o u t The Purchase claimed a purchase from
Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. This is not all together true. This
however is the Black Belt that betted the now Untted !States. Bdng as
it was the Black BeR which the immigrants had to cross to go d
These black or hi-tans (Mantans) were hard to deal with, knowing tire
explorers to be the true exploiters with intentions to steal. The whlte
man bit the hand that fed him through the long winter. His prectlce hat8
not changed today. Laws don't mean nothing to the whtte man. T*
was easily done when Jefferson, the Minister President thought about
what he had done. He had the opportunity to conect the evil of ddrtg,
right then without waiting on someone else at a future date.
R f l U R N OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
The time to skin the animal is while the water is h o t Talk is easy t o try
and clear a lie. He knew it was wrong then, it was his own
responsibility to straigMen it out while he was in office.
One thing that strikes me with deep emotions, is the simple

fact that, the whiie man set out t o steal from the Black Washitaws. In
the Lewis and Clark documents listed under the writings of John Sibley
at Natchitoches, April 5,1805 and I quote him verbatim:
"CHOCTAW -There are a considerable number of these naoitns on
the West of the Mississippi who have not been home for several years.
About twelve miles above the post on Ouachita, on that river, there is
a small village of them, about thirty men who have lived there for
several years and made corn; and likewise on the Bayou Chico. In the
southern part of the district of Opelousas; there another village of
them, of about fifty men, who have been there about nine years and
say they have the Governor of Louisiana's permission to settle there.
Besides these, there are rambling hunting parties of them to be met
with all over lower Louisiana. They are at war with the Caldoguies and
like by neither the red not the white people."
Choctaw was a name given to the Washitaws because they were

and are black, like chocolate, brown in color. They're were very many
in number all over Louisiana who were not divided at that time about
April 1805. The hunting parties were a culture. The party fed those at
home and clothed them with or by skins to make coats and foot
covering for the winter. Their villages were organized towns in
International Townships. The last telltale fact is that they were not liked
by the red or the white man because the people were chocolate Black
Washitaws.
Now I again quote verbatim the same above writings of Sibley in

the Lewis and Clark report.
-
ARKANSAS Living on the Arkansas River south side in three
villages, about twelve miles above the post station. The name of the
first village is Tawanima. The second is Ousolu and the third is Ocapa.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
In all, they do not at present exceed one hundred men and diminishing.
They are at war with the Osages, but friends with all athsr peoplei
H i e and red. They are the original proprietors of the country on that
river, to all which they claim. For about 300 miles above them to one
junction of the River Cadron with Arkansas, above the fork, the Osages
claim. Their language is Osage. Then generally raise corn to sell.
They are called honest and friendly people."
Iagain quote verbatim:
' m e forementioned are all the Indian Tribes that Ihave knowledge
of, or can obtain an account of in Louisiana south of the river between
Arkansas, between the Mississippi and the River Grand, at Avoylees.
There did l i e a considerable tribe of that name. but as far as I can
learn, have been extinct for many years. Two or three women accepted
did lately live among the French inhabitants at Washitaw. There are a
few humans still living on the east side of the Missiiippi in Insussee8
Parish, below Manchac, but scarcely existed as a nation.
That there are e n o n in these sketches is not to be doubted, but in

all cases out of my own personal knowledge, I have endeavored to
procure the best information, which I faithfully related and I am
confident any errors that do exist are too unimportant to effect the
object for which they are intended, as a spy report.
Iam sir, & c.& c. JOHN SIBLEY

General H. Dearborn."
Now all of these people were Black Aborigines. The Washitaw

Nation, includingthe Washas, Chactoos and several more tribes, these
people were small and were the Chactoos. The Choctaws and Tunicas
were all black If the intent were to take the land, the last thing Iknow
that the whiie man would have done was make it a know fact that they
were black Yet, they have alluded to It between the lines by ~ S l f l g
words like aborigines, not being white or red.
REJURN OF THE ANClENT ONES..
Yet this son of a bitch failed to come out and say they were Black, &
they made no treaties with the Blacks, even if they were preColumbian
and owned their land.
Notice also the d i i n c e that we are talking about One family
owned the entire Washiiw- Whether you spell it W ~ c h i w Ouachii,
,
Quachii, Umpsaw Arkansas, Kansas or Washas, it is still a Black
Nation of chocolate brown people who were counted as 315 of a person
along witb all other blacks in the said LOUISIANA PURCHASE and no
deals were ever cut except to hang, rape, murdef, poison and to steal
their land.
That is what the Lewis and Clark Expediion in your (history) his-
story was for... an experimental (as based on what is of personal use
or advantage in a situation rather than'for what is right or just; it is
guided by self interest) process in stealing! To expedbite speeds up the
progress to rid the land of our people by any means necessary.
-tion! Ex'spi'sishen means a sending forth or the embarking
upon a voyage, march, etc. As for exploration or M e , such a
journey the people or ship or ships participating are dispatched with
efficient speed. If you have this type of education under your hat
instead of under your belt, you can do an efficient job of reading -
between the lines.
The United States' main object was to get rid of the Original Black ,-
Peopk here in Afmuurican, in what you have learned to call American.
Take the 'Y" out, take two "U's" out and what do you get They
couldn't name it Columbus as we were already here. Arnusecw'd L -
Vespucci. Ah! How could you, being French Englio, Italian. No! No!
No! You can't fool a Washitaw as we, the original Muun (Moors) of -
DUGDAHMOUNDYAH. We must realize who we are and what we are
doing in th
is land and how we have been preserved for what special
purpose. The Clarks played a very important part in the Maison Rouge
Grant story.
EMPRESS MRDIACEL,
-
There is a reason and a purpose for everything. Like the remnant
of the whiies that arehere now, must be taught the tnrth where as they
can come under purification in spirit Know thyself and to thyself be
true.
My people were here when the white man came to this Almuurican
Continent They were the Muurs. In later years called the Moors from
the land of Tadmor (Palmara or Palmares). These were the people from
Muu or Tadmoor, Tadmonnean Tad and Mor; Black-A-Moor, a black
man came from a black woman. All men came from a black woman.
No man, black or whiie to my knowledge has ever given birth.
Palmares, is actually Pal and Maori. Together you get ancient brown
or dirt-colored people. Paleo is primitive or ancient Maori is a dark
color. R is where the name Mary (woman) 'came from. We must learn
to read on the line, then between the line to get into the my (mystery)
story of the Black Ancient People. Wrth this in mind, Ilaid my notes on
the desk to finalize my proof that this was still our land.
I had picked up a copy of the official book of Louisiana Land that

I had gotten from the Louisiana Land Office, written by the Historical
Society of the state. What I read in this book was criminal thefl of
property by a national government in one of its illegal subdhrblons.
Theft from Ancient Black People. That this national government had
signed to protect in the said LOUISIANA PURCHASE Sale Agreement
I really want to tell you and others like you. Read it for you-.
Here it is. I hope you will now understand why I had to pull the Black
Cover off the whie lies. For the next 17 pages it is word for word what
they gave me to be the truth. Ihave pulled the Black Covers off for you
to see the m.
I PRESENT TO YOU THE BOOK
History of Land Titles

in the State of Louisiana
DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF STATE LANDS
DEPAR- OF NATURAL RESOURCES
STATEOFLOUWNA
AS PUBLISHED IN
ISSUE Of
LOUISIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

m NEW ORLEANS, LCUlSlANA
l h e atate of Louisiana-its people and its land from a r+
mantic past to a dynamic present, spina a fascinating tale in
the recorded history of the Americas.
In the late seventeen hundreds when the early settlers .started
drifting into the New World, land was plentiful and settlers
were few. Today, this is not the case.
Many land Laws have been written to suit the changing timea.
Our forefathera settled. on huge tracts of land, built houaea and
tilled the soil. Almost for the asking, they secured title to their
land.
Today when land is acquired, no matter what size the track
it has become a custom to have a complete title abstract made
going back to the initial severance from the United States
Government. Only in this way is it possible to assure the p r o p
erty owner a flawless title.
In addition to the necessity of basic title research for eco-
lo-': reasons, there is a distinct historical interest in determin-
ng the very first owner of that certain tract of land in which
me is interested. Was the land originally a French, Spanish, or
'Presented before the Louisiana Historical Society on October 18, 1972.
*'Deputy Register of the State Land OIRct, Baton Rouge, La.
"'Landa Admlniatratar. State Land M $ e . Baton Rouge. La.
-
-
: ' 'Louisiana Historical Qucrrterly
British land grant? or perhaps, land given to a solitier for

service in one of the Indian Wars, or the War Betw~!en the
States? Could it have been land identified by early surveyors
as "worthless swamp" and now be the nucleus of an i: nmense
oil and gas field?
The answers to these and many other interesting q ~ ~ e s t i o n s
concern in^ Louisiana land titles could probably be found in the
volum.inous records on file in the State L a d Office of which
Ellen Bryan Moore is Register.
As many students of history are aware, land grants played a
very important part i n the. settlement of our entire nation.
Kinge and Emperors, in order to .encourage formation of colo-
nies in what is now the State of Louisiana, granted to their
favorite subjects as acts of reward and p:~tronage.I:irge tracts
of land usually along navigable streams. Consequently, today's
title researcher will find many thousands of acres of land orig-
inally covered by French, British, or Spanish land grants.
Perhaps one of the greatest real estate buys of all time w-
curred when the fledgling United States, in 1803, bought from
France some 544 million acres for the sum of 15 million dol-
lars. This tremendous territory, known as the famous Louisi-
ana Purchase, actually was acquired for approximately three
cents an acre. Thirteen states; in part or whole, have been
carved from this real estate transaction.
By Act of March 26, 1804. Congress divided the Louisiana
Purchase into two areas: the Territory of Louisiana, and the
Territory of Orleans.' The Territory of Louisiana covered the
area lying above the 33rd degree lat~tude,and the Territory of
Orleans covered that part of the Louisiana Purchase lying
below the 33rd degree latitude, or what is now, basically, the
present State of Louisiana.
The same Act of Congress further provided for the tem-
porary government of the territories with the executive 2ower
rested in a governor to be named by the President of the United
States, and legislative powers to be vested in the governor and
in "13 of the most fit and discreet persons of the territory," who
were also to be appointed by the President.
1 U. 9. Statute1 Val. 2, p. 288.
206
I H w t o ~ yof Land Titles
Pursuant to powers granted by the Act, the governor and

thirteen legislatonl, called the Legislative Council. divided the
area comprising the Territory of Orleans into twelve counties.'
These counties were de3ignated as Acadia. Attakapas. Concordia.
German Coast, Iberville. Lafourche. Natchitoches. Opelousas.
Orleans, Ouachita, Pointe Coupee, and Rapides.
In 1807, the territory was redivided into nineteen parishes.
The boundaries followed largely those used by the Spanish in
dividing the area for ecclesiastical purposes ( t h e name "parish"
is' elso of ecclesiastical origin).= The counties remained so
divided tor the purpose of certain elections and the imposition
of taxes. The Constitution of 1812. when Louisiana became a
state, referred to both "counties" i n d "parishes".' Gradually.
however, the term "county" w a s dropped and no reference is
made to it by thc Constitution of 1845 or subsequent constitu-
tions:' Today, Louisiana has 64 parishes.
I n order to allow individuals to have legal possession of their
lands or to acquire lands, a n Act of Congress of March 2, 1806,
set machinery in action to make this p ~ s s i b l e .First,
~ Congress
authorized the President to appoint district land registers whose
duties were to classify, arrange. and translate when necesaary.
papers and documents connected with private land claims.
A United States District Land Office was opened in New
Orleans for the eastern division of the Territory of Orleans; a
land office a t Opelousas for the western division of the Territory
of Orleans.: Later, a s a convenience to local inhabitants, addi-
tional land districts were created, namely: Ouachita, Natchi-
toches, and Greensburg.& These land districts are Lo this day
used in identifying lands by districts within the present State
of Louisiana.
The second important step taken by Congress under the A d
' Louiaians-A Nsrrative Hiatory. E. A. Dnvi., Chapter 15. A History

of Louirians-C. W. MeGinty. Chapter 14. Acta Legislati~e Council (Or-
leans Territory) 1st Session, p. 144.
3Acta Legislative Council (Orlenna Territarg) 2nd Session, p. 2.
' West's--Louisiana Constitution. Vol. 3, p. 611.
8 Ibid.. p. 524.
U. S.Statuka. Val. 2. p. 324.
' Ibid., p. 662.
8 Ibid., Val. 6, p. 287.
-
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES... .. .-
-
Louisiana Hiato&.aL Q~lurrterly
of Xarch 2, 1805, was to appoint a board of commissioner

comprising a register and two other persons; and provide1
that inhabitants holding a French. British, or Spanish gram
had to appear before this board with witnesses and affidavits
to certify that the grant they held was fully legal. If the grant
was approved by the board, the approval was forwarded to
Washington.
The third and estremely important phase ,of the 1805 Act
directed the Surveyor General of the United States to send
surveyors into the Territory of Orleans to establish a system
of sub-dividing the vacant public lands.
United States surveyors by 1307 had established a "principal
meridian" and a "baje line." T h c establishment of a l:ase line.
was relatively easy as the 3~1rveycr.9needed only to extend west-
wardly a previonsly surveyed line s'ettlng the southern bout;dary
of the Territory of Mississippi between Mississippi and Spanish
Western Florida. The principal meridian running north and
south from the base line was established approximately in the
center of the territory.
Monuments were then set every six miles on the principal
meridan and base line-North, South. East and West. These
were to be used as main points in establishing later surveys.
The method of surveyin;: used in the Territory of Orleans had
been adopted on May 7. 1784, by a special committee appointed
by the Continental Congress under the chairmanship of Thomas
Jefferson.lo
This system initiated the method of laying out a square six
miles long and six miles wide, and re-subdividing this square
into 36 sections with each section being one mile square can-
taining 640 acres. Each section was numbered, beginning a t the
top row of the township, from 1 to 36 running east to west.
thence in the second row west to east, etc.
Many townships contain more than 36 sections. The Surveyor
General instructed his deputies to survey river lots or radiating
sections along navigable water bodies before dividing and sur-
veying the township into square sections. This resulted in many
Survey n o t e d o h n Coak, Jan. 15,1807, Land Omce rscords.

'0Manu.l of Surveying Instructions isnued by Gencml Land Ofice,
Washington. D.C..Aed in Land Omce record..
208
radiating sections usually measuring six to twelve arpents wide

and forty arpents deep.
Certain townships, where several navigable rivers and streams
a r e found, consist of as many as 125 sections." Streams were
used as public highways thus resulting in river frontage be-
coming more desirable.
Surveyors were further instructed to plot all approved private
grants within a township before plotting vacant public lands.
These private grants had not been laid out into sections or
within a section; but holders of most grants had private sur-
veyors stake out their claim using natural bearings such a s
rivers, streams, trees, or perhaps neighbors. Consequently, bona -
fide grants were thus recognized by the Federal Surveyors and
the claim thence placed on the official township plat numbered
and catalogued.
Incidentally, not all townships within the present State of
Louisiana a r e completely surveyed. Township lines running
north and south of the base line, and range lines running east
and west of the meridian line were established; but numerous
townships in our lower marsh lands to this date have never
' been re-subdivided into sections. Drawings, or penciled charts,
were made on paper laying out 36 sectiona, but no actual ground
aurvey has yet been made.
The next and most important phase in our history is Lou-
isiana's admission into the Union in 1812." The same area which
was the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana
with the addition of the Florida Parishes. By 1812, already some
26 counties or parishes had been created, and our great State
boasted a population of some 76,556 citizens." Compared with
the 544 million acres in the Louisiana Purchase, the new State
of Louisiana covered approximately 2'7,785,000 acres of land.
and 3,269,000 acres of streams, lakes a n d rivers.
Of extreme importance in land title work is the fact that
when Louisiana became a State iri 1812, not one acre of land
was in its name. By virtue of inherent sovereignty, title to the
beds and bottoms of all navigable waters set aside as public
1' Plat of T 7 S,R 8 E. S.E. Land District, 1831.

'2 U. 9.Statutes,Vol. 2, p. 701.
la A Histow of Louisiana-G. W. hfkinty, Chapter IS.
- -- - - -
highways by Act of Congress of February 15, 1811, inured to

the State-but not one acre of land."
Basic severance of title had to emanate from the United
States Government. Various Congressional Acts enabled either
private citizens or the State of Loui.;iar,a to acquire title to
Federal lands. These Acts comprise the backbone of the history
of land titles in Louisiana.
The validation of lawful land claims drew the d r y immediate
interest of Congress, as the Act of March 26, 1804 (previously
mentioned), in addition to creating the Territory of Orleans.
also provided that land grants to actual settlers, made agree-
able to the proper laws, usages, and customs, would be ac-
cepted a s bona fide g r a n t s It further provided that the Prcsi-
dent was authorized to enter into certain agreements with
Indian tribes claiming and living on lands in the Territory of
Orleans.
The acquisition of lands by direct purchase from the United
States had been previously made possible for the sale of lands
in the Territory of Mississippi.16 An Act of Congress on April
21. 1806, extended this right to lands in the Territory of Or-
leans.'" This Act stipulated the manner and terms upon which
lands were to be sold to the public.
Provisions of this samp Act of April 21, 1806, as amended
February 15, 1811, set :lside the 16th section of every town-
ship for schools. If the 16th section in a township did not com-
prise 640 acres; due perhaps to a navigable water body or an
approved private land grant covering a portion of that 16th
section, indemnity lands were granted to make up for the loss
of acreage.' These indemnity school lands did not have to be
located within that township where the loss occurred but could
be placed on any Federal lands within the State of Louisiana.
An Act of Congress of March 3, 1811, gave "preference
rights" to any individual purchasing vacant land and who held
a valid grant bordering on a navigable river or stream. This
right was limited to the acquisition of an adjoining tract not to
1' U. 9. Sktutea, Vol. 2. p. 617.
Ibid, pp. 73, 229.
'1 Ibid.. p. 391.
1' Ibid.. Vol. 4, p. 179.
H i a t o q ~of Land Titles
exceed 40 arpents in the rear of the approved grant or claim.

"Presmption rights" were also given those individuals who had
habitated and cultivated vacant lands not under private claim.''
The Seminary of Learning Act of March 3. 1827, granted
Louisiana the right to select title to two entire townships (ap-
proximately 46,000 acres) of vacant Federal lands." When the
location was made, title was to be vested in the State for use
towards the establishment of seminaries of learning as directed
by the State Legislature.
Under Act of September 4 of 1841. Congress granted Lou-
isiana the right to select title to some 500,000 acres of vacant
Federal land under an Internal Improvement program."' The
State could sell such lands for not less than $1.25 per acre and
use the revenues therefrom to dig canals, build roads, and thus
encourage settlers to move into the State.
The Act further stipulated that the selection and disposal
of these lands were to be under the direction of the State Legis-
lature. Consequently, by Legislative Act of March 25, 1844. a
land office was created by the State of Louisiana with the
governor of Louisiana having the right to appoint a register.
Most states refer to their land office official as "Commissioner of
Public Lands", however, in the State of Louisiana, our top land
official, elected by the people, is the "Register of the State Land
Office".
The United States Military Bounty Lands Act of February
11, 1847, as later amended, permitted officers and soldiers of the
War of 1812, any Indian Wars between 1690 and 1850, and the
War with Mexico, to select title to vacant landa up to 160 acres
wherever they so desired.?'
Louisiana also had military bounty lands acts whereby v e t
erans of the War between the States or their widows were al-
lowed to select title to State lands up to 160 acres. This privilege
was confined to Confederate veterans only."
" Ibid., Vol. 2, p. 862; Ibid., Val. 3, p. 122; Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 634.
I* Ibid.. Vol. 4, p. 244.
10 Ibid.. Vol. 6, p. 483.
" Ibid.. Vol. 9. p. 123.
11 Loulrirna Legislative Acts 96 ofj884; 116 of 1886; 122 of 1888; and
55 of 1898.
Louisiana Huton'cul QuarterIy

As mentioned earlier, titles to many thousands of acres ema-
nated not only from French, British, or Spanish grants, but
also from title to lands granted to Indian tribes. These tribes
were either given out-right title to lands claimed, or were given
script which they could use to locate lands, or sell the script to
incoming settlers.
Other interesting original titles indicate numerous naval re-
servationa throughout Louisiana where an abundance of live
oaks existed.%' The lumber from this type of tree was preferred
in building ships of that era. Certain areas for military reserva-
tions'along the lower coast of Louisiana were also set aside by
the Federal Government.2' However, over a period of years
almost all naval and military reservations were abolished and
the lands were sold to private individuals.
In order to encourage the building of railroads in Louisiana.
the Federal Government granted some one million acres of land
to three railroad companies with the provision that railroad
facilities must be constructed by a given date.16 Records on
file in the State Land Office reveal that two companies did com-
plete the building of railroads, although one company did not
complete ita assignment, and the lands were reconveyed to the
United Stntes Government.
In doing title abstract work today, one will find that during
the era from 1812 to 1845, often some 50 to 80 (in one particular
case over 100). citizens banded together to buy perhaps one
ten-acre tract of land from the United States." Immediately.
one wonders why. Minerals were not the queation-it could not
have been the need for timber, because timber was available in
great abundance. Then, as now, voting regulations had to be
considered. Louisiana's first Constitution required that in order
to vote, a peraon had to be a free white male who had attained
the age of 21 and had purchased land from the United States.
We And that our next Constitutional Convention and the ensu-
ing Constitution of 1846 eliminated the property restriction in
voting.
2' Presfdent'n Proelamrt(on of Feb. 29, 1820, Land Ofice recorda; U. S.
Statutes, Vol. 5. 611.
24 Executive Order, March 25, 1844, Land Oficc recordn.
u. 5. ShtIlrC~.VO~.11. D. 18.
I EMPRESS VERDIACEE.
For T.ouisiana, perhaps the greatest t ~ t l e transfers o t ali

were the Swamp Land Grant Acts of 1849 and 1850 which au-
..
thorized the State to select and request title to any vacant public
lands that were "swampy" in character and nature.=' Con-
sequently, from that period to the present time, title was con-
veyed to some ten million acres of ywamy lands.18
The Federal Government, by Legislative Act of May 20, 1862,
allowed a person who was the head of a family, or 21 years of
age, the right to homestead up to 160 acres.2s Federal Ian&
are still available for homesteading in western states but not
in Louisiana. Various state legislative acts allowed Louisiana
citizens the right to homestead up to 160 acres of State landa;
however, all homesteads were stopped in 1962 due to a lack of
available land.'O
The majority of swamp lands selected from the United States
Government by the State of Louisiana were either sold to pri-
vate individuals or transferred to levee boards created in varioua
parts of the State.3' These levee boards, in turn, could sell lands
or t ~ m b e rto private citizens and use the revenue therefrom
to build levees, roads, and canals to encourage settlers into the
area.
It is important to remember that there is a beginning, or a
source of title, for every acre of land in Louisiana. There ia no
such category as "loat land". Land may have been dropped from
assessment rolls, but the State Land Omce has on record that
very first aeverance of e;ery acre.
Title to all property must have emanated from the Federal
Government-title from the Federal Gvernment must be in
some written form. In case of swamp land grants or other
similar acts, the State must request title by filing a "selection"
of desired lands and the Federal Government conveya title by
an "approval" list. Such selection and approval Lists a r e on
file in the Land Omce. If Ian& were sold directly by the Federal
Government to an individual, such evidence of bale ia a b o on
N e in the Land Ofaca
1' U. 9. Statutes, VoL 0,
pp. 362.619.
'1 Biennial Report, 1988-80, p. @. S t a b Land Omea
1 9 U. S. Statutes, VOI.12, p. a=.
'O Concurrent RMluHona. No. 64 of 196.2, L o u i s h Le&latrm
' 1 L R. 9. 88:281, et q.
Located in t h e State Land and Natural Zr303~rcesQuilding

in Baton Rouge, t h e State Land Office has on file all of the
original and official field notes, survey plats and maps that
were made by the early Cnited States -land surveyors. In order
to determine whether or not a river o r a stream was navigable
and state-owned when Louisiana became a State, one needs only
t o refer to the official township plats.
The truly remarkable aspect of early plats ig their amazing
accuracy when one considers the primitive conditions under
which the surveys were made. Many early surveyors came down
the Mississippi River by barges and started their work a t pre-
determined points. Using the most basic of surveying instru-
ments, one cannot help but marvel a t the accuracy .of the work
performed by Lhe surveyors.
Modern-day marsh area sportsmen, however, could sympathize
with the surveyor of some 150 years ago. A drawing in an ori-
ginal field notebook in the State Land Office depicts a man sit-
ting on a stump holding a jug in his hand with the inscription
"Now here I am, but where in the hell am I?" J 2
When the Territory of Orleans was first created, a Federal
Surveyor was appointed for the area south of the State of Ten-
nessee which included the Territory of Orleans. This surveyor
engaged other surveyors as his deputies and was the officer t o
authenticate the township plats. The United States Surveyor
General opened a n office in Donaldsonville. Louisiana in 1831,
which then became headqlrarters for all local surveyors.'.' I n
1865, a t the end of the Civil War, this office was moved to New
Orleans, and in 1910 it was abolished. The State Land Office
was then given all of the survey notes and plats that had pre-
viously been on file in the Surveyor General's Office.=*
The Federal district registers created by the March 2. 1805
Act were later all consolidated into one ofice, and in 1927 that
office was closed and all of their records were given to the
State Land Offi~e..'~
We find, therefore, many records on file in the Land Office
a? Field Notes. Thomu Bilbo, S.W.Land District,

" U. S. Statutes. VoI. 4, p. 492.
'4 Act 6 of 1910-Louisiana Legislsture.
8 , Act 183 of 1928-Louisiana kgidaturc.
History of Land Titles
that will be of interest in title research; not only field survey

notes and township plats, but Government tract books and
State tract books showing entries of land by description, dates,
and names of patentees; whether land was approved to the
State as swamp lands under the Swamp Land Acts of 1849 and
1860, under school grants, or other Congr~.ssional Acts. On file
are copies of patents issued by the State and various original
documents, applications, receipts, and certificates originating
under the French, Spanish or-British Governments.
Another form of title which is common is tax adjudicated
lands." Briefly, upon failure to pay annual taxes to the sheriff
or the Lnx collector, property is seized and offered for sale by
the sherifI on the courthouse steps. Anyone can buy this prop-
erty for taxes due. Should the property not be bought a t the
sheriff's sale, it is then sold or adjudicated to the State. Title
is retained by the State until the property is redeemed, or, if
not redeemed a t the end of three years, the property can then
be put up for sale. A sale is processed by the State Land Oflice
and sold by the sheriff of the parish wherein the land is located.
Mineral rights on property so sold are retained by the state in
perpetuity."
The granting of rights of way across and through State owned
properties and all navigable water bottoms is the responsibility
of the State Land Office." Should a pipeline cross lands under
the jurisdiction of another State agency, such as the State De-
partment of Wild Life' and Fisheries, then approval must be
secured from such agency before final consent is given by State
officials.
The State Land Office has among its many records a collec-
tion of original material that is of inestimable value and in-
terest of original material of genealogy. The Tract Book indices
on file will lead to the location of the lands aettled by our fore-
fathers, and lists not only those who claimed land from British,
French, and Spanish grants, but those who homesteaded and
purchased tracts from the United States and State Governments.
In previous articles written by this writer-the first of which
'0 L. R. S. 41:2188.
4, 9.c.2.
''Louisiana Constitution of 1921-Act
L. R. 8. 41:1113.
Louisiana HLtorical Quarterly
wss published in the "Louisiana Engineer" in 1968, and also

in the "Right of Way" in the same year-Louisiana land title8
and laws affecting public lands were discussed at 1ength.JO
It is of great importance for every citizen to stay informed
of new laws dealing with our lands. I t is the writer's intention
to help you-the property owner-stay informed of existing
land laws.
*
8' Vol. MA, No. 1, p. 20 "Louldsna Enginear" Vol. 16, No. 6, p. 22

"Rlght of Way".
216
IS
C W ,,-,,",IT" .1U >YYIIRL *r 8 a-7..
MILE SWARE cuwm
AcnEs) %OWING RADIATING LOTS OR SECTION:
EACH SECTION
TOTAL ACREA d APPROX. 23.040.00 ACRES --BORDERING NAVIGABLE WATERS
N
MERIDIANS
The United States surveyed our land to steal it horn us.
4
!
'i
LAND TITLES
G+3-
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
I tg
I 1
lNDlVl DUALS
f h
I
STATE OF LOUISIANA
I
INDIVIDUALS SCHOOL BOARDS
t
I LEVEE BOARDS OTHER STATE AGENCIES
Afler the survey, theunited States set out to divide the cow, first to choice individuals,
then to commerce,the milroads, then the State of Louisiana, to its special interest
groups and school boards, levee boards, etc.
I
This never has been United States land. It's our land1
r
RRUFW OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
You have just read a State of Louisiana document Have you ever
witnessed such a lying document in your life? B was beyond my
imagination. What has been done here is the theft of an empire that
was black, legally so. All of the said purchase was the Neutral Stnip.
If you really want a good look at what the United States purchased in
the year of 1803 from France, you must take a trip to the city of New
Orleans and look at the streets, the military compounds and not the
- other grounds, as they have already been granted to others and it was
owned by the Ancient Ones. It has been preserved by God, who holds
the Supreme Plan of the universe. It remains a true fact that this land
has been held secure for a specific purpose. By divine power that is
not yet know to man.
"Let The Letters Jell The Treaty Tale!"
The Treaty
of l l ~ d r i d[ O c t ~ h c rI;. 1 7 9 5 ) \\-as t h e rcsulr, a i d in its _;;h
l ' h e kin^ 01 >pain :ip.ulatcs a n d agrees t o p e r m i t rhc pcvr,.

L't~i:e.i S t a t e s , f o r t h e rerrr, of t h r e e years, t o use t h e oo:r of S e a - Orlca:.s
ns z piace of d c ~ o r i tf o r their ~ r c d u c cand rncrcl~zndisc,a n d O! cx:o:t
r h e same f r r c from all d u t y o r c h a r ~ e excepc , a reasonable cons~Jcra<.:n
t o bc paid f a r storage a:id ottier iccidcntal expenses: t h z t tilc tern13 of
r t r c c ?cars cia!. b!. s u b s e q u e n t ncgotiatior.s, be exrcndc2:c:. insre;J of
t h a t tc,\\.;~, somc o t h e r p i n t in t h c island of Sen 0;;ear:r rha:l b c
2csign:ted a s a ?:ace o f deposit f o r the .A:nerican trzde.
T h e r e t r a s n o uniform concerning t h e n a v i g a ~ i o nof t h e river b>-

P.rnericanr. In 1 7 s ) t h e t r a d e r s wcrc a b i c t o go to LCHOr!eans, b c ~in
,784 t h e y could not. T h c n e x t y e a r rhc. r i ~ e was r open agaln.tor a i ~ t t \ c
timc and Lhcn Creoles a n d A m c r ~ c a n swcrc frequcntl!. ~mpriso;led
f c r vio!a:ion of n a ~ i p a t i o nordinances.
T h e Spanish oficials a t K c w Orleans wcrc nor a b o r c bribery a n 6
flr-o:c?. i:;Pi\.;:ualz a n o n p t h c w c r t c r n e r r m a d e l a r r c gains.'
8 car:,: A;, c; .:.,r, Tbc L . , > : : k , , d PA.-!..,:: ,,ti :h.t 1rc:::.0,i>!<!" /-: 'f5!ai<:;' ::
. . r.- 174
192+.,
224
He laid down four essential conditions of a treaty:
I . T h a t o u r southcrn b o u n d a r y rcmzin a: j~ icy:ces of l a r i t u d c o n

t h e Alississippi.
2. T h a t o u r right b c aclinolvledgcd of -ari_p;ting t h e ~ l i s r i s s i p p i in
. its
\vhole.brcadrh a n d Icngth, f r o m irs source t o the sea, as established b y
. -
t h e t r e a t y of 1761.
3. T h a t o u r vessels b e free from visirr. d u t y , o r incon\-cnici~cesin t h e
navieation of t h e river. ..
.+.-The right o f depositing o u r n1crchar:dise.
Jeeerson, the hrm friend clt t r a n c e a n d t h e
zealot pacifist, nlade t h e sacrifice of !;is perro'al conscieuic
for his country's good, a n d wrote t o Li\.irlgston (April IS,
1801) these epochal \vordr :l
T h e ccssiol~of Louisiana a n d :he Floridas b!- Spain t o Francc. works
most sorcly on t h e Uuite? S r a t e r . O n this subject t h c Sccrctary o! S t a t e
has u r i i t e o t o you full!-, y e t I cannot f o r b e a r r e r u r r i n s t o i t perion~ll!.,
so d c c p is r h e i x ~ p r e s s i o nit m a k e r on l r y mind. 1: C O ~ F ! C ~ C ~ ! .reverses all
t h e pclitical rel2:ions o f t h e UiiiteC S:;:es. a r d \rill form a new e?och in
c u r political course. . . . T h e r e is o n the =lobe o n e sineie ;?or, t ~ l epos-
sessor of \vhich is our n a t u r a l a n d habituzl cnerr.?. I t is S e . x Orleans,
t i r o u c h which ; h e produce of three-cipliti..s o! ovr rcrriro:y m u s t pass tr
tnarkcr, a:??, f r o m its fcrtiliry i t will e:c long >;el: E o r e t h a n h a l f o f o u r
uho!e producc. 2.1.2 c m t z i n mo:e thar, half a i o-r i:hi5ilrt1ts. France,
placine hcrsclf it! t h z t d o o r , a s r u n e s :.I us t 5 c zr:l:uie of ae6anc-s. . . .
T l i e d a y t h a t F r a n c e :akcs possession sf Sr.5 0rlc.i-s. Ercs t h e sentence .
\virii!, is t o restrain her forc.;cr rri!hil: hcr lc--i;hter mark. I t seals t h e
union o f t w o narions. w h o , i?. conjunctic:r, a n ntzint2in rrclurii-c
possersioa of t h e oceLn. F r o m t h ":omen:. ~ rr-c must m a r r y odrscl\.ei
t o t i ~ ck i t i s h fleet a n d nation. \\c must t u r p all ou: a:rcn:ioi: t o a inari-
rime forcc. for which o u r resources p!nce Kr o n very high g r o u n d ; a n 6
having fo:xcd a n d r o n n c c t c d 1.8;-ethr.r a pi.\s.er \.:hic'n m a y render rein-
forccmcn! of hcr s e t t l e m e n t s hcrr in;?osrib:c to France, m a k e rhe first
cannon which shall be fired in Europe t h c signal f o r r h e rearine u p an)-
settlement s h e m a y h a v c m a d e , a n d for holding rhc rwo ~ o n t i n c n t s , o f
America in s e q u e s t r ~ t i o nf o r t h e common purposes o f r h c L n i t e d B r ~ t ~ s h
a n d American narions.
On February 24, 1801,Jefferson \\.rc>tc t o Livingston offer-
illp l ~ i mt h c missic;~a s IIinistcr Ple:li~r.tentinryto France.
* ~ i ; i C? ~ ~ : : L ; ~~ r~i I,C I C : ~ ~ ~ ; ; O ZJ~?C:< .: ,:i: :.,::::; , v a ~i:.::u%tcJ b y J:<crsm :o
thr r:fi%>a! c u r i g ? of \I. D ~ p o n dt c S;mo~:s. to bc ir!ivi:cd 5!- ?.into l i r . Living%:on.
On Sept-mber g, 1801, t h e President adviscd h i n t h a t by

this post he would recsive his final ii~siructioi~s irom the
secretary of State. LI D c r e ~ i b e r L
, i \ . i ~ ? ~ s Ira. .. .
t ~ n in Paris.
.ind no,\ began tkz Iurles of letters from Robert 1.: J.:\.i:;g-
stonto R u f u s King, which form t h e b u r d e n p f this P P e r .
T h e letters, nostly .holograph, dcal ci~ieflywid-. ylvo sub-
iects, primarily, rhe ser:!ernent o i t h e question of American
to t h e free nayigation of t h e IIissiisippi a n d the ri611t
of deposit of merchandise in Louisihna, and secoajaril!., tile
inpending coiiflict between England and Frailce.
T h e imminence of war wrs ihe cause of ~apo!eoll'. neces-
and ma)- have effected Eng!andls friendly c o m ~ l a i s a n c e .
In probabl\. t h e first letter of Livin:ston to Ki::g. h e
wrote: Paris joth. Decernhe: iSoiV
A safe opportunity 01 I : . . offering: I will nlentlou rorne
circumstanccr reiativc to the state o! busincss here, on which I shall beg
to knots. your opiniofl and thcir cfTcct on the policy of B r i ~ a i nro far as
relatcs to the Unitcd States. .Alr.ong the objccti :hat ir-ocl3 rr.05: na-
turally cr:gage my artection 02 ny a:ri\.al, was the state of t h e rezotia-
:ion, bc:\veen Francr and Spain, regardine Louisianz--n.ith r vieiv if it
lljd I I O ~bccn concluded: upon, to throrv obs:acles i n rhc wry. 5; :=r 2s
it rvcul6 be ~di.antageouslydonc, o r if it hac! bcen e?ccte?: ro rr,zI.e some
such arrangements as \r.ould lessen the inccnwnicnces which n i g h t
rcs;xlt frcm it, roou; IVertern territory-I bvc'bo\\-ever reasox to thi;:k
the \vhole business had been rertled before my arri:.21. 1 tcak occ2rion '11
nr? fi.-s: private a d i e n c c of thc llinirtcr of Exterior Rel2:ior.s :3 press
I:in: directly on the subject raking the common re?orrs ;i a !ocr.'z:ion
for my inquiry. He e x ~ l i c i t l p?enicd that anprhin? had been cor,c!uded
t a t admitted that it had bcen a subjcct of converia:ion. I kno-.- hsu--
cver from a raricty of channels, that it is not a mcie matte: of cc2versa-
tion, b u that
~ the exchange has rctuallp been agrced upon. T h a t a a r t
of the armament dcstincd, in the Erst instance, fo: H l s p n ~ : c ! s is ro
proceed to Louisiana provided Tousrain: makes no objection. Gel,.
Collot xvhorn you may have scen in America was origir.ally i n t e r e d for
Govc;nor of t h a t provincc, but h c is a t present out o f favor. 1 think
i t probable t h e hlinistcr will justify h i r coniealmenr ro me b y its nor
having bccn dcfinitcly closed with Spain, as this, rho determined be:neen
' R o l ~ e n R. Livingston to R d i l Kir.:, Paris, Dcr. joth, I I ~ (A.L.5)-Di:!i
I :kr:a
Parrui:iar.r. L . A r n . .\lSS.\'-lo+g.
t h c two governn~ents,may form a n article in the gedcra! treaty. His

absencc (bcing a t Lyons) prevents m y c o m i n g t o something more ex-
plicit with him. T h a t Spain had made this cession (which contravenes
all hcr forrncr maxims of Policy) cannot be doubted, but she is no longc:
a frec agent.
I wish to know from you in a-hat light, this is seen b y England. I t will
certainly, in its consequences, be extremely dangerous to her as it will
give an almost unbounded power to her rival. I t puts Spain in a perpetual
s t a t e of Pupilage, since she must a l x a y s tremble for thc safety of hcr
colonies in case of a rupture-To avoid this cvil she must grant, even.
commercial and political advantage to Francc. Her manufactures wil;
find their way, through this channel, into cvery part of the Spanish terri-
tory to the exclusion of those of Britain--our own \\'cstern Territory.
may be rendered so dependent upon them, a s to promote their politics:
views, rvhile the interest they have alwa!.s nurtured x i t h t h e Indians
and thc national character o f - t h e peasantry of Canada, may render the
p o ~ e s s i o n sof Britain very prccarious-To say nothing of the danger
xvhlch must threaten her Islands in case a ~espcctablcestablishmen:
should be made b y France in Louisiana, rrhich will not fail to be the case.
as the territory is uncommonly fine and produccs Sugar and ever!- article
cultivated in the Islands-I suggest these hints t h a t they, with man!-
others which may occur to you, ma!- be made use of n-ith the Britis:
3Iiniitry t o induce them t o throxv all t h e obstacles in their pojrer i3.
the way of a final settlement i f it is not already too late. You knon. how-
ever the importanceof not appearing yourself or permitting me to appear
much opposed to it if you find the thing concluded. since it might be made
use of to embroil us with France and Britain rvill h a r e sufficient address
t o e n d e ~ r o rto keep a mutual jealous!., if possible between us.
On Januar!. 16, 1802, King \\.rote to Li\-inFston:I2
I c o n ~ e r s e dagain and agcin 1 4 t h the Prime llinisrer, and the Secrc-'
tar) of State for foreign affairs, concerning the cession of Loujsiarr
[i.e. the rerrocession by Spain t o Fraiice] who assured me t h a t the mea:-
ure \\as in their vie<\.of muck importance, and one which they couI,d not
see but with prcat concern: nevertheless t h a t they $\-ereunable to inter-
fere respecting it, for the samc reason which cornpellcd them to rilencp
concerning other important objects affecting the tquilibrium of Europc,
.
and the wclfare of Great Britain . . and !-ou may infer v i t h confidence
:hat not a word has been or will bc said upon the subject a t Amiens. . . .
An opinion gains strcngth t h a t a part of thc force, [which France ~ 2 s
aswrnbling to send t o America] should t h e s i t u a ~ i o nof St. Domingo per-
mit, ill bc sent t o xcrv Orleans. . . .
L'nless Spain is besotted and hlind indeed she must desire with anxie:?
t o aviil hcrseli o f ever!. assistar.rc t c get rid o f the ccssion o! Louiriari.
l l r . Pinkney [our l l i n i s i e r to Sjrainj has without doubt t ~ k e nth: c~:lii.i:
"Rufus Xi?: :? R. R. I.ivinprion. Lcn&n. Jan-ary 1 4 , 1Fo2 1A.L.S.)-Ti:r Sc\r. l'cm
Hiscoricrl Socirl>-. Rufus KinehlSS.. B.Y. fi jj. ,By pcrtnirriun o l thc Sv=ir:?)
I
opportunity t o explain t h e light in which t h e mcasurc isvie\ved bv us,

and he might with conEdcncc infcr t h c .disinclination respecting 'it of
Great Britain.
\Vhcthcr it can now bc prcvcntcd is a qucstion of c o n s i d c n b ! ~diffi-
: in \vha:crcr concerns the wclfarc of our country. we arc called
c u l t ~ but
upon el-en in circurnstacccs of dcspair t o perform the Duties of Hopc.
hly priiicipal reliance w o d d . I confess be piaccd upon a plain and csplicit
rcprcscntation to thc Frcnch Government which should expose without
rescrac, and if the first -Essay should acthorizc it, in grcat detail, t h c
cxtcnt of t h e mischiefs which \ve ma? be made to suffer from the comple-
tion of t h e ccssion; acconpanyine thc same by assurances of our carnest
dcsirc t o live in friendship and harmony with Francc, and to cultirate
and extcnd t h c commercial intercoursc bctrvccn thc two Countries, and
concluding with a direct insinuation that foreseei~~g as we do the pcrni-
cious influcncc of the rnczsure upon our political and social happiness, it
\vill bc impossible for us ro scc i t carried in:o operation with indific:ence.
or afterward t o prcscrvc unirnpairc? thc,confidcncc 5r.c tyish to rcporc in^
the fricndship of a Nation toxvards v:hich n-e desirc to cherish rhc grarcful
rcmcmbrancc oi important services.
If France 1-aluc our Frlcndshi:, o r if shc carc nothing about us. cxccpt
as her own intercst rcqui:cs. to prercnt our too intinlare conncxion x i r h
hcr Rival, t h e development, bcforchand, of which we bclicvc nil1 be the
consequence of measures in t h c accomplisbmcnt of which she is crgaged,
may havc the cffcct to prcvent them.
But 1 havc t o cntrcat your paidor, form)- suggestions on my part upon
subjccts which your supc:ior J u d p n c n t and c~perienccarc much more
c a p ~ b l cthan mine t o concuct.
To this LIr. Livingston replied:"

Paris q t h January 1302
I h a r e for somc time ;lastbeen favored with your letters of the Sth:
I ~ t h and
, 16th with t i c c ~ p h e 2nd
r have been \vaiting for an opportur;it:-
of replying to them.
0:)the subiect of Loui5iana I should bc oromutcd to uursue thc stcDs
you recommend, but f 3 r tbc fol1o~vir.gconsiderations-First, I harc. cvcr
sincc rny arrival. found titat this is a yer? favorirc objcct hcrc and that
from thc momcnt E g y p a.as lor: to thcm, t h c First Consul cast t,is cyes
uoon
~ r
rhis country as a scbstitutc for it. 1-ou x i l l the lcss wonder a t this
when you consider t h e actual state of things: Lltr approvr form ofgowrrn-
mrnt; Jomr hopr for r r s t ~ r a t i a/ ~ , ~monarchy; gor.rrnnirnt, though nation
apprarr to rnjoy quirt, mGrn with utmost ca:rtion; rhry dart not impcrt n r z
mxrs, or lrrsrn thrir r r p r c s r s ; trrasury i~ rrhausrrd, to maintain tkr good
r i l l of thr a r m y , sooth thr discor.:rn:rd mrn o j a l l partirs is thr grrat f ~ r h -
" I.i,..inpton to Kizg, 2: ]a:m~ '$3: !.\.L.S.)-Bibli~thcca Parmnizna. La. h m .
I S .I The cord5 i n i..alic: i-r LiviaFs:,n Lcttcrs i r e i n &:her; , r a e feu.
a:,rdr arc i n d c c i r t r r l ! ~;;ld i:c iriic:<cd k: '". Thr irrtrcccr i n L.:rc:rrr ;;c $ 1 ; ~ -
=2r;c, of p2rrinos of I ~ I:=! c
thr ruprrior falrnu a n d :opularify af thc First Conrul] I n this state of thc
body politic the first objc,t is t o open a door for thc discharge of prcscnt
humors-Louisiana is represented as anothcr P a r a d i s t t h e grant of
lands and places these will tempt many who would bc dangerous here to.
bur)- their consequence in that boundlcss wilderness; Again by possess-
ing Louisiana they hope to have such an interest with o u t [Vestern
country as t o hold a rod ovcr us, Canada, and Spain.
T h e y contemplate in t h e possession of t h e mouth of the bfississippi, a
sovereign control over t h e Western Waters. They believe t h a t through
this channel they will introduce Frcnch fabrics into evcry part of the
Lnitcd States and a t one timc lists of goods for that purpose wcre
actually prepared a copy of which I have seen. T h e y urge many other
-
reasons but a t Dresent the first is in thc vicw of the aovcrnmcnt b y much
the most impo;tant.
I haor hinrrd o f o n inclinofion 10 burcharr W z s t Florida bv, a 'pavmrnl
, to
thrir R m t r i r o n crrdilors: bur theyXshow no disposition t o catch a t the
idca much as they want, money and. to get rid of drmands t h a t slarr
rhrnt in f h r j a r r a t evcry turn. I a m therefore satisfied that n o argument
wc can use will be of the least use on the subject.
And t h e end of t h e letter (except last sentence) :
I sincerely lament with you the death of young Hamilton and t h e more
in t h a t it originated in the unhappy party spirit which has too long
disturbed rhc peacc of our rocietics.
Livingston urged t h a t King press England to bring u p t h e
question of the cession of Louisiana a t t h e peace negotiations
a t Amiens.
Paris io hfarch 1 8 0 2 ' ~
[Most anxious about delay in definitive treaty (Amiens).]
It is certain t h a t France has rendcrcd B r i ~ a i nn t i ~ l r r r so j thr ntgofia-
riow by ,tripping hrrrrlj o j k r r p r r l and a large army both o f which ilr
in some sort a t thr m r r c y of England.
Should a ruvture happen after the promises of peacc which have been
held out here 2nd the avidity with which they havc bccn received 11 ir
impossible to for trll what ntighf br rhr r f t c ~ rof the r r p i o ~ i o nand this 1
belicve is so well known here t h a t I think so much a s is necessary t o t h e
3 t ~ U r i t yo f thr Britirh rolonirs m a y bc sn/tly * ' would nqt br rrjuscd.
If Louisiana gocs into thc hands of Francc without any explanations
on t h c part of her govcrnmcnt t o us (and thcsc I havc not bccn able to
obtain t h o 1 have rcpcatedly pressed for them b o t h verbally and b y
note) on the subjcct either of her boundar). or t h e navieation of the
Llississippi, it is impossiblc to sce the extent of thc power shc will havc
in and ovcr America. As part of the territory of Spain, Louisnna has n o
precise boundary so that is easy t o foresee t h e fate of hlexico--especially
when it is considcrcd thar Gen'l. Bernadotte who is ma:i;ed for this
expedition has dcmandcd i t is s i i d a large body of men. Britain v i l l
judge how far she =,ill be able to contcnd with France en5ched b~ t h e
treasures.$! Spain. T h e b o u n l a r ) between Louisiana and Canada
is ilm unnretrled, t h e disposition of preat p a r t of t h a t count? is friendly
to the French, h e i r influcncc - v r r h e i n d b n aiber has alxa).s been a n d
rvgl a g a i n h e much great< Flthanollat ot the British. . . .
I t is impossible t o say what their influence m a ~ b c l p o nour \Vestern
Country in case of a controversy wirh Great Britain-pa:ticclarl)- if t h e y
keep t h e keys of i t b y possessing the mouth of the 3lis:irsi:pi o r invite
their aid in the plundcr of hlexiso-that t h e porsession of r3at country
aided b y the power of France in Europe will draw l i t e r it t h a t of t h e
Islands is easily foreseen.
I mention these circumstances to you tho' I know the!- noulrl hardly
escape you, as hints t h a t you rnay use with advantage t o i:.troducc this
business a t Amiens-you well know how to give them additional \\,eight-
nor is t h e right o f Britain t o inreyfere usfounded-by t h e 6:h .\rticle o +
the treaty with us of 177s they absolurely renounce all righ: ta take undei
any circumstances anv. wart . o f the country. .possessed then or before b y
~ r i r a i non that continent. . . .
If any opening is given for pressing the business a t .\mlcrr. of Louisi-
ana, I will meet you there a t a n y rime you shall appoint-to forward ir.
Air. King wrote on M a r c h 23, 1802:

London \larch r], ISO?''
[Further observation on cession of Louisiana taken ir. connection
with expedition t o St. Donringo.]
T h e sole questions which remain are, Can the Expedition be prevented;
and if not, how should we treat it. Perhaps the only unco~.nectcdand
separate means of prevention in cur Porver, are Iron and Gcld.
[ H c says the first of these reatons (force) rnay a t once be put asidc.
M'e may acquirc Louisiana and tt.e Floridas and be p:epare: to dcfend
them with arms in our hands, if necessary, as we should bs t o defend
C h ~ r l c s r o n ,S e w York, or Xen;nrt. Bur shall \re be \ r i : : i n ~ to pay
down a sum large enough to acq,;ire them.]
A largc sum of Money xill alone procurc it. S o set of cl-ims: no bal-
ancing of accounts; no prospect, of future advantage, a-ill havc an) bene-
ficial inRuencc in our favour;-it must be actual money, and a great deal
of it, which can serve our purpose. Great a s the benefit would be to u3; of
uniting t o our Territories Kcw Orlcans, with thc cntirc left B a n k of t h e
Mississippi and extending o u r Southern ironticr t o the Ocean, I confess,
t h a t 1 sce little in the Prir.ciples 1.i which we profess to devote oursclvcs,
and by which our affairs arc t o be regulated which authorirer us t o exgect
t h a t a measure c.f such magnitude. a n d which n.ould impose immediate
and considerable burthens upon ourPeople, would be likely to be rcccivcd

with favour.. . .
I f we can succeed b y neither of rhcse means.. . .
Is it too 1-isionary a Speculation for us to'think of obtaining t h e cession
of New Orleans and t h e Floridas from France, by assisting her to obtain
t h e Supplies shc n a n t s for her Fleet and army in the\Vcst Indies! Or is
there a n y thing in thc nature of t h e war, that should restrain us frorn
doing so?
A projcct o f this sort nrould dcserx-c t o be received with favour a t
hladrid; as it offers thc only means of sparing t h e Spanish Trcasurc in
America, and prer-enting a-hat must there, as elsewherc, be the subject of
apprehension, I mean, the occupation of Louisiana by France. T o the
French too holds forth the means of immediate and important relief in
circumstances of dificulty.
[The consequences of t h e cession of Lauisiana wcre fully explained
and pressed to the English beforc a n d since meeting for Preliminaries o'
Peace o f Amiens, h u t the answcr uniformly the samc and] gives us not
the slightest occasion to l p p e :\-cn t h a t anything has been or will be
done concerning it a t h ~ . therefore depend upon ourselves.
JrJc must
1 would lose no timc in tclling France our apprehensions, a t the samc
time t h a t I assure her of our earnest desire to livc in harmony and friend-
ship. I ~vouldinform our people t h a t 1 h a w done so, and I would morc-
over endeavor by all justifiable mcans t o familiarize them rvith those
mcasures to which the defense of the public wellare may compel us to
resort. T h e T r u t h should not bc disguised from ourselves or others rhat
we are t h e first power in our civn Hemisphere, and rhat we are dis.
inclined to perform t h e part of thc sccond. J
[Statement of this sort openl!. made \\-ill check measures to dividc c s
from whatever quarter they may proceed.]
Several letters of Livingston to King follow.

Paris 27 [ z ~ s t hlarch
] 18oi"
T h e turn that things have taken will 1 fear put it out of your power to
create the alarm I wished on rhe side of Louisiana, a n d the navigation of
the ilississippi, which i t will be important to us t o interest Britain In, 11
France possesses the mocth of ihc river; since it will be a great obstaclc
t o their shutting it up, and to their scheme of making S c u . Orleans the
Entrepot for all the \\'estern country.
.
T h e report here is that a\\ is setrlcd. . . Should it be othcrwisc, I will
.cndcavor to make the necessary arrar~gementswith your concurrence for
t h e security of our navigation.
[Speaks about the necejsity of supply b y France in the JVest Indies-
T h e claims of U.S. on subjcct of dcbts and prizcs bcing pressed.]
On Louisiana I can obtain no answcr as yet under pretence, t h a t thcy
havc ncvcr acknowledged their having made any treaty relativc t o it.
" LivinEtton lo L i ~ g Par;!.
, 2 7 >la?cit, 160: :.\.L.S.)-Bib!ic:hc<a P~rronirnr.La.Am.
1ISS. v-mj,.
I
, RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
10 April I SOZI'
hIv views of t h c imoortance of Louisiana are c ~ a c t l vsimilar ,- - ~ -
to vours
and ;hey !cad mc mo; and more (o regret t h r loss of ;hat treaty which
secured it from ever passing into t h e hands of France. T h e y rvould
also lead me to any measure which afforded the smallest prospect o f
preventing it. But this business has been long slncc settled bctwecn
France and Spain, and I have reason t o think that our pertinacious
rcfusal t o renew t h e former treaty cntcred deeply into the measure.
You seem to think that one or other of the means you mention [gold
2 n d iron] might havc a tendenc:. t o prevent it-but how in our present
situation are either to be brought into operation. There are invi;iciblc
objections t o both ,in the form of our governmenirand our political
relations. Should we attempt t o purchasc, xhich as you say could
only be madc b y a large sum of money, ivould the Iliddic and Eastern
States submit t o be tared for what the) ~vouldcall the exclusive in-
terests of thc southern ones? Or would a southern President dare t o
risk thc odium of i t ? Besides I am well persuaded t h a t such is thc ligh
in which this object is viewed b y the first Consul that no sum we coula
afiord t o give would be accepted. I have gone much farther in my offers
than my instructions will justify and farrhcr than I shall think it prudent
t o have lrnorvn [gone] since t h e offcr has been rejected.
T o justify the other r e should first havc some pretense, but what ha\-c
we to complain of a t an exchange of territory bctwecn two independent
sovereigns, provided it extends thc rights of neither against us and both
pro!ess to bc our friends.
On thc subject of supplics I have madc them a vcry tempting offcr
without e5ccr. [Treated well, replics to all his demands on eve;? other
subject;] yet on this, I can get n o formal reply to any application: nor
shall I, until they have actually takcn posncssion: for which purpose an
armament is now fitting our and will sail dfrcctly for it, unless t h e s t a t e
of affairs in S:. Domingo should change their destination.. . .
S o t h i n g hcrc is talkcd of.but t h e concordat and the rcturn of religion.
T h e Cardinal Legate made his public c n t F ycsterdap and I shall not be
surprised if thc pendulum should now vibrate 2s far towards enthusiasm
as it has dsne towards infidelity and atheism.
1 9 April 1902''
[Speaks of dctcntion of our vesscls a t St. Domingo.]
I havc hitherto been left to act entircly alonc not having had a single
Iinc from thc Government o r Sccrctarv o f Statc sincc thc datc of 20th
Dec. last tho' I havc askcd their advice upon very delicate points. . . .
Mr. Pinckncy writcs mc t h a t he has proposed to thc Spanish Govern-
ment thc purchase of the Floridas. I a m sorry for it bccausc there is n o
u L i \ i n ~ s t o nLa King, Pa!i$, 30 :\pril, !b3: [.\.L.S.,-Bib!i?thcc~ ~ a r k n i a n a ,La. .A>.
3ISS. v4c.5,.
'' Lirir.;rlon to Kin,. Paris, 19 April, 18oz-Dihliurhecr Parsonirna, La. .Am. .\lSj.
v-10j:.
J U ~ t h a t they have disposed of them t o France a n d o i this it would

have been best t h a t he should not have appeared t o be ignorant bcsidcs
the more vaiue x e appear t o attach t o them t h e more highly they will be
prized here.
[Prcrent armament much stronger t h a n I think necessar). y e t I a m not
.v;thout expectation t h a t it may b e found necessary to change theil
destination.]
T h e papers will show you t h a t we a r e all engaged here in the reestab-
lishment of the church.
Paris 10 >fa? 1802"
[Difficulty of acting without advices for people a t a distance of. jooo
miles (refers to representation as t o s t a t e of purchasing cargo from
Unired States ships a t St. Domingo payable three-quarters in bills).]
T h e project for taking immediate possession of Louisiana is by nG
means abandoned nor will anything prererit it but very extraordinar\-
reverses in St. Domingo.
T h e troops from Italy are t o be embarked in the hlediterranear,
probably a t t h e expcnse of the Italian States and are, as is said, to proceed
to SI.Domingo don't hoxtvtr br ~ u r p r i r t dij iht? soil Eart i n r v a d .
Should this be the case it may give us a reprieve and,thir only will d o so.
3la:ters are now in such a State t h a t this business of Louisiana no longer
depends upon negotiations. Accident here and vigor a t home can alone
prcvent our country from feeling a t n o distant d a y the restraints and
jealousies t h a t arise betrr-een pon-erful neighbors.
[The tribunes voted Napoleon distinguished honors; thought a prc-
lude to declaring him emperor for life; t h e senate proposed that con-
sular dignity be continued t o him for life: this was unexpectedly ar.d
violently opposrd by some members, modified to give the consulate for
l o yenrs t o him: it is suprased the first Consul will refuse to accept this:
the Consul is too popular to dread a n y attack. bl;t once-] thedagger of
the assassin is however perpetually suspended over his head [-no one
or body of men able to take his
Paris J u n e 6, 1802''
)'esterday received !-ours of j t h .
[Dir'approves of] payment into Pichon's hands of the money raised :O
fulfill the trcaty.
This is a critical moment \vith. us
~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~~ - a n d rhc want, o f t h e arman;rnt in the
Irlands will plead more for ur than a thousand acts o f generosity.
Taleyrand told me yesterday that the first Consul had ordered m y no!e
t o be put into the hands of the counsellor of Statc-Fleurian-Thf fact is,
it is one that rhcv know not horv t o anr\\.er, since it will admtt of no
evasion-as to in.!.:clf I ain particularly trill treated a n d my notes
l.i,i~>ystonto Kinp, Pari:, ( 3 \ l a y , 1s: (,\,L.S.;-EibIioth~~a Pa:s:niza~, La. Am.
\l.<5 S-,o:6.
'I Li%inprt,ln to Kin:, Paris, June 8, il3:-Bib:i>t::rca Parsonirnn, La. Am. hlSS.
S-,059.
ansacred while those of Denmark, Sn-cdcn, arc entirely unnoticcd thry

c a n t u s and can do without thrm.
I h a r e a lettcr from K e n York of zz -4pril . . . b u t as it is from a lady ir
may not be \.cry corrccr:
"The affairs of St. Domingo t a k c u p much of our attention. LeClerc
has not yet learned t o fight i h c blacks-who contcnd with him in t h e
nianncr of our sa\-ages. much blood has becn shed, neither side bur)- their
dcad, and diseases folloa the army. Our pcople complain hcaviiy So o:
our rcssels are there cmbargoed-Lear is coming away not wc:l satis-
ficd."
T h e troops in Italy are embarked as is is said, dertincd for St. Dc-
mingo. 5
Bcrnadotte has agreed to go t o Louisiana.
[Gndcrstands from corrcspondcncc with Spanish minister and from Adit
-
that the hlcd~rcrrancancourts a r e n o t aerced a s to the inclu~ionof t h e
Floridas in thc cessions.]
Insisted with Tallrvralid uoon a full cxolanation of their intentions
relativc t o that counr;y founding my drma,Ad upon our ii,-ht, under t h e
Spanish trtary-hc has promised m e t h a t on the arrival of \ l r . O t t o
arrangements on this subject shall b e rakcn between us.
Still am without instructions-but act till 1 havc them.
I should drrad a quarrr! b u t I should drrad still more a dtgradrd
submission.
[I am planning a visit to Holland and hope t o mcet you.]
Paris June, l.Sozls
[Yours of 18th June with enclosurcs rcc'd.]
IHarc rcad them with attention and reluctantly burned rhCrn as per
your command.]
iI havc manv thinas - t o say. t o you
. on this imoortant subicct which I
m i s t defer until some safe conveyance ofiers.]
[Bernadotte yesterday declined command of assignment ior Louisiana
hIr. Talleyrand indisposed, this has put back my busincss somc days.]
[Offer congratulations to King for his treaty with Enpland. France
just concluded advantageous treaty wi:h Turks by which shc gets frce
navigation of Black Sea from rvhence shc may cheaplr - \coed and
. . act
naval stores.]
I beg thc favor t h a t you purchase for mc a ticket it1 thc State Lottcry
and rctain it in your hands transmitting me the number.
Paris 3 I Junc, 1Soz9
I wrotc a hasty letter to you ycsrcrday, acknowledging rcceipt of
yours and informing you that I had complied with your rcquest with
regard to the enclosures.
L i v i n ~ t o n to King. Paris. June, 1 8 ~ ~ - B i j : i o ~ h v c aP;rm=iana, La. A m . >:SS.
v-1o;a.
'Livins,i:: la fiinp. P z r i r , ]! ( s i c !.:rc, 18;:-K.>!io~i>cca Pi:?n:i:.:r, La .ins. hIlS.
v-lo*
treat with m e on this and a variety of subjects-as his health is such as

t o make it necessary for him t o go to drink t h e u.atcrs a n d of course t o
delay and obstruct our business.. . .
T h e people of Francc may b c (and 1 bclie1-c arc) happy b a t they never
will be j r c r .
M r . King again took u p the question of the Floridas, in

connection with Louisiana:
London July 12, 1602"
[.4t bottom of page:]
Copy of No. 66 (with its enclosures) t o S. S. was on t h e IS J u n e scllt
t o hlr. L. with a rcquest t h a t he would consider t h c communication a s
strictly confidential; burn the Letters as soon as read.
[Ack: receipt of Livingston letter of June 30th.J
[IVhether either o r both t h e Floridas have been ceded seem altogether
a matter of inference. Believes the Floridas would not b e reserve.? b y
Spain after Louisiana passed into hand of,Francc; also that West Florida
would not be ke?t if E a s t Florida be ceded with Louisiana. T h e Floridas
(after cession of Louisiana to France) would be a burthen and o f n o
Benefit t o Spain. Besides] France and not Spain is the poss.er with n-hich
every efficient discussion should be made concerning thcse Provinces.
As the free navigation and use of the hlississippi is a right above all
computation to the United States, New Orleans and the Floridas would
on this account, a s well a s others prove a most valuable acquisition2nd
according to my creed thev must and will ultimately belong to u s ; i f s o
every stcp we rake should have n relcrence to this acquisition.'. . .
(Expresses his strong] dislike of a ~ u r c h a s e ,excep[ for oursclvcs. a s
wcll as my repcgnance to a G u a r a n t y under any circumstances.
Livingston to
Paris 2 Aupust 16ct
[r\pologies for not ansn.ering sooncr King's letters of J L I ~ 7 t h a n d
July rzth]
But the fact is I have been very much engaged in solicjtations and in
wr\r\ng a memdx onthesuh~ectatLauisiana,a copy of w h ~ c h1 shall scnd
you in French having directed a fen- sets to be struck off xvith a v i e x t o
place them i n such hands as have influence t o serve us.
1 find my representations begin to make some impression--on m y
arrival, 1 was informcd by one of the administration t h a t the Floridas
were included in t h e cession, t h e reluctance, however ol Talcyrand to
give me any answer on t h a t point, together with the generality of t h e
t e r m Louisiana in the treat? of hradrid of Alarch 1501 induced rr.e to
" king ru Livingston. Lmdon, J u l y 1 2 , 1Sc2-The S c r Yr:k Hircaricrl C?ciccy. P ~ l u s
K i n e 1lSS. 8.V.Lo. 5 ; .
" Livingston to k i n g . Paris. a Auyrr, 1 8 9 2 (A.L.S.)-0;bliothciz Parrorianr. L..Am.
kiss. \ ' - , 0 6 2 .
zuspcct t h a t as France had alrvays cxtcndcd that term t o t h e territory on

both sidcs t h c Xlississippi, t h a t they had probably supposed it would
still include it, tho' t h e Floridas had long sincc been ?istinguished b y
another name--and I believe thc first doubt they had on t h e subject
arose from my notc.
Here is attached a slip of p a p e r c o n t a i n i n g a few rough
notes:
Spanish ambassador. I stated our trcaty to him and the interest it
gave a n d claim t o b e party t o any treaty that Spain might make relative
t o t h a t country-it n o t t o include the Floridas31 hat-c placed in t h e
strongest possible light to him the intercsr that Spain ha! in keeping it
o u t o i t h e hands of France in case of the cession of the Iicst side of t h e
llississippi-tenacious on that ground-hladrid t h a t the Spanish
hlinistcr htister Pinckney in the same cqui\.ocal manner-Talleyrand
docs here-
T h e letter c o n t i n u e s :
I believe this is non. thc subjcct of negotiations bet\\-ecn Francc a n d
Spain b u t as this uill takc time, circurnstanccs ma:- arise to prel-cnt its
final succcsr-General Bernadotte has declined the command and none
other is yet appointed-50 t h a t the business bcgins t o cool and some
thing m a y yet be done.
[Personal:
Bcst time t o come t o France: if for the country-bctwcen now August
second and first of October. For Paris and e\-crybody of fashion t h c
-
bepinninn - of winter.]
Paris 1 I t h Yo\-. 1 8 0 2 ~
T h e Louisiana business is resumed with frcsh \.inor and the armament
~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~
will sail next month-Ilr. Sumter not havine your cypher I cannot bc
particular-let me know what hopes i n England anc be so obliging as t o
continuc to send the papers \r-hich now becone particularl? interesting.
T h e v tcll m e m v ticket in your hands has dra:vn a small 'prize be
pleased t o vest i t ik anothcr tiikct and send me the number.
This I trust will find you a t Calais-I wish you a pleasant passage
over.
Paris 17th So\'. 1 8 0 2 ~
[I t r u s t you are arrivcd safely.{
Since you lcft us t h c expedition t o Louisiana %as resol\.cd on. h l r .
Clark t h c bearer of this ~villgivc you information on this subject.
Eonneville had orders to offer Parma in cachanpc lor Florida. it will
probably be accepted.
L i v i n ~ t o n10 Kine. Patis. 11 Xovrmbcr, 183: i.\.L,5.:-Bibliathcca Parronianr.
Lz. Am. >:ss. 1'-,06,.
Livinpslon ro king. Paris, 1 7 X L \ - c r L e r , ~ & I - : A LS.j Bib!iorbcca Parronizna,
La. Am. .\ISS. \'-206;.
B u t so melancholy are the accounts from St. Domingo t h a t a p a r t of t h e

troops dcsigned for Louisiana a r e now t o go t o S t . Doming-and it is
this moment under deliberation whether t h e whole should not g o thcre.
Alr. King wrote:
London S a v . 24 1 8 0 2 3
T h e probabilities seem t o be greater in favour of IVar t h a n peacc [i.e.
between France a n d Great Britain].
- - Paris ta J a n y 1So3
[Rcc'd your favors of Jan).. 8,'1803 and Jany. ~ x . . ' ~ S o j . ]
Affairs stand here as they did. T h e y give me t h e strongest assurances
-
t h a t Bernadotre is t o settle all m a t t e r s with o u r eovernment r e l a t i v e
t o Louisiana and I a r k them w h a t confidence the United S t a r e s will
ha\-e in a new t r e a t y n-hen the old so far as it relates to o u r debts remains
unexecuted? And why if.arrangements are t o b e made as to Locisiana
they are not m a d e h e r e ?
As t o the Erst the minister gives n o answer, t o t h e second he says t h a t
they want to m a k e inqilirics as to o u r righrs of entrepot: etc.
I have addressed a ngte t o him on t h a t subject in which I rake notice
of rhe stoppage of t h e p o r t of S e w Orleans and suggest a doubt w h e t h e r
it will nor excite a jealousy t h a t it has been done in concurrence w i t h
France and t h e effect t h a t this idca m a y h a v e on the polirics of t h e
U.S. They s o l e r n ~ l yder:y all kno\\ledge 01 i h e transaction.
I have never doubte? t h a r xve must look t o eneige:ic mcasures a t
home for :he success a i our negotiations here. I ha..-c yct rcc'd n 3 pre-
cise insrrucrions hoir to act or a-hat if a n y t h i n g to offer. I look w i t h
anxiety t o the openin? o f Coneress-m!. letters have not t e n d e d t o
deceive t h e n as t o the ::?.I staye o f affairs here. \'ictoire aocr directly t o
A'ew Orleans, a t least so 1 I r . Tallerand tells me.
[\Ye are in deep rngurning for G e n . Leclerc. Paris very sickly aL
present scarce a family cscapes hIrs. L. 6 Col. L. down with severe
fever.]
Here we insert a letter from Jefferson t o Livingston. H e
did not receive it until the arrival of >,Ionroe. Indeed h e com-
plains in his nest letter t o King t h a t it is Ion,- since he h a s
heard from IVashington.
Jefferson t o Livingston:
\Vashington, February 3, 1603.
D e a r Sir,-bly last t o you was by k l r . D u p o n t . Since t h a t I r e c e ~ v e d
yours of h l a y 22v.d. \IT. I l a d i r o n supFoser you have written a subse-
" K i n g lo Liringsr.,;l. I-:-. Sobcnbcr 2 4 . t S x - T h r h ' r r Yc:: H l : r ~ : i ~ a : Socicty,
Rufur King 1:SS N.V. KO, j;.
'Li\.inp%an t o L a g , P x i r , Janxar). 20, ~ S n l i:\.L.S.!-Bib:lat!cc= Pi:mzi.n~,
La.Am.!.ISS. V.lot6.
q u c n t o n c w h i c h has never c o m c t o hand. A l a t c suipension b y t h c
Intendant of K e w Orleans of o u r right of deposit there, w i t h o u t which
t h e right of navigation is impracticable, h a s t h r o w n this c o u n t r y i n t o
such a flame of hostile disposition a s can scarcel!- b e described. T h e
{Yestern c o u n t r y was peculiarly sensible t o ir a s you m a y suppose. O u r
busincsn w a s t o t a k e t h e most etiectual pacific measures in o u r p o w e r t o
remove t h e suspension, a n d a t t h c s a m e rime t o persuade o u r c o u n t r y -
m e n t h a t pacific measures would b e the m o s t eiTecrual a n d t h e m o s t
specdily so. T h e opposition c a u g h t it as a p l a n k in a shipwreck, lloping i t
\\.auld enable t h e m t o t a c k t h e \Vestern people t o t h e m . T h e y raised t h e
c r y of war. were intriguing in all q u a r t e r s t o exasperate t h e \I estern
inhabl:ants t o a r m a n d go 20\vn on their o\vn a u t h o r i t v a n d possess
themrelves of N e w Orleans, a n d in t h e n ~ e a n t i m cwere dailv reiterating,
in ne:v s h a p e s , inflammatory resolutions for t h c adoption of t h e House.
.4s 3 r e m e d y r o all this we d e t e r m i n e d t o narnc a minister extraordinar!.
t o go imniediately t o P a r i s a n d XIadrid t o settle this rnarre:. T h i s
measure being a visible one, a n d t h e person n a m e d peculiarl!- p r o p e r w i t h
t h e \Vestern c o u n t r y , crushed a t once a n d p u t a n end t o all f u r t h e r
a t t e m p t s o n t h e Legislature. From t h a t mornenr all has beconie q u i e t :
a n d t h e m o r e readily in t h e 11-estern c o u n t r y , as t h e s u d d e n aliiance of
these neu- federal friends h a d of itself 2l:eady began ro m 3 k e t h e m sus-
pect t h e \visdo;n of their o x n course. T h e measure xvas m o r e o v e r prc-
posed f r o m a n o t h e r cause. I!-e must know a t oncen-herher we can a c q u i r e
S e n . Orleans or not. \ Y e a r c satisfied n o ~ h i ; . clce ~ ivili sccure xi a e a i n s t a
w a r a t n o disranr period; a n d a.e cannor p r c i s this Teainn .. x i t h c u r begin-
ning those a r r a n g e m e n t s ~ v h i c hivill be necessary :I war is hereafter r o
result. F o r this purpose i r war necerisq- t h a t t h e n e g o t i a r c r i should
b e fully posressed o i every idea \re have or. t h e subjec:. so a s to m e e t t h e
propmitions of t h e opposite , in rvharet-er form the! m a y b e
oEcred; a n d p i r e t h e m a s h a p c adrniriihle b!- us \rithc.ur being oblieed
t o await n e w initructions hence. I\'ith this v i o v . \rc h a v e joined J l r .
110-roe w i t h yourscii a t P a r i s , a n d t o l l : . Pinckliey a t l l a d r i d , a l t h o u g h
r\e believe i t will be hardi!. necesrar!. f o r him ro po ro this last p!ace.
Should \ r e iail i n this object o i t h e n:irrion. a !crr>e: o n e s i l l b c super-
added f o r t h e o t k c r side o f t h e channel. On this rubject :-ou x i l l b e in-
formed b y t h e Secretary of S r a t e , a n d ILr. 1lcr.r.ie will b e a b i e also t o
infrirni you of al! o u r s.ien-s a n d purposes. B y hirr 1 i t n d a n o t h e r letter
t o D u p o n r , whose aid [nay b e o f t h e greatest service, as it \<ill b e divested
of the shackles o i form. T h e le:ter is le!t open for !-our perusal, a f t e r
which I wish a irafer s t u c k i n it before it b e delivered. T h e o f i c i a l a n d
t h e v e r b a l communications t o you bi, 1 l r . \Ionroc \sill b c s o full a n d
minute, t h a t I need not t r o ~ b l e!-ou with a ? ur.oAcial re?eririo? of t h e m .
T h e i u r c r e drrrinirs of o u r couratry h a n g c,r, t h e e i e n r 01 this ne-
poti~:ioii, a!:d 1 a:n sure t ! . ~ ? c ~ u l d,:.,I b e ri:,ce? ia rnorc a b l e o r m o r c
zeali,ui hxridr. Oa e u r r . 7 , : ~r:c s h l : ! hc raririci. :h:t \ \ h a t !.ou d o n o t
r i i r c r , c ~ ~ ~ ! - b-
, o t effected. ,lccepr t ! : c r e f ~ r c assurarlce o f m y sincere
a n J c n n s t 3 n t zffcctlon a d high respect.
B o n a p a r t e g a v e L o r d \\'hitworth t h e a l t c r n a t i r e of IVar o r t h e ex-acua-

tion of h4alr:.lbn t h e ~ j t hi n s t a n t . I refer t o t h e scenc in t h e dta\r.ing
.
room. . . T h e K i n g c a n n o t consent t o eCacuate Sfalta unless s u b s t a n -
ti21 security b e provided for t h e s e objects which'ii present c i r c u m s t a n c e s
would b e c n d a r ~ p e r e db y t h a t m e a s u r e [integrity of t h e T u r k i s h E m p i r e ,
cc.1
[ F r a n c c tvould c o n s e n t t o R u s s i a holding h l a 1 u . l
[r\s a postscript]
1 h a r e a letter f r o m t h e S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e of J a n y . 29 which informs
m e m y Successor h a d n o t t h e n b e e n n a m e d , a n d t h a t t h e t i m e fixed f o ~
m y Icaving E n g l a n d m i g h t a r r i v e before a n y arrangements for t h e
s a c a ~ ~ c j - c hat.?
a n t h e i r EtTectI
T h e n e s t letter of Livingston was written t o hI. de Talley-

rand, in reply to Li\-ingston's letter to the first Consul. I t is
a perfect example of t h e plain, unva.rnished, direct a t t a c k oi
the advocate a n d m u s t ha\-e rufFied or amused the diplomatic
serenity of the Late bisliop of Autun.
111. Livingston l f i n i z t e r P l e n i p o t e n t i a r y
o f rhc United States of A m e r i c a .
Tc his Exceilenc!- t h e l l i n i s t e r f q r t h e
Exrcrior Relations for t h e F r e n c h
Repubiic.
Sir:
I h a v e recei\.ed n-ith g r e a t sensibility y o u r n o t e contaiilinp t h e k i s t
Consul's reply to w h a t I h a d t h e honor t o prczent t o him+n t h e subject
of t h e American claims, t h e s c n r i m e n t s a r e such as would ,naturally b e
entertained b y an enlightened s t a t e s m a n w h o a f t e r a d v a n c i n g his c c z : ~ -
t r y t o the highest pinaclc of military glory a n d national p r o i p e r i r y h i 2
derermined t o give p e r p e t u i t y to t h a t pros;le:ity (etc). . . . b u t . Sir. 2 :
this will f o r m the S u b j e c t of a f u t u r e n o t e 1 shall beg 1c~i.et o prc.ceci to
t h e consideration 01 a qucstion i n t h e highest degree i n t e r c j t i ~ g ,h a r -
nlony o f F r a n c c a n d t h e U n i t c d S t a t e s a n d which 1 a m sorry t o ra::
is o l a n a l u r e too pressing t o a d m i t of an)- delay, t h e first Consul h a s
d o n e me t h e honor t h r o ' y o u t o inform m e t h a t h e proposes t o send a
h,linister t o t h c U n i t c d S t a t e s , t o acquire such information a s h e m a y
deem necessary previous to his t a k i n g a n y measures relative t o r h e situa-
tion in which t h e acquisition of Louisiana will place F r a n c e n-ith respect
t o t h e C n i r c d States.--If sir, t h e question related t o t h e formation of a
nciv t r c a t y I should find n o objection t o t h e m e a s u r c on t h e c o n t r a r y I
rhnuld readily acquiesce in i t a s t h a t which would b e best c.a!cu!ate? to
rc:~clerthe t r e a t y m u t u a l l y a d v a n t a g e o u s b u t Sir it is not a nca. t r c i c i -
u:oll which we nou- press ( t h o ' o n c m u t u ~ l l ya d r a c t a g e o u r r l i g h . b e
rcitainly m a d e ) b u t t h e r e c o g n i t i o ~of~ a n old o n e b y which :hc L'~:i:ed
S t a t e r h a v e acquired rights t h a t n o c h a n g e in t h e circumstinces o f :he
c o u n t r y obliges t h e m t o relinquish a n d which t h e y never will relinquish
b u t w i t h thcyr Political existence. b y t h e i r T r e a t y w i t h Spain, their rights
t o t h e n a y i s a t i o n of t h c hlississippi is recosnized a n d a right o f D e p o t
granted with a prescription o n t h e p a r t of t h e k i n g o f Spain to revoke
rhis right if within three ycars h e finds it prejudicial t o his interests in
which case he is t o assign another e q u i r a l e c t establishment. T h e K i n g of
Spain has never re\-oked t h a t right, b u t a f t e r h a v i n g m a d e t h e experi-
m e n t of its effects upon his interests for t h r e e y e a r s h e has conti!lued
it-the U n i t e d Statcs have b y this c o n t i n u a n c e acquired a p e r m a n e n t
a n d irrevocable right t o a D e p o t in N e w Orleans, n o r can t h a t right b e
now cal!ed in question either b>- S p a i n or b!. a n y o t h e r nation t o w h o m
s h e m a y transier her title. .*
E v e n t h e assigr.r.lcnt o i a n o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t esrablishment c a n n o t
a t this da:- be iorced upon t h e C n i t e d S t a t e s w i t h o u t their consent be-
cause t h e time allowed t o Spain t o d e t e r m i n e h a s p a s t a n d she has pre-
ferred t o h a v e t h e D c p o t a t N e w Orleans t o placing i t elsen-here-and
I will v e n t u r e t o say t h a t in so d o i n g s h e h a s acted wisely for K e w
Orleans derives its whole value from it b s i p g t h e m a r k e t for r\mcrican
produce a n d their principal port o i entr)- a n d if this consideration was
I m p o r t a n t t o Spain it is infinitely more so t o France, the produce of
whose agriculture a n d manufactures will t h u s find a ready e i c h a n g c for
the rair materials of t h e L:.ited S t a t e s - L n d e r these circumstances a t
t h e very m o m e n t t h a t S ~ a i nis a b o u t t o rcllnquish t h e p ~ ; s c i r i ~oni t h e
country t o F r a n c e she violates her rreaty. 2nd leaves t h e counrry tvith a
stain upon her character.
I n w h a t situation. Sir, are \re no\\. placed? A n a r m a m e n t is on t h t
point o i sailinp for Kc\\. Orieans: t h e P o r t h a s been s h u t b y the o r d e r o!
Spain, t h e French comma:idant nil1 find it shut-will he think himself
authorized t o open it! I f not it m u s t remain s h u t until t h e envoy o i
F r a n c e ib.all h a v e arrix-ed in America, m a d e t h e necessary inquiries, etc.
transmitred t h e result of those inquiries t o t h e first Consul in the mean-
while al! t 5 e produce of fi\.e S t a t e s is left to rot u p o n their hands, t h e r e is
only o n e season in which rhe navigation o f :he hlississippi is practicable
this sezron m c s t necessaril!. pass before t h e E n v o y of France can arrive
and m a k e his report-it is supposzble, Sir; tha: t h e people o i t h e United
Sta:cs will tranquilly svait t h e progress of negotiation, when the ruin of
themselves a n d their families m u s t b e a t t e n d e d o n t h e de!ay-Be as-
sured, Sir, t h a t even were it possible t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t of t h e United
States could b e insensible of their suflerings t h e y would find it as easy
t o prevent t h e \Iis5issippi i r o m rolling its w a t e r s ifito t h e ocean a s t o
control rhe impulse o i the people t o d o themselves j u s t i c t i ! , Sir, in
~ , u r s u a n c eof rhe T r e ~ t i c st h a t F r a n c e h a s m a d e ivith t h e I'ortc she had
cit.lhlirhe,! r-aluahle coni;rr,irs u p o n t h e Black Sea, and subscqucnc m
this t h c Dardannelles a-c:c ceded t o r h e E n i p e r c r . would I'rancc suifer
him t o s b c t u y 11:e ?aisacc 2 n d ruin her r ; : r r c l ! ~ n r st i l l a nen. t r e ~ t ) .IinJ
been nee-i:iated fc,: a:: ot'iect 1!1at s h e ~ l r c s d ypossrssed-Sir, I \vill
vcnrure t o s ~ : .r h ~ at c r e a h e : ro s h u t u p t h e m o u t h of C t ~ e s a ~ c a L tilee,
&lawarc o r t h c H u d s o n i t would c r c a t c lcss scnsation in t h c U n i t c d

S t a t e s t h a n t h e denial of t h e right o f d e p o t a t N e w Orlcans has done-
T h e people of t h c western countries a r e cmigranrs from t h e diffcrcnt
statcs in which t h e y h a v e left connections decply intcrcsted in t h c i r
prosperity-this circumstancc combining with a just sense of national
independence a n d national d i g n i t y m a k c t h e m extremely- sensible t o
t h e injustice thcy h a v c suffered-nor is i t without t h e utmost difficulty
t h a t t h c y h a v e been restrained f r o m breaking o u t i n t o acts o f immediate
hostility against Spain, b y t h e p r u d e n t mcasuresof G o r e r n m c n t a n d b y
t h e hope t h a t t h e Mission o f a h l i n i s t c r w h o will bring with h i m a con-
viction of thcir feelings o n this s u b j c c t lvill procure t h e m t h e m o s t im-
mediate and express recognition of their rights b y France in whose
justice a n d good f a i t h t h c y hope t o find a resource against t h e breach of
faith b y t h e officers of S p a i n .
I cannot b u t flatter myself S i r t h a t t h e answer which the first Consul
has been pleased t o h o n o u r m e w i t h has a reference only t o such n e w
treaties as it m a y b e f o r t h e m u t u a l intcrest of b o t h countries early t o
negotiate, b u t t h a t relati\-e t o t h e rights t h e U n i t e d S t i t c s possess in
virtuc of existing t r e a t i e s n.ith Spain h e is rcady t o afiord m e t h o s e
explicit and formal assurances n-hich a r e neccssaq- t o calm t h e enlotions
which ha\-e bcen s o universally c ~ c i t c din t h e Unitcd Stater-I c a n never
bring myself t o believe Sir, t h a t t h e first Consul will by differing f o r a
moment t h e recognition o f a right t h a t a d m i t s of n o discu!sion, breal
all those ties which bind t h c U n i t e d S t a t e s t o France, obliterate t h e sense
of past obligations a n d c h a n g i n g cvery political relation t h a t i t has becn
a n d still is t h e earncst wish of t h U~n i t e d States, t o force them t o conncct
their intercst with those of a rival porr-er a n d this t o o for a n object of n o
real m o m e n t in itself. Louisiana is, a n d ever m u s t be f r o m physical
causes a miserable countr!- in t h e h a n d s of an E u r o p e a n poaer-nor c a n
arty principle of sound policy e v e r d i c t a t e t o France even if bound b y n o
- treaty a changc in t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f Ke~\.Orlear.s,tha: should exclude
t h e citizens of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s from t h e right of d e p o t to ivhicli alone
i r must ever be indebted for its prosperity.
I fecl a plcasure in declaring, Sir, t h a t t h e pcople a n d G o v e r n m e n t o f
t h e United S t a t e s rvili reccivc t h e highest satisfaction from t h e assuy-
anccs t h a t t h e first Consul has e m p o \ ~ e r e dyou t o m a k c t o m e of h ~ s
a t t a c h m e n t t o t h e m a n d will rcflecr x i t h pleasure o n his having called t o
mind t h a t amidst t h e changes t h a t b o t h nations h a v e undergone t h e y
h a v e becn mutually f o n v a r d in t c n d c r i n g thcir alliance t o each othcr.
N o r will it be less flattering t o t h c President t o h a v c acquired as a
magistrate and a s a m a n t h e estcems of a chicf w h o has meritcd a n d
obtained t h a t of t h e world-But thesc circumstances add t o m y pain,
when I reflect on occurenccs t h a t m a y lay t h c foundation for f u t u r c
cnmities-and 1 t r u s t Sir, t h a t t h e ) - nil1 servc a s a n apology f o r al~ythil!g
t h a t m a y appear harsh in this note-for if ever t h e r c is a m a n n e r i n
which it bccomcs a mini5ter t o spcal. with frcedom it is u-hcn he fecls thar
t h e dearcst intcrest o f his c o u n t r \ . a r e a t s t a k c a n d has reason t o h o p e
v e r y great a t t e n t i o n thro' t h e best o f these channels. Previous to the

arrival of hlr. h l o n r o e I was called u p o n b y t h e minister to m a k e a spe-
cific proposition for t h e \vholc o f Louisiana b u t as I had no instructibns t o
close I k e p t t h e t h i n g afloat n.ithoct conling co a n y precise point hoping
dai!y t o receive instrucrions. \\-he2 111. l l n o r o e x a s appointed t h e y
pressed 13ic still more a n d a b o u t rcn d a y s before lhe arrived a rcsoluticn
was taken r o post )\-ith i t u p o n t h c ground 1 had taken-I n-as again
pressed t o close this dcclined o n t h e ground t h a t M r . >Ionroc n-as ex-
pected b u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e preiscd for some specific answer a s to o u r
rights a t K e n Orleans a n d t h a t a t r e a t y should b e formerly opened u p o n
t h e o t h e r point so t h a t every t h i n g n i g h t b e prepared for him-On t h e
subject of t h e d e b t hax-ing o b r a i n e 3 so fuil a promise from t h e hrst
Consul himsclf t h a t i t n a s i ~ i p o i ~ i tbo! go ~ bzck t!l+ were compelled
either t o s-tisfy t h e s a m e from t h e treasury o r find the Keans in their
ne\v ncgotiarion a n d rho I fcund t h e m often endear-o:ir;f ro shift rhlr
ground i t \\.as impossible t h e p r o m i i c ha? [involved] the ~ e r s o n a lchar-
acter of t h e first Consul a n d m u s t b e fulfi!led.'This I belie\-e was a t u r n i n g
point.
T h e d a y 111. \Ionroe arrived a d befsrc it v a s k n o w a t C o u r t 11-r-
bois c a m e t o me t o open a negcrizrioz fcr this great object as we n o w h x i
o u r instructions a n d LI:. > I o > r o e \,:as hcre. I lent myself t o his proposi-
tions a n d passed t h e grcater ;art o i t h a t nighr with him a t t h e trearur::.
T n e next d a y I met him agair. a?.? i: xvar aereed t h a t he rhou!? p r a c c r e
full po\vcrs. l l r . l l o n r o e was ;reie-.ted t o 111. Tallexrand a n d we sFnc!3
h a v e gonc on together b u t h e was s u i d e a l ) . t a k e n ill and confined t o his
bed so t h a t I was obligcd ro t a k e t h e lat.ourir.g on upon myself. T i l l r5.c
full powers were given a n d a p r o j e c t d r a w n l l r . >ionroc bcinp t h e n a-cll
enough t o sir u p 1 carried > l r . > l a r b o i s t o hir? where we lircussed the:.
I drew a counter project \vhich a f t t r u n i e r g o i n g ro11ie alterations b y ti..
adt.ise a n d assistance oi l l r . lls;r;oe n-e prescnred ycsrerda!. t o g e r h r r
with a letter \vl~ichI dretv a n d traxrr.itte.! $:-ling o u r renio:ls 2r.d \vi:i. n
vien. t o its being submitted t o ;he F.rst Cocsul. I have great rea3on t o
hope t h a r our plan \rill be zcce;:e.' a n i 111~; we shall rign imne8late::.
a f t e r 311. \Ionroe has been p r e i e n t e d a h i c i \vill be IOmGriOW a s h e is
p.nw s~~fficien:ll; recovered t o g o o u r . T k l s business has cost m e mu:>
paint a n d anxiety b u t I t h i n k our crdl'try ti-ill be essellrially served arci
as 111. >locroe has arrived ir. : i ~ etr.. share t h e rrsponsibi1i:)- I h a v e t b e
greatest hope t h a t it will be z c c e ~ r a b l ci r h a s hut what is very c u r i o s s
is t h a t o u r new commission confines 0x1 power t o Kc\\- Orleans a n d the
c o a s t of t h e hlississippi so t h a r as t o all Louisiana we proceed absolutely
w i t h o u t p o x e r m y first corr.n~irrion being * ' ' might indeed b e a r m e
out-but in reading o u r powers t h e y have a3 y c t o v e r l w k e d t h i s cir-
cumstance and they \rill be rr.uch stirprized z t hornc t o find t h e t u r n o:r
rlcgotiationr h.:ve t;1Lc11u n d e r I K F X 1 1 - i t ~ d;o~vers. 1 thir,: i m ~ then y
hope t h t ;!I t h a t cou!? h 3 . x bec:. exrccte? o f nle h2s bec:: d o n e o:r
d e b t s paid and o u r historical c1air.c retried r 3 thar I may rcturn n 5 c r 1 I
please t o n1y native land, u-hick, I found ),ere O I I nly arrival witho;t
Relative to Louisiana some circums;anccs gave m e reasons t o bclicvc

t h a t Spain and France a-ere not perfectly agreed as t o t h e limits of this
cession. H?~vinglearned t h a t there wcre di6culries t h a t would postpone
t h e taking possession of Louisiana till September I suspected t h a t thcy
might arise from t h z t circumstance and accordingly u.rotr a nott to thr
Aifini~trrof Spain statins thf right, rzr htld by fhr trraty of Madrid and
desiring t o know how these rights were sccured t o us by the trcaty of
cession with France; complaining t h a t we n.ere not made parties to t h a t
trcaty and desiring t o know what t h e limits of France were to be: show-
ing the evils that would result to S p a i n if Floridar rrtrt included, h t
a t l r z t n d with great frankness that h e was a stranger to this transaction
having had no ag.enc:- in making t h e trcaty o r any certain knowledge of
i t ; but t h a t he had reason t o belie\-c the Floridas were not included.
T h a t as I told him M r . P i n c k n t ~was charged with the discussion of this
I business at Alodrid hc could t m r . ~ m i tm y 1r:lrr to hir Court and ron~muni-
r a f t to me whatever he should learn on that s ~ b j e c t .
I ha\-e since conversed with Crn'l Coliot and I find by him t h a t it is
understood that tho' East Florida is yet t h a t \\'est Florida is not in-
cluded in thecession. Bct neither he norAa5t with \\-horn I have also had
several conversations havc even secn the treaty yet both of them expect
t o be employcd the onc as a Grn'i a n d the other as Pn/rn. T h e d a y
before yesterday Gen'l B e r n a d o ~ r ercsigncd the command of the expedi-
tion destine?, for this object, so t h a t it,\vill still meet with delays, t h o I
belicre from the success of t h e business a t St. Domingo t h a t troops \vill
be spared from there. In speaking upon t h e subject yesterday t o t h e
llinisrcr I rrcatcd it as if rhc Floridar were still t h e property of Spain
n-hich he would neither admit nor d e n y but I think i t pretty certain t h a t
thcy are not? \Vest Floriia a t lcast, formall!- ceded.
Ir is also said here t h i t e\.en Louisiana is not t o be surrendered till
Britain has formall!. ackno~rledgedt h e Kine of Etruria but I know not
how f a r this is correct should it be you ma). [is/ l o m t drlay or ob~lruclionr
10 i h t b u ~ i n t ~ i .
[Anxious to hcar from Xlr. Pinckney-wish to avoid countcrlctin&

a n y of his measures.] AIy own idea is t h a t i f we cannot purchase !ires-
Florida that rve should bend our endeavors to k l t p W.F. i n t h handr ~ 0.'
Spain undrr thr iniliol puarantr< o j F r o n r c and thr U . S . that we should
procure from the first a renunciation of it similar t o t h a t contained in
I o u r former treaty and a stipulation t h a t if b y conquest o r othcrwisc i t
I should pass into t h c hands of France it shall bc restored to Spain o r sold
. a t a limited pricc t o thc U.S.
T h a t Orlcans should bccomc a frcc port a n d if possible a frcc State-
rhcscarc hasty hints upon which I p r a y you t o give me your ideas as early
a s possible, as I havc m r n e thoughts. If what 1 hear from Mr. Pinckncy
should not lead to othcr measures, t o offer some project of this kind t o
the consideration of rhc government h c r t r c c o m p a n i e d by such a n
oKer of money as an cqutvalent for t h e sacrifices thcy may make as may
tempt their cupidity. Alr. Tallcyrand has promised that Air. O t t o shall
Livingston t o K i n g :I7
P a r i s 3 Feb'y. 1So3.
I t is very long since I ha\-c h e a r d an)-thing from o u r g o v e r n m e n t a n d
a m waiting with :he u t m o s t a n x i e t y for s o m e instructions from t h e m . . . .
If y c ~ iha\-e t h e President's speech o r an!-thing of the proceedings o f
Congrcss b e pleased t o s e n d it to me.
Gencral B e r n a d o t t c will g o o u t w i t h t h c best dispositions r o x a r d s
us-but it is not upon h i s disposirion t h a t m u c h will depend.
I havc just rcc'd l e t t e r s from l l r . G r a h a m a t %ladrid h e can o b t a i n
neither light or i n f o r m a t i o n on t h c subject of t h e t r e a t y b y which h e can
learn whether o u r rights a r c preserved o n t h e Xlirsissippi. T h e Spanish
Court have parsed a vcr!- extraordinar!. decree w i t h respect t o us t h e y
suffer none of our vessels c o m i n g from -4rnerica t o cnrer their p o r t s till
t h e y havc performed quarar.:ine in a fcreign p o r t a n d been x-tntilatc?.
F r o m what I can lcarn h e r e B r i t a i n will n o t see t h e cession of t h e Floridas
rvith indiffcrcncc. She m a y as \\-ell gi\-c u p h c r islands as let t h e m c o n -
m a n d all t h e ports o n t h e Gulf a n d t h c m o u t h of t h e llississippi. Let
m e know w h a t you can learn o f this s u b j e c t a n d how f a r r h e present
minis:crs will carry t h e i r opposition.
[Paris extremely u n h e a l t h y a t present.]
Livingston learned from King t h a t l f o n r o e had been
appointed Envoy E s t r a o r d i n a r y and hlinister Plenipoten-
tar) to France and Spain.
King t o Livingston:"
London ?j F e b y . 1So3
1 h z v c just scen a l e t t e r f r o m >Ir. T h o r n t o n t h e British C h a r g e des
lffaires a t \Vnshing:on d a t e d Jaauar!. I I rvhich states tha: "The
P r e r i e n t has just n o m i n a t e d 11:. l l o n r o e En\-0)- Ex:ra. a n d hlinister
Pleni?oreurar!. t o F r a n c e a n d S p a i n t o t r e a t w i t h eithrr or b o t h conccrn-
ing rhe \lisris$i?pi."
No x e n t i o n is m a d e of r , y Successor.
Livingston t o King:')
P a r i s ?Fth Feb'y. ~ S o j
I h a r e 1e:ters from Secy. of S,tatc of 1 9 J a n y a n d lcttcr a n d phpcrs
from Zcrr, I'ork t o t h e 27th.
T b business of h'cir. O r l e a n s still a g i t a t e s t h c public mind. T h c
federal p a r t y zppears inclined t o w a r . T h e a d m i n i s ~ r a r i o na n d their
frienzs t o previous negotiations.
n L i . i q r r n n I.; King. F e b r u a v j, I€:) i.4.L.S.l-EibI;;lcitcc~ P a r r ~ 3 i a n a . La. A z .
1 1 s V.T+,,.
* h:r; r,: L i r i r < . : n . L..nlin. F r b r ~ i ? : j , I%:: i:\ L.C.!-Ti;,: Se.r Turk Iiii~?:ici!
s .cic;y. I<:fas x i - r XIS5 1:. \' :j. *
Y L ; . . ; n p : < m I,. KillG. l'a;lr, k c b r u a n ~ 1 8 , 16:j i . \ . L , S . ~ - D ~ ~ ~ i i o t ~P>rs..?iam,
~cc~
La. .Ac..\ISF. \'.1:':3.
244
EMPRESS VERDMCEE..
You have just read a State of Louisiana legal document. Have you
ever witnessed such a lying document in your life? It was beyond my
imagination. What had been done here is the theft of an Empire that
was and is black legally. All of the said purchase was the Neutral Strip.
If you really want a good look at what the United States purchased in
1803 from France, you must take a trip to the city of New Orleans and
look at the streets. The military compounds and not the grounds as
they had already been granted to others and it was owned by the
Ancient Ones from the beginning.
Spain recognized this fact and made it a part of the cession to

France. Napoleon included in that sale agreement he signed to the
United States. The land of the Ancient Ones has been preserved b y a
God who holds supreme plan of the universe. It remains a true fact
this land has been held secure for a specific purpose by divine power
that is not yet known to man.
I n this view h1;. h i o n r o e IS rent o u t t o t r e a t jointly w i ~ hm e hcrc and

with Mr. P n c k n c y a t M a d r i d upon t h e ground t h a t I had long since
p r o y ~ s e d . H e ivas cxpcctcd t o sail for F r a n c e sometime in t h e beeinning
of February. His a p p o i n t m e n t was o?posed in thc Scnatc and carried
I j to 1 2 . I have done everything t o smooth his wzy before 1 knew. of his
appointment a n d removcd t h c objections of most of t h e people in power
and havc lately addressed myself directly t o t h e first consul.
I t is however impossible t o s a y a s y e t w h a t effect this may have b u t I
h a v e a l ~ v a y sthought i t a d u t y I owed t o t h e public creditors t o connect
tlicir claims with t h e other business. 14r. ZIonroe will as I undcrsrand
bc under no necessity of doing this. \\'hich perhaps vill remove somc
dif%culties. 'q
Ling to Li~ingstoo:~"
Lopdon h f a r c h 4. r S o j
I have secn a Letter from oncof Scnstors d a r e d IYashington Jan!-. loth.,
t h a t says 1 message has been scnt t o House of Representatives b u t not
t o the Senate, which n-as rcceived with closcd doors, and \\.as unlcrstood
t o communicate the answer of t h e governmcni of New Orleans t c
Governor Claiborne's letters.
T h e a n s n c r inrinuates t h a t t h e shutting of t h e Fort by t h c I c t e n d a n t
~ 3 not s in compliance \vl:h ari exprcis o r d e r cf thc King of Spair.. b u t a
n e i s u r c resulting from gcncral Instructions f o r thc Governme.: of the
Colonies on the return o i Pcace-that bcicg s h u t i: ~-:oull not be i r o p c r .
nor in his power. to open t h e Port n.irhc.ut t h c erprcss orde:r of t h c
Croivn. . . .
[ A ecn:ler.ian of S . Y.reports t h e vicc-r*esiden: !rill vicit t h e \Yestern
country and thc Slissisiippi Tcrritor!. next Spri-3. and tha: i: is no:
iinprobabl!- t h a t be m a y herraftcr reside thcrc.i
L:,I .'i ! ) g s t o n to 1;ing:J'
Paris Frh l l a r c i . 1'31.
>-ou havc been nisin:ormed as to t h e subject. o! the message t o the
House of Congress. Tine G o t ' r o i S e w Orlcanr in his lerierr :o Gov'r
CL3ihorne erprersly declares t h a t thc order for shutting t h e 2 - r t u.ar
~ i v e nu-ithcut any direcrions frozi home a n d contrary to his acr.:ime;t
t h a t he had r,:rit:en t o the Gov. o f Cuba o ! ~t h c sucjcct. I believe r.outhc:
In!~rrnation had bcen rec'd on t h e 1 9 t h Jan:.. (rhc d a t c o f a lcttcr I havc
from :he Secret-ry o f S t a t e ) 1 believe m y scvcrai lcttcrs t o ~ h govern- c
mcnt havc not been submitted t o t h e l c ~ i s l a t u r eand perhaps in t 5 c prcs-
cnt ferment it is bcst they should not. You know m y scntimentr a n d t h e
c h a r a c ~ c r: ? s t s o m c o i thcrn are in ' " aith-1 am lahourin_e t o ~ a v tch e
w a y for i l r . hionroc 2nd I think I h a v c got rvcry man about rhe court
t r ~think as I d n c n t h e subject of Louisiaaa b u t as yo;; knoiv the:e is b u t
a km: !.. l.!\i:!:-!.#, l,x&,n, l l a t c h 4 , ,LC:,.-\ L.5.:-T1..c S r w Ycr'?. H,::::ic>;
S.,c>,:). K-!i. lil,~',!?! U \'. j j .
I' l.;vi?$s::a tc, k . a < . l'a?is, \ l a r c h e, 1%; ! \.L S.i-Bi; ::,~i~rcaP 4 r - c : . ; ~ - i La.
, Am.
\IS5 \--I*.
246
o n e h e a d h e r e 1 h a v e addrciscd a v e r y s t r o n g letter t o t h c consul him-

self-I a m promised a n answer in a fcw d a y s a n d having d o n e e v e r y t h i n g
I m u s t n o w tvait t h e e v e n t . I 11ave n o t hesitated to declare t h a t if t h e y
k e e p t h e p o r t s h u t a f t e r t h e Island is delivered up. t h e U.S. will :lot w a i t
t h e effect of a n negotiation. I h a v e also told Gen'l B e r n a d o t t e i t is n o t
w o r t h his while t o cross t h e .-\tiantic unless this busicess is previously
a r r a n g e d a s h e will o n l y h a v c t o r e t u r n imrnediatcly.
T h e Fluridas a r e n o t y e t ceded a n d I h a v c some reason t o belicvc t h e y
\\.ill not-I h a v e laboured h a r d t o prevent it unlcss w e can previously
arrange for them.
King t o L i ~ i n g s t o n : ~ ?
London RIarch r r , 1So3
[ T h e message from t h e K i n g t o P a r l i a n i e n t : replies of both houses
w i t h o u t dissent, impressing of seamen, calling cur of militia. proclama-
t i o n s recalling all British s e a m e n in foreign serricc, bounties offercd for
volunteer enlistment in t h e K a \ - y ; all seem measures] m a d c a t t h e com-
m e n c e m e n t of a lV3r. [Hot\-ever decision rests u i t h Bonaparte.]
F r o m t h e reference n-hich t h e message has m a d c t o t h e a r m a n e n t s in
Holland, it is p r e t t y n a t u r a l t o conclude t h a t a fleet of observation will
imrncdiately a p p e a r in t h e Channel, a n d t h a t d e t a c h m e n t s o r small
S q u a d r o n s will w a t c h t h e arsenal P o r t s of b o t h France a n d Holland: if SO
t h e Expedition t o Louisiana m u s t remain in Port until t h e questions
i x discussion a r e decided. H o n far o u r affairs r r i l l be beneficially affected
b y this unespccred t h o ' \-cry n a t u r a l course of things is more t h a n I a m
able todetermine.
I,ivin,oston to King:33
Paris I 5 t h h l a r c h ~ S o j
[Rcc'd. favor of 1 1 t h . )
If t h e \ r ? r d e p e n d s c n l y u p o n t h e first consuls receding from t h e
. I U C ~ I ~ofO ~the e\.acuatic,n of \ l a I r a a war \rill conie.
[l'lte Scene a t L l m e . B's (Bcr;:adotte's) Drawing R o o m : ]
T l i e consul a f t e r g0ir.p rhc usual round o f t h e Ladies in o n e room onl)
t u r n e d t o m e a n d askc?, s c m c of t h e usual quertiorls on these occasions,
h e then spoke a fe\r r ~ c : d s t o t h e D a n i s h ministcr a n d bowing t o t h e
General n c a r him c a n e u p t o nlc a second t i m e a n d a few words \vere
exchanged. H e t h c n r\.cnt t o t h e o t h c r e n d of rhc room (passing t h e
ministers tvith a b o w o > l y speaking r o t w o o r t h r e e o f t h e m ) a n d wcnt u p
t o Lord \\'hitu.orth a n d told h i m t h a t t h e y rv'd probably have a s t o r m .
Lord \\'hitworth hoped not.
You ha\.e already h a d a I j years war.
I t was I j t o o m u c ! ~ ,Sir, rcplicd L. \I . ..
= Ki:>g to l,isin:$ton, b . z ? w , .ll>:ch 2 r , 1801 (.A.L.S j.-Th= S C WYcck klis~aric:l
&cic:)-. X:~!ur K i < , g J I S j E. \. S-. j j ,
L ' i i r . ~ s l o nto King. ?.:is. .\larch 1 j, 16oj (.\.L.S.)-Bi!,liatheca Parro;~ianr,La. .Am.
You want another war.

P a r d o n m e Sir r e wish for peace.
After a few more very strong t e r m s evoking t h e vrilpcance of heal-en
upon those who broke t h e treaty he concluc!cr' AWia must be evacuated
or nar-thc prefect 01 t h e palace t h e n told him t h a t 1Iadarnc B. and t h e
ladies in t h e next room expected him-hc turned ot? and retired t o his
cabincr-1 a m satisfied t h a t Frances does not wish for war. . . .
As to o u r own affairs I told you I had ~ r i t t e na very strong letter on
t h e subject of t h c Isle of Kcw Orleans K O t h e first consul so far a s it related
t o t h e d e b t it did not exactly accord with t h e ideas of the I l i n i s t c r yet on
t h a t point it has had a most happy effect t h a t t h e first Consul gives in
reply the most positive assurances t h a t t h e conventions shall b e literally
complicd with [rhct t h c fir.ances of Francc made thisteasy.]
I have certainly a d v ~ n c e din this business much farther t h a n I coul8
h a v c hoped and I promise myself success i! t h e storm doer not blast m )
hopes.
On thc subjcct of Louisiana he says t h a t he will immcdiatelv send o u t
a minister t o acquire t h e necessary ir.lormation and concludes b y s:rong
professions to t h e g o v c r n n e n t and prcside?.t, etc.-
I r m n o s sending in a note couched in \-cry plain terms declaring
t h a t so f l r as t h e object m a y relare t o a new treary for our m u t u a l ad-
vantage I havc no right to object t o his obtaining t h e necessary in-
formation, b u t t h a t n c will admit n o treat!- as t o our right of dcposit o r
t o what a.e hold under the t r e a t y of l l a t r i d and insisting upon an ex-
plicit recognition our right. I h a \ x no specific powers as t o an>-think
as 1 told }-ou when hcrc and h a v e found t h e want of them \Ir. hIadison
informs me t h a t I a m to receive t h e m a i r h a new commission by 11;.
Alonroc. Korhing will be listened t o in t h e n a y of purchzie.
Sou: proposition d r a w much considerrtion. . . .
On the ~vholeI think i t would be more dignl5ed and more safe t o act
upon our o\vn ground and if n e must cntcr into the war secure to our-
a e l ~ e rall the ad\.antages t h a t may result irom it.
King t o Livingston:"
London \la:cl~ zj, r c o j
[I ha\.c receivcd your lettcrs 01
( a ) Feby 26
(b) M a r c h 8
(c) h l a r c h I jl
T h e tvords o f t h e communication respecting the Expedition fq
Louisiana a e r e "The message (of t h e King) speaks o i the Expedition of
Helviot:luys, all t h e world kno!vsir was destined for .4mcrica, and a b o u t
p r o c c c d i n ~t o its destination, rnais d'apres le .\leirape de S.11.I'enl-
barquemcnr cr le d c p a r t vout c:re conrrenandei."
EMPRESS VERD:ACEE...
t h a t a k n o n l e d p e o f t h e t r u t h m a y prevent t h e break o f relations b e t w e e n

nations t h a t esteem a n d respect each o t h e r , and t h e calamities t h a t
h u m a n i t y m a y feel in such breach.
I p r a y y o u r Excellency t o receive m y t h a n k s for t h e interesting m a n n e r
in which y o u h a v e m a d e t h e communications of t h c first Consul a n d my
assurance: of t h e highest consideration.
P a r i s 1 6 l l a r c h 1So3"
Livir~gstont o King:=(
Paris 2; h l a r c h IEOJ
[.Ack. y o u r favor cf I S k l a r c h . ]
[Let ;:1c k n o ~ vc l e r y t h i n g o n the subject ~ t - a or r
[.is 1 tcl,! you I 11avej a?plied direcrl!- to the first Consul a n d h a d
received his fullest assurances on t h e subjec: o f t h e dcbts b u t nothing
pleasing on rhc subject of Louisiana t h e negotiations for which were t o b e
referred t o Cen'l B e r n a d o t r e in America.
I n reply t o which 1 sent in t h e enclosed nore which t h e s t a t e of t h i n g s
in Euro:c m a d e m r rhink it p r u d e n t t o hazrlrd.
T h r e e d a l - s a g o 1 called o n t h e l l i n i s r e r f a r an answer h e assured m e
t h a t I i h o u l d h l v c o-e a n d t h a t euerything should b e arranged t h a t d a y
a n d I h a v e n c doubr t h a t t h e y ivcre t o u h e n very unhappily t h e y rcc'l
lerrcri [:on P i c h o : ~i-for::ling ;hcm t h a t t h e ?ppointmrr,r of l l r . l f o i ; r o e
. .
had tra-quilized e i c r y t h i n ? 3 r d t h a r t h e y might ssfel;- defer their
n e F c a a ' : c n s in coniequence o! tvhich 1 l;st night iec'd. a ver!- h a s t y
nore iuii of ? - n p o i l : i o ~ ~as n d arquing the necessity o f waitinp f o r l l r .
l l ,o .r : .: ~ ; \ r h o inay rri: bc here till everyrb,ing is arranged w i t h E r I t a i n in
:,.n:c; case rhc! r: :y return to rheir cld ;reject. I b e l i e i e c h a t this
i n a e i 1 n i t S:arcs b u t as t h i n r s h a v e
r u r r . 4 c u t i i h;!: p-car!? e!::b;rrassed n:y c?erations.
lct:inE m e he>: f - --
Hoive:cr I hope t h e hcst a n d pras. y o u t o miss n o o p p o r r u n i t y 01
IOU. . . .
,
I h a k c € ; \ e n 2 r:e;ty p i n r e d a n r n e r t o i h e last note \vhat t h c results

will be I l n c \ \ inur sb,nuld :hey be s s r c o f w a r it will h a v e irs effect o t h e r -
wire KC,: an.! :t,ey r . a y Lecp us n e g o r i ~ t i n ga ? long as t h e y nlcase.
Tnc FI,~:id>sa r e :i,ye: : ceded and I t h i n k ill nor be.
1 h a i c a lt.:ter ir5rn \ I r P l n c k n c i , o f t h e znd of XIarch i n which h e
s a y s :bat e\er?rhini. is full? a n d honesti! arranged wirh S p a i n relative t c
t h e 2enial of t h e righr o f entrepor-that t h e c o u r t disavo\vs t h e , l e a s t
k n o r ~ l c d ~ocf t h e a c t a n d h a v e given o r d e r s for its being i m m e d ~ a r e l y
caur.:ermanded. I l I r . I l o n r o e \car expected a b o u t t o e m b a r k a b o u t z+rh
of F e b r u a r y . ]
I :2 :=tisK.ed r h 3 t rhev a r e yet \.cry uncertain here a s t o t h e e\.e?t o f
thin:: n i r h Lnc1:~r.J a n d r h z t rhcy a:e nor only u n c e r ~ a i nb u t a i ~ r i o u s .
Bc a s m i n u t e as y o u can in a n y i n f o r m a t i o n y o u can collect a n d I shall

b e equally so.
King to Living~ton:~:
London. .\larch 29, 130;
[ F u r t h e r conjectures a n d reflesions or. t h e pcndinp discussions bc:iveen
F r a n c e a n d England, England ready t o e v a c u a t e l l a l t a onlj- on cer:ain
conditions; France declines all inquiry a n d discusiion concerning t h e m
a n d refers itself t o t h e T r e a t y of Amicns.]
[ E n g l a n d still has possession of A1al:a.l
[ R u m o r from Holland t h a t t h e E x p e 6 i t i o n for Louiriana apaln resumed,
notrvi~hsrandin?] as I have es:lair.e? to you, 3 it $ \ a s c o u n t e r -
m a n d e d in consequence of t h e King1 \lessape t o P r 4 i a m c ; i t .
P . S . Observe great caution as co~:je;:u:c t h a t your information comes
f r o m m e would place m c in delicate c i r c u ~ l s r a n c e s .
Livingston to
P r r i s 1st :\-.ril I?O;
[.-\ck favor of 23 ult.]
[.\bout t h e prospects of war o r peace between Ene!and a n ? F r a n c c ]
[ G r e a t Britain] \vili nevc: consent r o give an ic;-egnabic post in t h e
h i c d i t e r r a n e a o ro Russia is obvious. s o t h a t if this is rhe only cx?e&ianr
u p o n which peace d e p e n d s w a r m u s t come. . . .
I ha\-e letters from 111. Pinckney c c 2 i a i n i n g a full dcnial on t h e p x ; of
S p a i n of a n y age?cy in t h e closing t h c port of Sexy Or!ea~:s. [ T h i n k s h l r .
K i n g should r e t a n his ?ost o n accounr o i t h e scriourr.trr o i :he rimes u n -
til s ~ C c e s s o rarrives.]
I had irritten t h u s far when I recci:ed y o u r lc:!e: ef 2 9 t h . . . .
I had occasion t o ark \ l r . T - d a fen. da!-s aF2 what ivnuld be t h e
issue! H e told me, as t h e y a l n a l - s l o . :hat h e h o r e i p e a c e I n e n r i o n e d
t h a t I supposed it Jvas in their power t o fir s o dcrir-b:c an e \ e z t b!- giving
E!:c!and t h e :ati:facrion she rcquiyec. H e rcp!ied " x e rhaii a d h e r e t o
tiic t r e a r y of ;\miens7'-The? cerr;inl!- i:erive a2vr:::agej from
r!leir present position-they gain r i m e 2nd m a k e h c i 1i:rIe ne:, espenre-
The!. a r r a z g e their coionies a n d thr:: i c r 2 n E e tile comrne-ciai specuia-
tions o f G r e a t Brirain-The ExpcSiri-n t o I."uir:ar.a wi!i ?rnce:;i a n d
h a v e time t o s ~ r e ~ ~ p r hthemrelvei
en before t h r y c;; be a : i r c h r J .
I shall be vcr)- c ~ r c f u lt h a t n o ill -re is made o! !.ou: cnnfidential
communications.
King to L i ~ i n g s t o n : ' ~
London .4;;ril 8:rSo;
( A c l ; n o ~ ~ l e d greccipr
e of Livinr'tnn 1.ctter of .\nril i r 1 . 1
Liston writes t h a t in his opillion : h c Espc:irio:~ i,,: 1.oci:ia:ia a-i!i nti:
proceed in t h c prcsenr ur.cerrain s t a r c o f ;r?.irs. a:.; I ;n incline; to
S w i r ~ v Rul:ts
L .:
.
! !
Ki>t:\lSS. I;. \
.i n , .
,
.
.
a Kin: to L i t i : ~ ~ s.:.t l.r:..J.:!, :\!a,c!: :,.
:;
, :
.\ 1 . 5 -1
\ I
:: '> 7; I!..: :ical
5 -I:.i.i .-.cj I>--. . : I . in).
\ISS. Y.,2:.;
. - I .0 . I.:.:: \ , ! ..\.. . . I ) .Ii l :.,,:.:z:
So:irry, Kui:,. Xi:; \ I 5 5 I$ \ S.7 51.
be1iex.e. should it a t t e m p t t o proceed, that i t might meet w i t h opposi-

tion-England would i n t e r r u p t the Expedition t o Louisiana, i f shc be-
liel-c the \Vat inex-itable.
P.S.
[England w i l l not el-acuatc XIalta-.41! depends on the first Consul
who mcst abandon the treaty of Amiens so far a s respects Alalta or take
11-ar.]
I\vish to explain t o you an interesting conversation Ihave lately had
respecting i i e ~ Orleans, etc. b u t I am really pressed b y r o m a n y
personal concerns, ctc. [and does not tell the conversation]
[In the margin of the le:rer the legend:] Conversation w i t h h l r .
.Addineton
L i n g to Livingston:;"
London, A p r i l 12, ~ S o j
Should the war tzke place: as Istill t h i n k i t must, i f the First Consul
persists i? respect t o Xlalta. i t i s t o be hoped you xiil have authority
t o assume a Principle. i n regard t o Louisiana, n-hich at all timer but
mcrc ealily i n T i m e of [Yar beriveen England and Frznce we can and
ought t o assert and nisinrain. T o the country xest of tlie Xli.sissip-,i
we ha\-e r.o claim, f;om ;he C o u n t r y Easr of i t , in virtue of the irre-
vccable renunciation of Frznce, and the d u t y rve 0;:-e t o otirselves
and posterity, we have the ripht to :xclude lier lorever; a n d i t i s c::l?
b y acilierirg t o this princi7le that we shall be able t o preserve tile u r . i ~ ~ l
a;id protect the indepetidence of our country.
Lit-ingston t o I<inp:"
Paris 1j .4pril 150:
\ 1 i . \Ionroe arrixet! here last iiight--He l r f r S e n . l ori, the j t h - ' r n
my prear surprisr no a~;roi:tr.:e~it liar taken place for England where I
car:irstly n-ish ybu to re:ii;.ln.
[ i y a r i~nniinent.]
- O u r asairs look u p atid I have been pressed to bring forward m y pro-
pnsiiions bur as I k n e ~ v11:. 1 l o n m e war at H a i r e I declined doing so
trirh<>urconsultii\p hit11 I think honcvcr everything i s preparcd for
hi": a 1 1 11 zm assured [hat bad nc,t this measure been adcpted \ r e should
have cnme t o some co:lclusion b y this time because I could have
touched strings i h ~ tnus: no\r be left unt,muched ti!! he has bccn
here so Ion; a s t o acquire the personal conEdencc he merits. I rhic!. hen.-
cver a l l ail1 go a e l l - i t st.c,uld 1ir.n-ever aid us to have you at your post
nhere !-c,u are known t o keep a pr,d Ir.olc.ur j n l l 1 ha$-csometi:.cs had
<7cc25i>::70 [ u r n t!)ci: r::cs :,,.:::fird ~OII.
;.I: b o : : ~ m of l r : r ~ r : ]
,.
* );i..c I , , . , ~ ~ ~ . ~1 ., .:..!: . , ::, \; :;: I:, IU=;-'I'?C Ye.\\ Swk H:ct.,:iczl S,:ci:~y, R u l t ~ s
Ki: c\l:; E.V. 53
..,
as l.i5;.- . n to Kivv, l'iri.. .\:-i' t ? . I?:! l.\.l..~~-l!i~lio~ P ~l ~ o nci a~n = ,La. Am.
r s~
\ I S 5 \-lo:,.
. .
14th I have last night bccn called to a conference by h l r . Marbois,
formal propositions have been made me by ordcr of the first Consul so
t h a t I think you may consider t h a t negotiation is opcncd a t last-Mr.
hfonroe will be prescnted to t h e l l i n i s t c r this day. I gvill press as early
an audience as possiblc t h a t h e may appear in the negotiations in his
present situation. I can only have his advic-be pleased to t a k e n o
notice of this where you now are.
Livineston
c- t o Kine:4z
u
20th PIpriI, 1So3
l i r . Monroe has brought o u t no sort of information relative [ t o your
successor.l I have letters to l a t e in Fcbr-. from t h e President himself and
h e says nothing of it.
[>lr. Monroe sailed 7th 1Iarch.l
[Rclativc to French posscssions in America-1 I think they have no
rospcct of obtaining Florida a n d indccd 1 have gi\-cn u? the project.
Eeforc the arrival of Mr. hIonroe I had made some progress in a treaty
which I bclieve would Drove s a t i s f a c ~ o r ~ ' ahome.
t His anoointment
, has
given it some check principally hoa-cvcr on account of forms which I
think might be got over, it \rrould bc imprudent to go i ~ t furthero details
a t this time, upon which however you shall shortly hczr f:om me.
[England and France are hourly expecting r\-ar.]
I still anxiously wish :-ou to t c ~ . r i na t your post. Your abscncc will
not oniy be disadyaatageous on the account you mention but have a bad
ezect upon our negotiations here for rcajuns t h a t will bc obvious ~ O L . O U .
I have rcccivcd from h l r . Pinckncy a copy o f the trca:)- of lldefonro by
which it appears that the cession of Louisiana was made subjecr to al.
existing treaties, so that our rights are cxprersly reserved and ir is our
orvn fault if we do not cnforce them.
K i ~ gt o Livingston:"
London. .4pril z
:, rSoj
[Rcfcrs to astute diplomatic exchanges between England and France-
b u t n-ar looms.)
Send you the last Papcrs f r o m S e w York, the accounts from whence
say-the \Vestern pcoplc \rill wait t h e issue of your and Jlr. hlonroc's
King to Livingston:"
April 26, 1803
[Acknowledge receipt of 1.ivingston Lettcrs of April I jih a n d April
zoth.]
a Livinpton to King, Paris. April 20, xeaj !.4.L.S.)-Bibliothcia Parso?ianr, La. Am.
h1SS.
~~-~ \-107:.
,>
Ki.:p I > Livingsroa, Lozdn,, \ ? r i ; :, ~icj-T;,c S c r I ":: Hii:orical Sccic:)',
Rufus King MSS. B. V. 51.
sir.^ lo Liiingsion. London, .lpri! 2 5 , 1S:j-Thc S c w Ycrk H;.corical Society. Rufus
King 1155.B. V. 5s
[Embarrassed n o n c w s of m y rucccssor.]
Lctters from America, a s l a t e a s t h e 21 p a s t desiine h l r . M o n r o c t o
this hlissicn-my B a g g a g e is o n b o a r d ship engaged t o c a r r y me home,
d e m u r r a g e ( 1 0 p o u n d s sterling) p e r diem running.
[ I n margin:]
T h e John h I o r g a n t o b e d c t a i n e d t p 8 o r lo h i a y in hope of hearing
o f a satisfacror) issue t o t h e N e w Orleans Business.
Livingston to King:'j
Paris, 17 April, 1803
[Of opinion t h a t t h e r e \rill b e rr-ar.]
T h e First Consul is rcprcsenred a s t o o x a g n a n i m o u s t o recede from
t h e T r e a t y of Amienr relative t o .\laIra.
Lcrd \\-hitir-orth h a d not on .\londav night m u c h expectatiori of peace
as he himself told me. . . .
A n e ~ o t i i t i o nis o p e n e d b e t ~ v c e nu s ar.d full powers gi\-en t o l l a r b o i s
t o treat with us-\I-e shall I t h i n k accomplish ou: objects; hc h a s given
us 3 project, t o which I h z v e just dralvn a coun:er projec; a n d giver. t o
M r . .\lor.:oe t o consider, h e h a s becn u n f o r t u n a t e l y sick since he h a s been
here a n d suxered fo: some d a y s e r t r e m e l y bur is n o w u p rho he does not
yet leave his rooms-He h a s not ycr been presented nor I suppose will b c
till the Ij r h . b u t .-r h c has been i n t r o d u c e d toTallc!-ran? he is sufficiently
acknowledged t o go o n i:, r h e negotiations lvhich 1 had ocened before his
arrival a n d rvhich proc?e?s u p o n t h e grol;nd I had t a k e n a v e r ) - different
o n e h o n e v e r frorn t h a t c o n r e m p l a t e d b y o u r bove;nment t h o I hope a
most satisfactory one.
\.ou w i l l consider w h a t I s3!. u p o n this subject periectly confidential
there a r e very particula; rearons f o r i t not bcing knox:n even after i t shall
b e executed i f this s h n ~ l ? h. a p ~ e nt:ll it is kpproved b!. o u r governmen:.
Lib-ii:gston to I < i r . ~ : : ~
Paris 7.7 April ~ S o (j2 )
[ H a v i n g heard o! a rz!e messenger who gocs directly 1 a m induced t o
avail m:.r<li of it. H a j e rec'd y o u r s of the 26th.I
[ \ \ a r m a y be conridc::d as abrolutel!- dctermined U F O C . ]
Our o n n affairs s t a n d u p o n t h e ground;I had early t a k e n ( f r o m a con-
viction t h a t Mere t h e b e a u t i f u l c o u n t r y abovc t h e r i r r r Arkansas to
remain in the h a n d s of t h e F r e n c h t h e population of our c n u n t r y ivould
br drawn over t o i t a n i t h a t in n o v e r y distant period t h e \ \ e r r e r n S t a t e s
u.ould unite ivirh t h e m ) t a k e n rneasurcs b y setting on loot not only a
direct negotiation b u t i t h a t ( m o r e relied on a p r i r a r e o n c for o b t a i m n g
t h a t together with K e a O r l e a n s a n d I found m y propositions m e t n.ith
Liiinpcon to Kine. P ~ r i r April
, 27. 1813 fA.L.S.)-Bibli~thcca Parsoniana. La.Am.
31s; \L53:5
*IN! I.i\i?::tc!n 10 K k c , Pa:i:, .4p;,l :? (:?th) !<:; 1.4.1,.s,:~-Ei5!i0t~~c~i'ar5o"ilna,
La. 1.. 5 - : : LL::c~ ' ' ~ i s . l . ~ : j i: !..? be ,\I.]c," s i c a ~ > i n gro con-
1,.m:.:,r>. ":,.
253
charactcr or consideration b u t which I shall lcavc upon ihe footing of t h e

most favourcd and most distinguished nations and I trust t h a t m y suc-
-
ccssor and thc measures of our aovcrnment a t home will oreserve to it the
same rank.
Xlr. 3lonroc says h c has not thc lcast knob\-kdgc of his being t o succeed
you that nothing of it was said t o him or of anybody else rvhile h c was in
America.
[iVe arc to have Court day tomorron-last night (it was our night)
those present fclt Lord Whitworth would not attcnd.]
Livingston to King:"
Paris 2nd h l a y , 1903
I have but a moment to tell you my dear Sir, +at no doubt of war
remains. . . . .4t the le\-y Lord L\-hitu.orth did not attend.
T h e First Consul publicly declared that the terms proposcd by Britain
-
wcrc such as he could not accced to statinc. t h e oorsession of h l a l t a r o b e
one of them.
Lord \\-hitworth has applicd for his passports. I shall see him this
c\-ening and if any new matter turns up k r i t e t o you again.
Our affairs are fully and to rnc a t least \-ery satisiactorily arranged.
Should you go bcforc I write again I give m y best wishes for your safe
and prospernus vo!-age and for such reception in our countr!- as your
services h a ~ merited-Remember
c me afectionntely to nly friends and
t o our common friends, for such I t r u s t wc still hayc norr\.iths;anding rhc
diEerence of our political sentiments upon some poifits. M r . hlonroc is
so far recovered as t o go out-1 presented him yesterday t o the first
Consul. \Ve all join in our best wishes to your family.
King to Livingston:'"
London, I\la!- 3 , 1803
[Rcc'd yours of 27th past.)
And a m ?lad t o ; i e r c c i ~ et h a t you expect a satisfactory scttlcmenr of
the aFili: of S i w Orleans, [if possible press t h e business to a conclusion.
as the negotiation (betwten l..ngland and France) niay end peaceably.]
.Any settlement a h i c h shall leave rhe Commerce o i :he .\lisrissippi
under t h e control of a foreign State must bi too precarious to be relied
upon.-and nothing short of thc cnmpletc Vnion of S e w Orleans with
the Ccited States, and the consequent and cntirc exclusion of a foreign
lurisdiction can in mv belief orevent a recurrcncc of the embarrassment
&c have lately expcricnced.
. .
Will France conscnt to the Union and if so. uoon what T e r m s ? Her
true policy, rho' perhaps nor ours, would be a n unconditional cession.
She m2y cmsent to a cession on our paying a sum of l l o n c y : in this
*
~~ ~
tc Livinptor.. L sJ;.., > l a y 3. IS:;-T:e Sew Sc:L Hiixricr! S o t i c ~ y .R ~ f u r

~ i > g ~ 6.~ v.s].
~ ? .
*case would i t not be d a i r a b l e t h a t i t tho$d be agreed h a t the money

'should be a p lied t o pay h e r American creditors?
[Suggests: h a t t h c money n o t only p a y h e r debt t o o u r people b u t
.that she p a y surplus still d u e us.]
[She may agree provided w e give her s p e c i d t r a d e ~ d v a n t a g eo n t h e
tMississippi a n d in o u r ports, or t h a t she be permitted to use our p o n s for
her rivatcem]
$ct we should avo;d PU preiercncca.j
- - Paris 7th May, 1803

v o u r favor of3rd M a y rcc'd.]
[Lord Whitworth demanded his passports and whcn about to leave
was r q u c s t c d t o s t a y and new propositions made about Malta. m a t
will England do?] So unrcliablc a r c t h e politics of Mr. Addington t h a t
n o rcawnablc calculation c a n b e made upon thcm.
For ounclvcs we a r c happily so arranged p s t o render t h e appearance
of war no longer necessary to us. As this letter g m b y Doc. Seaman who
will deliver it into your o w n hands I writc t o you with fullcst con-
fidence bccausc there arc m a n y reasons t h a t t h e subject I writc upon
should not y e t be known whcrc you arc. I h a v e always believed a s I be-
fore told you that t h e possession of New Orleans alone would not rcndcr
us secure. T h c country on t h e othcr side of t h e Mississippi being nearly
equal in extent to t h e Unitcd Statcs and superior in point of soil could
not remain unscttlcd in a n y othcr hands but tbosc of Spain. Should i t b y
conqucst o r a n y othcr cause h a v c got into t h a t of England, united with
thcir other colonics it would h a v e proved a dangerous rival and perhaps
too powerful for us. If it remained with France from the rcstlas ~ p i r i of t
her peoplc, t h e overbearing tern cr of hcr generals wc would have been
E
in perpetual d l p u t c s . B c s i d a t a t thcy might have as indeed they pm-
poscd to doopcned a land office on such easy term as could havc drawn of
our population and rendered o u r landcd stock of littlc value. They might
also havc scnt thcir black troops and upon a n y dispute havc found a
grcat occasion of slaughter in o u r southern slavcs. Thcsc and m a n y
,other considcrations induced m c to set on foot a negotiation for Ncw
Orlcans and a part of thc territory o n t h e west sidc as bciog above t h e
mouth of t h e rivcrArkansas bccausc I kncw this to be thc best land nod
that which would most robably draw of our p w p l c this concurring with
l
the promise which t h e rst m o s u l had given m e personally to discharge
thc American debt and t h e argumcnta which I had urged of the inability
of a colony without iorts, t h c danger of attack from Canada, a c . , in-
duccd him t o dctcrrninc to rcll the wholc of Louisiana in its u t m w t
cxtcnt. About tcn days bcforc M r . M o n m arrived the resolution was
t a i c o and Tatieyrand prcsscd m e t o conclude and afterward M a r t a i l
(as was said in compliment t o me) was directed t o treat with me but as I
hadmommtlp -ti41 of Mr. hfoards arriv'al m d indeed had nor

direct insrnctions of any sort, I derliaed coming to any mndusion t i t
his amval as the s u b s q u e n t steps d a t e d only to lesser matters-it
sufficient to tcll you t h a t a t r u t y drtcd 30th April is concluded and
signcd for the whole wuntry. We pay our dtizena z,cm,ap Livrcs which
will m v c r all their daims, principal and intcrcst and as we havc dcfined
and limited them and a law sum in ' * beyond. We give no com-
mercial a d v a n t a p u q t mme of little moment in the ctded territory
only and that for but rz y u r a .
Thus you may mngratulatc mc upon having obtaincd by the most un-
wcaricd exertion a t r u t y which whethcr well or ill qcc'd I am contcnt t o
bc charged with to my latest p t u i t y . W e shall write you a joint lcttcr
in a few days, you will consider this as private and mnfidcntial and morc
minutc then I bclicvc my colluguc rill & w e thc othcr to be. I have
written latcly t o the president informing h i of thc lms I shall sustain in
yourabscnce, and expression of thc plusurc I havc rec'd from the
friendly and confidcnual manner in r h i c h you havc actcd towards me.
Accept my d u r Sir my sincere thanks and my b a t wisha for your
prosperous voyage I wish f o r o t h c r mnsidcrations, that it could with
convcniencc t o yoursclf havc been postponed. It is now become less
iniponant to mc to bc well informed ao far as it rclatcs to our great
object, but always pleasing and intcrerting upon othcr accounts. I havc
lcttcrs from N e a York of t h e 3rd April and nothing of your successor.
Everything quict at prcscnt. 1 havc not seen your son for this last fon-
night. M y grandchildren having thc whooping cough I am fcarful of
- sending for him.
King to Livingston?
London, May 7, 1803
[English ultimatum: (I) Military p s c s s i o n of Malta for tcn y a m ; ]
((2) Absolute dominion of thc Island of Lampidma] of thc cistcnce
whereof I was ignorant till I heard of it on this occasion."
[(3) Disposition in favor of King of Sardinia.]
[(4) Evacuation of Holland by Frcnch forced.]
w r . Tallyrand at last offen that Malta be gamsoncd by Russia,
Prussia or Austria as England should choose. Lord Whitwonh delays
his dcpanurc.]
P.S. I wrotc a lcttcr to you and Mr. Monroc today by duplicatc, onc
copy whcrmf will go by the first Engliah mascnger. Its objcct is to s u b
mit t o your considcratlon the pro rimy of cnahling me to wmmunicatc
to this Government thc carion erh'cn Orleans t o the United States, if
thc same has taken platc. M y motives for this stcp procnd from thc
opinion that an Expedition will be sclt from this Country to occupy New
Orlcans in case U'ar happcns ahich rculd not be sent if it bc scaronably
K i n g to Livingurn, M o n , May 7, 18oj-Thc N c r York Hismriul h i c r y , Rufut
Kinp h$SS.B. V. 51.
L m p c d u i a , nor (194j)'ocrhc tip of w c q &lbq.
256
known that the country has been ccded t o us. A mcsscnger w i l l be

immediately sent back b y L o r d \Yhit\\-orth b y whom your and M r .
hloilroe's answer m a y bc forwarded.
King to Livingston a n d l f o n r ~ e : ~ =
London >lay 7, 1603
\Var seems t o be quite inevitable.
[OtTer of France t o leave h l a l t a i n hands o f Russia ctc. i f made earlier
would perhaps have prevented crisis.]
I n case of \Yar, i t i s i h e purpose o f this Government to send an Ex-
pedition to occupy N e w Orleans.-If i t be ceded t o us would it not be
expedient openly r confidentially t o conlrnunicate the fact here!
Ihave reason t o be satisfied that i t n.ould prevent the projected Espedi-
tion-I shall remain here till 14th in hopes that Imay rcceirei-our an:wer
which might be expedited b y a courier, should the communication be
decnied prudent.
Livingston and l l o n r o e to King:JJ .

Paris 9 t h \ l a y rSoj
$ ; I .!
\Ye har-e the honor t o inform you t h a t a treaty was concluded b e t ~ r e e n

the French republic and the Gnited Scares of .\xerica c n the l o t h A p r i l
last b y ahich the first cede t o tile larte: the Island of S e i r Orleans and
the whole country of Louisiana. Ii a war sAould break out between
France S. Great Britain i t may be proper that the information should bc
communicated to the British G o v e r n n e n t . 1-ou may like~viseadd that
scrupulous attention has been paid so t o frame the treaty as nor t o inter-
fere i r l t h any riphts the!. ma!- have t o the navigation of the 3lississippi-
\\'e ha\.c the h ~ n o tr o be sir, w i t h the highest considerations,
Your most obt. sertr,
Rob:. R . Livingston
Jar. \Ionroe
1-i\-ingston and \Ionroe t n King:','

Paris . \ l a y 1803
q ; , ..
\Ye ha\-e the honor t o inform you ;hat a Treaty (the j o t h of April)
has been signed betaeen the h l i n i s t e r plenipotentiary o i the French
Government and ourselves, b y v h i c h the Cfiired States have obtained
full right to and sovereignty i n and o\.er S e n Orleans and the whole of
Louisiana a s Spain possessed the same. I f Sir >-oushould find i t necessary
to niake any con>niunication t o thc B r i t i s h Go:-ernment on this subject,
$: t L i : ~ c:a L i , . i n r s t . , : ~2nd \l,:q: ,<, I.<,:~OI>, 7, t6:j-Tl~r Sen York Hi:~orical
5 r i v r y . Rufus K i n e \ISS B. V. j j
[ . i \ i : > c $ ~ o n 1 1 ,crvr.tt, Xi:,?, I'.:i,. hlav q, t ' i ? : ,1,,5.,-Eib:i:,th~a Parstiniana,
. .
y o u m a y likcu.isi t n t d r m t h e m t h a t c z r c ha: becn t a k e n s o t o f r a m c t h e
T r e a t y a s n o t to infrinpe u p o n a v y of t h e rigli:j tila: G r e a t Britain might
c l z i m in th.: n a v i g a t i o n of t h e hfississippi.
W e h a v e t h e lionor t o b e Sir w i t h t h e mosz rer;cctful consideration,
i'ouri most o b t . scrrs.
R o h t . R. Livingsron
Jan. Llonroe
If h I r . King is a b s e n t
h l r . G o r e \\-ill b e pleased
t o comrnunicarc t h e s u h -
ject of this l e t t e r t o
t h e British G o v ' t .
H i s Ex'?
R u f u s King.
[ S o r e o n t h e re\-crse indorsed:] S I c s i r r . L i v i n ~ s t o na n d \Ionroe
, .\lay (sup;.osed) J I ~ S o j
Rec. I;
L o u i s i a n a T r e a t y wixh France
of .\p:il jo: ~ S o j
Livingsrrrn ro I;ing:j5
Paris 1 1 >la). 1Ic;
\Vc ?csterda).. O l r . l l o n r o e a n d my self^ r e n t you a letter b!- \ I r .
l\lcClurc c o r n m u c i c a t i n p t h e s u b s t a n c e of ou: t r e a t y b y this !-c?u t r i l l
h a v e a second in conrequence of t h e rec't o i your favor of the ?:!I. \I?
p r i v a t e 1ette:s to !-ou had e n a b l e d y o u roan:ici;are this e v e n t :.:rd 1 i!gpe
m a y h a v e answered t h e p u r p o s e ?esicn::e< in ::our 12.5:. I i ~ t i m a t e ?t o
you :hat t h e p u r ; h i i e h a d b e c n a yrei:!. e s r e n r i v e m e eatenl:ni. far
beyond t h e a m o u n t of t h e .\nierican clzl.ns bur rve hnxe renioccd b: I:;:
daneerous r i ~ a l(\vhe:hcr tb.i: g o r e r c r c n t c.: tiiat ~f Brirlin possesre<
t h e countr!-) for e t e r f r o m o u r shores. \Ye k.-vc ennbied oc: poverlll:-jcnr
to live in perperua! peace by a n r25i:ion t o its territory o! t h e finest
c o u n t r y in t h e n o r l a . a c q u i r c d t h e r e i n s of !iring a: ;?o \e:y dir:.nr
period abco!urely ir.de?endent oi E u r o p e o r t h c eas: Indie5 si!;ce t h e
produce ~f e v e r y rcil a n d of ere:: clln;:e r a y no:v be ioul:l or placeil
xvirhin o u r o.:n cou-rry. w h a t e v e r t h e o?i;li3n o f t h e prcsclit Lay nla:,- h e
I a m c o n t e n t t o s t a k e my political character \virb. p s t e r i t y upon r h i i
trcaty.
I c a n n o t tell y o u preciselv w h a t t h e answer t o Lord n'hitworrh's last
proposition will be. I s a w h i m last night a n d he appeared t o e n t e r t a i n
hopes, this C o u r i e r !vill ho\ve\.er give you full ir.forrnarion as h e is tc
receive his a n s w e r this d a y . T h e f a c t is [ h a t t h e peoplc aSr,ut court
a n d part;cul..rly t k e iamii: of t h e 6-rr. c n r. r u.! a r e. .es:rentcly i c r i r c c i PI
peace but h c !17? I : i i ? i \ S ? f a r c ~ ~ r , c . ; i : e .:.:r:tt.:
: 2 : to TI.?^.'. i t i l l ? .
I i : . : 0 K c , 5 , . 1,. j .iL 5 -L.~'..:!. La. .I.::.

P~:~.:.lz:::~,
:\l>,5 Y - I C , ,
...
INDEX.
Original. PrinL
W o t e o I j ~ 3 t i c a01 the p e e - 46 25.
l h u m e n t A, annexed u, Toteping drporiGon - 47 26
Ccni6cate of pari2h judge - 4 26
Traduccipn Franpise - - 49 26
Gorcnor'a eenificatc - . - . 5 0 2 l
English tmnalation oldocurncnt A - 51 27
Cuti6mte ofnorary ss to aignaturee - - 52 18
Clovernor'. cer66ute
W m c m 8,plan. 6.rura1ivo
- -
-
-
5
53
3 %
21
Tmdcau'r crnificrrk therelo - - 54 21
Surreyor ;cncral's do. - . 55 30
Trnnala~ionof documrot B - - 56 30
Tcm.lation o[Tmdrru', cerli6rats ,- - - 57 30
&pailions -
ofE. B l u u m u
- .-
- -
-- 59
60
31
31
o l Antainc C r u u t - - -
62 33
Dosumcnr A No. 6, fmm 1a.d sau% No. 2 1 - - M U
R y L t c r ' s ucrti6mte la l o v i n g - -
65 34
- -
' A
T m s l a t i o a of document A No. 6 66 34
A q u r n e n ~ aa( counsel u u, cridcncc
Eolrp on rninuteb61ing m e for the 201h Msy
- -
67
-
10
SS
36
conlinuance o l - - - -
71 n
b i n ; msc Tor thc 81h June - - -
71 n
continuance o f w c unril 12th - -
71 n
opening o l c n l e - .
72 n
rraumplion and submisrion or- - - -
72 37
Abauacr of cridcocc oKemd b y plaintiff. -
73 3a
Dtpoaitiaos t a k e r b y commiaaioners, M a r c h 4 , 1848 - - -
75 39
o f Louis Bringirr - -
75 SJ
or Louis Boullgny, - - -
81 41
Gmmiaaioner'o crni6u:e -
86 44
Document C, r c f e m d 13 in Torc,piag deposition -
86 44
Cedibate of Tmdcau hereto - - -
87 44
Dacumcnt D - - - - W e
Ccrtihcate olTrudeau thereto - - - 9 0 4 5
T m a h t i o n o l d o c u m c n ~D - - 91 -46
-
Traoalation o f c c d f i r r l c
Addilional testimony of Look Bringier
-- -
92
33
-
-
46
47
A d df L+alature o l Louisiana crating officeo r a u n c y o r g c n c d 94 -48
Exhibit A , Dinamom's aurwy o l M a r c h 17&, 1BM -
bocumcnr marked A , a p p i n t m m l o l J o h n D i n ~ r n o r s d e p umorrryor
l~
100
101
--
51
51
D a u m c n t markell C, order l o surrey cl$m o l M a L o n Rougc - 1M -
51
Deposition of Bcnj. Winchcetcr - - 1M -
52
Will of Maison Rauge - 104 -
52
copy o l Dimrnon'a .uncg'ollracc N o . 3 - 108 -55
'++ion ollertcr ofhioralcs, dug. 261h, 1796 - . 109 -
55
Lolur afF. Rendon u, M a L o n Roogc, Bug. lu,1795 - 110 -Y
Ruhrc I .Maison Rouge - - .- 111 -M
INDEX.
J u d e Bulknl's ~ u u m e n t -
h m c o t A, mmred la J u d e Bullard'a sulrmcnt
-
-
-
-
Oriinal. print\
1la
113
56
51
Document B, rrferred to in J u d c Bullard'= susernent- - 113 57
Document C. sc - 114 57
Document D. 4, - - 115 58
Document E, 4, - 115 58
Document F. - 116 SY
Document G, - 116 YI
Documen1 H, - - 116 59
Daument K,
8.
.a .a
- - -- I l l - 59
CPmndelct'. lrrur lo Filbiol, No. 9 A 2
Translation of do. -. - -
118
121
M
61
L t i r r from s r n c t o r a m , 10,A 1
- - - --,
-
-
- in
m a
cc
Tnnaktioo of foregoing
L t u r from ramc lo Mai.ao Rouge, A No. 3 t - - Ira 65
-
Translation o f f o y o i a g - - - - 13l 66
Lrucr from Fdhial to Mdson Rouge, A No. 5 - 133 61
Traoslalioo of foregoing -
Judge Bry'a d~poution -
-
-
-
- . .m
1% bl
h9
sale by Bauligny lo Ckrk, June 1~1,1804 - -
Sale by u e c u l o n or Clark lo b c r , J m q 26th, 1814
-- 145
149
71
;&'
&-men1 rs lo d o by exmuton to,Corc,March 15, l a 0 - - 151 75
bgrrcment between G x c and Tumcr, April 17, 1819
Psrtirion betxacn 6 x a and Turner, Msrcb 27,1BM
-
-
-
-
152 - 76
154 77
$4. from Caxc to Turner, April 19,1820 - - 158 79
Sale fmm Tumcr to Caxc, April 19.1820
Judgmrnt of h e court, A p d 19,1820 -
- -- 161'
163
FX)
81
Oder of appeal, April 19,lGQ - - - -- 167 m
Clerk'. serti6cnto - la, - 8 3
-
Jud,~e'*cmi6cnta
- - - - 168 84
Ciution ol.ppnl
&&a of "btion
- -
. lh9
im
84
B(
(Before you review the case, it is noted for your information

that our ancestors won the Civil Action Suit, June 19, 1848. It
was signed into law, June 20, 1848. To this day we celebrate
June 19 each year by family convention.)
U n i t e d n a t e s vs. T~mrrr's
heirs.
UNL.~EI) STATESDISTRICT COURT,

For fhc disfricf of Lrmiriann.
HEIRS OF HESRT TGRSER
vs. N o . 3".
TIIE UNITED STATES.
B e i t remembered tlrat, heretofore, to\vit,on the twelfth day o f June.
in the venr o f our L o r d one thousand eizlrt hundred nnd forty-six, the
heirs o f H e n r y Turner, by their attorneys, P r e n t i ~ srind Finney, cyr~.,
cnme into the office of the clerk of the said court, nnd filed their peti-
tion, which i s i n the words and figures,follo\\~ing, to wit:
T o the honorable Theodore H. hIcCaleb,jutlEe of tile district court of
the Uni!ed States lor the distrrct of Louisinnn.
T h e petition o f Sarah Tllrner, the wife of Jared D. Tyler, wbo-is
outhorized nnd assisted herein by her m i d husband; Eliza l'urner, ~ i f e
of John A. Q l ~ i ~ r i ~wahno, is i n like manner authorized and assisted b y
her m i d h u ~ b a n d ;H e n r y T u r n e r , nlrd Georse \Y. Turner, nll o f trhom
ore citizens and residents o f the State of hfi:sissippi, respectfully repre-
eents: T h a t these petitioners nre the w i d Sarah, former wife, and the
olhers the children and sole heirs and legal representatives o f H e n r y
Turner, dtcysed, \rho died on the day of , nt ,
i n the State of hlijsirsippi: of which State he1t.a~a citizen and resident;
that, R T SIICII wife, heirs and legal representatives, they are the owners
o f t h e following described lnnds ond heredi~aments,lxing and being in
the Srnte of 1.011isinnn. !\rilllin the jrrrisdiclion of thrs honorable court,
to wit, o part or tl~osetracls of land l y i n g rrpon the Washila river,com-
monly k n o w n as the "hlaison RolrgeGrant," and Irereinafter more par.
ticulnrly described; which lnnds, so owned by there petitioners, are
more particularly described upon n certaill rnap orsurrey of a i d M n i s o l ~
Route graot, made o n the 27th Narch, 1620, by John Dins~nnre,
deputy surveyor of the United States, by order of Thomas Freeman,
then surveyor general o f tbe United Stntes s o u t l ~of the Tennessee river,
~s follows: LOIS Nos. four, five, six, and nine, I y i ~ l g - o nboth sides of
m i d river Wnslrila, and within tracts Kos. one and two, of m i d grnnt
end survey; also lots Km. ten and eleven, o n the west side of the m i d
river, i n said tract N o . one, and about six hundred and thirty-two acres
of that port of l o t ten, l y i n g o n llle east side of said river, i n tracl N o .
two, a l l within said tracts one and two; also one undivided lourtll port
of trucLs Nos. lhree nnd four, of w i d grant and survey; tlre whole to-
gether n m o u n t i ~ ~tog fifty thousand acres, more or less.
A n d petitiooers ask leave hereafter to file n w p y of said map and
':survey, the m m k not being now i n their posreuion, which, when tiled,
w i l l be marked exhibit (A),and i a prayed to be taken [ns] part of him
petition.
United 6tdu va. Tbner'~he&.

\
And petitioners will proceed to slate plainly, fully,and substantidly,
[he nature of their clnim to the lands and hereditamenb before men-
tioned.
Thy state 2nd set l o r t l ~thnt
, on the 17th of March, 1795, the Baroo
de Carondclet, then tllc military and civil governor of ihr. provinie of
Lot~isinnn and West Florida, Don Frnrlci3 Rendon, the intendant of
the nlmy and deputy superintendent of the royal domain in the mid
province, and Don Joseph d e Orne, principal occotlntanr of the royal
treasuryof the raid province, tund performing the d d t i u of fiscal of he
royal treasury, entered info a contmct with the Marquis de M 81830 '
Rouge,a Frcnch etniorant, who had prop'oscd tobring into mid provinm
t h i l t j emiernnt f:l~t~iliesfor the purpoje of forming an wtalrlishment
upon the Washito river; by whlch contract l l ~ e yb o t ~ n dthe royal vea-
sury to dofrny the expenses of trnnspbrta~iono f s i d families and to pay
them besides from one to four hundred dollars i f a ~ n i l y ,nnd to give
them tracts of lnnd, k c . , as specified i l l a i d contract; which contnct
rrns approved by the K i n g of Spain, on the 4th of J u l y , 1 7 9 5 ; which
contrnct will be produced a n d el~eivnnt the lienring.
Thnt, in the beginning of June, 1797,mid Marquis de Maison Rouge
having nearly completed his establishment under =id contmct: nnd
having received no persollnl benefit in compensation therefor, rind for
the purpare of 6nelly settling nll dificulties in relntion to said conlnct,
npplied to the Governor Cnrondelet aforesaid, who had full wer nnd
nuthori~yin the premises, for n grnnt o l lxnd lo ltimself; tbere-
upon, said govcrnor ordered nod directed Don Carlos Trudeau; thb
royal eurveyor o r t h e province of Louisiana, to select from tlts royal
domain, for the said Rlnrquis d e Maison Rooge, thirty square lengnu
of land on the W a s l ~ i t oriver nforesaid, and to make a plan thereof, re-
feriing to cer~ninnaturnl boundaries, so thnt the same might b e identi-
fied; ond that, on the 1 4 t h J u n e , 1797, anid T r u d e m ~did mnke the
selection and plat1 required, and nnnexed tltereto his certificate, a copy
of \rhich is herewith Bled, marked erhibit (B), a n d mnde prc of 1hi8
petition, nnd the original of which will be proved at the h e a r i n g that
said figurative .plnn nnd certificate were reported and returned to mid
Gorcrnor Caroudelet,before the d?te of the grnnt hereinaner mentioned,
who thereupon, and i n express reference thereto, a n d with full rind am-
ple authority and power so to do, did, on the 20th J u n e , 1797, grnnt to
the mid Marquis d e y a i s o n Rouge, who was then a reaideot of mid
province of Louieiana, thirty squnre leagues of lnnd, ar ~ l e c t e da n d
designnted i n eaid 6gurative plan prepared and reported b mid Tru-
7
deau, royal surveyor cu aforwaid; which g n n t being trans ated, ia i n
substance as follows:
T h e Baron de Carondelet, knight of Lhe order of Si. J o h n , manhal
de camp of the r o p d armies, governor general and vice patron of tha
provinces of Louisiana and Wcst Florida, inapec~orof h e troops, k c : ,
k c . , for na much aa tha Marquis da Maison Rooge'is near completing
tbe establishment of t h e W s l h ~ ~wbich
n, h e whs authorized to mnks for
h i n y lamilied by the royal order of the 14th July, 1795, and ddr&
L
6 Ur.ited SIaItr vs. . T u m e ~ ' aheirs.

10 remove for the future all double respec(ing other familiea or new co-
lonisb who may come to establish themselves; w e destine a n d appro-
priate rsnclusively for the establkhment of the aforesaid Marquia de
Maimn Houge,by virtue of the pomen ,poled to us by the K i n g , thc
tbiny superficial leagues marked in the plan annexed to the bead d
tbia ~nstrument,'wilh the limits and boundaries designated with orrr n p
probation by the surveyor general, Don Carlos Laveau Trudenu, under
tbe terms stipulated nnd contracted for by the mid Marquis d e Maison
Rouge; and that it rnny at all times stand good, we give the present,.
signed with our hand, sealed with our s e d at arms, nod countersigned
bg the underwritten commia~lryof war and secrekry of hie n~njestyfor
this comrnnndancy seneral.
(Signed) T h e B A R O N DE CAROKDELET,
AKDRE L O P E Z ARMESTO.
NEW ORLEANS, the 20th of J u o e , 1797.
~ o t e ; ~ l a i , i n conformity to his contrnct, theMarqois A e AIaiaon

Rouge i~ not to admit or establish nny Americans i n the Ia.nd.in$uded
in his gmnt; signed tlle Baron d e Carunclelet;-the origiual of which
grant will he produced and proved at the-llearin~.
And petitioners over that the Baron d e Carondelet had full power
nod authority to make said grant, nod that the same was or might have
been perfected into n complete title, under nnd in conformity to the
lavis, customs, and uqes of the government of Spain, in the province
of Louisiana a f o r m i d , lrad 1101 the sovereignty of h e cGunlry k e n
transferred to [be Uoited Stntes; nod tbat said grant was and is pro-
tected and secured by the treaty between the United Smtes and the
Freuch Republic, of the thirtieth day of April,lE03.
Pelitionera further aver, tbat said Marquis d e Mnison R o u g e look
passession of soid grant and fulfilled and performed all the conditions
anoered thereto, wbich h e mas bound to fulfil, and continued in p-
e o n until the time of his death; h a t mid Marquis de Mnison Rouge
died about the day of -1800; tbat, previous to hin
i?
deatb, to wit, on t e 261h August, 1799, h e execu~edhis n u n c u p t i v e
m e n 1 in d u e form, by which h e constitu~edone Louis Bouligoy, a
resident of said province of Louisiada, his uoiversnl legatee, by virtue
whereof cnid Bouligoy became t h e owner of mid g m t ; that a i d will
was duly ordered to be executed; that said Bouligoy took possursion
.of the rrtate of mid Marquis de Maisoo Rouge, by 7irtu.e of mid will;
and afterwuds, to wit, on t h e 16th July, 1803, let of J u n e , 1604, and
1 s January, 1812, by s e p m t e a c b of mle of said eeveral dates, w n -
veyed a n d eold said tracb of land and his entire interest in Baid granl,
for good s o d valunble consideration, to one Daniel Clarke; that said
Daniel C l u k e , after cooveyio one undivided half of said grant, de-
parted thin life o n the J$7,4!day of August, lN3, lenvin- a will by
which h e iolaituled b' moG, h h y Clarke, hie universal heL and
I-, and a p p i n t d Richard Rclf and Beverly Chew hia axcaton;
chu a i d will was ordered to ba executed by the cauri of pobcru of the
Unired S!afes va. Turner's hein.
pariah of Orleana; nod that, on the 26th Janunry, 1817, tho said Cbew
nod Relf, lu execlltom aa aforesaid, ond an nttorneys in fact of a i d
Mary Clarke, sold to tho said Henry T u r n e r , by act of d e . o l h a t
date, for good nnd valunble considerntion, one undivided fourth p r t of
said grant to the mid Marquia de Maison Rouge; full pmof of which
. will be adduced at the liearing of [Itis cnuse.
Petitioners furlher atnte, that by variouamesne conveyanma o n e
Dnoiel W .. Coxe, n citizen of the Slate of Penn lvania, became the
owner and proprietor of the other.three fourths o K i d grant, and chat
by a n act o l partition executed by mid C o r e and Turner, on b e ZTth
March, 182J3, nod by dive^ ollrer acls and deeds of sale and uchangC
between said C o r e and T u r n e r , the mid Turner. becnme the sole p
prietor and owner; n n d said p e ~ i t i o q e r s ,hi3 ~ wile, heirs, and lsgnl
representatives, i r e now the propricton and owners ofglid lorn and
of lots above described in tracts Nos. one nnd two of mid grant, and of
said ooe undivided fourth part of trncts Nos. tllrec nnd four of the enroe,
na laid down in euid plan a n d described in said certificate of .Trudma,
a n d mid survey of Dinsmore.
Petitiooers ftlrther show, thnt by order nnd direction of T h o m a s F r m
m a o , then surveyor genernl of ,the United Stntes, ~ 1 1 tof h the T c n n m -
Bee river, Jolln Dinsmore, n deputy sun-eyor o l t h e Uoitcd Sutrca,m.ade
on the 2hh.MarcI1,1620, nn nct~tnlsorvey of the snid grant, in which h a
followed tlte prorevlid f i p r n ~ ~ ymu v e nnd ceruocate of the mid TN-
d e a u , of t h e 3 d t h J u n e , 1797; t l ~ a tenid survey wai returned and ap
proved by the said survey general, and that the pl~n'eisnow of record in
tire innd office of the United Stntes, and has eversince been recognised
by the Govern~ne.nt~f-the United Slntei n3 n true and correctaurvcy ac-
cording-mid plan, certificate, nod grunt of tlre Spxnish authorjtim, b y
withholding from public sale the lands embraced thereill as being em-
braced in enid Maison Rouge g:anl;" and nlso by tlleaction of both
brnnches of C o n ~ r e s sin relatiun therelo, and by continual assent of d l
the officersof Governmeut; that by saidstlrvey enid gmnt ia divided into
four distinct [rncts: numbered one, two, three, four, which warn
again subdivide0 into lots, as will more fully appenr by refercoce to acopg
pf eaid survey, to br herewith filed as exhibit '' A" asabove ment~ooed;
t h e whole grorii&n~nining two hundred n n a eight thousnod t h m ~ U D -
dred a n d forty-four supeficial arpenb or thereaboub; tl~ntby virtue of
mid grant, plan, ond survey, said thirty equnre lengues wera and are to
b e computed ercluside of nll lsnd embraced in said four m c l a o r
grancs held or po9essed by-other persons, by vinue of complek tit]=,
called titles in form or by incomplete l i l i e s , called f i ~ d e c r e e s o woce~-
f
aion; and should eaid traccl, embraced in mid survey of Dinunore, fdl
short of the amouutof thirty square leagues a f ~ e rexcluding therefonn
all s u c h L Lt i t l a in form aod 6ret dewecl of concesnion," then aid peti-
tioners clnim from the United S ~ a t e atheir one undivided fourth p l of
such other vacant laods M may be to aupply the d a b c y
w r d i n g to h e u u e terms, intent, and meaning of said g m n t ..... .:.
Y o u r petitionem further ahow, that a i d grant aod daim WM ~ b -
6 Unifed dtalcs vs. f i r ~ t e r ' heirs.

~
led, ill nccordance with the provisions of the nci of C o n q s s upon @a
subject, by the a f ~ r e s a i dLouis Bouligny, to the board of commission-
ern for the western district of Lollisiann, ~ p p o i n t e dby act of Congress to
e l a n i n e nnd repart t t p n auch clnima; whiclt board on the 1 4 t h . De-
cember, 1812, made n report thereon,in which they recognised thesame
a a a valid grant, nnd recommended the snme for confirmn~ion;nnd peti-
tioners herewith file n copy of he proceedings and report ofsnid board
of comrnissiooer3, which ismnrketl exhibit ( C ) , nnd made part of ibis
petition.
Y o u r pelitions further slnte, that they bave aotd n portion of snid lands
to vorioua pernone, who now hold under them, and by their permis-
aion, and wlto they prny nlny be permitted to join t h e m ' u co-plaintiffs
if they chwse so tc do.
, T h e y furlller statc, nll said l a ~ ~ so
d s claimed by these petiriooers are
claimed by the U n i ~ e dSlates ns a pnrl of the public donlnio, and that
the United Slnfes is by reason tlfereof interested lhereit~.
Wherefore, the premises heing considered, your petitianer~prny that
tbe United S k t e r may be made defendants hereto, nnd be cited, throiqb
heir district nttorney, to appear and answer this pelition, and that this
court \\.ill proceed to inquire into the validity of their title to the lnnds
BO claimed by t l ~ e mu nforesa;d, and nfier due proceedin53 hod, decide
upon the mtne; nod by n filial judgment decree thnt pelitionen nre the
tnle owners of ?aid inndsas agninst the United States, that the claim of
the United S ~ a ~ eise not valid, nnd that the claim of petitioners ia
lid therelo: nod oetitiooers ask for S I I C ~otl~erand funher relief a3
may aeem m i e m n d proper.
P R E N T I S S &L F I V N E Y ,
Fbr pelitioners.
n ~ s pnrt of the foregoing peti~ion.
D o c ~ ~ m e ninde
Ezhibif &, copy of Trudeou's certifiurle.
D o n C a r l ~ eTrudenu, ngrimensor renl y portlculrrr de la provincia de In
Luisinnn, k c .
Cenifico o favor del Seiior M a r q u a de Maison Rouge! pue 10s ter-
renos figurndos en el plnno que precede d e color de vermll~onpucden
contener trenln leguas plan-, (n favor,) el'primero pnno mnrcndo No.
I,wbre el nlnrgen derecho del rio Ounchitln. A lomar o cinco arpanes
mas ahajo delo voca del bnyu d e la Cheniera au Toodro, hnsln el bnyu
Caluntet, con el iondo correapondiente, afin d e completitr ciento y qua-
reota mil arpnnes plaltos; el eegundo pano, mnrcndo No. 2, wbre el
inargen isquierdo del n~isrnorio O u n c l ~ i h .n t o n ~ a ra dos legurn mas
abajo del fuerte miro, y en In plllitn llnrnadn I'aine, hasla unn legua mas
nbnjo de la prnderia de In con el rondo corrrapondien~epara complerar
w e n t a mil arpnnes plsnoe ; el tercero.pono, marcado No. 3, a tomar MI
frents del bnyu la Loutre, y desde ally sobre una linea tirade. del 8ur
scsenh y cinco adoa csle, hasla el bagu de Siar; aquelln linen el
T!
Lmyu Giar, el de nrtelemy, y el rio Ouacbita dive limitar; dicbo puro
Unired'E3utca vs. w ' t heirs.
No. 3 y el pano No..d, mhm 4 m a e n dqrecho dCI rio Owct$+, r

tornar en frente do la e ~ w d ,do s hayu Barthelemy. B a q p d o at rip
h u l a al hayu la Laulre, cuyM panos No. 3.y 4, w p , e l rondo cone.+
pandiente, deven cornpletar ooho mil t r u cicntoaquarenla y q u d t m k-
pane3 plan-, agregndas ccg Jos, p n o s KO. 1 y 2,'rorma,,una su+<i
[oral de drm cientos y ocho mil rres cientm quaranra y q u a 0 arpdoca
planw, igual a 1 ~ uen\n s J e g u ~ santeds., a rason de d o s m i l quinimto
i a cda p&
t o e m por lados, a cad@ legun lo q u e ea l a r n ~ d i o l r i ~ r a r en
vincia. Bien wtqndido que loa rerreorm incluidm en lea anreda. term
nos sea con t i t d a m Torma, a en vinud de primer0 dekreto de cooccaioo,
no deven entrar,en el co~nplementod e los anfeda. rei iota leg*; bim
el contract0 pran>e!n a1 Seiior Marque4 de Maison Rouge, de no prejur
dicor f n i n g ~ s o , d c10s occupanten, promeliendo de mantener y a p g a r -
10s en odrm4p,derechos, puea he a c+w,lrm anteds, treinta legu.ypode
cen algunas lirnilntion respecto i I u tierras o c u p d a s no avra p i p g ~ ~ o
incooveniei~tepara que dho. senor marques pucdese c o m p l e ( ~ . w . ~ ~ v
parnje,,qunlqu~eiadondeae hnllan tierins vacantes, y de fa,caaveniaxi@
y a mt~sfactiondeli n t e r a d o , y para q u e cona\e,dpy la preento con 4
pleno ,figurative que antecede, por modos de orden del seaor governador
general el SeEor Baron d e Cnrondelet; de todo lo q u e doy lo, a q w -
torze Jvnio, de mileetecientosnoveota y sietc an-.
Signed, CARLOS TRUDEAU.
Anqlado en el libro A No. 1, vergo 38 p u@a secada.
. E z l M it, being lh report @ efhabed oj mnhiaionm.
Louis B o u l i p y claims thirty square l e es of laod in h e w u n w of
y
Ouaihirta, by virtue of a grnnt executed y the Baron d e Fe,rqd$qt
in fnvor of the Marquis de Maison Rouge,bearing dpta , ~ ipt.gpti4 e
d v qf J u n e , 1797, which, together wi$ a plat of e u q q by D o n CU-
r .
IM Trudeau, a tition signcd by Daniel Clarke,pnd pn ,-wet
accompanying t e notice of the claim.
T h e undersigned cornmissionem bave ,compared the documen@ of
herdp
title filed in thin claim, vih (he translation of them in p g w 67,68

and 69, of the appendix tp the book entitle4 Land law^,'^ & c . , G
((
cod the said tranalation to be correct so f a r M it gaa. T b e cenificata

or (pro& verbal) which the surveyor general haa sdnegcd tn h i a p l v ,
not appearing i n wid book, a ,pandation of that document, q p h p r
with a copy of the plat, is transmitted for,the funher el~cidstionof tho
claim. K O oral or other {eatimony has.been odduced before tha
to atablish the qccupancy of any part of thew lands, pr $nt h r 0 . h ~
.w
been a compliance on h e pnrt of the grantee with the conditions'8tipa-
lated in the contract, exce t the cenificata under date of the 6th,bf A%-
f'
gust, 1803, signed by Gi bert Leonard ,and Manuel Anhire?, 10 lbe
translation of which, in page 69 of ,the appendix of mid book, the
commissioners beg leave to refer.
T h e undemigned have obaerved a remark in tbe 25th page of ~be,in-
rroductory pnrt of book entitled "Land Laws,'&c.," h a t no palent b~
, h u e d in tbe claim under.consideration. With great deference for
PEC.
CICI, D. C. 1E46.1-2
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..-
Umled SYdes ve. T w n e r ' s heirs.

authority, the underaigoed w m m i a i o n e r s cannot but be o l opinion t h a
h e instrument under date of the 20th J u n e , 1797, is'a patent for wbat
waausuallp in Louisiana denominated title in form, trsnsfzrring to the
Marquis de Maison Rouge the litle in a5 full and ample a rnnnner ss
lands were tlsually graoted by the Spanish government, subject, how-
ever, ro the conditions stipulated in the cotltmct wirh the governmen!.
The plat'of aurvey above referred to will h e found aubjoined to Lhts
REGISTER'S
OFFICE, @doUYas, 16 April, 1819.
I certify that the foregoitlg is a true copy of the report ~ n n d eon the
14th day of December, 1812, o n the claim of Louis Bouligny, among
otber claims to land in rhe county of Washirta; by the comolissioners
appointed for the pupe of ascertaining s o d adjusting titles anditlaitns
to land in the western district of the lnte Territory of Orleans, now Stale
of h u i s i s o a , and that in the wid report the foregoin< is classed among
claim6 which, in the opinion of the mid commissioners, ought ro be'
Given under any hand at tbe land office, Opelousas. the dnte above
LEVIS W A I L E S ,
RegGf~r
of fhe L o n d Ofie.
@ S e e a n act of Cougregg passed on the 291h of April, 1816, enti-

tled "An act for the conhrrnntioo of cer~oioclaims to laod in the west-
ern dis~rictof [he State of Louisisno and in the Territory of X i w u r i . "
"' Aod oftcrwerda,to wir,on t h e 13th day or June,1616, the following
cihtion was issued from the ofice of the clerk of [he mid court:
United Stntes district court, ai~tingin a n & for the district of Louisiana.
,
TO the 'marshal for the district of ~ d u i a i a n n or
, his lawful deputy,
greeting:
Yon are hereby commanded lo summon S. W. Down$, U. S. dis-
.hc( attorney, to appear before the honorable judge of the diatrict court of
f b a United States, sitting in and for b e district of Louisiana;pt s'dis-
tncl court to be holdeo at N e w Orleans on the iint Moodny of July,
1846, then and h e r e to answer a petition in chancery, filed againat the
.U~.ikd Starea, whereio tbe heirs of H e n r y Turuer ore petitiooera, a n d
he United States is defendant.
Herein fail not, and have you then and there tbia writ, with your en-
dorsement thereon how you bave executed the same.
Witnem the hooorable T. H. McCaleb, judge, this 13111 day of J u n e ,
Wew Orleans, 1846, and 7 0 h year of American indepeudenca.
L. E . S I N O N D S , Rep. Clerk.
?dm.-The defendant is to enter an'nppearance in the above cause
in h e clerk'e office on or before tha first hlondny of July, 1846, other-
at* the petition may be b k e n pro confesso.
269
QETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
Uniled S l a t e s vs. Tiuner'~h&.

filarshd's r e l m on thejoregoing cilrilwn.
Received this 13th day of J u n e , 1616, and on the 15th day of June,
1&46, served col~ie4of the within ci[ntion, plaintiff$ petition and docu-
menla annexed, on the within named the United S[nt,a, in the manner
following, lo wit, by handing the eamc to S. W. Downs, T:, di@d
attorney, in person, nt N e w Orlenns, and returned tKe ahme lnto m a n ,
15th J u n e , 1846.
F o r W. I?. W A G N E R , U.S. Jdurshd.
J. H. R I N E H A R T , Drp. U.S. M d h .,l ..,.
And afterwards, to.wit, o n the 26th November, 1846, &TJniird
States, by their district attorney, Thomas J. Durant, c a m e i n t o ibe'of-
fice of the clerk of mid court, and filed chs following answer:
HEIRS OF T O ~ E R
vs.
THEUNITED STATES. !
I n the dislrict court of the United Shtca for thedidrict of Locumana.
T h e defendnuts; by heir attorney, now come, and l o r ' a h s v ~ b
'contnined;
.-
plahtiffs' vetilion denv eenernllv all the facls and allewtiodacherein
..
Wherefore they pray to be hence dismissed wit11 cons.

THOMAS J. D U R A N T , A f f ' y , U.S.
And aRenvnrds, to wit, o n the lnt of July, 1 9 7 , the following eider
wns entered of record:
HEIR^ OF HEP~RY
TURYHB')
B y consent of Prentiss & Finney, actomep for ,the pl$ntitta,,nnd

T b o m J~. Durant, attorney for the defendant, it ia orderedthucdiq-
m i ~ l i o n sremain open, and the time for (nking leetimany in ~ h i aoao be
extended until the firer Monday of November n c x ~ .
And nfterwarda, to wii, on the .mth of December, A. D. 1847;rf;e
plaintitTs and defeodanta nppelred by their respective a t t o m q , , and g,d
i n the clerk's oliice t h e intenogunrics and c r m intermgatorica hernn-
afier copied ori page 33 et neq: of this transcrip, and therewilh,the fol-
lowing coneent:
It is agreed, t b a t a wrnmirsion my moe upon the foreppmg inter
rogatoricaand cr'&iotekr@arbriea, directed to any jtdice of the W r n
Louisiana, All objedions to'the competency of the testimony are m-
serred, but mere mottern of form in mode of laking h e m e ar@
waived.
New Orleans, 20 December, 1847.
THOMAS J. D U R A N T , ..
.4lforncy of the Unifed Sfdufvr f l u d u h f 6 -
.
P R E R T I S S 61 kTLNPIEY,
f i r canpl'&.
d d d furiher, o n the came dny i t h t IoHo~vingorder was entered of re.

cord,^^ wit:
H ~ r a os f HENRYTURYER)
7s.
Tas USITEDSTATES.
Upon motion o l S . S. P r e n u s , q., of co"n'&( for [he plsinllns in
the above c s u x , and filing t h e canseut (hereto of the district attorney,
it is 0rdered:that a c o m m i ~ i o obe irsued, lo isbe ~estimony,to be used on
the trial ofeaid cause, according lo the interrogatories and cross inter-
rogatoriea oo file.
A'od nnemards, lo wit, on the 4th of ~ n r c h 1849, . he following
ebheent lo waive replications nas filed of record in the clerk's office:
THEH E IOF~ HE.YR+
t
TURVEH
vs.
TEEUSITEDSTATES.
, I t ia agreed, between Thornas J . Durant, U. S. district attorney, on
b e part of defeodaot, a n d Preotim & F i n n e y , attorneys for the plnin-
tiffs, ihaf'replicatioo shall he coosidered as filed, and this cause at i s u e ;
@d &e d e p i t i o n s heretofore mken ahaH he read nr the hear in^ in the
M m e manner as if reeularlv laken d t e t re~licarioofiled: all obiections
to the competeocy of & e t e h m o n y hente ;re reserved. '
PRENTISS k FINNEY,
d
A l [ m y s or c u m p l o i n n n f ~ .
T H O M A S J. URANT,
Aflorny, U. S.
And furiber, on h e same d a y , h e fdlowiog releme of Louis Bou-
ligoy from liability and responsibility was likewise filed of record:
K n o w all m e o by t h e e presents, that w e , the underjigned widow
a n d heirs of H e n r y T u r o e r , deceaped, do, by theae presenla, forever
a n d entirely d k h a r g e nnd relense Louis Bouligny, of tho State of
Louisiana, from all liability and responsibility whntmever, either at
law or in equity, for dl w a r m t i e e and acm of snle made by the mid
L o u i s Bouligny to all or any part of the lands comprehended in whnt
iscommonly called the Maison Rouge grant; nod from all dcmnnds and
clnima wh-ver which a e may in a n y wise have ngainst him, e i ~ h e r
pq account of said act or acta of 8ale,or for a o y reawn whatever, hereby
wholly releasing and dixbarging him from t h e same.
v i t n e s a our handa a n d seals, at Nalchez, t b k twenty-8ixh day of
.Msy, A . D . 1646.. SARAH T Y L E R , SEAL.
J. A. QUITMAH. SEAL.
HENRY TURNE'R,
J . D . TYLER,
G.. W. TURNER. [SEAL.
fiigned, sealed, &.,in preaence or-
C. R. RAIL.cY,
1. T. MCMORRAN.
RETURN OF THE ANClENT ONES ...
And aflerwarda, to wit, on & e 28th of March, 184S,the foltowing

supplemental ankueer was, on the pair of the defendan-, filed by
T h o m a s J . D'uranr, dtorney of the United Statea for the district of
Louisinna:
H E ~ R ORF 'SURVER'3
vs.
TEEUNITEDSTATES.
T o l h e honorable Theodore H. McCaleb,,judge ,ofthe dbltict court of
[tie United Stntu for the district of Louisinna.
T h e aupplemenml arrswet of T h o m a s J. D u m n t , attoriey of the
United Stat- for the dietric! of Louisiana, and of the defendanu to the
bill of complainl aod petition of the Heirs of T u r n e r , complainants and
petitioners:
T h e attorney of he Uoited States aforesaid, and the defendants, now
and nt all times hereafter, ~ v i n and g reserving to himself and tha mid
defendants all and all manner of benefit or a d v n n ~ a ~ of ; exception
whicb can or may be bad or taken to h e m a n y errora, uncefiainfics,
nod other imperfections i n t h e said complainanb' bill of complaidt and
petition contained, for supplemental answer thereto, or unto m much
or such parm thereof as the attorney aior.esaid and these delendanta ara
advised ia or are. material or necessary for them to make any answer
unto, h i s defendant, the attorney of tba United Slates aforesaid, M-
m e r i n g , mi&: T h a t he is a stranger LO the ~ e v e r a lmauera a n d h i
in the mid wmplninan~'smid bill of com laint and petition w n t a i n T
and t h i ~defendant funher mith, that be j a i m s such rights and intCmna
under the treatica, statutes, and law pertinent to rhis malter, for and on
behalf of the United S a t w , UY. this honorable w u n shall be of opinion
that the Uoited States are j u ~ t l yentitled to.
And thia defendant denies all and all manner of unlawful mrnbina-
tion a n d confedemcy wherewith be is by the eaid biU nod peotion
charged; without thia, that there is any other matter, cause, or thing,
i n the eaid complainanb' eaid bill of complaint and petition contained,
material or n e c m r y for this defendant to make answer unto, nod not
herein and hereby weU and sufficienily answered, w o l d , traversed,
a o d avoided, or d e n i e d e o the knowledge or belief of thin de-
fendant. AU which e and ~ h ~ tnh g~ s~defendant is rcndy and
willing to aver, maintain, and prove, as this honorable coun *ball
direct; and humbly prays to be hence dismissed, with bia reasonable
COSUI and cbarges in &is behalf m m t wroogfully ausulined.
THOMAS J. DURANT,
Alforney o f i h Unded SYafu/or the disfricf of L o u i s i o ~ .
And nfterwards, to wk, on tbe 3d of April, 1648, h e foUowing r e p
lication, on behalf of be plaintifla, wea filed of rword by their auornoys:
14 Unifcd Sfdu va. T v n h r ' s heirs.

I n the district court of the United State!, for the district of Loui slann.
'
HEIRSO F HESRYTORVER
7s.
'I'HE USITED STATES. 5
T b e replicntion of all the cornplainank in the above named case to
the answer of the defendant:
These coniplninants, saving to thernselres all manner of exception to
insufficiencies of mid answer, for replication thereto m y , thnt they will
aver nnd prove their mid bill to be true: certain, and sufficient in law
lo be nnswered unto, nod that ihe mid answer of 111edefendnnt is un-
certain, untrue, and in?ufjcient to b e replied unto by these con~plain-
an&; without !hat, tbnt any other matter or tbing in said ansner con-
~ a i n e dm
, g,+in law ro be replied to, and herein not replied unto,
confessed an$ avoided, traversed or denied, is true. All which rnattera
and [things] Lheze complaioanls are and will be ready ro aver and
prove, as this honorable court shall direct; and they humbly pray ns
in their said bill they have alrmdy prayed.
PRENTISS 65 FINNEY,
Solicilorsjor complainanls.
And afterwards, to wit, o n the 6 t h of April, 1818, the following en-
try was made of record :
HEIRSOF E E N RTURNER
Y
V8. 132.
T ~ UXITED
E STATE'S.
O n motion of Prentiss s o d F i n n e y , wlici~orafor cornplnioanb, it ie
ordered by the court, tbnt the defendanla show cause, if auy they Lave,
on T h u r s d a y , the G[h instant, at 10 o'clock, A . N., why l l ~wi u~r t
should not o r d e r ~ b efollowing issues in this cause to be directed and
tried hg a jury w disputed fnc~s,accordiog to the power v a e d in this
court by the 2d section of the act of 26th N a y , 1824, entitled "An act
enabling the claimsots lo lands within the Slate of Missouri and Terri-
tory of A r k a m to institute proceedings to try the vnlidily of their
clairne;and the s u b s e q u e n ~ a camending
~ and reviving the same."
T h e cocqplainant moves the court Lhsl the following issuea at law of
disputed facts, in wotroversy in the nbove cause, be awnrded to b.? tried
by n jury before this honorable court :
la[. I s the document annexed to the deposition of CharlaTcsier,
purportlog to be a grant of thirty square leagues of l a n d , from Baron
de Cnrondelerto the Nnrquia de N a i w o Rouge, bearing date [he 20th
of J u n e , 1797, a genuine gram? A r e the signatures of Carondele1 an-
nexed thereto genuine? Was said grant executcd at the time of i h
date?
2d. Was said grant a perfect a n d cornplele graot nccordiog to the
laws, u a g w , and p s t o m s of Lhe Spanish Government, in relation to
granting lands in tbe province of Louisiana, at the time of im execu-
tion? Wns the Baron de Caronde,le[ the S p n i s h governor nt h a t time?
...
I
H a d h e [he power a n d authority, by the laws of Spain, LO make said

grant ?
3d. Is the original figurative plan nnd cer~ifiurte, hero produced to
the jury, and of which tbe document marked B , nnnexed to the depo-
aition of Charles Tessier, is a correct copy, which original purporu to
be n figurative plan and proces verbal of thirty superticia1 l e ~ g u c aol
land laid OKand appropriated for thc Marquis de Mai3on Rouge, on the
14th J u n e , 1797, by CnrIo3 T r u d e a u , surveyor genernl, ge,nuine? Ia
mid aignature, plan, and certifimke wbolly in h a bnndwntlog of eaid
Carlos T r u d e a u ? W a s %id plao and certificnte mnde and executed by
mid Carloa T r u d e a u , at the lime a l i e n by i u dnte i t purports to h a r e
been made, to wit, on the 22th day of J u n e , 17971 Is mid p l a n a n d
certibcate the m m e plao and certifiwle rererred to in the grant f m m
Cdrondelet LC Maison Rouge, mentioned in the t\v.o preceding b u m ?
%$a4 mid plan and certificate in eristence s t the dnte of mid g m t from
Caroodelet to Maison Rouge? W R Swid plan and certificnk the basis
df said grant and of the dexrip~ionand location of the lands embraced
therein ?
4th. W W said Carlos Trudeau guilty of any fraud in relation lo aaid
plan and certificate? Dill he antedate the m m e , or cause irs being done,
or consent to i t ? Is said plan and cenificate antedated?
6th. Was Carlos Tnldeau surveyor gcneral at Lbe time of the h
of said plan und certificate? Was he the proper officer to make the
s o m e ? Is said plan 2nd certificate executed according 10 the laws;
usagea, and customs of the Spanish Govern~nentat that time, in gmnl-
i o g lands io the province of Louisiana?
A n d afterwards, to wit, on the 6th of April, 184S, the following en-
try wa4 made of record :
T h e rule taken yesterday was this day argued by Prentiss for he

plaintitls, and Durant for the defendsnh.
T h e court then took the subject under admeemeot.
B o d afterwards, to wit, on b e 10th of April, 1948, h e followink en-
try was made of record?
HEIRSO F HENRY
TORYER
va.
T E EUNITED STATES.
y : .
T h e court bavin tahen under consideration (he motion enlered on
the 5th say of Apri , lbls da) ordered the following isauea to be directed
to a n d hied by n jury es disputed facu :
Issues.
Fim. Whether the documeni annexed to the deposition of Charlm
Temier, p u p r t i o g to be a grant of h i r t y Ieigues uare of l m d , from
t h e Baron de Carondelet to the Marquis de ~ a i w n x u ~ aod e , bearing
16 Uniied Side$ vs. Tiana's heirs.

date rhe 20th of Juoe, 1797, be g e n u i n e ; whether the mgnaluru or
Caraodelet there10 a n n e x e d , be genuine ; whether eaid document \ru
secured at (he time of its date.
Second. Whether the figurative plan and certificate here produced to
the jw, and of 'whicll the document marked 3,and annexed (o the
dqpsition of Charles Tesaier, ie acorrect copy; which original purporm
to be n figurative plnn a o d procks verbal of thirty super6cinl leagues of
land, laid otT nod appropriated for !he Marquis de Noison Rouge, on
the 14th of J u o e , 1797, b y Carlos T r u d e a u , surveyor general, be ori.
ginal nnd genuine; wllether mid signoturw, glnn, nod' c e r t s c a k be
wholly in the h a n d w r i ~ i n gof said Carlop T r u d e ~ u ;wbether said plao
and.certi6cate was m a d e a n d executed by mid Carloe Trudeau at the
time when, by its date, it purports to h ~ v abeen made, to wit, on the
14th of Jone, 1797; wbetber mid p l ~ nand certi6cate be !be same plnn
and cedifieale referred 10 in the g n n l from Camodelet 10 Afnisao Rouge,
which grunt is mentioned in the preceding issue; whether mid plan and
certificste wtu in existence at the d ~ t of e mid grant from Caroodelet to
Maison Rouge; whetber mid plau and certi6cali was the basis of mid
grant, aod of the description nnd location or the lands embraced therein.
T h i r d . Whethereaid Carlm T r u d e a u was guilty or any icaud in rela-
tion to mid p l ~ na n d certificnte; whether be an~ednted ibe eame, or
caused it to be, or consented .bo i b being, antedated; and is the eanle
ante-dated?
Fourth. Whether eaid Carlos T r u d e a u pus surveyor general a! the
time of the dnte of mid plnn and certificate.
And anernards, to wit, oo the 17th of April, 1846,the following en.
I ry woe made of record:
H u ~ of a HESRYTGRNER
VS.
TEE
UNLTED
STATEB.
B y consent of counsel for plaintiRs and defendnnts, tbis came a a s
tixed for trial on T h u r s d a y , the 271b insrant., nnd the marshal was or-
ddred to summon R iurv for tbe trial o n h a t day or the issues present-
ed aa lldisputed kc$."-
A n d anerwnrds, to wit, o n the 1 9 t h ofhpril, 1846, the following or-
der IVW entered of record:
HEMSof HENRYTVRSER
Ye.
TEE UNITED STATER.
Upon motion of P r e n t i s and F i o n e y , counsel for (be plaintifi, it is
ordered that a a u h p n n duces tecum he issued to Louis Briogier to
bring into court the following documents, to be used a4 evidence in
this case, to wit:
T h e orignal plan and certificate. or roc& ~ e r b n lof the Mnisoo
R o u g e grant, made by Carloe T r u d e a u , Puoe 14~h,1797;aIao [be copy
of the aame in Trudeau'n b a n d w r i ~ i o g ;bolh docurnecla .being in Lhe
the hnnde of t h c w i d Briogier, as aurveyor general.
/J75
Uniled Sku vs. %m's hain. 17
And ahsrwarila, to wil, o n the 27th of April, 1 9 . 8 , the following en-
try was made of record:
U. 3. district court, February term, 1868.
H r r ~ aof H.T o ~ r d a
vs.
T h e UNITEDSTATES.
T h e isaues in h i e c u x ordered, on t h e 1Chh instant, to be Lried b
fore a jury a~ "disputed facts," cams regularly up for trial t o d a y . T h e
follow~nggentlemen were named and +ern as a 'ury to try slid k u c d ,
to wit: L. S t u r t e v ~ n t ,J . B. Flotte, G o . R. L,l.
Wm. Gray, C. K. Bullard, E. F. Mioton, W. H. Ricz, W m . Hew-
P . Eaniaod,
eon, H. L. Lonsdale, L e o n Queyrouze, nnd J. N. Riculfi.
After henring evidence,both oral and written, in connection with Lhe
original documents submitted to their inspection, the j u y r e t i r e d , wilh
J. P. Harrison, eq.? as foreman, and, after w'nsul~tron,ieturned into
court a i t h their verdrct in the terma nnd word3 following, to wit:
" 1 ~ [ . W e , the jury, find the first issue in the affirmative.
"2d. T h e j u y also find the second issue in the f i r n a t i v e .
"3d. T h e jury find t h e third i e u e in the n i p t i v e ;
fl,
"4th. T h e jury also find he fourth issue in h e afFirmativo.
"April 27th, 1648.
(Signed) J. P. H A R R I S O N , Fbr-."
Euidence.
T h e documenls, k c . , orered by the counsel for the plainti68, and
admitted ~s evidence before [he jury in open court thin day, are the (01-
lowing: --J
lat. ~ h e s i g i plan d and certificate, or proch ierbal, of the W m n

Rouge made by Cnrloa Trrrdceu, J u n e 14th, 1797,and the w p y
of the mme.in Trudenu's hsndwritiog; both produced by Lou,k.Bno-
gier, esq., in obedience to the subpce. ducea lecum hercinancr wpiad,
and restored to him after the return of the jury w i ~ h . t h e i rvcrdiuioto
court, the former marked "NO. 1 5 , B," and the latter "No. 30, My"
2d. T b e deposi!ion of C arles Tessier. Ioterroga!oria rind arbwpm
accompanying documen - 3 d k r k e d <'A and B ."
3 d . T h e d e p i t i o n s of Mnzureau and Anloins Cruzat, ~ a l t ~ t ' l b ~ f
March, 1848, before N. R. Jenningn, wrnrnirniooer.
4th. A translation from the S niah of a letter of Don ~ b i I i b ' d a ~ & +
ga
trop, dared New Orleans, the 1 tb of J u n e , 1797, which c r a a s l a t i o ~ , b
a w p y from the original made by Levin W a i l a , r 'ster laod,,o5ce,
and is identified by this endomemeot, "A No. 6, in y e m o p ,&it." .,
&bp- &CW facum to L. Bringis.
District wurt of the United States,for the diatrict of Louiaiaaa.
T h e President of the United States, to L o u h Bringier, slirvcyor gcn-
eral, k c . .
Y o u are hereby commanded ta be and appear, and Lo bring wirh you
t h e following documenra, to wit:
[Rea. cxcr, D. T. 1848.1--3
<
276
16 U d e d S l d w va. Turner1*
T h e original p k o and certificate, or prc& verbal, of the Mnison
Rouge grant, made by Carlos Trudeau, June 14th, 1797; also l l ~ ecopy
of Lhe aame in Trudeau's handwriting, (both documents now lo your
y e s i o n as sumeyor general,) before tbe diarict court of the U o i t d
, the said district, to be holden at the cily of New Orlrana on
~ L a l e s for
the twenty-seventh day of Apri1,A. D . 1648,then and there to ba used
m testimony i n a certain cause now depending therein, and to be tried
between the Heim of Henry T u r n e r and the United Stat=, nt 10 o'clock,
A. M.; and herein fail not, under the peoalty of two hundred and 6hy
dollars.
W i t o m the honorable Theodore H. McCaleh, judge of !he district
court of the United States, at the city of New Orleans, thin
[BE&.] twenty-fintday of April, in the year of our Lord one ~houssnd
- -, ,and in the 72d yenr of Ameri-
eight hundred a n d forty-eicht,
&I independence.
N.. R.
. -. . J.E
-N.N - GS. a k .
.I N
BY ROBT. M. LUSHER, ,
Dy. dk: U.S.dbt. corpl.
Marshal's return on &/oregoing.
Received 21st April, lE46, d on the 22d day of April, 1848,aerved
"% G
a copy of the withln s u b p n a uces tecum on Nr. Louis Brio cr, nur-
v q o t general, k c . , in person, at hie domicil in h e city of ew Or-
leans. R e ~ u m e dApril 26th, 1818.
JOS. P R A D O S , Jr.,
Dy. U. S. Marshal.
C o o n of the United Stntes, for the diatrict of Louisiana, to any j d c e

of the peace of the State of louiaiana.
K n o w ye, that reposing s ecial trust and confidence in your integrity
\ .
and ability, w e hereby a u t onza and require you, chat you call and
cause Lo come before you Charles Tessier, and him duly examine o n
m h muching and wncerniog certain mattera and thin in a cau* now
depending in the said court, wherein the Heirs of E enry r Turner are
plaintifre, a n d the United States are defendants; and the same exami-
nations, po token end reduced to writing, you certify uocler our hand
i
and e d , and send enclosed to this court witbour delay, to a read in
evidence ou h e rial of mid cause, and send elm chin writ.
Wimem t h e honorable Theodore H. McCaleb, jud e of said court,
%
a t the t i t y of N e w Orleana, thin 27A day of ecember, anno
[BPLI..] domini 1847, a n d the 72d year of the independence of the
United State8 of A'merica.
N. R. J E N N I N G S , Clerk.
U d e d SLde ve. l b n m ' r ?Am.

Itr?errogaforiu -ed lo fheforeping canminian.
District court of the United Stat-, district of Louisian~.

Interrrogatoriez to be propounded to Cbarlea T&Er, a witnera reaiding
in the parish of Elut Baton Rouge, the amwern to which are to ba
read in evidence on the pnrt of [be cornp1aiaanf.g GU tbe bid of the
nbove named suit:
Int. 1st. Whnt in your age, and in whnt S ~ a t ea m n u y were you
born ?
Int. 2d. Did you hold any official 'atatiom in Louigiaoa under cho
S nieh overnment, or since the change of government; if yea, whal
g .i
o cea dl you hold, and during what lengrh oftime;. do yoo.hold aoy
public office now; if so, what?
Int.3d. Who were the pemna, durin the adrninigration of Gov-
ernor Carondelet, upon whom devolved 8 e duty of fillin up ibo.bbdy
of the granls of land made by said governor in Lwkinna. f
In;. 4th: Pleaaeexamioethe document marked (A,) herbo an*,
purportin to be a graol of land made by Governor Carondele( Wlhe
Marquis f e Maison Rouge, and &ate in w h w handwriting h e body of
the grant ie; and what ofice, if any, did aaid p e m n fill;
who wrota ha
body of a i d grant?
. Int. 5th. Are you, or are you not, aquainted with h e handwriting
r
you or not ohen seen &em write and si their names IT;
and signature of Governor Carondelet and Andres Lopez Armeato; have
were you acquainted wih said Armeato; di he !ill any o5ce; 1 w w h a ~
nffire 7
Int. 6th. If you are aquainled with the handyriting of oaid C m n -
delet and said Armesto, k e n data whether their Bignaturea dqc-
ument', marked (A,) are or are not genuine.
Int. 7th. H a d you,or bad ou not, any p e m n a l kno.dedge of iha
1&.
issuanca of mid grant& h e arqula do Maieon Rouge; if you had,
atate when it .wan h u e d , auo slao how you a q u i r e d your. knowladga
. ...
and informalion ,& the bubjecl.
Int. 8th. Was mid document, marked (A,) a perfect or an imperfcd
grant according to the usagea m d cuzLom of the Span& goqernmen!
In Louisiaoa at that time; wsa, or waa iinot, under the S p L b gov-
ernment a "titulo en forma;" what wcrs such a <'Litulo on forma;': WkD
it evidence of a complete and perfect g m of~ land, or wes it DC-y
for the grantee to obtain still further and other ibtrumenls ef ~ l d e or ,
comply with other formalities; to give him a perfect legal right Lo h a
land ?
Int. 9th. Were you, or were you not, well acquainted and f d i
with (he operations, forma, c u s ~ o m and
, ueages of the land d o w a a l
of the Spsnish government of ,Louisiana undei Governor Carondclet;
L
20 Uniltd gale3 vs. T b n e r ' s heirs.

and how did ~ o acquire u your information? Please examine the ao-
nexed dorument, mnrked (B,) purporting to Le a cop^, certified by
Louis Bringier, surveyor general of Louisiana, of a plao or m a p , and n
certifimte made by Carlos Trudeau, late surveyor general of the Span-
ish province of Louiaiaoa; rend mid certiscate or procrsr verbal, w m -
pare it with the graot or "titulo en lorma," and atnte whether or not
the origioal of said plan and certificnte is not the plao referred lo in said
grant a4 being ot the head of it; and had not the perwli, who drew u p
, ~ bodye of said grant before bis eyes,nt the time h e aaid plan and pro-
cew verbal of Carlos Trudeau?
Int. IOlh. If you slate, in answer to ony previous interrogatory, that
you held an office under (he Spanish government, lhen stale whether
1h6 duty of filling u p graocs of land ever devolved upon yon; if it did,
under what direclion did you 611 them up: were your directioos mere-
l y verbal, or did you or did you not in addition consult the surveys and
cerii6cales of survey which had been previously made of the land
granted?
Int. I l h . Were you well acquainted with the lale Carlos Trudeau;
if w , when, how loog, and up to who1 time, did he laold the office of
surveyor general under the Spanish government; did h e bold any pub-
lic office aner the change of government; if so, what; which wan hia
character and repurntion for competency, inteuigence, and probity; ban
it: ever come to your knowled e that, i n a n y judicial or extra-judicial
investigation of S p a n i ~ hland t i j c in Louisiana, aoy act of said Carlos
Trudeau was charged with being auspicious or.lraudulent, or with bav-
in proceeded from corrupt ~ ~ o t i v e a ?
T o t . 12th. U p to wbnt period of time did Govemor Cnrondelet con-
tinue in tbe office and exercise the functions of governor of Loui~iana;
who was his s u c c e w r , a n d when did h e arrive in Louisinoa; did or did
not Governor Carondeler cootioue in office, grant land, nnd ererciae
the o ~ h e rfunclions of governor, until the arrival of his s u c c m r ; and
please slate particularly whether aaid Carondelet wns or was nor acting
ae governor of Louisiana at the time said grant w& m a d e lo Maison
Rouge, tn wit, on the 20th J u n e , 1797; a n d did or did notanid Gover-
nor Carondeletrnake other r a n b of land subsequent to that period?
.. Int. 13th.. I n whose haniwriting a r e the following words at the foot
of tbe grant, marked (A), to wii: Nota. "Que en conformidad de su
w n t r a h el Marqucs de Maieon Rouge, n e admitera e n eatahlecera en
Ias t i e m d e nu conceaion Americana a p n o ; " nod do you recogniw
h e d p a t u r e " E l Baron de Caroodelet, at the bottom of aaid memo-
randum; is i t t h e genuine signature of Governor Corondelet or nor?
Int. 14th. Please read said two affidavim, and state whether any of
Lhs facb therein stated are true to your o w n knowled e, and point nut
fi
the =me, except so far a s you have already ahled t e m in your pre-
vious noswere.
101. 16th. Slate what public officers, if any, said Jean Mercier m d
Pierre D e r b i p y filled, both under the Spanish k r r i t o ~ da n d Slate p
Unifed 9det ve. Tmnci'a heirs.

vernment of Louisiana; and what was their character for intclligencc,
veracity, and probity?
Int. 16th. \)ow the document marked (B) purport, upon ita face, to
be a plnn, map, nod descsipticn, or p m c a verbal, of an actual survey
previously made, or is it a mere 6gurative plan made in that actual sur-
vey; atate whether it wm or waa not the custom of the Spanish govern-
ment to make grants, traced upon such f i y r a t i v e plan, without any
actual survey; and #tale how such f i p r a t i v e plans
were made, under
w h w e directloo, and whether such figurative p aoa were or were not as
valid and effective to support a grant nz plans or m3p3 made upon an
actual survey?
Int. 17th. If you know any thing further of advantage to wm-
plainants, pletue a a t 6 the same tw fully as if p k i c u l n r l y iorerrogated
thereto.
(Signed) P R E ~ T I S S& FINKEY,
C b m p M ' dicilors.
Go33 iderrogalaries.
REIRBOF HENRYTURNER
VB .
THEUNITEDSTATES.
District court of the ~ n i i e dStates, for t h e district of Louiaiana.
Defendmts, by their attorney, file the following cross interrc&oria:
Firat. Have you a n y interest, direct or indirect, i n h e event of thi3
auit?
Second. Are you related to any of the parties plaintif?
Third. I f you stnte the names of the pemons upon whom devolved
the duty of hiling u p grants o l land, then did rhme persons bold sn
official atation; what was the narue a n d character of that station?
Fourth. Was t h e o 5 c e mentioned in t h e founh chitf i n t e n m t o t y a
principal or a subordinate ofice; was the officer a p i o t e d by &e king
YI
or the governor; if the office was suhordiuate, a at deparunent waa it
attnched lo; who was the head of the department?
Fifth. Did you ever seecarondelet and A r m d o write their names;
and, if so, bow often?
Sixth. Did you see Carondelet and Armesto,or either of them, &p
their names to the document d ?
Sevenrh. Were you educated to the profession of the law undar the
Spaniah government; or did you study and bemrne familiar w.th i h a
laws of Spain and her colonies, or any part of them; and, if m, what
pan?
EizhtL. Did you Bee the words referred t o in t h e thiz+eenth chief in-
terrogatory written in your presence, or h o w do you know b a y were
wriueu by the p e m n you mention?
Ninth. If you know anj. thing further to benefit the United Ststes,
the defendanta h e r e i u , p l ~ s l a t ethe aame a.3 fully as though and t h e m
unto specially interrogated.
T h e attorney of the United Slam specially objccb to h e eighth and
280
92 United Stoiu vs. %no's heirs.

seventeeolh chief intencgatnries, conridering them u directed to mutern
of law and not io masers of fact, a n d h e declines diogeiher tn offer
c r w i n t e r r a p x i ? thereynto; and h e specially reeervcs, on behalf of
proceedings.
-
the United SWe4, [he r ~ c h tto make all other lceal erc.eotioos
0 -, 14 he
(Signed) T H O M A S J. DUFLANT,
Attorney afthe United Slates,for the ddisfrid 6 L~uisiona.
I Clerk's office, district coun of the United S ~ a t a .
I hereby cenify, that the f o r w i n g are true wpies from the original
on file.
In tesiimony whereof I have hereunto ai ned my name and
[BEM..]
Dxember, 1647.
%
&xed the aenl of mid court, at New rlenns, h i s ZOh of
N. R. JENNINGS, e k .
I Annwr oj Charles Tesier to lhejoregoing infenvgdories.

STATEO P LOUSIANA,
Pmish oj East Baton Rouge:
B e it remembered, that on this fourth day of ~ a n u a r ~ ! c i ~ h r e hun-
dred and forty.eight, by virtue of he aonered colnmim~onrreued from
en
Lhe.honorable the dmlrict court of the United Smte4 far Lhe district of
Louisiana, at New Orleaoe, in aaid district, on the 2% day o f Decem-
ber, 'A. D.1&17,'directed to "any justice of the peace in the State of
Louisiana," to Lake h e deposition of Charles Tessier, a wirn& for the
corn lainaors in a c e m i n cause now pending i n said court, wherein t h e
the .beirb o f Heory T u r n e r are wrnplainao~s,and the United S-
are defendants, on the, annexed and foregoinz :l~errogatoriesand c r m .
interrogalories, I cauaed mid Chnrlea Teeaier, a person ofsouod mind
a n d lawful age, lo come before me, James Cooper, a justice of t h e
ace, dul commissioned and qunlitied, for.the pariah of. Eaat Baton
guge State aforesoid, at the town of Baton.Rouge in t h e said
pariah and Stale, who, being by m e first duly cauuooed and m o m
h e anewera to make lo aaid interrogatories and c r w interrogatories,
did d e p e and my as follows:
T o 1st intenogetory wirness anawera: T h a t b e is now upwardn of
seventy peara of age.
Ans'r. T o 2d interrogntory * i t o m nnawers: T h a t he was principal
clerk in the office of the Spanish government of Louiaiana for rnalong
grants of lnnd; and since the change o l government he held the affice
of pariah judge for the parish of Easl Baton Rouge for upwatda of
thirty yeam; and, sioce the adoption of the present coostitution of thia
Smte, holds be office of nolary public for the mid pariah.
T o 3d interrogalory wi~ncsaauawers: T h a t this de nent, John Mer-
R"
cier, and Lauis Leautnnd, were the perwns upon w om devolved the
duty of illin* u p the body of gram o r land made by Governor C a m n -
delet during\" aaministrntion in Louiaima.
T o 4 h inlenogatory witnea w e n : T h a t the body of [he g m i
/Pf
aniled E
Xa
SYl vl. Twnu's htie.
n
u 23
marked A , &own him, purporting to be a grant of land fmm Governor
Carondelet lo the Marquis de Maimn Rouge, is in the handwriting of
tbia deponent, who waa the principal clerk in the o f i m of the S w i s h
government of Luuiaiana.
T o 5th intenobqtory w i t n g l a n m c n : T h a t be ie familisr with h a
handwriting and signatires of Gorernor Caroodelct and Don A n d m
Lopez Amesto; that h e has onen been them write and sign their namm.
T h a t he was acquainted with A r m e s ~ o , w h ofilled h a o 6 c e of m r c t a r y
of the Spanish government of Louisiann.
T o 6th interrogatory wituesr answers: Tllat ~besigocturclof Gov-
ernor Carondelet and Secretary b r u ~ e s t oto chs annexed document,
marked A , are both genuine;
To 7th inte~rogatory witness answen: T h a t h e has a permnal
knoaledge of the i m i n g of the ~ n i d , g r a n tot [he Marquis de Maimn
Rouge; cbnt he acquired his information ftorn having filled up the mid
grant himself on the day of the date thereof.
T o &h interrogatory wilnegg answers: T h a t the documen1 marked
A h a perfect grant, according to [he u m p and customs of h e Spanish
government of Louuiann nt that time, nnd, an such, was deoomioated
a "titulo en forma," wbicb was evidence of a woiplete p t of land,
and required no further evidence or iosrrurnent to perfect it.
T o 9thintenogatory witness answers: T h a t hc waa well acquainted
with the operations, forma, cuetome, and uwes of b e lnnd d e p a m e n t
of h e S p k h government of Louisiana' under Governor Carondelct.
T h a t b e acquired his information from hie position i n rbs ofice, aa be-
Idre anled. T h a t a he annexed documeot,marked B , o a w ahown h i m ,
pu rling to be a capy, certified by Louis Bringier, surveyor g e n e d
of E u i s i a n a , of s plan, or m a p and certificate, made by Carlm T r u -
deau, late eurveyor general of the Spanish province of Louiaiaoa, ia a
copy of the original plao.and certificale referred to in mid grant, marked
A. T h a t owing to t h e length of time (over finy yearn) which baa
elaped since the mid grant was tilled u p , deponent cannot now recol-
lect whether the plan and proccgs verhal of Carl- Trudeau wan befom
bia eyer or not; hut h e acted under h e orders of the governor aod aw-
r*ry i n maldog out said grant.
T o 10th interrogatory ~ i m manswers: T h a t , ae h e hne already
-red, h e did hold an officu under the Spaninh government, and that
the duty of filling u p granle devolved upon him; and that t b w gmnu
were filled u p by him, under the direction of the governor and secreta-
7 ; that eaid governor a n d secretary gave him tbeir instrucdons, some-
timed in wrilingand eometimes by verbal dictation. T h n t , in addition,
it was customary to consult the aurveya previouely wade, and cefifi-
a l e s of the surveys of the l a ~ d eto be granted, in order lo. ascennin the
qoantity and location of h e . e a m c .
T o 11th interrogatory witne.w answers: T h a t he woe acquainted with
Carlos Trudeau, surveyor geoernl under the Spaniah governrncnt; that
his nquainlanca with a i d T m d c a u commenced nbaut the yefir 1790,
and continued u p to the time of rhe change of during
United Stat- vs. Ilmar'r .&A

which time he, Lbe said T r u d e a u , f i l l d the office of surveyor g e n e d
under the Sjanieh government in Louisiana; that he does not koow
whether h e held a n y pnhlic office a n e r t h e change of government or
not; that his character Tot rompeteocy, intelligence, nnd prohily was
wilhout reproach, a n d i n no investigation, judicial or exlra-judicial, of
Spani?lh.ti~lceto land in Louisiana a m a n y act of mid Trudeau ever
charged with being f n u d u l e n t or proceediug froin corrupt motivea, to
this deponent's knowledge.
T o 12th interrogatory witness answers: T b a t Governor Carondelet
wntinued in office a n d exercised the functions of governor of Louisiana
up till themonth of August, l 7 9 7 , w h e n his a u c c m r , G n y w , arrived
a n d look charge of the government; that Governor Carondelet waa &c&
i o g as governor of Leui6iana at the time aaid grant was made to Maiwn
Rouge, to wit,on the 20chof J u n e ;A. D. 1797, and deponent believes
tbat other grnnla of land were made b y h i r n subsequent to thatdate, but
dees not 'recollect to w h o m they were made.
T o 13th interrogatory u i t n e s answern: ThaL the words a\ the foot of
t h e pan[ markedA, a n d alluded to in this interrogatory, are in the hand-
writing of Don Andrea ilrmeslo, and the signature to the earne is the
genuine Bigna\ure of Governor Carondelet.
T o 14th interrogatory m i t o w answers: T h a t the affidavila referred
to in this interrogatory not being exhibited to him, he wnnol give a n y
mswer.
T o l6ch interrogatory with- answers: T b a t John Mercier was a
clerk in the office of the Spanish government in Louieiana, and alter-
wards filled [he office. of recorder of morcgagea for the parish of Orleaoa;
that Pierre Derbigoy waa interpreter for the S p n i e h government in
Louisiana, and altefwnrdsgovernor of t h e State of Louisiana under t h e
American Government; tbat they were both men of intelligence, y e p -
city, and probity.
T o 16th interrogatory w i t n m answers: T h a t the annexed documpot,
marked B, p u r p a w o n its face to be a w p y of a plan, map, and desclip
lion or procem verbal of an actual survey previously made, and tbe ac-
tual.survey always preieded !he grant; that thla deponent wnsiders a
figmative Ian to h e b u t the reprceentation of an actunl survey.
T o 1719 interrogatory witncls answers: T h a t he knows nothing
farther of nclvanlage to cornplainao~ai n this suit.
Answers to cross inlerrogafories.
T o 1st c r o s interrogatory wilness anawere: T h a t he has no interest,
e i ~ h e rdirect or indirect, in this suit.
T o 2d crosa intenogatory witness answers: T b a t he is not related to
eitber of the partiea.
T o 3 d c r m interrogatory wilness answem: T h a t the names of the
permne who filled u p grants have alrerldg been ahted in his answer to
the 4th d i m 1 inrcrrogatory; that they were clerka in the office of be
S p n i a b government of. Louiaiona, a n d held their appointmenla unda
tba Spanwb government.
283
U~titcdSldu va. Tunrer'a hdrr.

T o 4th crow iotenogatary witoeas answers: T h a t the office mention-
ed in the fourth'direct interrogatory was a suLordinare office, and war
held under nn order from (he conrt of Spain to h e best of deponurt'a
recollection : and the mid 0 6 c e W M attached to no prticular d c p
tnent.
T o 6th croea interrogatory witness answers: T h a t thin intenogatoryia
anxwered in his anewer to t h e firth interroga~orgin chief. H e cannot
my how often hesaw [hem write their names.
T o 6th crosa interrogatory witneeaanswcrn: T h a t hedoas not recollccf
- -
of havine seen Carondelet a n d Armcsto sipn their names to the d m -
mcnt A .
T o 7th cross interrogatory witness answers: T b a t he neier made h a
laws of S p i n or any of her colonies hia pnrticulsr etudy.
T o 8th cross interrogalory witnebs aoswera: T h a t he did not see the
words referred toin the 13th direct interrogatory written in his p w o c e ,
but he knows that they mere written by the perwna mentioned from
his familiarity with their handwriting.
T o 9th croas interrogatory w i t n e a answers: T h a t ha k n o m nothing
, defendantsin this w.
further that would benefit t h e Uuited S ~ a t e s the
CH. T E S S I E R .
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this 4th day of Januory, b:D.
1848.
J A M E S COOPER, J. P.
of the peace in and for the parish a i d
, the day and yurr mentioned
t h a ~ on
in the caption of the foregoing d e p i t i o n , I wan attended by chs wit-
neaa, Charlea T m i e r , ar Balon Rouge in mid parish; and mid w i t o m
having been by me first solemnly sworn and carefully examined on iba
annexed interrogatories and cross interrogatories, I reduced his answem
to writins in his presence; a n d enid anawem having been byma read to
maid witnes4,and being by him well understood,he rubscribed ibe,rrame
in my prcseoce as his deposition in the cause styled in [he capciop
thereof. And I further hereby certify, that the questions propounded tn
said witneas were the inlerrogalories and cross interrogatories annex$
to and accompanying the commission; that hia anwera thereto conso-
tute the foregoing deposition; that snid depojition haa been allerod or
chao ed in nothing since the game wan subscribed by the witneas, nor
han tEe Bame left m y possesion until the time of sealing and delivery
of the mme. And I further hereby certify, that 1 am in no manncior
way interested in the result of thesuit in which the foregoing depoaiuon'
ie to be used.
All which I herebv certifv under mv hand and private seal, ~ h i s f o u h
day of January, 1 d . . JAMES COOPER,J . P . [EEL.]
[REc. cxcr, D. T. IW8.14

Docvnren; A , annczcd t o the foregmng dqmifiorr.

E l Baron de Camodelet, caballero de is religion d e San J u a n , ma&
csl de c a m p de log reales crercitos, gobernador geneml, vice-plrooo
da laa p r o v i o c i ~d e la Luhinna, Florida occidenhl, 6 inspector d e
sus trops, k c .
F o r uaoto, el mnrquks de Maison Rouge ae halla pr61imo d com-
1
elar e eslableci~niento del Ouachita, i q o e p r renl orden de 14 de
lo de 1696 se b n l l ~autorizado para 18s treinta ia~nilins,p a r tsnto,
deaenodo remover e n la suceaivo rodn cooteatncion coo motivo d e otrna
familias 6 nuesos colooos q u e vinicren 6 estnblecene, deetionmos y
n p p i a m o s determinadamte. para el establecirnto. del citado marquee
d e Muison Rouge, u a m d o d e 10s lacultades q u e el rey nos tiene c o o c e
dido, las treinta leguas p l a n u d e auperficie q u e estan en el plano figu-
rativo que vn por cabem d e a t e titulo, con 105 Iirnitea y linderos q u a
aefiala, dispueato con mi aprobacion por el.agrimensor general D n . Car-
Ion Layeau T r u d e n u , baxo los terminos y conlliciones q u e estipul6 y
contmt6 dho. e e b r marques: y ,para q u e en todo tiempa conste,damoa
el presenfe, firmado d e nueatra maoo, sellado coo el sello de nuestraa
m a s , y refrendad par el iofrascrib, comisnrio honoraria d e guerra y
secretano por S. M. de esm camandancib general, en la Nuevn Or-
leans, & reiote d e Junio de mil se~ecientwno-venb y siete.
[SEAL.] EL B A R O N C B R O K D E L E T .
N o h , que en cooformidad d e su coutrata, el m ~ r q u f sd e Naisof
Rouge oe admitiri ni estableceri en las tierias de eu cnncesioo Amen-
EL B A R O N DE C A R O K D E L E 1 ' ,
ANDRES L O P E Z A R N E S T O .
I do hereby ceniry, that rhe within document bath been recorded in
register E , book N six, pages 104 and 1 0 5 , of the b n d office for the
eastern distn'cl of the Stare of Louisinoe, at New Orleans, this 30th
April, 1819.
SAN'L H . H A R P E R ,
Rrgisler L. 0. E . 13. L.
Attesc: CHAS. APPE,
U k . and f-. @. em!. d i ~ ! h.
. Stole.
T h e foregoing ioarument is recorded in m y office, in liber E, falio
248.
Given ooder my hand nnd aenl of omce at Ouachita,25th February,
1520.
O L I V E R J . MORGAN, j e e .
Traduclion f r a n ~ a u e .
En cooaideration de ce q u e le ~ n s r q u i ad e Maison Rouge
me Lrouve
p r k ~B wrnplbter, I'~tablimemeotdu O u a c h i k , coofoimkment a u r o y d
ordra q u 3 e n n e u le 1 4 Juillet 1795 pour treble famillw, el deairant
Unilad Wu va. 'fluner'r Aein.

/&* a7
prkveoir t o i t s contestation a u a u j e dm nouvenur colons qui vicndrant
s'y Blablir, nous d d n o n n er appro riona d6termioerncot pour l'&
i s N a b o n h u g e , e n ayaot d m facult& qos
l i s x m e n t d u dit ~ n a r q ~ ldo
Ic roi noun n concede, les trento licues en auperficis qui m n t consrat&-
dans le plan figi~ralifqui wr a la k l e de ce titrs, avcc lea born- et li-
mitea qui y sont designkes, ovec man approbation, par I'arpenteur g6-
nCral, Don Chnrles cle Laveau Trudenu, m u s l u terrnes a cooditiom
que le dit sr. marquis a con[roct(. et sipule; et, pour qu'en tout tern
il wit valide, rlous 1i1i donnons le prhent, sign6 de ootre main, x e l b
avec le x e n u de n w nrmes, pnrnphe p r le ~ t m i g n &cornmi+e , b
F
noraire des guenes et aecrctnire pour S a Majest& Calholiqus d c cells
cornmandance g6okrole. E n la Nouselle OrlCsns, le viogc J u i n mil
eent cenl ouatre.vind.dix-sent.
"
(si''~) 'LE BARON DE CARONDELGT, at
D O N ANDRE L O P E Z A R M E S T O .
I , Christoval d e Armru, notary public, in and lor [be city of New Or-
leans, Srnls of Loui,ieoa, United S i a m of America, do hereby certify,
[bat the signatures f i r e d to the present inldrumcnt am, to the best of
m y knowledge, those of the late goveroor genernl of LouAiana, B a r n
d e Caroodelet, and of Andres Lopez Armesto, then secretary of iba
government. T h a t their hnndariting is to me well known, having re..
aided io this counuy upwards of forty yearn.
I n witncw whereof I have hereuntc ~ e my t hand end affired h e s e a l
of my offtce, at New Orl-ans, on the'twenty-mrh d a y of
April, in the yenr of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
n o d i w e n t y , and in ( h e fony.founh year of American i n d b
pendence.
CHRISTOVAL D E A R U S ,
Nduy PubIic.
B y James Viller6, governor of the State of Louisi~na:These ars to
certily, that Chnstovol de Arrnns, whu?e nnrne ia subscribed 10 the in-
slrumeot of writing hereunto annexed, wna n[ he time of signing the
same, and he is n o w , at the present time, nolary public io and for Lbe
city of New Orleans, duly quali6ed and comrniasioned.
Given under my hand and [ h e seal of the S a t e , thin twenty-sixth
day of April, ooa thousond eight hundred and tu-enly,and i n
t h e independence of the Uniied S~ntexthe fony-fonrth.
JAMES TILLERE.
frorn'fhe Spnnwh of &curnerd marked
i"ra~~sIafion A.
T h e Baron de Carondelet, knight of the religion of St. John, Iieura-
nnnt general of the royal armlee, governor g e n e d , vice patron of tho
province of Louis~ann, occidental Floridn, nnd inspector of the
troop, k c .
Whereas the Marquis of hlaison Rouge is ready to complcio h e
establishment on the Ouachita, qreeahly to theroyal order rewived by
h i m on the lkh July, 1796, forthirty families, and wiahing to avoid
United S l d u vs. l'urner's hecrs.
all eofl of difficulties, i n r e l ~ t i o nto thew new farmers who may come
to establistt t h e m ~ l v au p n said land: we, thereiore, d e ~ i z nand appro-
priace, de6nitively, accordio,o to the rights grnnied to us by the K i n g ,
tbe thirty lengt~t-3o f land i n superficie, which are proved on the @urn.
i i ~ plan
e which is l o be found at the head of r h i ~ tide, with the bound.
aries and limits herein designated, with my appro-;ll by the s u r ~ e y o r
geneml, D o n Charles de Lavenu l'rudenu, under the terms and condi-
tioos that h e a i d Narquis de blaisou Rouge has contracted and stipu-
lated ; and that the same may be at all limes good arid valid, we give
b i m the resent rille.
~ i ~ n i j w iour
t h hand, and sealed ~ i t the h seal o f our arms, paraphed
by the undersigned, h o n o n r ~c o n i m i r a r r of n.ar and secre-
tary o f his Catholic Nnj.e.ty o f this general cocimandaoce, at
[8EAL'1 N e w O r l e o n ~ ,t i l e rn.cntlet11 da! o f June, :evemeen hunJred
n n d ninety.seren.
Signed, E L B.4ROS DE CAROZDELET,
Signed, D O N .A?iDF.E L O P E Z .4RUESTO.
iio-ra.-That, in conforn~ityw i t h his contract, the AJarquis de N a i -
. vill not admit, nor establish on h i s lands or c o n c a i o n s
son R o u-i e ,
any American.
Signed,
1 do hercby certify, that the wirhin c!ocurnent h~ beer1 recorded in
register E , book N. 6, pages 104 and 105, o f the land officc for the
=tern district of the State of I,ouisianl, nc K e t r Orlesns, (his 30th
A p r ~ l ,1519.
S~goed, S A > I U E I , H. H A R P E R ,
L. 0. E . D. L .
T i l e foregoing instrument is recorded in nly ofice, i n liber E, folio
---.
?AS
Given under m y hand and sezl a f office, a t Ouachita, 25th Februa-
rv.
,,190.
Signed, OLlVER J . NORGAl\i,
P a r i s h Judge.
I , Chrisiovol de Armas, notary public i n nnd for t h e city o f New Or-
leans, Slale o f Louisiana, Unired Slates o f America, do hereby certify,
that i b e sienntures affixed to the pre=nt instrumenr are, lo the best o f
my koowledge, those of the late gorernor general of Louisiana, Baron
Cnrondelet, and o l Andres Lopez Arrnesto, then secrelsry o f the gov-
eroment; thnt their handwritin; is to m e !<-ell kncrrn, having resided
i n this country upirnrds of forty years.
I n wirness hereof I have i~ereunroset m y h a d and affixed rhe aeal
of m y ofice, a t f i e v Orlesnn, on t h e t w e n t y - s i x h day o f
April, i o tbe year of our L o r d one thatsand eighc hundred
m d twenty, and i n !he foriy-fourtll >-ear o f American indc-
pendence.
Signed, C H R I S T O V A L DE A R M A S ,
h'olary Public.
By Jamea Villerk, governor of the Slate of Louisiana: T h m aro to

certify, thnt Christovd d e Armna, whoee name ia mbecribed to the in-
a m m e l t of wriling hereunto aonexed, wae at he time of signing the
same, and h e is n o w , at this present time, notary public in and for the
city of New Orleona, duly quali6ed a n d wrnrnissioned.
Given under m y hand and theseal of the Slnte, d ~ i twenty-sixth
s day
of April, one thoueand eight hundred and twenty, and in ~ h o
[BRAL'] independence of the Unired States tlie forty-founh.
Signed, JAMES VILLERE.
I certify the foregoing to be a true and correct tran:ln~ioo from the
Spanish documeot, marked A . I
1,s. D U ' T I G N E A U D , U.S. Itderprelrr. X '
Docurnod marked " B."
[For map see original, page 53.1
>, 7
Dcn Carloa T r u d e a u , agriruensor real y pilrticillar de la provincin de la
:;
Luisiana, k c .
Certifico, en favor del seEor marquis de N a i w n Rouge, que 109 ter-
J
I
$, 2
reoos figuradm e n el plnno que precede, de 10s cot03 de vermeillon,
pueden contener treintn leguas planas, (5. saber,) el primer0 pafio, mar- t~ t ,
1,
T:
cado No. 1 ,eobre el mdrgen derecho del rio Ouachila, i tomar i cioco f' ;/
arpaoes mas abajo d e la boca del bayu de la C~~ ou Tondre, c
hnsta el bayu Calumet, con el fondo correspondiente, i fin de cornpls 2
tar ciento y quarenta mil arpaoes planos; el aeguodo pafio, marcado
N o 2 , enbre el mhrgen izquierdo del lnisrno rio Ouachiln, i tomar h doa ,..4
/
leguaa rnae abnxo del fuerto Miro, y e n la puota llarnoda I'Aink, basla 1
d
u n a legua mas abaxo d e la praderia d e Lee, con el fondo correspon-
L .
diente, para completnr seseota mil arpnnes pianos; el tercem p n b ,
marcado No. 3 , 6 tornnr en frente del bayu la Loutre, y desde alli,mbre
u n a linea tirada del sur aesenta y cinco gradoi a t e , hasta el bayu de
Siar, aquella linea el bafl de Siar, el d e Bnnelemy, y el rio Ouaahila
debe l ~ r n i k dicho
r pnfio No. 3; y el paiio No. 4 , sobre el rnkrgen dere-
cho del rio Ouachita, B tomar en frente del entrada del bayu Bartele.
m y , baxando el rio brala el bayu la Loutre; cuyos pafios, No. 3 y 4,
w n el fondo correspondiente, deben completar ocho mil tres cientm
quarenta y quatro arpnnes planos; agregados con loa panos No. 1 y 2 ,
forme una super6cie total de dos cientos y ocho luil lrea cien~osquaren-
ta y quatro a r p n e s pltlnos, igunl a l a s trienta leguas nnteds., i mzon de
do8 mil quinieotas ~ o e s a spar lados cndo legux, lo que es la medidu
agraria e n estn provincia: bien c n ~ e n d i d o q, u e 10s errr re nos i~lcluydm
e n loa anteds. terrenos, aea con titulos en form8 6 en virtud de primem
decreto de concesion, no deben entrar e n el wmplemento de loa antaia.
lreinta legune: bien, a1 wntrario, promete el ~ R o mnrqu6s r de Maison
Uniled S l a I e s M r ' s heir3

$ vs.
R o u g e de no p e r j ~ ~ d i c a5r n i n g u n o de Ins ocupnntes, prometiendo de

*. rnantener y ~ p y a r l o sen rodos sus derechoj; pues, e i ~ c a s ol f f i anteds.
-.
.\.
trientn lecuas pndecen a l ~ u n ndirninucioo rcspecro B Ins tierras occu-
padas, no avia n i n g i ~ ninconveniente para qlie dho. sefior marques p u -
' diese cornplctxrse en otro parase q u n l q l ~ i e r n donde , se hnllan tierras va-
c a n t e r y de l a conveniencia y k satizlaccion del interesdo. Y, p r n
!
que consie, doy l a presente, con e l plano 6;urativo que anlecede, for.
a
=
1'-
?\.
mados d e brden del ~ e r ~ zobernador
delcf. D e todo lo q ~ do:
venta y siete ntios.
or ~ e n n l el
. senor Baron de Caron-
~ c (6, i q~lalol-zeJ u n i o de m i l zetecientos n o -
5 (Sizned) C.\RLOS TRUDEAU: .-l,nr.

"\ Anutodo en el libro A , X o . I , r e y o 3S, !, copia sacado.
I
cerlify the lorezoin; p!an and procks rerbnl to be a true and exact
copy of the original, filed i n bundle leuer B, KO.15, and deposited
arnongjt the records i n ihe surveyor general's office under m y charge.
I n lestirnony whereof 1 h a r e hereunto s e t my hand and s e 3 l of office,
i n the city of S e w Orleans, t h i 3 23d clay of April: i n the
\ \ L i . t l . lililll
J !ear of our L o r d , and tile ~ e v e n t i n hof the 111depcnd.
; ence of tlic U~iitedS!ates o f .imerica.
".,:I, I
~
L S . U R I Z G I E R , Sun.eyor G!ileral.
1 6
??
A
,' % [For ma;, zsc original, page jC,]
'$1
\
D o n Carlcs T r u d t a u : i h e king's and special surveyor for the province of
.
'\
t L o ~ ~ i s i a n ah :c .
D o hereby c e r ~ i f y ,i n fayor of h l r . t l ~ c1Iarquis o f hlaison Roltgc,
that the lands ~ v h i c l fi;ure i or1 t l ~ eabove plan,nlnrked n.ith vermillion,
" m a y c o ~ ~ t a ithirtyn leagues i n superlicies, (or about.) T h e first lo[,
niarked S o . 1, i s situated o n tile r i g l i t side of O u n c h i ~ a r i v e r beginniug
,
at Gve arpents lower than the i i l o u ~ ho f i i ~ ebayou de l a Clientere de
'\ -
T o n d r e , u p to the bayou C a l u m e t , (or P i p e baxou,) with she ordinnry
depth, i n oider to comple~eone l l u n r l t e d and forty thousand nrpfnts of
e i ~ p e r f i c i e . T h e sccond l o t . marked KO.2, situated on the l e h 4 d e o f
9 the enme O u n c l i i ~ ariver, beginning t ~ leagues ~ o lolver frorn F o r t hliro
and lion1 tile point n?.rned I ' A i n e , t i l l one league furlher down of the
small prairie tlalncd Prairie de L e e , \vitii tlie ordinary depth, to corn-
p l c ~ e.i:<~y t h o t ~ s a ~arpcnc;
iJ i n s i i p c r f i c i c . T h e third lot, marked S o .
3, baking i n i f o n i e f b a j o u i n L o u t r e , (01 Ouer bayou,) a n d iron1 lherc
tracing n line fronl the M U L ~ I , si?;ty.hve desrees east, t i l l bay011de Sinr;
~ l j e~ a l i l cliue, r u n n i n g from bayou Siar to hayou Bnrthelerny nnd to
O u a c l ~ i t a , make t l ~ cl ~ n i uo f mid l o t 50.3, a n d the lot No. 4, from
\m t h e right bank or Ouachitn river, r a k i n g in fro01 of the mouth o f bayou
.-
P,
b.
B u r t l ~ c l e m y,down the =id river t i l l b o y o u L a L o u t r e , (or Ouer bayou,)
I,
w h i c h IOU Xcm. 3 and 4 , w i l h tlac ordlu:y d c p h , m a k c +I lh-d

~ h r c ehundrcd and forty.four arpcncd in cupcmue; and the s m c , ri:h
Iw 1 and 2, form a t o i a l in e~ipcrficico f ~ p - ohundrcd and c q h t rhon-
sand lhrcc h ~ o d r c dnnd fony-four arycnta, c o r r a ~ o d l n gto ibc th:nr
l c a < u c a aborc rncntioncd. nt thc raic a1 l u o ihcussnd fire h u n l r r d
fathom3 for !he side of csch l c q c , z h i c h u ihc r n c ~ t l r eado cd i n
this province. I t i s u - c l l undentiod that the Ian& included in I ,c utd
l o e , which are owned a n h ~ o o dtnlw, or by a d u r m o f farmcr con.
r"
i c s i o ~ t ,ought not lo bc included in the m i d t h i h y l c a g u n ; 10 thc c o n -
trary, thc Yarquix dc Y a i s n Rouqc promise not i o drsturt, an!. o n c s h o
rnny w u p y m i d [nod,, a n d to rnninain ~ h c mi n lhcir y h u and pnri.
lega; n o d i f i n cn- the m i d i h i n y l c n p n o f land rcccirc any d1rn:nu.
t ~ o noo accounl of the p n i o n o f [he h l r n c x? a c u p ~ c . ! ,the Xarqu:.
w i l l h n r c R r i k h i 10 complcic lhc mid thirtj- l u p a o( land m m n c c d d
in r o c a n t land3 situated i n mmc cthcr p s s of ihc w u o i r y , a t h h rill
nnd ~ t i s f ~ c t i o n .
I n teuirnony whereof I h n r c delircrcd t l i e p r c x n t om;6caic. rib
!be figurntire plan nbavc, b y ordcr o i h ! e~x u l l c n c ~~ h cGorcrnor Baron
de Cnrondelet, chi3 fourteenth June, onc thousand x r c n hundrcd a d
ninety-wren.
(Signed) C.%RLOS T R U D E A L ' , S v .
Recorded in liber A, S o . 1, versa 35, and copy dcl;rcrcd.
Icenify the foregoing plan and procis r c ; S a l lo be a m c and c r u c
c o w o f t h e original filed in bundle Icticr B, S o . 15: nnd d c p t c d
a r n o o p t the rccorda io the surreyor gencal's cA<e u n l c r m y charge.
I n t&rnoor whereof Ib a r c hereunto set m y liand and .u.d of odcc,
in the city of Scu Orlean3, l h i ~2 3 3 d a ~of A ril, i n rhc
[ a ~ a r . ] 1MTsh year of our L o r d , and ihc scrcnucth of c ~ndcpco- Ig
dcncc of the United S m t a of Arntricn.
(Signed) LS. B R I S G I E R , h ' r grn'l.
I cenify h e foregoing co be a u u c and correct tmrulauon from rbc
Spanish o f a plan aod ccni6ca1e of suncy anncxcd lo i t , m a k d da-
urncnt 9, 6 l c d i n the caw of Hcin of T u r n e r r n . ti. S.
LS. D L F I G 3 E A t i D , U . S. m&*.
D e p d w i u of E . .Ve-weau and .A. 0-i;ar.
HEIRSOP HEFRYTCRV,ER
vn.
TUEL'STTEDSTATES.
U n i l e d Stales disvict wun, commieiooer'r cEce, Uuch 17, 1W.
Be it remembered, tlmt on this rhc ~ s c o l e e n t hday uf M a r c h , A . D.
1%9, according to u o t i c u duly k u c d , the $einuUs In Lhc &rc a-
tilled cause, reprmnted by S. S. Prtouaa, esq., s o d the dcfcndanu b y
h e i r attorney, T h a . J. Uurnot, the dia-icc anorney of the L.S w a ,
appeared M o r e me, X . B. J e n n i q n , crmrn-oer d u l j a p p i n d IO
rake ~eatjmonyi n lmd c a u a .
Utriltd Stales vs. T u r n ' s &s.

A n d in obedience to naticea duly irsued, there appenred on t h e part
of the plaintifs the witnesses, E. Mazureeu and A n t o ~ n eCnizar, per-
sons of wund mind and lawful nge, w h o were by nie 6 n t aworn to ks-
-
tify thd whola truth, in answer to all interromtoriea that should be pro.
pounded to them.
I then ? w e e d e d to take their depositions as folloas, to be used on
the trial GI the cause 89 above en~irled:
E. Mazureau, on behalf of plaintifTs, deposes, that on the 13 of
Xarch, 1777, h e was born, and and that h e is consequently 71 y a m of
age. H e arrived in Louisiana in the year 1M4, and was admitted to
the bar to practise law in the fall of thnt year; that be has continued
ever since to practise law in the country. ' X i t n a wa: well acquainted
with the formsgnd usages of tlre Spnnish government in g r a n ~ i o glands
before its transfer to the American Governmqnt. Witnen i~ alm well
a unioted with the Spanish lariguoge and laws.
%irness hnving examined the origilral document marked A , purport-
ing to be a grant of 30 superficial leagues of land. made by h e Baron
de Carondelet to the hlarquis de N a i ~ o nRouge, and also the cefli6ed
copy of a plat and prochs verbal, marked B, purportin,o to ha made by
Carlos Trudenu, surveyor general of tile provrnce of Louisiana, dated
h e 14th of J u n e , 1797, which two d o c u n r e n ~ sare s o n e r e d to the de.
position of Charles Tessier, already on file in tlris cause, do nltogether
lorn] an akolute and complete grant of the lands embraced therein, ac-
cording to the lows ond usnges of the Spanish gove:oment, and the
same was absolutely complete and binding upon the K i n g of Spaill.
T h e said documen~sconstitu~ea n absolute and complete title, and re-
quired no further action on the part o l i h e gorernment an'o.iu~&-cm,
nor of che grantee.
Wilness recognises in the original document marked A , already re-
ferred to, the signature of Bnron C a r o n d e l e ~ and
, of bis secretary, Ar-
mesto, to be genuine, sod in their respective h a o d x r i t i n ~ .
Witt~esswas never acquainted personally with the Baron de Caron-
delet, and therefore could never see him s i p , but be is very well ac-
quainted wilh his handwriting and signature, having Ken in the courae
of his prolesiooal practice hundreds of the signarures of the Baron d e
Carondelet in the public records of that period.
W ~ t n e whas been persoually acquainted wiih Don Andreas Armeato;
baa seen him sign and writc on several occasions; ha^ seen also h u e
dreds of his signatures on public records ; witness bas n o doubt that
both the signatures of Carondelet a n d ~ l r m m o o, n document A , are
genuine.
\Vitues wee well and iorirnately acquainted vith Don CarloeLavmu
T ~ d e a u ,the former surveyor general of tlie p r o ~ i n c eof Louisiana
from the time of hrs, witness', arrival io the countrr, until the period
of Trudeau's denth, whicb occurred some dme after the war.
W i t n m dates, that from his own koowledgc, as well aa from h e re-
of othem before witness knew h i m , T m d c n u always bore h e char-
acter of a nioa honeet public officer; a n d h e would a l w add, thnt he was a
/Y/3
Unded Slalw rs.' h e r ' s h c k . 33
meet ex cell en^ m a n ; h e lived i n a modest, retired way, ~d d i d pmr,

and greatly rnpected.
T h e dllrict attorney on the part of the Unitmi S t a r a hns no c r o a
in~errogatoriesto propound.
NbZUREAU.
Antoine Cruzat, on b e h ~ l f o fplnintifs, being nvoln, d e p o that ~ he
resides in the Slale of L.ouisinna; that lie n.nl born in Louisiann, and
is now seventy-tliree yenrs of a s e ; s t a t e tlrat he ia acquainted will1 the
bnndwriting of R2ron Carondelet, and haring ernmined [he original
document rnnrked A , nlready referred, purpor~ingto be on originnl grant
from Corondelet to the hlarquis de Maisall Rouge, of thirty superficinl
l e a p a , aides that the body of the p a n [ i3 in the Iraodariting of
Chnrles T e ~ i e r who, was at t l ~ etime of ils date a clerk in the office of
the gorernor,and the signature isthe genuine hmdwriting of h e Rarou
d e CoronZeler; be also recognises the writing rnnrked n u b under h e
sen1 or r ~ i dgrant a? the handwriting of -4ndres Lopez Armesto, and tbe
signature thereto is the genuine lland\vriting of the Baron d e Camnde-
let; he also recognises the signatures of .4ndres Lopez Armcsro, at the bol-
toln of the grnnt, as genuine; Arrnuto a[ that timc wsrsecrelary of h e
government, n i ~ d as such.his signuure x u alnays n!tacbed lo g r a n l a
of lnnd by the government.
W i t n ~ s lwn3 well acquainted with the forms sod u s a g u of Lhc
Spanirh government in grnnting lands in Louisiana ut thar period.
Deponent states that the grnnt marked % . L nn nbmlute and com.
plete grant, and vcsted the title in the hlnrq~tirde blaizon Rouge, and
no other formality was required. 11 \yo.; o b l i ~ t o r yupon the govem-
ment, and the grantee w ~ entided s to imrnedi3te p o s e s i o n .
Deponent was personally ncquainled with L2ven11 Trudeou, and
intirnnle wilh him. T h e witness \\-as I~ilnselfon nssinant in !he ofica
of .Governor Corondele.~,where Trudesu oftcn calue on o5cial busi-
ness. Trudeau \ras surveyor geueml under the S p o i 3 h goveromcot
in the year 1797.
Witncs5 haring examil~edthe prore3 verbal and certificate marked 0 ,
nnd auncl~edlo the deposition of Cl~orlrsT e ~ i e r filcd , in this cousc,
~ l a t e 3thntsaid plot1 and certificate ore in due fonn of Inw, nod constitul-
ed sufficieot ground a n d nuthorily for [he o r i ~ n a lgrant nbove spoken
of; said cer~ifiw[edocs not p u r p r t ro be a cer[iKcate of o survey made
by Cnrlos Trudeou in person, nor doesit i r n ~ that l ~ he was ever on the
lnnd embraced [herein; ~ i t n e s sales s thnt l'rcdenu was a rnno of the
highert cliarncter nnd probity, and so uoivewlly esteemed; .hs was
wtrolly incapable of forgery, or nlry irn;:oper art in the discbarge of hk
official durie~.
A. CRUZAT.
T h e dis~rictattorney has no cros e~arnination.
1, .N.R. Jenoings, cornmis3iooer, do cerd:y, ( h a i l h e forcgmng are
rhe true dcpoeitioos of E. Nnzureau and Antoins Cruzat, in a n c w ~to
the ioterro,oatories propounded lo h e m ; and I further cerufy, that d t t r
[REc.C X C I , D. T. 1648.1--5
U d e d sS2afea vs. 7brner's h e i r ~ .

the same bad been carefully read over to them by me,. they were aub-
~
scribed lo ir. my presence.

I n witness whereof Ihereunto set m y hand andseal, this 17th day of
March. A. D. 1848.
N. R. JENKIh'GS,
l ~ .Sfales commissioner.
Document marked A A'o. 6, in the case of the Afayor, Aldermen, a n d
Idwbilanfs of Phihdclphia a n d N m Orleans vs. the Unifed Slates.
A eu excelencia el seaor Baron d e Carondelet, gobernador general d e
la provincin de la Luisiana, &n.
D o n Felipe de B d r o p tiene 13 honora de observsr i F.S.que los
2oze l e g u u en quadro, q u e V. S. le h a otorgado por su contrnto, s e
hallnn en palte aneyados y ocupados por antigl~oshebi~anles;en cuyn
virtud, 6 V. S. suplico se sirva teoer a bien concederle la misma canti-
dad de tierm, 6 tomar sobre el rio Ouachita y el bayu d e Syard y Rar-
thelemy, eo donde le seri mas cooveniente, 3in pejudicar 6 les tierraa
que V. S. ha concedido al sr. d e Maison Rouge e n la praderia Chatel-
lerien; gracia que esuern recibir la recta ius~iciaq u e V . 3.adrninistm.
P. D E B A S T R O P .
Como lo pide, d e s p c h m e por aecre~ariaen la lorma q u e wlicitn.

EL B A R O N DE C A R O N D E L E T .
REGISTER'B
OFFICE,
OPELOU~AS,
2d January, 1621.
I certify, that the foregoing is n true copy of a n original document
deposited in my ]lands by Mr. J o h n Nancarrow, rvbicb document baa
been reported by m e a s additional evidence in the claim of therepresent-
atives of Abraham hlorehouse,. pursuant to the 4th and 6th section8 of
nn act of Congress, entided "An nct supplementary to he severnl acts
for b e ndjuslment of Lnnd claims i n t h e State of Louisiana," approved
the 11th May, 1 8 0 ; i n which report I hove given it as my opinion
that the eaid documeol is genuine, a n d cntilled to lull credit.
Given under my hand tbe date above written.
LEVIN WAILES,
Reg'r of the & n d ojice.
' h d d be b o a de Baauop.
Tronslofimr from +anish ojdocument A No. 6.

T o his excellency the Seiior Baron d e Carondelet, governor geueral of
he provinu? of Louisiana, k c . :
Don Philip d e Baalrbp haa h e honor to observa to your lordhip, that
the lwelvs leayea square, which y o u r lordhip has granted to him by
hin contract, are found in part overflowed and occupied by a n d s o t in-
/fa
Unaed Sidw vs. W ' s heirs. 36
hahilaoh; in c o n q u e n c e of which he prays that your lordship will be

plensed to grant him the same quantity of land l o he taken upon tho
river Ouachi~aand the Bayou de Synrd and Bartl~elemy,where it will
h e rnonr convenient to him, without prejudice to the lands which your
lordship has granted to the Sefior de Naijon Rougc;in the prairie
Chatellemill. A favor which he hopes to receive from the upright jnst-
ice which your lords hi^ administers.
New 0 1 i o n s , the lbrh of June, 1797.
P. DE BASTROP.
\
New Orleans, 10th of June, 1&7. [1737.]-As he requescs,let it be
.desparched by the secretnrr department, in the form which he solicits.
THE BARON DE CARONDELET.
And on the same day, to mil, the 27th of April, ISAS, the following
agreenlents were by the parties litigant fired or record:
1. Report board cornniissionerx on Bouligny application for confirma-
tion of Maison Rouge claim.
2.' Copy of Maison Rouge'e will.
3. B. Winchester's deposition, lo prove Freeman's appointment of
Elinsmore, and his order to him to survey the Maison Rouge grant.
4. Cer~ificateof Dinsmore'a survey.'
6. Rindon to Maison Rouge, letter, 1 2 August, 1795.
6. Letter.of Norales, 1796.
7. Arniesto to Breard, April, 1795.
8. CertiKed copy of Dinsrnore'ssurrey ot t n c t No. 3.
9. Statement of H. A. Bullard.
10. Reduced copy of Dinstnore's survey of tncts No. 1 and 2.
11. Pns-port of hlaison Rouge.
It i3 ngreed that the nhove documents, either in origioal or copy from
the clerk's oftice, in the matter of he] United States vs. D . N . Coxej
in the circuit court U . S., for district [orJ Louisiana, may he rend in
eviden'ce on trial of this cause; reserring nll ercep~ionto the ndrnissi-
bility of the =me, (except on the acore of authenticity,) and not nd-
rnitting them to prove any thing 89 lo the validity of the original grant
lo Maison Rouge, as claimed by Turner's Heirs, or any thing bur the
subslantial facts conlained in them, a n d to which they rpecially relate.
T H O M A S J. D U R A N T ,
Alfamq U.S.
P R E N T I S S & FINNEY,
29 March, 1848. f i r Turner', heirs.
TVRNER'B
HEIRS
YB.
UNITED STATES.
1. Maieon Rouge'e will-take copy i n Core's crue.
2. h-1 before Pedeaclaux, Bouligoy to Clark, June 1,160.i.
3. D. Clark to D. Bouligny, before N. Brootio, June 12,1834.
4. D. Bouligny to L. Bouligny, before Brontin, Dec.
- 31,1807.
-
6. L. Bouligny to Clark, before Pedeaclaur, January 11,1812.

6. C h e w d: Relf, ex'r to Henry T u r n e r , 25 January, 1814, before
Lvnd.
7. Notarial sale, C h e w c k Relf to D. W. Coxe, dnted March 15,
1620. Pollock.
8. Agreement made under privnte signature of C o ~ and e Turner for
parllrion of lots No. 1 nnd 2 of the Nnison Rouge grant, April 17,1819.
9. Partition made between C o r e and Turner,dated hInrch 27,1820.
10. Snle from T u r n e r to Coxe of Kos. 1 7 , 2 0 , and 31, in the Mni-
son Rouge grant, 19 April, 1820.
11. Snle from Coxe to Turner, 10 nnd 1 1 , same date.
12. T h e heirsllip of plaintifs, as heirs of Henry T u r n e r , is admitted.
I t is agreed that the documents, either in original or nuthen~iccopy,
shsll be read in evidence on the trial of this cause; reservilig all e x c e p
tion ro the ndmiasibility of the Enme, (except on the Kore of nothen-
ticity ,) and not admitting them to prove nny thin: as to the validi~yof
the originnl grnnt to Maison Rouge, ss claimed by 'rurner'a hein, or
noy thing but the substnntinl facts conhined in them, nod to which they
specificallv relnte.
' N e w ~ i l e a n s .?9
, hlarch, 1846.
T H O U A S J. D U R A N T ,
Alt'v U.S. for La
PRENTISS &*FIIUNEY,
f i r complainanfs.
Also:
1. Copy of Carondelet letter to Filhiol, 2 April, 1795, marked No.
9, A 2.
2. C a r o n d e l t ~to hlcison Rouge, 5 Mnrch, 1797, marked A 3.
3 . Cnrondelet 10 Filhiol, 2 June, 1 7 9 6 , ninrked 1 0 , A 1.
4. Petition of Bnstrop to Cnrundelet, 10 J u n e , 1797, marked A 6.
6 . Leuer of Filhiol to Naison Rouge, 12 September, 1796, marked
-
A 6
.~.
T h e above document, now on file in the matter of T h e Cities of N.
Orleaos and Philadelphia vs. T h e United S t a ~ e s , i nthis w u r i , and
therein oKered in evidence, may be used in the caae of Turner's Heira
ve. T h e United States under the rclerva~ionsabove d w r i b e d .
29 Marcb ,. 1648.
- ~~
T H O U S J. D U R A N T ,
Allorncy U . S.
PRENTISS & FINNEY,
P l a i n f ~ x s 'Attorneys.
And anemnrds,to wit, on the 17th day of Nay, 18.iS, the followiog
entry was made of record:
HEI- OF H. TURNER)
V6.
T b a UNITEDSTATES.
'I% case,by &
consen; of c a u n d , was bed for Saturday, [ha B)lb
ias(an1. .
/f'3
CWed Saler vs. l b n u ' r h.&. 37
.And aflerwards,to wit, on the 20th of Mdy, A. D. 1948, the follow-
c was entered of [word:
ing continuance of ~ h case
s H .TURYER
H r r ~ OF
V8.
T h e UNITEDSTATES.
E.
T h e trial of this muse wns, on motion of'the counsel for the plain-
t i f i , and with thc consent of the United States district altorney, con-
tintled until come future day.
And afterwords, to wit: on the Z d of May, 1848, the following en.
try was mode of record:
HEIRSOF H. TURVER
‘a taP.
T h e UXITED STATES.
By consent of counsel, this case nag fiied for trial on Thursday, the
8th of J u n e , proximo.
And afteraards, to wit, on t h e 6th of J u n e , 1648, be following fur.
ther con~inuanceof tbe muse wns entered of record:
HEIR.!OF H. TUIUGER
73.
T h e UNITED STATES. t
O n motion of H. $. Strawbridge, eq.,acting on.bebalf 'or Prentim
and Finney, for h e plainliffs, and with the consent of the counsel lo1
the defendanb,~hiscase we4 continued until Monday,lhe 12th i n a n t ,
at 10, A. M.
And afterwards, to wit, on the 1 2 h d a y of J u n e , l&S, the opening
of the trial of b e cause w u thus enLered of record:
U. 8. district court, May term, 1549.
BEIR
O F~Turn-ER
vs. 132.
T h e UNITEDSTATES.
T h i s case w ~ tc-day
s opened for trial, and continued to come u p w
regular order.
And nf~erwnrds,to wit, on the 14th of J u o e , 1848, the rmurnplioo
and subulision of he m u s e were thus entered of record:
HEIRSOF H. Turn612
vs . In.
T h e UNITEDSTATES.
T h e trial of this muse a m to-day resumed, S. S.Preotiss, esq., a p
pearing for the plaintiRs, nod the U. S . district allorney for ha defend-
ante.
T h e counsel for Lhe plaiatirs formally presented to h e court a me-
morandum agnop&nof the evidence o r e r e d o n behalf of t h e c o m p h n -
ants; whan, der argument, h e couri took the mauer u n d u c o w d a m
tion.
296
38 Uiriled Slafe~vs. Thmer'r leirr

Absfrocf oj midencc ofwed by the p&inf$~ on the 14th o j June, 1848,
(on the submiwion of the case.)
Wednesday, J u n e 14tl1, 1649.
REIRSO F H. TURXER
v3. t32.
T h e UXITEDSTATES.
Present the honorable T. H. blcCaleb.-May term, 1848.
Memorondurn of evidence offered by the plainti83 prior to the opening
of the argument:
1st. Original grant by Carondelet, together with T r u d e a u 3 plals and
procks verbaux (already copicd o n wes 4 7 e[ seq. of this transcript as
portion of the evidence o5ered before tlre jury.)
2d. Deposilions of Tessier, Bringier, Bouligny, Cruzat, a n d blazu-
reau, to prove the authenticity and character of mid grant, plal, k c . ,
(the 6rst aod two last depositions already copied on pages 3 9 , 5b, 60,
64, of this transcript.)
3d. Act of the legislature - of Louisiana crealin:- office of surveyor
gengal.
4th. Certified copy- of Dinsmore's surrey of 27th Marcb, 1820,
(marked exhibit A . )
T h e appointment of ThomagFreemnn ru aurveyor
of the landsof t h e U . 3.soutli of Tennessee isadmitted.
marked (A) being appoinrment of John
M deputy surveyor, 14th April, 1819; also
being order of Freemzu to Dinsmore
survey of the hlaison Rouge graot; nlso
d e p s i t i o n of Benjamin W i ~ ~ c h e s ~ e r , p r o v%id
l n g three
docu~nenb.
u.s.". Fing f 7th. IVill of Nnison R o u ~ e .
8 t h . Certified copy of Di~~srnore,survey of rracl No. 3.
O m i ~ r r db y or-
der of wun.cl. 9th. Reduced copy of Diusmore,survey of Iota 1 a o d 2 .
10th. L e u e r of Armesto to Brenrd, April, 1795.
11th. Letter of Norales, 1796.
12th. R e n d o n lo Naison Rouge, 12th August, 1795.
13th. P w p o r t to nlaizon Rouge.
141h. J u d g e Bullard's statement.
16th. Copy of'Caruodelet's letter to Filhiol,2d April, 1795, (marked
No. 9, (A 2,) in Bastrop case.
16th. Leuer of Cnrondelet to Filhiol, 2d June, 1796, (10, A 1 ,
eodem.)
17tb. Letter of Carondelet to Maison Rouge, . 6th March, 1797, (A
3, eodern.)
16th. Letter of Filhiol 10 Maison Rourre. - . 12th September, 1796,. (.A
6, eodem.)
19th. Paitiod of Baalrop to Carondelet, 10th J u n e , 1797, (A 6,
eodam,) (already copied o n pages 64, 66, of thin trnnscript.)
U d e d Stales va. flaner's hn'rs.

/..id
39
20&. C o y 01 Trudeau'a ceaificate, and plan of the Bnarop grant,

annexed to !3ringier1e deposition, ( p a g e 53 to 65.)
2151. Judge Rry's deposition, (In the King case,) to their pu.scsion.
~ e d u c l i o nOf fitle/rom Barligny.
II 2%. Act of sale from Bouligny to Clnrk, passed before Pedesclatlx,

notnry, J u n e l s t , 1604.
23d. Chew and Relf, executon of Clark, to Henry T u r n e r , 25tll
January, 1814, before L y n d , notary.
211h Chew and - - - Relf.executon.to D. W. Coxe. March I j r h . l S 2 0 .
I
~ ~
25th. Agreement, under private signature of C o r e and Turner, for

partition of lots No$. 1 and 2, dated April 1 7 t h , 1619.
26th. Partition between Coxe and T u r n e r , dated March 29,1820.
'27th. Sole from Coxe to Turner of lots Kos. 1 0 a n d 11, 19thApri1,
1620.
-.- .
I 26th. Sale from Turner lo Coxe or'lots 20 and 31, hame dote.
I
Depozifio~uof L. Bringiff a n d L. Bouljgny.
TEEHEIRS
OF TURNER
79.
TEEUXITEDSTATES. 3 No. 32.
COSMISSIONER'S OFFICE, N4ch Uh, 1843.

i3y consent, \vithout notice, the parties in the above entided cause
appeared before m e , the ondenigned commissioner, tbiz anerneon nt 6
o'clock, P. M., to rake the testimony of certain witnesses, to be u d
on the trial of the cause as above entirled.
T h e plaintifs aaopeared, represented by S. S. P r e n l i s , esq., and the
defendants by the district allorney, Thomas J . D u n n t , esq.
Louis Bringier, witncssfor the plaintiffs, being duly sworn to anzwer
[be follorring interrogalories:
Int. 1. What is yournome, age, office,or occupation, and bow long
hove yo11 resided in Louisiana?
Answer. His name i r l o u i s Bringier,aged sixty-five years,holda ihe
office of surveyor of tbe pxrish of Orleam,and e x 0ffici0 surveyor g e n c ~ a l
of ihe State of Louisiana; he wasborn in Louisiana, and bareaided in
the State zenernlly ever since, with the exception of travelliog occasion-
ally i n other countries.
I n t . 2. Are you acquainted with the handwriting of Carondelet,fonn-
erly the Spanish governor of Louisinnn; if so, look at the document,
marked A , nnnexed to the deposition of Charles Tessier, pulporling to
be n grant of land from mid Carondelet to the Xarquis de Maison Rouge,
and say whether the signnture o f t b e mid Carondelet is genuine?
Answer. T h n t he baseeen his handwriting very frequently, a n d that
h e is familiar with it; and having examined the document referred to,
aod the signature, stnles that from his knowledge of the hmdwriting be
belicvea the signnture of Caroodelet,thereto to be genuine.
I n t . 3. Are you nor aurveyor geoeml of t h e State of Louiu'aoa uodm
the ststute of thst ~ d epassed
, 18th of March, 1816; if you are, plc&
Unded Slalet vs. T u n e r ' s heirs.
alnte whether you have in your cuslody and porneluion an auch officer
nny of ~ h documenls
c mentioned in 111e ~ h i r dsection of anid act, nnd
especially if you have noy which relare to the said gmnt from Governor
Carondelet lo XIoiron Rouge?
Answer. T h a t he is surve).or gcneral of Louisiana under the slatrlle
mcnlioncd. Stales that h e l ~ n s t h ed o c ~ ~ n ~ epurchased
nts from the eatnte
of Carlos T r u d c a u by the Slate of Louisiana, nnd amo,ng them two
li.ylri~tiveplats oisur\.ep relatin: to the grant to Mai5on Rouge.
Int. 4. H a v e you in ynur p x s e s i o n the oriynnl tigura~ivcplao and
cerlificnte of Carlos Trudeau. of which documcnt tnarkcd B , annexed
to the deposi~ionof Charles T e s i e r , purports to be n copy; if so, please
prodnce the original, nnd state u.here you obtained it, and how long it
has been in your custody.
A n s r ~ e r . 'Tl~nth e has the original figurntire plan ns described in his
possesion, b u h ~a il nor at present will) him; thnt h e found it among
the records of his office at the lime of his a p p o i n ~ ~ l ~somewbereeo~, about
[he year 152.5, ~ n that d h e IIU had i t in his possession ever since.
Int. 5. I n whore handwri~ing is said original; is i t all in the same
b a n d u ~ r i ~ i n gis; llle dale of said original plao and certificate at the close
~ h e ~ e writlen
of in figures, or in words nt full l e n z ~ l ~if ; in !he lauer, in
whosc llan8writiogis it wrilten; are you well a c q u ~ i o l e dwith the band-
wriling of Carlos Trudeou; if yea, say whether his signature to mid
plan nod cerlificnte is genuine or u o ~ ?
Anawer. T h a t the u i d original is in the hnndufritil~gof Carlos T r w
deau, nod all is in the fiwne handwriting; the dnte at the close is not in
figures, but in words nt full length, nod in the hsndwriting ofeaid T r u -
deau; tbnt b e is well acquni~~ted with the hond\vriling of Carlos T r u -
dean, ]laving eeen it very frequently, nnd that his signnture to the mid
plan nod certitcate is geouioe.
Answer. T h n t h e hiu m,id document ns above described in his pos

measion and custody; that h e now produccl the name document before
t h e co~n~nisaioner, but the enrne being a rccord of !lie office be dcclina
rmitting lo be filed; he found it among the record3 of his office when
nmun~ed the duties hereof ru before scntcd; that it is in the hand-
Unifed Sldw va. turner'^ heirs.

writing of Csrloe T r u d e a u , \vholly and entirely, the d a k written in
full and not in figures; and tbe signature of Cnrlos T r u d u r u thereto u
genuine; and said witness here annexes to this deposition a cenified and
correct copy of snid copy or du?licate mnrked C .
Int. 8. P l e w stncc what was the custom and w a g e of the S p n i s h
government of Louisintln in rcgnrd to such copies or duplicates of cer-
tificates of survey; were they or not, p h e n isrued by the proper oScer,
considered of the =me character, dignity, and effect ns the original?
Ar~swer. T h a t the copy of 3 plat and ceqi6cnte of survey, athen
made by the surveyar, had the same dignity, force, and eBecl !.a the
original; thnt it was the same thing ns the original.
Int. 9. Are you acquainted with the forms and custom8 of the Span-
ish government in granting lands in Loujsiana; if so, whet is tbe char-
acter and nnture of Trudeau's plon'and certscate in favor of. KdLson
Rouge; does it necessarily import that a u actual previous sursey m
made or not; were or mere not lands sometimes granted by the Spanieh
goveromenl upon figurative plats or plans ceni6ed by the sumeyorgen-
ernl before any actual survey had been made; did a figuralive p l a n , d -
liog only lor nntural boundaries, necesarily imply an actual survey,
according to the usages of the Spanish government in grunting land9?
Answer. T h a t h e has some a q u a i n l a n c e with the u e g e s and CU+
toms of the Spanish government in grauting lands ; that Trudeau's
plan and certi6cate w m a figurative one, a n d implied nod meunt ihrd
no previous eurvey hnrl been made; that the Spanish government wrd
in the habit of granting lands upon such hguniive p l a b or plans before
( h e actual surrey; that this plan yould have to be surveyed aherwards
to ascertain tbe qttan;ity. T h e grant however could be made upon
such a plnn without nny actual survey; the s u b q u e n r survey being
necessary only LO ascertain the quantity. 8
Iot. 10. Have you or not in your possession and custody,among Lho
records of your oflice, a plnn and certificate o f Carlos Trudeau in favor
of the Baron tle Bastrop; if so, state in x h s e handwriting is mid an
or certificnte; ond is the signnture thereto of &>id Trudeau genuine,
Answer. T h a t h e has the original certi6cate of Carlos Trudcan in
P
favor of the Baron de Baslrop; a certified copy of wbich is annexed to
lhis deposi~ion, a n d , marked D, and made a p n r ~of this aosacr; raid
original is wholly in t h e handwriting- of said Carlos T r u d e a u , and hi3
sigiature theretd is genuine.
LS. BJLINGIEB.
Crojs exnmination by the district attorney wnived
Louis B o d i p y b e i q duly sworn:
Question 1st. W h a t is your. name, nge, and occupation; and h o w
long have you resided in Louisiana? States that h e is sixty-seven yeara
of age; baa raided all his life in Louiaiana.
Question 2d. Are you acquainted with he subject matter of this auit;
have you any interwt whatever in ils result?
[REc. C X C I , D. T. 15481-6
Uniled Siales'va. Turner's heir3

Answers. T h a t b e is acquainteJ with i l ~ esllbject niatrer of this suit,
a n d h a s n c interest in i ~ result.
s
Que:rion 3 d . W h a t h a s been your occupation, a n d w h a t oRlcea h a v e
you filled in t h e Slate of Louisiana; and n h a t office d o you hold n o w ?
H e was under the S p a n i s h government an officer in the regiment
of Louiriann; since rlre cession of Louisiana, h a s been a planter, n
member of d i e legislature, n j u s ~ i c eof the peace, and is now recorder
of mortgages for the parish of JefTcrson.
Question 4 t h . Are y o u acquainted with t h e handwriting 01 Caroode-
let, formerly governor of t h e province of 1,ouisinna; if so, look a t tlie
document marked ['A," a n n e x e d to the d e p o ~ i t i o n of j Charles T w i e r ,
purporting to be a grant of land from m i d car on dele^ to !he Marqui3
de Moison Rouge, nnd say whether the signature of the said Cnronde-
let to t h e said grant is g e n u i n e .
A o s x e r s . T h a t he having been a standnrd Hearer in rhe regiment, h e
frequently was Eent lo Governor Carrondelet nnd m \ r h i m w i l e ordera,
which a e r e handed w i t n e s lo delirer; rhat frcm this means, and from
having w e n rnany letlers wriuen by said Cnrrondelet, h e 118s become
acquainted with his I i a n d n r i t i l ~ z ; has e r a m i n e d t l ~ edocument A re-
ferred to as above, p u r p r t i n g to be a grant of land from the said C a r -
rondelet to b e hlarquis d c hlaison Rouge, a n d recognises the signature
of said Carrondelet to b e g e n u i n e ; h e also recoznires t h e algnature o f
Carroodelet to tbe note a t t h e bottom 01 the said grant to be also io bis
handwriting.
Question 5th. I n w h o s e h a n d ~ r i t i nis~t h e body of the a i d original
grant?
Answera. 'I'bar it is in t h e handn.ri;inS of Charles Tessier, wbo n u
at the date of thc grant o n e of the clerka in the otiice of the secretnry of
k i d Governor Cnrroodelet; the secretary's name is Andres Lopez Ar-
m a t o , whose signature h e recognises ot the bottom of said grant.
Question 6. I n whose handwriting is the F r e n c h translation of said
grant louod upon the Mine €heel with the g r a n t ?
Answers. Tllnt it is in t h e handwriting 01 the Narquis d e Naison
R o u g e , nnd a a a written in the p r a e n c e o l w i t o m ; witness assisted
Malaon R o u g e in m a k i n g this translation, hlaimn R o u g e bein! lm fa-
miliar with the Spanish language than witoess; this tran~lntion WM
m a d e in l i 9 9 in the h o u s c o l father's mifncsr,where Maison R o u g e
was then o n a visit, a n d where he died.
Question 7th. Did y o u k n o w Carlos T r u d e a u ; what ofice did he
bold, il a n y , under the Spaniah government, and tvhat was his cbarac-
ter [for] p r o b i ~ y integrity,
, a n d capacity?
Answers. l ' h n t 11ek n e w C a r l o s T r u d e o u , or Carlos Laveau ' r r u d e a u ,
very well; (snid T r u d e n u w a s in the habit o f eigniog his n a m e both
naye); h e was for m n n j years, a n d until the cbangc of government,
h e surveyor general of t h e provinc? of Louisiana; h e was generally
esteemed, a n d universally woaidered a m a n of honor a n d probity; of-
Irr h e change of goveromeot be remained in Louisiana, and no Ken-
crnlly was h e esteemed, that in lEO5 or 'ti he was elected recorder o r
/YYF.
Uniled adel r a . T w n u ' ~hR'rr. 43
New Orleans, and tbat h e wos several times re-elec~ed,and held that
office until hia death, which occurred nbout h e year 1813 or '14.
Question 8th. Look at the document here ~ r o d u c e dfrom his rewrda
by Louis Briogier, survcyor general of Louisiana, purporting to ba a
copy or duplicate of a figurative plan and certificate made by Carlos
Trudeau in favor of the hlarquis de blaison Rougc for :hifly lengues of
land, nnd a cu y of which copy or duplicate is annexed to b e depoai-
lion o l Louis lrriogicl,marked lldocument C," aud on file in this suit.
D o you know the handwriting of the said duplicate; if so, whose is it;
is it wholly in his handwriting, and is the sigodture of Carlw Trudeau
to the same genuine?
Anawers. Having examined said duplica::, of which mid document
C is n copy, h e states,that h e is well acquainted with the handwriting,
and thnt mid figurative plan and certi6cate are wholly and entirely i n
the handwriting of Carlos T r u d e a u , as well the writing in the drawing
or plan as in the body of the certiEute,,and the signature of Carlos
Trudeau thereto is genuine.
Quuiion 9t11. Did you ever before see mid pian a n d cenificab of
Trudeau, or a copy or duplicate thereof; i f p a , when did you 6 r a nee
it; where did you 6rst see it; i n wLwe hnndrvntiog was i t ; where did
you find it; was it ever in your possession, and x h n t became of it?
Answers. T h n t h e has seen and had in his possesion a copy or du-
plicote of mid plan end certificate; it w u wholly in the hnodwriting of
said Carlos T r u d e a u ; h e erst saw i t in the pasession of Maiwn R o u e;
immediately after Maison h u g e ' s death the seals were athred to \is
trunk by the 'udicial authorities; when nfterwards the seals were Laken
d
off, perhaps or 3 days after his death, the trunk and i~ codairu wera
Jelirered !o the witness, as his executor and unirersnl l e p t e e , n n d wit-
n e a found nmong the papem in mid trunk said plan m d certi6cale,
and the original grnnt now 'on file in (his suit; hc delivered a i d plan
nod cenificate, with other pers relating to wid grant, to Daniel Clarke,
!?
when he sold to him in 1 11, and h e does not know w h a ~has become
of the same; b e has noteeen it aince.
Question 10th. Are you a q u a i n l e d with the forms and customs of
tbe Spanish government in granting lands in Louisima; if yea, state
whnt is the character and nature of Trudeau'a plan a n d certi6urte be-
fore referred to; does said Qurntive plan necessarily imply that an ac-
tual previous aurvey was made; were or were not lands sornetimcs
granted by the Spanish government u p n figurative plnts or plaas
made out by t h e surveyor general in his office before a n y actual aurvey
had been made; nod were or were nor auch granls valid under the
u q e a and cultoms of the Spnnish government?
Answers. T h n t h e knows the usages of the Spaoish government in
granting land in Louisiann; eays that the plan referred to in tha inrer-
rogatoricl ia not nn actual survey, but a 6gurative plan or akctch, which
implies that the land wan not aurveyed; this land wae never aurveged by
Carloa Trudeau , who never wcu i n OuaEhih; it appears from tho t u m a
of tha cedficala, and of the grant, that h e land waa not surveyed un-
Cndcd Slates vs. Turner's heir3

$
der the Spunizn government; n p l a n of UI actunl surrey {vas never
> called plono figumtivo; that grants based upon figurative plans were as
r a l i d as thore preceded b y actual surve)-3; there n-ere then i n the pro.
R viuce but three surveyors, to w i t , Soulard, a[ S t . l.ouis, Goutsoulir~.in
dtlakapm, and Carlos T r u d e a u , in Yen. O r l c a n ~ ;considering the stale
% of the country at the time, they could not ltod posibly surreyed'nll (he
lands that n-ere ;ranted.
[J L. B O U L I G Y Y .
C r o s esnrnination b y the disc. ott'y waived.
1, X. R.Jenniogs, d u l y appointed commirsioner to o k e testiniony
i n Iond caurer, do certiry, that the foregoiog ore (be trlre depositions
s o d testimony o f L. B o u l i g n y and L. Brrngier,\vitoeses introduced by
the plaintiT3, as laken d0n.n b y m e i n y r i t i n g .
I further certify, that the foregoin(: deposition: n-ere carerully rend
over to llre a - i t r r e s ~and
, that the =me s e r e re5pec;irely r d b ~ c r i b e dLJY.
thetn bcfore me.
l o niroers whereof 1 hereuoto set m y h a n d and d,this 4rii d ~ oyl
Documet~tI ' C," referred l o in ihc fore,ooin,a deposilions

D
[ F o r nt?p see original .]
Dun Carlos Trudenu, ngrimeosor rcnl y particular dc la proriocia de lo

Luijiana, k c .
Certifico, i faror dcl seeor marques de &laison Rouge, que 10s lerre-
nos Gsuradas en e l plano que precede, de color rern~eillon,pueden
$ contener [tent2 lesuas plnnas, (isayer,) e l pri~nero,marcado KO. 1,
sobre In rn5rgen dcrecha del R i o Ouachito, a tomnr 6 cinco arpsoes
\ m a 2bajo de l a boca del b n j u d c l a Chemiere nu Tondre, h ~ l eal
k bayu Cnlumet, con cl,fondo correspoudieote, a6n que dicho pa60 com-
& */\, plete cienro y quarenta m i l arpanes plaoos. El s e g ~ ~ n dpaRo, o marca-

do h'o. 2,sobre e l rnirgen i i q u i e r d o del rnisrno ria Ouarhita, i t o m a r i
dos leguos mas nbaso del fuerte N i r o , e n l a parle llarnada I ' A i o k , b ~ t n
u n a leguo m u nbajo de I n praderia d e Lee, con el fondo conespan-
, dieate, para rompletar r s e n t n mil orpanes plmos. El arccro p-o,
marcado N o . 3, a tornnr en f r e ~ t edel b a y u l a Loutre, y derde n l l y , 60-
bre una lioea rirada del sur smeota grados este, ha21a el bayu de Siard;
squelln linea, el bayu dc Siard, e l de Bnrthelerny, y el rio Ouachitn,
derc limiter dicho pafio S o . 3; y e l p a i o X o . 4, s b r e e l rnirgen dere-
\ cho del r i o Ousclrira, 6 tornar en freote de l o entrada del bayu Earlbe-

emy, bnsnodo e l ria b ~ t eal b q u l o L o u t r e ; r u j o s do? p f i o s KO.3 1
1, con e l fondo correspndienle 6 I n pnrte d e l owle, deven completnr
I x h o m i l t r c l cientm qunrentn y quntro arpones; agregados con Ioa pa-
nos KO.1 y 2, forme u o a euperficie tom1 de dos cientos y ocho mil iru
Y-0 '7.
&;led Skales vs. Z h r r ' s G r s .
cientoa quarenk y quatro arpnnes planas, igual i la4 treinta legusa an-
tedichas, .5 a z o n d e dos mil quinien~ostoesaa pot ladoa & cada Itgun,
lo q u e cl la medida o?egada eo esca provincia. Bien enlendido, que
10s lerrenos incluidos en 10s ~ o l e d i c l ~ alerrenos,
a eea con t i l u ! ~en for.
ma 6 en virtud d e prinlero dccreto de cpncesioo, no d e r e n enlrar eo el
cornplimiento d e Ins antedichu lreinta leguns; bien, 31 contrario! prc-
metiendo el seiior marques de blnison Rouge de no perjudicor h nrngu-
no de 10s ocupnnles, y promete de rnanteoer y apoyar los interesados
en todos BUS derechos; prtes, si acaso 10s nnted/chas treinio leguas pade-
cen nlgunn di~ninucionrespeto i las t i e m o c u p d a s , no ara ninguoo
inconveoiente para clue dicho seiior n~arqueapudiese cornpletnrse en
oko parnge qualquiera, donde me hallan tierras vacant-, y d e la c o n v e
niencia y satislaccion del intermdo; y, para que wnste: doy la pre.
seote, con el plano figurnti~oque n n ~ f c e d e ,formndo d e orden del se-
fiorgovemador ~ e n e r ~ l , Baron
el de Carondelet; de todo lo q u e doy I&,
a qualorze de Junio de mil sececientos noventa y siele Gm.
A n o ~ a d oen el libro A , KO. 1, verso 35.
E s copia conlornle i su original, en~regadool inleresado e n virtud del
&den rerbnl del senor gvr. genl. el Earon d e Carondelet, dia ut supra.
(Signed) C A R L O S T R U D E A U , Agr.
I cenily the foregoing to bc a [rue copy of the o r i ~ i n ~filed
l , in bundle
Ielter $I, No. 130, and d e p i t e d amongst the records in the surveyor
general's office, under my charge.
I n tei!imony xbereol I have hereunlo set my hand ~ o seal d of office
in b e c i ~ yof K e a Orlenns, this llfh d t g of February, 1848 year o?
our Lord, and the sereniy-third of he independence of the United
Sulres of America.
L S . B R I N G I E R , Surveyor gmeml.
Docummrf marked" D".
- [ F o r innp see original.]
D o n Carlos T r u d e a u , agxirncnsor r e d y particular de la provincia de ID

Luisiana, k c .
Cerlifico que el presenl plnno contiene cieo qunrenta y quatro legurn
nnbs de superficin, cada legun formnodo u o q u a h d o q u e tiene por
do3 mill- y quinien~os'toessr,me did^ de In ciudad de Paris,
seguo u?n y coslurnbre de esla colonia; cuyo lerreoo,silundo en el p u w
to d e Ouachita, 6 como ochenlo leguas mas arriba d e la ernboadurn del
lnisrno rio, en el rio Colorndo; lindando dlxo. terreno, e n la pan de
9. 02.. coo las orillns o r i e n t a h del rio y bayues O u a c h i h , Ear~hele-
my y Siard, conforme 6. l a linca colorada, bordando dichos rio y b a y u y
d aur, por una lioca dirigida del eur seaenta y cinco , p d o s csle, do
Uniled , 9 d e s vs. Turner's heirs.

lcguas, con una milla dc largu, 6 tomar d e d e la orillo (C) del bayu do
Siar[d] hssrn encontrnr la altllra de la junta (A) del mismo bayu Siar[dJ
con el bayu Bartelerny, d ~ c h opunto A sirviendo de baza b la linen del
medimienlo (AD) de doze leguns de larga, paralelamente al plnno del
bagu Bonelemy, desde el puuto (A) h a ~ t ael Gltirno de dichos doze le-
el punlo (B) i I n embocadura del arroyo llamadl1
3 limites (DEFG) son parnleles, dirigidos norte cin-
grados Ute, sin atender ii lo varincion de lo bruruln, va-
e o c l ~ ogmdos a1 N. E. Y, pa_ra que consre, day In pre-
figurative que accompnnn, a favor del sefior Baron
io quncorze de mil setecier~tos oovento y siete Gar.
resente ognnlenaor, y mas abajo se llnlla r ~ o en . el
.erw 25 ol S o . 922 de Ias espens. de speo, y copisdo
, rernib. doble B la secretaria del govlerno, de orden
conlandante genl. el Senor Baron de Carondelet, ut
supra 6rrnndo.
! C A R L O S TRUDEAU,
Ins origins. que pnran en In
a que nle remiio, y ,para que eirve donde
en PFva. Orleans, cinco del m a de K O -
(Firmado) TRUUE.4U, A,T. lU.
o true copy of the origiool Gled letcer 8,
the records in the sun.eyorgenernl'so&ce
hereunto set my band and seal of

this 1101 Februnry, 1513.
BRISGIER, Surueyor g m e r d .
ojrfocun~enll ~ r k e 'dI D . "
\
[Fo rnnp see original .]
Don Carlos Trudenu, royal

CARLOS T R U D E A U .
I cer~ifythe f o l l o n i n ~copy conformable to the original, which ir de-
posited in the office of the sumeyor ceneral. New Orlenns, the 61th day
I certify the foregoing to be a true and correccfrdoslnlion of document

marked D , filed in the case of Heirs 01 T u r n e r 7 3 . U n i ~ e dSlates.
LS. DUTIGXE.iUD,
CJ. S. Translnlor.
Addilbnol f e d i m o n y of Louis Erin,&.
HEIRBO F HESRYTUWER
THEUSITEDSTATES.
I n the above entilled muse, Louis Bringier, a witneu, duly aworn on
behalf of plaintitrs, nnd mbose testimony has already been taken, wus
thin day recalled by thc plaiotifJs lo anawer the lollowing inteixga-
U& & a h va. T w n e r ' s h s .

m i d w y y ia correct and complete. Slate h o w said original come i o ~ o
your p a a s i u n . I n whose hnndivritiug are [ h e words i n the plan or
thawing, und also thosein the body of said original? I s the signatureof
Carlus T r u d c a u genuine? Con you filc m i d original w i t h ihisdeposition?
I f 1101, s l ~ 111e e renson why.
A n s i v e r ~ . T h n t he has ill his possesion aud custody the original 6gu-
rative plnn and certificate set f o r ~ hi o [ h e interrogntory, o f wliich !lie
J o c u n ~ e ninarked
~ H,attacliell 10 the d e p o s i t i ~ no f Charles Tessier, n o w
prese~lteclt o the notice of r v i t n w , purporla to be o copy. H a v i n g conl-
pared m i d iloc~irnentB with said original, he atates that i t is n n accurnle,
correct, a ~ r dcomplete copy. Said original came i n l o hispossesioo at
the time Ire a ~ u m c dthe office of surveyor general; i t was among the
records o f the office.. A l l the h s n d w r i ~ i n g ,both the words in the plan
nod drawin: as w e l l [as] hose in the body of i h e original, w Carlos
l ' r u d ~ o u ' s ,and the signature o l Carlos TruJenu thereto is genuine.
I'ii~~iem my3 thnt he canuot leave said original document rvitll this bia
deposi~ion,because i t fornls one of the records o f his oItjce and belongs
lo the State.
(Sigoed) L S . BRINGIER.
Icertify the foregoing to be the true deposition o f L. Bringier, and
that the same an3 subscribed to belorc me.
Witness m y hnnd andsenl, {bid Sih day o f hlarcll, 1915.
N. R. JENNIIVGS, Comm'r.
Acl O/ fhc legirlaturc oj Louisiana crcafing the o f f i e oj survyor
gerreral.
A n act to creatc a surveyor gcneral and parish surveyors i n the State o f
Louisiana.-Approved March 13, 1516.
1. Sec. I.T h n t ihere shall be a surveyor noaninaled?and by and with
the advice and consent o l the Sennte, commissioned by t h e s v e r n o r , for
each nnd every p n r k h o f this State, i ~ l i oshall reside in the parish or bia
appointment; the one appointed for the parish o l Orleans being cx of-
6cio surveyor general of the Slate; and the said surveyors, belore they
enter on the duties o f their office, shall produce their cornbnisaiona in
tbe parish court o f the parishes for which they phnll hove been r r p e d -
ively appointed, nod there, i n open court,takeoath,a~id well s o d truly
to execute and perfort11 the duties o f their office; nnd, moreover, ahnll
bond, w i l b good and sutlicient ~ e c u r i t y ,to be a p p r o ~ e do f b y h e
mid courls rcspeclirely, to it, tbe survcyor general i n a aum o l six
thousand dollara,nnd the oher surveyors i n n sum of t w o ihoustlnd dal.
Ian, p y a b l e to the governor f o ~the rime being, or his euccesors i o of-
fice: nnd conditioned for [lie due performance o l the duties of their
ofice.
2. Sec. 11. T h n t besides the scientific knowledge requisite for his
p m f ~ i o n ,thc m i d surveyor general shall p o w atborough knowledge
o f be French, Engllsb,nod Spanish Ianguaga; and h e sball be bound
l o kcep I l i a ofice in tbc ciry c l K e w Orleans, in a fire-proof brick houae,
t
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES... 1
/!A
Unifcrl Sloles vs. R r n e r ' ~M . 49
.situated in V I I C of the p r l s of said city w l ~ e r eh o u n e are ntost general-

ly built of hricks.
3. Sec. I l l . T l l n t as w o n ns the mid surreyor genenl allall have
tnken the cmtll prescribed by this nct, he shnll cause to be delivered to
him hy t l ~ c ,ccret2ry of S ~ s t c on , nn inventory, all the b o o b , popem,
records, dra\vings, plnns, plats: wnrrants,nnd cer~ificateaof surveys, a n d
nll other papers p~rrcha:ed by the Stnte from the estate of the late
Charles Trurlenu, and tlle Rnllle ehnll be dewsited in h k office. and s t
the foor of ;t ~ l u ~ i i c a ot ef t l ~ esaid inventorj, wbich shall remain de-
posited in I I I C office of the secretary of Stnte, thc said surveyor gcncml
sltall give l ~ i sreceipt of tlle a f o r w i d doc~lrnen~s.
4. Sec. 11'. T h a t it shall be 111eduly of the said sllrveyors faithfully
to execute all orders of survey directed to them by any of the couna of
this Stalc, and to make all surveys of IanjJs lying in the respective
ishes for wl~iclithey shall h a r e bee.. uppointed, and to which tbe cl
vd S v l ~ e s11:tr.eno claim, a t the request of owners or proprietom tltereof;
and generally lo d o whatsoever in tlte surveyins, measurinp, and di-
viding of lands mny be required of, them by any peraon wishing t h e
same done; nnd in all their measurntions they shall b i governed by the
English perch or pole: Provided, however, T h a t , in the plana or w d -
6cates of survey which tlley shall make out,they sbnll be bound to a d d
to every designation of an English menzure the relntion i t beam with h e
measures formerly used in this Stste.
5. Sec. V. T h a t the fees chargeable by the said aurveyora shall be
paid by the pnny desiring the services to be performed, and w h e n t h e
services shnll be rendere? in obedience to a n order of a coun, in n suit
therein depending, tbe surveyor shall mnke out and state a n account of
his fees for zuch services, written in words at full leogih on the back of
one of (he plnls by him returned to the court, and the same shall be d-
lowed in the bill of costs to be raxed against the losing party asother was;
but wbere it sbnll appenr thnt the survey of any part thereof WM m a d e
at the instance of the party cast in the suit, sucb and ao much of &a
said fees as accrue on the works done by thesurveyor for such party ahall
not be taxed.
6. Sec. VI. T b a t it ahnll be the duty of the mid surveyon, when.
ever called on for that purpose, to resurvey nnd rernnrk and bound noy
tmci of land in their respective parishes, where the old marks are d e -
faced or likely to decay and perish, or where by any cause they are de-
slroyed, tnking special core, in all such cases, to be governed by the
original surveys, pateoh, or title-deeds of such tmc@;nnd he said sur-
veyors shall m a k e a plain report and certificate of all such re-rnsrka a n d
boundaries by them mode ns aforewid; of which report nnd c e n i 6 c a k
they nhall deliser n certified cop! to the owner, if he requires i t .
7. Sec. V I I . T b a t l l ~ echoin corriers and markers shall be allowed
each one dollar per day, for their services as sucb, to be paid in the
eame manner as is provided by thin act for surveyors.
8. Sec. VIII. T h a t each surveyor appointed under thin act h a l l ,
and in hereby authorized and required to, sdrninisicr an onth t o e a c h of
[REc.cxcr, D.T.'1&18.]-7
-- -
I Cnded a d e s vs. 'Purner's heir^.

his chain carriers, faithfully and diligently to perform his d u t i n M
chain carrier,without favor or nliection or partiality; and i t sbnll be the
duty of each of the surveyors to write the name of each of his chain
carriers down on the plnl m a d e of n tract of land for which they carried
the cliain in the surreyin: thereof.
9. Sec. I S . T h a t i t shall be the duty of a surveyor, whenever call-
cd on to make a ~ u ~ v e as y , provided by the sixth section of this act,
to notif? the,adjoinin,o landholders of tile day on which he will corn-
rncnce tlic &id survey, t l ~ a tthey ~rtaynuend or cause somebody else to
attend in their bcl~nlf,if they think proper, nnd he shnll note the Earne
on the plat, by putti~lgdown the names of the persons notified, and the
number of days notice he gave each of t l l e ~ n .
10. Sec. X. T h a t itshall be the duty of the said surveyors, torecord
by order of dates,in n book kept for that purpose, all the plats nnd reports
of surreys rnnd: by them; and the surveyor'general, besides rhe private
register for the parish of O r l e ~ n s ,shall keep n general register, in
which lie will record, as well t l ~ eplats and reports of the opernrions
made by him, as the p l x s and reports of thr operations made by the
parish s ~ l r v e ~ o r swho
, s11a11 be bound to fonvard him every three
n l ~ n r h scertified copies of the operations made by them in their respec-
tiye parishcsi and all certified copies of the plats nnd reports of surveys
~ h u srecorded, a s \\.ell as of the tiller and papers which, pursuant to this
act, are to bedeli\-ered to [ h e surreyor general, which shall begiven by
the said surveyors under their llands and the seal which they are hereby
-
nutllorized to adopt, rhall be entilied to full credit in all the courts of
this State.
11. Sec. XI. T h a t the said surveyors shall be entitled to demand
and receive for their re5pective services the follo\ving fees, to wit, for
mileagc in repniring to and returning from any place where n survey i3
10 be made, per mile, t s e l v e and n hall cents; for measuring the front
or nny tract of land on a n y b a j o u or river, for every arpent, running
Ine;lsure, twent~..fivec e n u ; for tneasuring depth line, where the line
touches cypress swamps, and for rlleasur,ng back line, for every ar-
pent, twe~ny.firecents; for runltiog a straight line, for every mile, four
dollnrs; for meandering a water course, for every arpent, twenty-five
c e n u ; for every plat of n tract of land, includit~gthe record, Eve dol-
lars; for every certified colry of cuch plat, two dollsra nnd fifty c e n h ;
for planting every corner post, one dollar; for any ndditional tract of
land comprehended in a plot wit11 surveys and boundaries estnhlished,
Eve dollars; for measurins every lot in R town, suburb, or other place
divided into lots, for every foot, one cent; for every original plat of any
s u c l ~lot, including the record, three dollars; for every certified copy of
such plat: and of tlic cerliEcnte of sitrtey, t\vo dollars nod filty cenk;
for every additional tract of land in n connected plat, two dollara.
12. Sec. 111. T h a t in case the mid surveyors should d e ~ n a n dor
receive, for auy of the services mentioned in the provisions of this act,any
other fees than thoseabove Gxed and ~ l n b l i a h e d , o rif the mid surveyon
abould demnnd or receive nny of the said fees without having perfarm-
I
I
I
j
mi
United Sldu .vs. Turner's heirs. 61
ed the services (or which they shall have demanded or received h e m ,
and if the a i d surveyors should demand or receive nny'otheror higher fees
than those allowed to them by this act, which shall be proved by'the
receipt of s u c h surveyor, and under his oath upon the Bible, t h e mid
surveyor ehall for every such offence be fined in n s u m of fifty d o l l m
in fnvor of the party %grieved, besides t h e restoration of the fee4 so
uojustly dcmanded and received, to be recovered with costs before any
court of competent jurisdiction.
[For map see original.]
Document marked ( A , ) being appointment of John Dinsmore, cl.r

deputy eurveyor, 14th April, 1819; also document (B,) being order of
Freemnn to Dinsmore,tu make the survey of the Naison Rouge grant;
also deposition of Benj. Winchester, proving said documenb, (taken
from the files of circuit court in the case of the United Slates vs. K i n g
(Docutned. A . )
Thomas F r e e m a n , surveyor of the lnnds of the United S a t e s , south of
the S u l e of Tennessee, to nll whom these prezeots may concern:
Be it known,thnt I appoint John Diosmore, esq., a deputy surveyor
in the land district north of Red river, State of Louisinna, hereby au-
ering him to execute a n d ful6l the duties of that
law, and to have a n d to hold said appointment,
nod ernolunlenls thereunto legally appeflainiog,
e of tile surveyor of the lands of the United Stntes
e of Tenuessee, for the time being.
y hand at the surveyor general's office, in t h e town
e 14111 day of April, o n e tl~ousandeight hundred a n d
THOXAS FREEXAN.
(Docunmlt B.)
Y o u are hereby directed to survey the .claim of Naisoo Rouge, near
Fort Miro, o n the Ouachitn. T b a t claim shall be surveyed, (as all
re,) agreeably to its original location, a n d the re-
oed to this i 5 c e lor examination. Y o u will call a t
way to perform [be duties of your appointment, for
g legally qualified, a n d receiving such furcher in.
e deemed necesury.
T H O M A S FREEAlAN,
+or Gn~erd.
Surveyor's office, washington, April 14,1819.
' JOEN D L N S M O ReKq~.
31 0
62 U&d SISldrr rs. lirmer's heirs.
Deposition of wimess:produced, aworn, and ernrnined, b!. virtue of

the annexed commissiou, on the 91h day of April, lM3,i l l ihe city
of New Orlenns, in the parish of Orleans, in the Smte of l.ouisinna,
before m e , h l . M. Coben, commissioner oamerl in the nnnvxed corn-
missiont in a cerlaio cause now depending in h e circuit court of the
United States, for the 5th judicial circuit, l ~ o l d i n gsessions in nnd for the
-ern dialrict of Louisiana, between thc United Stater and Richnrd
King, on thepart of C o s e , called in warranty.
B. Winchester, being produced and sworn, onswerj as follows: 7'11at
h e was wellacquainted \v\.itl~ the IateTholnas Freelnan, surveyor of the
lands of the United S ~ a ~ south e s of the State of Tennessee, from the
p,ear I816 to the time o[ his death.
Deponent ia well acquainted with his l~andtvriting,Ila\.il~goften seen
h i m write, and he recognises the signature of Tholnas Freenlnn to the
document marked A ; also illemanuscript portion as having been writ-
ten a n d si ned by said F r e e m a n . Deponent has alzo exnrnlned the
doelrnent i, annexed to this depdsition,anrl recognises it ns the writing
of said F r e e m a n ; Ile also recognises the signnture affixed to said doclt.
meut B ns hat of ihe a i d l'l~ornas F r e e m n ~ i .
(Signed) BEN. \VIXCHI.:SrI'ER.
Sworn to and aubacribed nt the place nnd on the day first afvresnid.
(Signed) AI. bl. C O H E X , Commissioner.
I d o hereby certify, that Ben. \Viocl~e~ter was by ;ne sworn to de.
c l u e h e u u ~ hon the questions put to l ~ i u lin t h e cnuse; that interroga.
tones were put to h i m , and his ans\rere thereto taken in writing, and
auhscribed bv him in m . y presence,
. on [lie day nod at the place in
that bebnlf f;rst n f o r ~ w i d .
(Signed) N. M . COHER, Cornmissioner.
United Stntea circuit court, clerk's office, district of Louisiana.
I , E d . Rnndolph, clerk of said court, hereby certify the foregoing to
be a true copy of the original on file in m y office in the c u e atated.
Given under my hand nnd the real of said court, atNem Orleans, h i s
7th day of S e ~ t e m b e r1348.
.
ED. R A N D O L P H , Chk.
BY JAS. ni. DOWNS, u.
c.
Wd oj Afaiso~rKrmge, (faken rum the fileJ o/ the circuif court, in
4
the care of [he Unifed !ales va. King and Cozr.)
-
I n ihc n a m e of God Almighty,
nin or end. Amen.
- -
- who livea a n d reinns \vithout b e ~ i n -
ffe it known to all who shall aec chis. mv lost will and ~ a r a m e n t .
that I, Joseph d e Maiwn Rouge, born io' ~ a h sestublishedin
, ~uachih;
legitimate aon of I d u i a d e Mniaon Rouge a n d of Catalinti de Yillc-
...
I
EMPRESS VERDIACEE
I Uniled Stalw vs. %?trt'~ heir$.
po!vh.ich p u r p e I p m t p o e and extend !he yenr 01executomI1ip, and

. .
u r ~ h e rtlme which may be necessary for thnt purpose;. and such-is.my
will nnd plensure.
I also declare t l ~ a tI hnve.nt the l ~ o u s eof Don Pedro. all the articles
- ~~ ~
nTG&.i~,.to build a MWmill for cuuing plank, and n allger.

1 STso
--. .
derire and declare thnt, in the d o n ~ t i o nwhich by !his will 1-
make t o m y servant maid Naria o l s house rind larid, there is only in-
d~-
u d e d -Eve-acres front., b,
~
v 111e usual d i o t h . and the aforesid house,
.nod not-the rert, or othcr land;
'-Aiid-tbi'residue and
well within ns 0111 of this province, in &; ~ n j paGnts . are d a d , I W U
stitute and name, for my sole and universal heir, the aloresaid .Lou!s
Bouligny, in order thnt, oher my decease, h e may have nnd ~ n h e n t
them, with the blesing of God and myself; and eucll is my will and
pleaaure.
I revoke and annul? and declare void, cancelled, of no value nor
eKezt wllnterer, any other will and testamenlary dizpositions I m a y
have heretofore made by word or i n *riling, vhich I desire no faith or
value shall be attached to, mving ond excepting this which I at present
authorize and declare in auch mnnner and form a3 m a y etand good and
right.
In f a i h ofmhich, tllis instrument is dated in the city of h'ew Orleans,
the 26ch of Augllst, onc thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine.
I, !he nolarp,give faith to and know the declarer, who, to appear-
ance, F e s h ~ nntural s judgment, metnory, nod underatanding, and
signed r t l o the presence of Don Andre$ Lopez da Armesto, honorary
wmmiswu? of war nod secretarv of this eovernment, D n . Pedro Gon-
dillo, aod D O . Vizente 'rexcir; ~ientard;inhabitanG.
DE AI.4ISON R O U G E
VIZ'TE FERY.~SDEZ TESEIHO,
ANDRESL O P E ZD E ARUESTO.
Before rue, P E D R O PEDESCI,AUX,
Nolay Public.
This agrees with the original, to which 1 refer. New Orleans, the
third or J u l y , one tllou?and eight hundred and seven.
P E D R O PEDESCLAUX,
[EEAL.] '
Nola y .
CIRCUITC O D R T USITED STATES,
OF T R E
D k l r i c ~of, Loui-ia~la,clerk'a ?fie.
I, Edrnuod Randolph, clerk of said courc, do hereby certify, tllat
the above is a true copy of document W filed in m y o 6 c e , in CUE
United States 7s. R. Knight, k c . , i t purporting to be a copy 01 the
will or Naison Rouge.
Given u ~ ~ d my e r hnnd nnd the seal of said court, nL Naw
['"u.l Orleona, tl~is6th day of S e [ember, 1@48
LDMD.R A ~ D O L P Ha, m k ,
By J A S . N. D O W X S , D. C.
[For map see original.]
k l l o of ~llorales,(takenfrom thejlcs of the circuit court i n the core

01fhc Unifed Slates vs. King 9 Cqze.)
Translation of the letter of J. V. Morales, of 261hAugust, 1796.
Under this date I have written to the commandant, John Filbiol, as
follows:'
B y the certificates wbicl~you sent m e in behalf of the individuals
who were brought here lately by t h t Chevalier Breard, I learn that
there were nmong [hem many single men, who cnnnot, therefore, be
coneidered ns composing families, a n d , coosequen~ly,they o t ~ g b tnot to
have received.the $100 stipulated in the 1st article of the contmct which
the Marquis of Maison Rouge mnde with the governor and intendant of
l i ~ i sprovince. O n this occasion w e p e ~ over
d this irregularity, in
order to avoid disputes in future, it being inconsistent with the spirit of
tbe contrnct, and of no use to the interesls of the King, to spend ha
public money on individuals wbo,having no inducemenrs to remain in
the country, could leave it with the same fncility they came. I m u d
not occur again; a n d inform tho Marquis that there nre no funds in t h e
public trewury destined to that objec1,and that,^ soon as h e has com-
pletei the number of thirty families which h e contracted for, nothing
will b e paid o u t o r the royal trenaury lo any who should exceed that
number, and w h o wish to come and establish themselves in his dietrid;
and y o u wiil consider yourself instructed to this eaect, ana conform to
it in future, advising me in conformity of mhnt is done in the premises.
I consider you as the agent, nnd authorized lo act for the Marquis of
Maison Rouge, i n the business of bringing families to that PI, and,
therefore. communicate this for your cavernmen1 and information.
T h e ~ i r preserve
d you rnany.yen<.
(Signed)
. . . JUAN'VENTURA MORALES.
T o Mr. A u c c S ~ o D
a E BREARD.
. N e w Orleans, 26th August, 1796.
Letter oj F. R e n d o n to Moison Roupe, (taken from the file, of the
circuit court i n the case of the Unifed &Ides UJ. King-)L Core.)
N E W ORLEANB,A u g w t 12,1796.
S~R:
I have received the honor of your letter of Lhe 25th Jupe I&,
with a statement of the familiea. Your peneverence in the opinion
you h a v e formed of tho excellence or the landa you inhabit, and which
you are 6oing to make flouriah lor the happincs of thin prnvinx, M
well as for those in i b neigbhorbood which ought to p r t n k e of ~hcas
- -
Uniled S o l u vs. 'ILmcr't hein.

advantagen, ought to animate you to m a k e the grentest e6oru to efict
i u early nccomplishment. T h e picillre y o u dmw of these enclinnterl
p l a c e co:ivioce4 me of the solidity of y o u r judgincnt rind of the fon11.
once aelcction you hare made in )-our plan, as \veil as of the facility u f
menns to carry it into ereculion in all ils branches.
I bave pxid Ur. blcrieult the 3M) dollars of Alexander Lauren!,
Peter R c L , and James Feret.
By this opportunity, 1 inform the cornlnandan[ of what is to be dnlle
when ally oew famlly arrives, gir-ing him distillctly to u n d e ~ t a n dt I i : b t ,
if the least formality or a certificate is wanting, a n d nor conformable tu
the copy wbich I send him, no payment whatever wilk be made from
the royal treasury.
1 have the honor to be,\vith r s p e c t , sir, your very humble and 111us1
obedient semant,
(Signedj , FRANCISCO R E X ' D ~ S .
X r . D E M . ~ t s o sROCGE.
P w p o r f fo filaison Kourc, (token />,om the files of the circuit courl
i n the case of thc Uniled S a l e s us. I f i n g Q Core.)
T h e Baron de Carondelet, knight of t h e religion or St. John, briga-
dier of the royal armies, governor vice-patron of the provinca of Lou-
Siann, \Vest Floridn, aod inspector of t h e troops thereof, k c . , kc.
It is hereby permitted N e w s . D e Mnison Rouge, D e Breard, and
o1bcrper3m of their suite, to pa- o n to Ouacbita to examine its
tioo, nnd tbere to form n settlement. I n consequence, Mr. D e FI h ~ o l
,yi-
will aKord them eyery nssiannce and the infornolion n e c w r y for that
ohjcct.
Given in our government house, at N e w Orleans, this 1st day of Jan-
uary, one rhouGnd seven h u n d ~ e dnod ninety-five..
(Simedl TUEBARON D E C A R O N D E L E T .
Judge Bullard's slalemerll, token fronr fhefifes of the circuif cuurf i n

the cruc of fhe Ut~iledSfales as. K i n g a n d Cbrc.
I was for n short time, jointly with Isaac Thomas, the agent of Dan-
iel W. C o r e , rg.,of Philadelphia, in relotion to his landed interests in
Ouachi~?,and particolorly as p r t owner of the lnrge grant to # h e Mar-
quis of Maisoo Rouge. PFhlle ncting i o that cnpacity tuxes were paid
on our drnfu which had been messed u p o n ~ h m elands. Documenu,
which I bave lettered A , B, C , D, E, show these paymeom. T h e y
are signed by me, and most of them by Imac Thomas. I know the
signature of FIeory Bry, having often seen him write. His signature
to docurnenu F nnd G is genuine. I k n o w also the handwriting of
John Xughea, deceased. He signed document H. I man also well
acquainted with the sign'ature of M. P. F l i n t , wbo succeeded us in the
agency. Documents I and J are sigDed by him. I a m also familiar
witb the signature of T h o s . B q a n , late sheriB or tbe parish of ihr
porirh of Ca~ahoulas,and recognise hia signature to document X. It
W e d Slalw vs. T b n m ' r tub.

is a h to my knowledga b a t Mr. Coxe paid for opening a road thmugh
a part of the <rant, in conformity with the police regulalioas of the
pnrish of Ouachita. How much w s paid 1 do not rernen~ber.
(Signed) H. A. BULLARD,
Documexf A , onnered l o the forcyoiv slalemenf.
ALEX'A, May 30, lE27.
D. W. C O X Eesq.,
, Philadelphia:
At sigh1 please pay to the order of J . T h o m a s one hundred and
twelve dollars, ii being the balance of Stale a n 4 parish Lare due the
sherit7 of Ouachita, for 1826, on the land of D. W . Coxe, q., and
charge the same to account of Mr. Cole.
(Signed) H. A . B U L L b R D ,
J.'I'HOMAS, *
' Apents of D . W. a r e .
Endorsed-Pay to order of Thc;. \Vilsou, cashier.

(Signed) J. THOMAS.
Pay to order of J. Andrews, 1st assistant cashier.
(Signed) THOS. \YILSON, &l~im,
J. ANDREWS,
Is! a s i s l a d canhier.
Document B , rejerred to in Judgc Bdlard's s t a l c r n e d .
5126 +&. ALEX'*, March 3 0 , l Z T .
At sight please poy to J . Morgan, or order, sheriff of the parish of
Ounchita, one hundred and taentg-six dollars twelve and a half cents,
in port of Mr. Core'e tare3 for 1826,and charge to his account.
(Signed) H. A. B U L L B R D ,
J. TAOXAS,
A g M s of D. TV. C o r e , e q .
Endorsed-Pay to J. k v e l l .
(Signed) J. MORGAN.
Pay to Dan'l P. Ruff.
(Signed) I. LOVGLL.
P a y lo the order of Thos. Wilson, cashier.
(Signed) D A N ' L P. RUFF.
Pay lo the order of J. Andrews, 1st asnistan.~cashier.
(Signed) J. ANDREWS,
~ t (usidad
r ashier.
Document "C," referred t o in Judge Bullard'9 stolemenl.
ALEXANDRIA, May 30,1827.
At eight plense pay Thomas Bryno, sheriff of the p r i s h of Cntahoula,
forly-two dollars, for his orders for the tares of D. W . Coxs, eaq:;for
that year, due in the year 1826, anrl charge to account of Mr. Coxe.
(Signed) H. A . B U L L A R D ,
J. THOMAS, w.
J. W. Z A C H A ~New E , Orleana.
[RIXO.cxcr, D. T. 1848.1--8
Zkifed galw va. ZLnzer'r f i r .
&do&Pav to Felix Amaud. truururer of t h e S a t e of Louisiana,

or order.
(Signed) FELlX A R N A U D , T r e a m e r .
Pev
-2
to order of J. An2:cn.s. 1st assi~tantcashier.
(Signed) T H O M A S WILSOIU, Casl~ier,
J. A N D R E J V S ,-
131 a s ~ i s t a n cashier.
l
D m m e n f " D," reJmred to in Bullmd's stafemenf.
At sight please pay to the order of Thos. Bryan, esq., ( h e sum of
forty-three dollars and eight cents, the amount of taxes due by D. W.
Coxe, eq., in tbe parish of C a t ~ h o u l a ,for the year 1627, nod charge
the mrne to account or N r . Coxe.
(Signed) H. A . B U L L A R D ,
Agent of D. W. Core, c q .
S. JAUDOS,e q . , n'e\v Orleans.
NEW O R L E A N SJ,a n u a r y 1 3 , 1 6 2 9 .
Endoned-Received payment 15th Jan., 1829.
(Signed) T H O S . BRYAK.
Documolf E,rgerred lo i n Judge Bullord's slalenlenf.
w'. ALEXANDRIA , 20,1S27.
Dec.
M r . J A M E SW. ZACBARIE:
S I R : At ten days' right pay to Charles T. Scott, or order, tiny dol-
lam, being tbe price ollowed to J a h n D. T h o m a o n for cultiog out the
road on Daniel N"4 Cose's land, in the parisli of Ouachitn.
(Signed) J. T H O N A S ,
H. A . B U L L A R D ,
A g d s o j D. JF. Core.
Endorsed-Pay to Jamerr liarmint, or bearer.
(Signed) C H A R L E S T. S C O T T .
Received payment of the within from S. J a u d o n , N e w Orleans, l O ~ h
July, 16%.
(Signed) A . W. B U R G E S S ,
For J A M E S NORMINT.
Document "F," reJerred lo in Judge Bullord's s l a f m n f .
$70. OUACEIITA,7 t h February, 1620.
Three days afler sixhr please poy to the order of hIr. Peter Surze-
neao, the sum of seventy dollars, for SO much due m e by N e s r s . C o r e
and T u r n e r , for the road on h e i r land in this parish, for 1819.
(Sl~ed) H . BRY,
SURZEKEAU.
R. REW, esq., New Orleans.
Endorred.-Seventeen dollam and Gftg ceoh paid by H. Turner.
AZ 4
Uniled S I o f u va. h e r ' s heir*. 4)
Documetd I f Q," referred lo in JuTudge B u k d ' s dalamcnf.

3379 50. .OUACEITA,25th , &
N 1619.
T h r e e day8 after sight p l e u e p a t to Jonathan Morgan, or his order,
the s u m of three hundred and seventy-nine dollan and fifry c e n b , il
being the amount of the Stale and p~rislrtax for he present year on
the lnnd of Nessrs. D. \V. C o r e and H. T u r n e r , aituated in this pariah,
and p m it as per advice.
(Si~ned)
RICHARD RCLF. .,
, ex.. Xew or lean^. 1
Edrsed.-Pay the nrnount of the within to Jno. Hughes.
(Signed) JON. MORGAN
Received. J a n u a m 11. 1B20,the within amount of three hundred
and seventGnine doilam fifty cents.
$379 50. (Signed) 3x0. H U G H E S .
Ilocumenl H, rejerred lo in Judge EuUard's slalemenf.
Received, Alexnndria, 41h N a y , 1626, of Isaac Thomas and H. A .
Bullard, esqrs., the suruof [.so hundred and thirty-six dollarsand twen-
ty-0ve cents, being the amount of Sta:e and parish tares = w e d o n land
taxed to Daniel \ Y . Coxe, in the parish of Ouachits, for the yeat eigh-
teen hundred and twentv.6ve.
$236 25. (~ignei) JXO. H U G H E S ,
For J O S A T H A X M O R G A N ,
&liedor.
Document " K," r e / m e d lo by J u d g e EulIard.
H n n n r s e t i ~ . ~Decembm
, 2 6 f h , 1631.
I
DEAR S I R : . Enclosed you have the amount of D. W. Coxe's hru
receipted, which you will please remit me by return of mail.
I remain, wilh d u e respect, your obedient servant,
(Signed) T H O U A S BRYAN.
M. P. FLIST,esq.
R e c e i v ~ dof M. P. Flint , em,. , aerenLy dollars and forty cents, i n full
of the State tax d u e by Daniel W. Coxe for the pear l & 0 , a n d b c
State and pnrish t a r for the year 1S3L.
(Siped) T H O U A S BRYAPi,
Shenr of the p a n i h of C'ufahoub.
State. tax for 1830 $27 95
Stale h x lor 1531 27 95
Pflrish tax for 1331 14 50
- $70 40
8% SEW ONEASS, May 7,1633.
T e n daya after sight p y the order of Nessrs. John H v n & C o .
two hundred and eigh~y-ninedollars, for s a l u e received, which charge
to account of your m e a for the Mairtn Rouge grant.
(Signed) M. P. F L I N T .
DANIXL IV. CDXS,eeq., Phibdelphia.
En&raed.-Pay to M e n r s . Jacksoo, R i d d l e & Co., or order:

(signed) J O H N HAGAE & COO.
Received che m i l h i n for Jackmn,,Riddle I!L Co., N n v 24, 1633.
(Signed) PHILIP -MESSERY.
U x r r ~ STATE$
o CIRCUIT COURT,
Disrricl of L u u i s i a r ~ a ,clerk's o&c.
I, E d m u n d Kandolph: clerk o f soid court,do hereby certify, that the
six foregoing pages conlairt a true copy o f the slntelnent, w i l h h e docu.
ments annexed, o f 311dge Bullnr(l, and o n file i n n l y office, i n the c a e
where the United Stores is p l a i n t i f s n d Richard K i n g et al. are delend-
an&.
Given under rnv halrd and seal of w i d CourI. at the citv of N e m O r -
leans, this %ill day o f September, A . D. 1648:
E D . R A N D O L P H , Clerk.
By J . G . A1. D O W X S , D.C.
Coroodelet's Ietler to F i l h i o l , (laken from the 61es i n the case o l ~ h e
Mayor, Aldermen, and Inhabi(an1b o f the city of P b i l ~ d e l p h i aand
N e w Orleans FS. the U n i t e d States.)
Documerrf marked A'o. 9: A 2.

2 ,Avril1795.
~ V O U V E L L E . ~ R L E ACP~ S
No. 1er.-Rep. l e 20 M a y .
VLX v a u s Y O O ~en60 ;(re satisfsils, monsieur; oous venons de p w e r
un coolrat orec M r . l e niarqs. de hlnison Rouge, pour trenle e l [ant de
farnilles d'agriculteur?, q u i vont former un 61ablise'rnent a u Ouschila,
composi, de royalisles F r n n p i ? , de Hollnndais, Flomoods et Allemnnds.
M . de Drcard, c i d e v a n t officier de marine, est parti pour la p o r k des
E~atz-Unis,o i il les prendrn e l les conduira, par I ' O l ~ i o , a uOuachiia;
peur-&re en arn&nern.[.il r n h e dovantage, car nous l u i ovons perrnis
de prendre dcs e o s p 6 s . D ' u n alltre ~ 6 1 6 ,l e Baron de Bastrop, Hal.
h d a i s , a contracti. egalenlent pour qunnlit-5 de lanilles, q u i nous vien.
dront en droiture de H o l l a n d e ; ct j e I'at~endslui.rn&ulede jour en jour,
per l e hnut d u 0euve. Nr. de Mnison Rouge, q u i r6unit toule es+ce
de connaiwnces, est parti d'icy pour Katchez, oG il est all6 prendre
aoo Bquipage et quanlitd d'instrumens propres n u labourage i u n nou-
vel elablissenient et i fnbriquer u n rnou1in.i-scie; car son principal ob-
j e t , et l e n t t r e , est l o culture (Iu bled, q u i fournirn u n rnoulin-i-moudre
que N. Tnrdiveau r a etnblir a u r environs de l a ville,iornme celui
q u ' i l vieot de faire h l a Kouvelle-Nadrid aFec l e plus grand succhs, a
quntre meulea, e t de I n f a ~ o ul o plus ingbnieuse.
Vous loisserez cboisir A M r . de Naison Rouge quatre rnille nrpens
pour w n 61nblisse1nen1,ou, [si] bon l u i sernblern, que l u i wrong dblivres
fail B fail que les lalnilles nrriveront, H rnison de d i r nrpens de face aur
q u m n t e de profondeur par farnille; cellc de Breard monte par ce ba.
t a u , ei j e rooa prie d'nvoir pour elle toule es@ce de coneiderntion
Uqiled W u va. l k x r ' r hrin.

l'accmmodant de v d r e mieux jusqu'8 I ' u f ~ v i a do Mr. dn M&on
Rouge, el d'uoe nulre famille restbe egalernenr a u x N a k h e z .
D ' a p A ca plan v;ll r voyez, monsieur, quc vous ne s e r a plus a u s i
iaolk que ci-devant,.~ ,ue duos peu vous vous lrsuverez e n tt::~de f a i n
fnce aux a a u r q e s . Osages ont comrnis encore quelqurs vola,
~onobptaotils n'onr .u& nucunj de nos chameun, s'ktant con~cnL&de
leur prendre le fruit de leur c h a s e . C o m m a le fon q u e n o w b i t i m n a
cbez eux n e sera ache76 qu'a IR fin d e ceue nnnie,il n'ezr p a possible
encore de les aesuietir,- colnrne il y n lieu d'espereq q u e nous y. parvicn- .
drons par la suite.
-
Quant a u r C h a c h a s , il n'y a pa8 d e mnl que Iez nations de l'auus
bord leur f m e n t la euerre: ccla les e r n d c l ~ e r ade f 6 a u c n t e r aussi sou-
vent vos pnrages; er lorsqu'il roiront q u e vos hsbilans seront en force,
il vous porteron1 plus de respect; a u restc; un fort, el y mel-
trons garnison, d i s que la guerre nous permeurn de dininuer
celle dez postez les plus exposes. L'intention de Mr. dc Maison R o u p
est de former uoe peuplsde rtunie, afin d'etre en elat de a'y defendre
eisernent contre lea zauvages, et d'y rmernbler des o r l k n s de loute cs-
pice.
J e soij enchant6 que vous vous trouviez, monsieur, cbnrgE de ce wm-
mandernent. Votre amour pour I'hurnaoi~&,vos m n n a i s n c u , v&a
d6sinr6resernent, tout me repand d u zkle que vous emploierez pour I s
succPs d'une enlreprise qui esl de l a plus grnnde cons6queoce pour celte
colonie el pour I1Elat; cnr notre objet esl de nous metlre hors de la dB-
ndance des Arnhricnins pour I'npprovisionne~nent des farines, que l a
pouisiaoe parviendra peut.6tre un jour i iournir J. la Havane, ce qui.
lui procurera uoe nouvelle branche d e commerce. Fous serez &re-
men1 des plus satisfait du caraclire, des connaissances, des ~ u c apani-
culieres dl1 hlarqs. de Bilon Rouge; vous trouverez en lui un ami qui
coue reodra a g h b l e I'esece de s o l i ~ u d eduns luquelle vous avez V ~ C U
j u q u ' i present, et j'es+re qu'k vous deux vous translormerez ces dB-,I
Beria en irn paya enchnnti., r u que les circonsrnnces er la aitundon pri-
sente de 1'Europe nous prorneuent d'y ottirer un grand nombre d'emi-
gres utilez,
~ . car je n'y v e u i aucuoe espi.ce de gens oisifs,ou peu piopres
B I'agriculttrre.
J'ai l'honneur d'gtre, nvec lo plus parfaitc consid6ration, monsieur,
Potre Irks bumble el trks obeissant servileur,
LE BAROl'i D E C A R O X D E L E T .
l t a n s l u f i o n of docurnenf No. 9, A 2
I~ - NEW ORLELYS,th; 2d A h , 1795.

No. 1st. Received t5e 20th May.
Your hopes are nt lasr about to be ealis6cd, sir; w e have just phsed
a contract with i\lr. the Morqs. of hlnrzon Rouge for thirty, and sa, of
families of agriculturists, who are going to form no establrshment at Ouri-
chita, composed of French royaljats, Hollandem,FlemLh ,and Germans;
Mr. de Bfenrd ci-devant - of rnorine, hm departed for h e ports
Uniled a a f u ra. T u r ~ r e r ' sheirs.
of the U n i t ~ dStnies, where he will take t h e m , and coodod them by

the Ohio to Ouachila; perhaps be will ever bring more o l them, for we
hare permitted hirn lo ~ * e hired hands, (des engages;) on tile other
hand, 1119 Baron de B u ~ r o p ,R Hollander, haa contrac~edoleo for a
quantity of families, who w ~ l lcome to ua direct from Hollnod; and I
expect him himself from day to dny by the upper river; Blr. de alaison
Rouge, v h o unites all kinds of kno\vledge, hbs left here for Nnrchea;
nhere he has gone lo toke his equipage, and a quantity of instrumenls
fit for tillage, to a new establiebmeot, and to build a sa=-mill; for his
principal object,nnd ours,is the cultivntion of wheat, which will supply
a grist.mil1, which Nr. Tardiveaur is going to eshbliah in the neighbor-
hood of the cily, like that which be bosjust made at New Madrid w i ~ h
the greatest success, with lour grindstooes, nnd in the m a t ingenious
manner.
You a i l l let N r . de Naison Rouge choose four thousand arpems for
his er~nblish~nent, where i t may %em good to h i m , which shall be de-
livered to him, in proporlion ns the families abnll nrrire, at the rate of ten
arpenlsfront by forty deep per fanlily; that ofBreard goes up by tbis boot,
and I beg you to have for it eyery consideralion, accommodating i t in
the best way yon con, until the arrival of hlr. d e Naison Rou:e,aod of
another family, which has also remained at Natchez.
According to this plan you see, sir, that you =ill no longer be so iso-
hted ns heretofore, and that in n s h o r ~time you a i l l 6nd yourselfin a
condilion lo make hend against the snvoges; the O s ~ g e hove s again corn.
mitted some robberies; nevertheless, they hnve not killed any of our
hunters, having contented themselves with taking from them the fruils
of h e i r chase; a4 the fort which we are building among them will be
completed only nt the end of this year, i t is not yet possible to aubjecl
them, M ber re is room lo hope tbnt we will succced in doing nfterwards.
89 to the C h o c ~ a w s , ~ h e is
r e no hnrm in the nations of the other bor.
der mnkiog war upon illem; i t will prevent t l ~ e mfrom frequentin,, V 80
often, your neighborhood; and when hey shall see that your inhabit-
ants wtll be ill force, they will bear you more respect; ns to tile rest,
, a fort, and we will place there a garrison as soon os the wnr
will permit us to diminish that of the posts the most exposed; the
inlention of Mr. de Maison Rouge is to form a n united colony, so ns to
be in a state 10 defcnd himzelf there easily against the savages, and tn
mernble together tbere orrimns of every kind.
I a m enchanted that you shc dld find yourself, sir, charged with tbis
command; your love for h u r n a r i ~ y your, knowledge, your disinterested-
ness, all atisner to me for the succeu of a n en~erprise\\.hich is of the
c
Fenlest consequences for this colony and for the Slate; for our object is
!, .- , to place ourselves beyond dependence on the Americans for the provi-
sioning of flour stun's that Louisiana will succeed, perhaps one dny, in
furnishiog to the Hnvaoa, abich .will procure her a new branch of
commerce.
You will aurely be highly satisfied with the character, knowledge,
and pri.rnie viens of tlie hlsrquis 01 Baton Rouge; you will find in him
Uirilcd Sldw vs. h n d r heirs.

a friend who will render agreeable to you [he kind of solicitude in
which you have lived unul n o w , a n d I hope you two will transform
these deserts into an eocbaotrd land; seeing tbat the circur&ancur
and p r e n t aituntion of Europe permit u s to draw thiLber n F e a t num-
ber of useful emigranu, for I d o not there any kind of indolent
people, or people little ndapted to agriculture.
1 have the honor to be, with the nlost perfect consideration, air, your
very humble and very obedient servant,
T h e B A R O N DE C A R O N D E L E T .
+
Letter of Carondelet to Filhiol (taken from the files in the case of he
Mnjor, Aldermen,and Inhabiranln of Philadelphia and N e w Orleans
vs. the United Slates.)
KOUVELLE OFLEANS, ce 2 Juin 1796.
KO. 6.-Rep. le 14 Juil., par Ll. 9reerd.
J ' a i r e p e l lu, rnoosieur,nrec un plaisir keel, la l e l ~ r eq u e YOUS avez
h i t i N r . d e N a b n Rouge l e .Z Avril, et dont voua m e passe2 la
copie dsns celle du No. 10. Les reprtseolations q u e vous lui faitca
m n t fondkes sur la justice, la raison, et la moderation; a'il n'y a aucuna
Cgards, il faudrn ernploier la force desloia, er quoique j'appreodrais avec
peine qu'il vous nie force i y recourir, je n e pourrai qu'approuvcr v w
trc ferrnetk el sutenir vos decisions, car il n'est pas juste q u ' l ~ nparti-
culier d e n n e le public dans sa dependance, et j'ignore, w r n m e je le l u i
marque, c e que c'est que de slCcarter des loix et d e la justice la plus
I impnrtiale.
Quant a u Sieur IIorrisoo, j'ni vkri6e qu'il n'est oullement food;: i I
I
pretendre Ee maintenir sur UO territoire qui n e lui appi-iient pas, et i
le d b e r n b r e r de celui q u e j'ai destine a u nouvel 6tablissement; ai
cependant il y araii une mnison el des travaux cons4quens, j c p u m i
lui accorder In mime extension de terre q u e s'il faisait partie d u dic
&tnblissernent, coupant court d e c e ~ t efason a route jnlousie et priten-
Lions dea nouveatrr colons.
Mr. de b l a i ~ o nRouge m e dernande un arpenteur, mais 1'6tablbe.
ment est encore Lrop peu consequent pour cet eKet, et vous pourrez, e r
attendant qu'il prenne vigoeur, donner cette commission quelques per-
aonnes d e atisf~ction,ou la rernplir vous-msme.
La pretention i l'etablissernent d'une comp'ie d e cavnlerie a t n o s
cbimire dans lea circonstances presentes; mais ai l e trail6 d e lirnites a
lieu, ce dont je doute encore, o n pourra 6tablir u n e gamison d e troupe
reglee nu fort bliro.
hlr. le Baron de R ~ t r o p ,q u i descend actuellement l e fleuve, par-
viendrn peut.&tre ;convnincre Mr. de hlaison R o u g e de l a nullite d u
ayateme qu'il a'est lorme; il m'a poru d ' u n caractere droit, rernpli d e
bon sena, e t d'une douceur qui I'a rendu cheri icy Q tout le moodc;
vous en serez strernenr, monsieur, ~ r & conrent,s et il c o n k b u e m i
;gayer vqtre salitude. .
L'ordre que j e vous p m concernant l a engages pour l e nouvsl bLa-
blissernent n'aura de force, prenez y bien garde, qu'autaol que leur

engagement nura 6 6 contract6 hors des domains d u toy, p r e c n l OU
pardevaot d'ur terrains impartiaux, n u cas que I'intfressk ne snit pa3
bcrire.
J'ai I'honoeur d'ttre. arec l a ~ l u snarfnite consideration, monsieur,
rolre tres humble et ires o b c i w n t serviteur,
LE B A R O N DE CAROSDELET.
K E W ORLEASS,
this 2d June, 1796.
N o . 6, receired the 14th July, by N r . Brenrd.
Ihnve received nnd read, sir, w i t h a real pleasure, the letter wllich
y o u bnve written to M r . de N a i s o n Rouge, the 23d April,and o f which
you send m e the copy in that of N o . 10; t h e representalions which y o u
make to h i m are founded o t justice, ~ reason, and modern~ion;i f he bas
no regard to them, i t w i l l be n e c m r y to employ the force of the laws;
and, although Iahall learn w i ~ hpain that he sllould hare forced y o u 10
have recourse to them, I cannot b u t approve yoor firmness and sustain
your decieions; for i t is not j u s t that n private person should keep the
public depeoding upon h i m . and I a m ignornnt, as Iremark to h i m , of
what i t is to steD a i d e from the lams and from the loort impartial
ju~lice.
As to M r . Norrison, Ihave ascertained that be is i n no manner
Souoded in pielending to maintain himself o n a tenitory which does
not belong h i m , nnd to dismember i t from that which I hare dcstined
to be n e w .s!ablishment; if, however, he h a d there J. home and con.
sequeoiworks, Icould nccord bim the m n i e extent of land as i f be
made port o f the m i d es~ablirhment, cutting short i n this manner a l l
jealoujy and pretensions o f t h e o e w colonists.
blr. de Naison Rouge al;s.me for n surveyor, b u t the esablishment
ia as yet or too little cooseque~~ce for this effect, nod you can, w h i l e
awniting i t to p i n vigor, give this commission to some eatislaclory per-
sons, or fill i t yourself.
T l l e pretension to the mablisbrnent o f a company of cavalry is a
chimera i n the preent circumstances; b u t i f the boundary treaty Lakes
place,of n b i c h Idoubt ns yet, there ulny be 8 gnrrison o f regular troop8
estnblished nt F o r t Miro.
Mr. the Baron de Bsstrop, who i s nt present desceoding the river,
xill succeed perhnp in conviocing N r . de Naiaon Rouge of tbe n u l l i t y
of the system n b i c h he has formed for himself; he hasappenred to m e
o f n n uprigllt charncter, f u l l o f good sense, and o f mildnes that has
rendered h i m beloved here by every one; y o u w i l l surely, sir, be con-
lent w i t h him, and h e \\.illconlribute to e n l ~ v e nyour solitude.
T h e order which I traos~nityou, loncerning those engoged for the
new c b b l i s h m e o t , w i l l only have force-tnke good careof thi- fsr
&a Cheir engageinenla ehall hnpa been cootracted without the domaios
United Sfole rs. l b n c r ' s h h .

of the King, in ariting, or before two ilnpnrtinl w i t n w , in tase the
pnrty concerlied does not kno\ip how to.!vrite.
1 hove the lionor lo bc, !villi [he luosl perfect cooriderntion, air, your,
very hunlblc and very obedient serrnnl.
'Che BARON DE C A R O N D E L E T .
hlr. FILHLOL.
Cnrondelct's letler to ?ifcison Roune (laken lronl the files i n the case of
the blnyor, .4ldermen, &c., of Philodclpliia and h'ew Orlean3 7s. the
United Slntes.)
%
Documetll m a r k e d A 3.
N'ELLE-ORLEAXS, ce 5 Mars, 1797.
J'ai ranis, monsieur, i Mr. de Grnnd-Prb, la v&rificntioll er decision
dea plninles que vous me porlcz par rolre letlre d u '23, e n egard i ce
q u e ne me lrournnt pas sur les ileux, il.rnlest irnpasible d'rn juger
par rnoi-rnkrne; cependan1,je n e p e u r ~n'ern@cherde vous dire votre
detle vis-6-vi3 de Mr. de la Beaume, &ant conrracrke purcment et aim-
plernent par iln billet qui ne fail nullrment nten~iondes r6strictions q u e
vous reprkcntez, Volls Ctes dn13 le CRS de In satisfaire ou d'ktre execute
d'aprka la lois de lous les pays. J'envoie A Mr. de Grand-Pre le inan-
dement d'ericution, afin qu'il vous laisse le4 moyens d'entrer nupara-
vant en arrangement avec hlr. de In B e a u r r e , el que, si vous n e b u -
vez y prvenir, i l lui donne le cours prescrit par lo loi.
.Totlie estimation doil Pue fai:e pnr d e ~e x p e r b nomrnes fgalement
ar la i n t C r 4 ; mais,lorsqu'ila ne peuuent alaccorder,le juge nolnrne
k troisiilne.
J'R~ depesche volre requ?le p u r . faire constater votre propriete, quai-
qu'elle ne Kit pns en regle; d'oprts rnon dkcre[,vous derrez vous n d r e
ser i I'nrpen~cur5&nirnl pour le titre legal. J'ni squ d e lui q u e w n
a u b d 6 1 6 ~ u i , D nVinzente
. Pintodo,e'ilnnl prisentb I'annke dernibre ou
O u ~ c h i l apour
, arpenter les possessions d m habilaos el l w borner, ils
e'y Ptaient reiuak, en d i s n t qu'ils o'avnient p s de quoi payer ees hc-
norairea; nonobstant il ne peut vo'iager el trnvailler p u r r i e ~ ~ .
J'ai difendu i Cornet de a'irnblir au Ouachita sorls quelque pretexte
q u e ce noit! rnais il va ae placer a u n'alchrs, d'oh il envoiera les Chac-
tnws chaser de vos cBtEa, ce qui sera encore pl113dnngercox, car, lea
Eatchcs nl&nnt plus nous, nous o'nurons rien i lui dire.. P o u r rcn-
dre ce poste plus re2pec1able, je vais y envoier 11ne petile ~ a r n i w n mais ,
j e n e v i s o i la i o ~ e r ;el il faudrilil q u e les h a b i ~ a n snldmenr A coa-
per d w palissades pour former une'enceinle, 011 c ~ p e c ede fort, dnns ic.
quel ils se relirernient en C R S d ' i n s u l ~ e ,el nu milieu duquel je place-
rnis uoe rnnison forte oii he logcrnit la g a r n i s o ~ l .U n i n ~ c o i e u rdolt p r -
tir, aous peu de jours, pour reconnai~re
Vous q a u r e z que le roy m'a nom
3 e~nplnce~nent.
comrnandanl general & cea
prorincu, e l que je ne dipends p l ~ a ' ~ u ' e . d e rninis~res.
s
- Nous nttendons par momens le Baron de Bastrop, qui dcscend o v a
t i n q n~illepuaru de farinc.
[ k c . C X C I , D.T.1543.1-1)
Uniled States ve. 7 b m ~ ' s&s.

J'ai l'honneur d'ktre, avec l a plus p r f a i t e consid6rotion, monsieur;
votre trks humble el ir&sobiissant serviteur,
LE B A R O R DE C A R O N D E L E T .
MR.D X NAISQN ROUGE.
Translotion of Doc. A 3.
NEWORLEANS,f h u 5th March, 1797.
I h a r e remitted, sir, to hlr. J e Grand Pri:, the verification nnd deci-
aion of the contploin~swhich yo11 bring berore me by your letler of the
23d, laking inlo consideration i l l n t , not being on the ?pot, it is impoui-
ble iqr me to judge of it by n ~ y s c l r ;nevertheless, I cannot prevent iny-
self from lelling you thnt your debt towards hIr. d e in Bcnume, b a n g
conlracted pl~relyand simply by a nole which i~ in no mnnlrer men-
tions the restricrions which you set rorth, you nre so situated ihnt you
must mtisfy it or be executed upon nccordinz lo the laws of nll coun-
tries. 1 send to Rir. de Grand Pri. the tnandnle of executio!~~-inorder
thnt be may leave you the means of entering previously into xrnnge-
Inen1 w i ~ hMr. de la Beaume, a n d that,if you cannot succeed in doiog
ao, h e moy give it the course prexribed by law.
Every approisement should be made by experrs nnmed eqrtally by
the parties inreresled, bul when they connot ngree,the judgenamesthe
thirtl.
I h a ~ de e s p t c h e d your petition (requere) to have pour propriclorrbip
establisl~ed,(constater,) olthough i t \v\.ns not in regular shnpe; ~ c c o r d i
to my decree, you will hove 10 address yourself to rhd surveyor genera 9
for the legal t ~ t l e . I hove learned from him bat his d e p t ~ t y , D o n
Viozente Pintndo, huving presented himsclf last year nt Ouochita to
survey i b e possession of the inhabi~ontsnod the bottnda, they had re-
fused it, saying that they hod not to poy his fees; nevertbelus,
h e callnot travel nod work for n o ~ h i n g .
I have forbidden Cornet to es~oblishhimself at Ouachitn under any
relext whmever; but he is going lo place himself at Piatchez, whedce
g e will aend the Chocraws to h u n t on your aide, which {yill be atill
more dangerous, for the Nntchez being no longer ours, we will havc
nothing t u s y to him. T o render this post more respectable, I am about
to send n small garrison there, bur I d o not know where to lodgeit, and
it would be necessary for the inl~abitantsto nid to cut pnlisade, lo form
an enclosure, or species of fort, in which tliey could retire in m e of
insult, and in the tnidst of wlrich 1 would place a strong house where
the gnrrison would lodge; on engineer is to depart within a few daya 10
rcconnoilre its position.
Y o u must know that the K i n g ha4 named me wmmandant general
of these provinces. and tbal I an) 110 longer dependant except of h e
ministers.
W e expec) momentnrily the Baron de Bastrop, who is descending
7 with five thousond quarters of flour.
I have the honor to be, wit11 the rnost perfect conaideralion, air, Tour
very humble and very obedient servant,
T h e BARON DE C A R O N D E L E T .
Mr. DE MAISONROUGE.
Filhiol's letter to Mnisoo Rouge (token from the files in the case of h e
Mayor, Aldermen, k c . , of Philndelphin and New Orleana ~ 8 tlla .
United Siatcs.)
Uocumenl marked A No. 6.
N o x s r ~ LE u ~MARQUIS:
P a r une leit1.e d'affice d e ' S . E. le gouverneurgr'l du W l u i n dyer.,
il m e donne avis que, pour des ~r~otifd qui intiressent egdement le ser-
vice d11 roy. le bien g'ral et In t r n ~ ~ q u i l l ides
t i posres des Kalchi~ochea,
O~lacliita, Rapides el Avoyelles, il R nornlni: lieutenant gouveroeur
des dits pastes le colonel L)n. Carlos de Grand.Pri, qui doil inire sn d-
sidence r ~ uOuachiln, et m'enjoint d'oMir a ses ordres comma com-
mandant d c 62 dipendance.
Pnr u n e letrre pnrtlculiere d u 30 Juillel, S. E. w plnint q u e vous
nvez laisse parlir Air. d'Aigrepont q u e volls frail& de colon, el auquel
vous an& faii donner 100 pires. e n la dire qualice pnr le t r k r , sous
preterte q u e les chenilles on[ ravage son mnfty, l'assuranl q u e Mr.
dlAigrepoint renietrra certe somme nu a s qu'il parte de In L o u i a i ~ n e ;
et [ill m e dit de yous dire, de sn part, monsieur, que cette f n p n d'@r
n'est p u e n usage chez nous, o i ~tout se fuit a r e c la plus g n n d e Tor-
rnnlit4.
S. E. .,joule: "Je vous charge egalement, mon:ieur, d'obliger, a
l'absence ile blr. de Grnnd-Pr6, Mr. de Naison Rouge a faire choix
dz4 4000 nrpene d e lerre, qui doivent se repartir nur 30 families qu'jl
doit itablir, lui difzndant de diranger les anciens hnbitnns, don1 il doit
&carter son ftablisement de T n ~ o n$, ne pas Ies g i ~ ~ e r . "J'ay l'hon-
neur de vous prevenir, monsieur, q u e , faute d1nvoirfail ju~qu'Apr&n!
le choix d e ces 4000 nrpens, il n e \.ou.i e t plus loisible de [le] faire q n ' a
air lieu1 d u bayou Siard, vu q u e to111ce qui esi renferme dans c ~ekl
pnce, el q t ~ in'est p ~ concide,
3 est destine nux farnilles qua l e Baron
d e Basirop doil ir~troduire.
P a r decret de S. E., il rn'est erljoint d'ngbir juridiquemenl pour rous
contrnindre au pnyetnenr de diverse3 de vos obligations, mont't.i l a
soinme de 283 plres. Epnrgnez-nioy, je rous prie, mon:ie~lr, ce d h -
g r h ~ e n l e, n eatisfaisant tout d e euite i ceue eornme. Decidez-vous,
s'il le [nut, .i un eacrifice, auquel il faudra vous r h u d r e avant qu'il
eoit rendu plus coostiquen~par les fraia qui a'ensuiveront. J'auends A
cet Ggard volre rkpotise jusqu'au 20 du courant.
Je suis, nvec respect, monsieur le mnrrluia. votre ~ r e shumble e l tres
T r a n s l n f w n of Doc. A No. 5.
SIRMARQUIS: By an official letter of his excelleocy the governor
geneml ol the 24h 5une \as\,he nllvisea me i h n ~(nl mniives which in.
Ily the service of t h e K i n g , the general good, and t h e h x t
teresr eq'?
quilljly o the posl9 of Narchitoches, O u a c h l u , Rapidea, and Avoyalloa
U d e d Sblu vs. l b m ' s ireirs.

he bas nnmed, w lieutenoni governor o f !he m i d posls,Don Carlos d e
Grand Prb, who is l o m a k e his residence nl Ouachita, and enjoins m e
to obey h i orders rw c o m ~ n a o d a n t .
B y a privnte letter o f the 3Otlr July, his excellency complains t h a t
y o u hnvc permitted i h e departure of hlr. D'Aigrepont, wboin y o u treat
as n colonist, nod to \\-horn y o u linve cnured 100 dcrllars to be given in
m i d r a ! i t y by tile treasury, under pretext t l ~ a the t calerpillars havc re-
vage h ~ corn s ,assuring i t t l ~ a tM r . D ' A i g r e p n t w i l l return this S I I ~ in
case he should dcpnrt from Louirinnn ; nnd [ells ine 10 s ~ to y you, o n
his pit, sir, that i l l i s mnnner o f ncring is not customnry nnloog US,
wllere every 111ing is done w i t h the greotest lormalily ; thnt before let-
ting M r . II'Aigrepont abandon the estnblisl~tnentfor n~lrich11e had en-
cnged hirnself, y o u s l ~ o t i l dh a r e obliged l ~ i mto return to the K i n g the
100 dollars which have been ndsn~lccdto l t j n ~ ,and for which you w i l l
hod yourself nccountable towards the royal irensury for having failed in
tbis formnlity.
H i s excellency odds: Icharge yo11 nlso, sir,'in the absence o f N r . de
Grand Pre, to oblige M r . de Mnison Rouge lo make choice of the 4,000
nrpents o f land w h i c h are to be dirlribriied to ihe 30 fornilies w h i c h b e
i 3 to establish ; forbidding h i m l o dirturb the ancient iuhabitants, f r o m
wbom be i s to place h i s estnblisht~~ent opnrt i n such a nlonner os n o 1 to
Inmrnmode them. 1 have the bonor to notify you, sir, thnt o w i n g t o
having failed until n o w in mnking choice o f theec 4000 arpents,
~t 13 no locger l a w f u l for y o u to make i t , unlers at eix leagues distance
from the bayou de Siord, inasmuch as n l l tlrat is coniprised in this
space, and w l ~ i c bis n o t granted, is destined to the fntnilies w h i c h t h e
Baron de Basirop is to introduce illere.
B y decrce o f his excellency, i t is enjoined upon m e to act jtidiciallp,
to coostmio you to the payment o f d i r e n o f your obligations, amount-
i o to the sum o f 2S3 dollnrs. S p r e me, 1 pray you, sir, his disagree-
'i
ab e course, b y aniislying irrtntediacely dtis s u m . D e c i d e j o u m l f , i f i t
must be so, to a sacrifice, to w l ~ i c hyo11 must lnoke u p your mind, be-
Tolo i t be rendered o f m o r e coneeqrtences by the costs which w i l l f o l l o w .
I await on tlris subject yoirr reply trntil the 211th instant.
1 am, w i t h resc' t eg, ~ a r i u f s ,your very b u m b l e nnd very obedient
Mrvant. FILHIOL.
~ o r t ' M i r o ,the 1 2 i h September, 1796.
Petition of Bnstrop l o Cnroi~delet(doctllncnt marked A 6) token f r o m

tbe files i o the case o f t l ~ eN a y o r , Aldermen, k c . , o f Philadelphia e n d
New Or!enos PS. T h e Uni~edStntes, already copied on p g - 64 el 65
o f this trnnwript.
Copy o f Trudenu's certificate and plan o f " Basirop gmnt" ano~.xed
lo Bringier's d e p i t i o n , already copied on p,,pe S6 e l seq. uf this Iran-
uripc.
Judge Bry'a depxition' (taken front the files i n the c ~ q o ihe f Mayor,
A l d e m c ~ ~&'L,C., o f P h i l a d e l p l ~ i aat111 Sew Orleans vs. T h e .United
&la.
THEM A Y ~ RALDERMEN,
, k c . , o f Philadelphia,
aud h e Xayor, Aldermen, k c . , of h'ew Orleans,
vs.
TEEUNITED STATES.
Court of tlie United Statea for tbc district of hitisiana.
STATEOF LOUIST.~XA,
Pnrish of Ounchila:
By virtue of a comnlission directed to a n y judge, jllstice of tile pence,
or mngirtrate, in the parish of. Ouachiia, Stale of Lollisinna, from the
honorable the court of t h e United S I ~ I W fur, the diztrict of Louiriona,
dated at New Orlcans, !he 10th day of J u l y , A. D. 15.16, I , PRIIIM G
E o e r y , a justice of the peace io and for the parish of Ouncbila nnd
Stale aforesaid, this 2 2 5 day of February, 1347, took the depositions
or allswcrs of Henry B r y , a witness prodltced on the part of petition-
ers; whicb depositions nre to be read in evidence on the [rid of this
cause, as follows :
Answer of witness to inkrrogator): the 1st. Bly nnme is Henry Bry;
near 66 years old; born in Geneva, in Sivi~zerland;my residence neor
Monroe, parish of Ouacl~ita;m y occ~ipalionfaminx.
Answer to interrogntory 2d. 1 became acquninled with Rn~trop'a
grnnt when I first came here in August, lSU'3, nnd becnme acquainted
wilh Bostrop who often spoke to l n e about his p o t . T h e plainti68
are in possession of lnnds claimed under tlie Bastrop's title, ond situoled
witbin the limik of tlie survey of the g n o t . T h e y 11ave been in pua-
session aince the death of Stephen Girnrd, w h o willed i l to them in tba
year 1831. Stephen Girard had. been in possescion at different succeed-'
ing timur. His first purcl~aseio his own.nali1e was made nt auction in
Philadelphia, on the 29th J s n u a r y , 1822 ; a h c n and where the r e
rnaining part of Abraham Murel~otxse'sshare of the cranl usas otTered
the trustee of the heirs of Morehouse, nnd u,ns purchued by Stephen
Girord, Jnmea L y l e , a n d Robert E. Grifith in direrent propaniona.
T h e shnre of James L y l e was computed to be G2,2Yl arpenls, and of
Robert E. GriMth 25,585 nrpenrs. T h e i r representntivw a m also
claimanls in the grant under precisely tlie same title as ( b e plaintiffs
above named. T h e balance of the lands belonging to and claimed by
plaintitTe was purchased by Stephen Girnrd from severnl owners at dif-
ferent times, whose title. were derived from Bastrop ~ h r o u g hMorebouw
nnd others. T h e whole amount claimed by plaio'tiUj is computed aL
upwards of 212,000 arpents; t b e ~ rpossesion has been public a11d noto-
rious, all ihe deeds ~ e l a t i v ethereto beinz recorded here; they have
punc~uallypaid all [axes to a large nmount, and several persons have
taken lenses for small tracla froni. their ngeot. T h e oldeer title under
Bnatrop or by 8astrop in persoo, is the o n e of Bmtrop himself. In
J u n e , 1795, when Goveri~orCorondelet ordered J . Filhiol, then com-
mandant bcre, to deaignate 12 square leagues of land. for the grant to
Bastrbp, t h e following year, same month, Caroodelet approved ihc
plan or plat made by Liveau l'rudeau, of tile lu q u a r c leagues,
gmnting the mme to B u r o p . Ik l ~ o wthin frotn Ilaviog eeen copim of

Ihe originnl t i t l e papcia of the prant.
Answc~to interro~;llolyt l ~ e3d. L never ww the original grnnt, nor
do Iknow shere i t il, or wllnt ha3 become o l it. I am, however, pfr-
waded, that n ~ s l r o pt w k it from the archivm of this parish when Yln-
c+nle Fa. Texeiro wru cnmn~ondaot.
Answer to intcrrqstory the 4th. 1 never eaw any original document
o f Bmtrop grant.
Answer to i l l t e m p t o r y the 5th. Isaw an autlentic copy of the
Bastmp'a gmnt ill the hnnd. of Joltn N o ~ ~ c a r r o w who
, wm an agent of
Bastrop. Ido not knuw precisely wllnt yenr, probably i n 1610 or 1811.
H e l c n r i l l 1 me wlien he 13.1~u . u here, a b o u ~I b or 18 y a r n ago, uk-
ing o f me to trarulate i t for biln. Inever say hi111since ; he died i n
Natchitocha. 1 kept t l ~ n tco y,and it is l~eretoannexed, So. I, and ia
the a n l e which has been exRibitd to the witncssn, who have apken
d il. Iam well acquninted with the signaturea to thnt docurnenc. I
hare d e n Ken Enstrop, Pornet, and Yillaret write ron'fc. Inever caw
T u e i m write, but by wlnpriltg it nith other o f him, I an) sure t h a ~
ba dgnd L ~ U . Btutrop waa a Hollander. Iknew lliln since 1603;
he died at St. Antonio do B w , as I wiu infortned. I knew Villard
u l h s rame time; P m c t mme time afterwards. Yillard a-an ri farmer,
ba died hero about tweoly y&n ago. Porn& wna a clerk i n n wm-
r n d lnousc at the then posr of Ouachita. H e d i d , Iklieve, in
h'nlchex, wrnc ycara ego. Nona o l tllwa three pemnc held any p u b
Ljc office or situation. Ifa l i v e , Bascrop would, 1 thiok, be about nine-
ty y m n old. Yillard and Polllet nearly the same.
Aruwer to intenogntory the CKh. Iwru n M bcre before 1803, when
the r r n o l u who came under D d r o p ' s wntmct settled within the l i ~ n i l s
d t b e p u n t ; Ihare seen n ILL of illem ,amounting to one hundred and
elrrcn; Ihnvc known many of be l~cad: of falnilics therein named; to
each of ahom, IWRY infortllcd by gcnernl report, 400 arpents bad been
d l o ~ ai ln the grant; 1 hnve dm n statement from J. Nclaughlin, an-
n e r d to s m e field notca or the survey of tlrc grnnt, specifying the came
number a l l r n o n s M scaled under Uru~rop'acontrnct; be waa a deputy
arne or under Larenu Trudcau; Iam well aquointcd with NcLnugh-
lie'. kdodrriting, and IIL uatenlenl hereto annexed, KO. 2, w u cer-
u i n l y m i u c n by hilrl; a grmt number of fnruiliw hnvo since got p
&M or, l a d sctllcd on h c u . o l land in, hat grant, by purchase or
abetwise, from ib ownen; the whole parish o f Morehouse i s included
i n il; itn poplotion cnnnot be lm tban 400 a 500 mula; the plainli&
nerer .old MY of h e i r lands ibers.
A a t w u to iotenogatory the 7th. Ido n o t k n o w of any other fact or
c i m m a ~ o wwhich could bo of adrantnge to tbe plaiotifs, exccpc t h ~
uoanimoua opinion d all tlre inhabilanb, thnt i t is a good, bona fida
p t , for h e &ning or keeping m i o n of which not tbe I da
v dm ever resorted lo; Ion further a n t e , what wo u r
n n r c or f r n ~ ~ d
E e keu kucr $& i n ontwcr to 2d intur-ry, to wit, theamouol
A532
United Glatcs r a . Rrmrr't &s. 71
of State and parish t n x a p ~ i dby t h e plaintiffsand othen on the B m o p
grnot, M lollows:
I3y 9. Girard, from whom plnintifi hold . -
By the plnintiRs -
- - - --
32,372 00
6,044 00
B y the representatives of James L y l e - - 2,145 00
By the r e p r e e n t ~ t i v uof Robr. I;;. Griffith - 1,435 77
By preceding o w n e n of the above -. - 9,000 00
O f (his Isst 'item I have not su5cien1'dotn to b e precise; other owners
in the balance of the g n n t , about +, have been lnxed in the same plo-
portion; direct taxes mere alw, paid to the United S I R ~ M for 1816 o n
that grant; I have two receip~s,which I nnnex hereto, No. 4 ~ n d6,
signed by Jonathan Uorgan, employed.by T. A . Blanc, collector; to
his signnture I testify, having seen him write very often; another re-
ceipt frutn Felix Arnaud, then State treasurer for State tares for 1621,
to Ed'd George, who m a sent here by S. Girord ;cl his %en!, is also
attached hcrero, No. 3; I knew Ed'd George, and saw him
write oTten; h e certainly signed tbe deposi~ionaccompanying that, re-
ceipt.
Amcers of rmfness lo c.ross infeno_oato&s, mz:
Answer to let inlerrogatory. I have no interest in the eve01 of thin
suit.
Answer to 2d interrogatory. No.
Answer to 3d interrogatory. - I a m not related to a n y o n e holding a n y
of these lands, in nny way: or interested in this suit.
Answer to 4th interrogatory.
- . I aln in terms of friendship witl~.m a n y
owoers in tlinl g r a m
Answer
. - -
to interrogatorv the 6lh. I live witliin n few miles from the
0
eouthweat corner of thc grant.

Answer to 6th iuterrosatory. 1 have resided a i ~ c e1604 in the neigh-
borhood.
7th interrogatory answered in the nbove.
I n answer to interrogatories Eth, 9 t h , l o t h , l l t h , 1 2 t h , and 13th, I
can only m y thnt, havtng been first here in Augu5t, 1S03,it was but by
general reports I was informed of who( l~oppened before in relation to
the grant; when 1nrrived, here were many families settled thereon.
Answer to in~erroplorythe 14111. Ttlere was nt m y nrrivd hers b u t
one arist mill, which had been erected by Baslrop at the mourb of
bayGt Siard.
lnterrogatorie 15th and 16th anstrered by the above.
Answer to 17th iorerrogarory.
swered negntively.
-- T h i r d inlerrogalory,
- in cbief, is an-
ln~errogatory18th, 19th, 20th, 2101,22d, and 23d, are answered by

thcabov<
Answer to ioterrogatorp the 24th. 1 was well ncquainted w i h J o h n
Filhiol, former commandant of the p a l of Ounchitn,-under the S p n i e h
government.
Armra to nietrmgua). &a 25h. John F i l h i o l d i d about 24 yean

egu,u*l -then = o r S3 ycan o l n g c .
h a l o i o t w o v 111c %II. KO.
A a r x a to intcnogatory h e Zlh. IWIS,a t my nrrivnl i n 1803, in-
brmal 1h.l t f ~ c r oalu yl nulhorizcd deputy r u m e y o r o f [he S nigh
m o ~ hi*; rltrnc .suJ. hIcLauchlin; I became n c q u a i n t r w i t h
T b o d i d r r u t Z w r ago; ill 1503, h c n p p u r e d t o be about 30 or
U)K% ta (cb intrnogo~or;, in chief, in i n tbc o&tisc,
a an uurn lo in~arogilrory2Stl1.
and awce
Yy .mu LO i n ~ e m o p o r yt l ~ c51h, in chief, w i l l e q ~ t n l l ym m e r i n -

I-aJ tho m h , with tbc nddilion that I cnnoot tell how onen 1
barn a Bartrnp, l ' o ~ ~ ~ and c t , Yillnrd aign f h ~ i rnames; Pomel very
d u n , V i l l n d I-, a l ~ dI3,wrop t ~ o tover 4 or 5 t i m a .
A m n to intcrmgiltoq 30th. I ncver caw a n y other copy (aurhenlic)
d thd g n n t than the one nlludcd l o n b v e , and annexed hereto, Nu. 1.
A m c r LO i n 1 c n o g ~ t o r y 3 1 r t .KO; IW M not l ~ c r ein 1795 or 17%.
l o t ~ o r 32d y anrwcrnl b y tllc &re, oil w e l l ns t h i 33d.
H. BRY.
Sworn l o ' m d subscribed M o r e me, o n (Ilia E d day o f February,
A. D. I S 4 i .
PAUL McENERY,
&ice oj lh pea-.
S u n o r L ~ U I S I A S A , + of Ouzhila:
I,RIII .\lcEnrrp. q j u a i c c o f she p a c e in and farthe parish o f Ouo-
c b , and State n l o r c s i d , d14y comnlimioned nnd m o r n , do hereby
cut if^, t h a t the lorcgoing five pya conlnin l h c dcposilion or answeta,
d H m q Ury, a r i ~ n m p d u u r l o n pafi o r p l n i n t i f i ; which depai-'
I
Lirm or a n s w e r s r c r e inten by nla on ~hia22d day of February, 1847,.
b~ rirtue of a c o m ~ n i a i o nand i n l c r r o p t o r i a , hereto annexed, from h e
bcmoraMc lhe c o u n o f tho United S m t a for 111s diatrict 01 Loui~iaon;
r h t the l n r r c n of m i d w i t n m were writre0 o u t by one, and in my
brodwriliog; hat IIICanswers o f a i d wirncaa were r e d over by him,
and =ern w o r n l o u ~ dgned d i n m y prownca b y s a ~ dwitnrm, as at-
m ad b me, after hnving bem reduced l o w r i t i n g b y m e M. aforeaaid;
d
4mi w .~ t n mstated, lhnt Ills nnnvera hnd been correctly written out
bdora b e d g n d t l i e ~ nu aforesaid.
In w i t n c n w h c r m l Ihove hereunto subscribed my name, hii 22.
thy o f f c h u q , A . D. 1S47.
P A U L McENERY,
of the Pmcr.
&lice
Sale o j h d by B o q I i n y lo Donid CLarke, dnlcd 1st-oJ June, 1804.
A u j o u d ' l ~ u ~prclnicr
, jour de J u i n d c I ' m n 6 c m i l h a i t cent quake,
. k g t - h u i t i k r n e do I'indtpcndnocc Am&ricoioa, n p r b - m i d y , .
R r d c \ a t ~ tnoun, I'icrra P d c c l n u x , aotnira ublic d m E u b U u i r
d'hm&luc, i I n Kouvcllc-Orlcnns, cnpidnlc d o Louiainnc,
...
I RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES
United S l d w vs. 'ILmcr's hpira.

/523
F u t present Ic sieur Louis Bouligny, oficier nu servira de Sa Ma-
jan6 Catholique, tnineur, i g C de vingt.trois ans, asaiate r : ~autorise par
Is aienr Dominique Bortli;ny,son frkre et abn curateur ad tmna el lilw,
le dit sielrr Dom~nlque Bouli,ony p r k e n t en pcrsonne, dtmeurant roue
I- d e u r en ceue rille, pnroisse de St. Lnuia;
Lequel dit sieur, Louis Bouligny, assist6 et ouroris6 comma 4 i c eat,
sou8 le dotrble r n p p r t d'esectlrer~r ~cslarneolaireet ligntnire nn~sersel
de feu Sieur Joseph de Maison Rou,oe,avec pouroir de vendre et d i r p
ser de tolls les biens par lui lni-Cs ;1 son di.cks? ninsi qu'il I'a dKclar&
et ordon116par son lesrnnient r e p parnous, notnrre ct ternoios, le vin*
six A o i t mil sept cent qua~re.vingr.dix.neuf, a , par ces p r h e n ~ e a dpl ,
eon bon grC, propre rnouvement el pilre volonti:, vendu, c e d i , quittb
et transport4, nvec promcrse tle gnrantir de tous troubles, dettes, hypo-
th&ques, dons, douaires, Svictions el n + r a enlp4chemena g&oPmle-
rnent quelconques, ce que j e cerlifie, nlol, notnire, nnnotateur quant i
l'hypothkque eeulement;
A u Sieur Dnrliel Clarke, n6gocianr en'cetre ville, et demeurnnt pa-
roise S t . Louis, cy-prdsent et occeplnnt pour l u i , se.3 hoin ou ayant-
cau:es;
Une terre situee nu Ouachiln, nynnt Irente lieues de auperficie, cnm-
lusant deux cent huit mille trois cent quarnnte-quntie atpens, a pafie
nent nu Jit sieur vendeur cornme ericutcur testamentnice [elf lisp:
taire d u dit difunt Sieirr ,Maison Rouge, en vertir do la concession qui
lui n etf kite par le guuverneur ile celte province le Baron de Coroo-
delet, l e \ring! Juin mil yep( q i ~ a ~ r c - v i r . g - d i x - = P
dGnent
I, en forme,
signf, contresigni: rI acclle.
L n dite terre cy-dessus vendue, telle qu'elle se poursuii et cnmp&e,
et conforlrl&~nent nu plan figuratifqui ell a ele frtit par le Sieur Charles
Trudeilu, lc quatorte Juin tnil sept qualre-vingt-dix sept, lequel plan
l e dit sieur vendeur n remis nu dil sieur ncquGreur, porlr parlui a'p coo-
for-mer.
N e sont point con~pri, diins IR prisente vente les lerres qui se trou-
vernient occupkes p r des proptieiaiies culriua~eurs,(ondkes sur des ti-
.+
Ires nnti.rieurs In dile concession.
Ne eont point cornpris egalenlint cinq arpens de terre de fond sur La
profondrur ordinitire, q u e le feu Sienr de Mnison Rouge s ligu6 i la
nornrn6c Marie, e n domestique Irlnrldnise d e nation, iprendre aur m n
habitation aituie nu bayou d z Bnrtheleiny, rnkrne corn[& du O u ~ c h i r a ;
muia paurrn le dit sieur ncquereur hire L: ceL Ggard tel arrnngement
qu'il croim rnisonnnble, s3ns nucune garantie ni responsabilite d e la psrh
du vendeur.
La pr&sente venle fnite el accepl6e.entre les prties, a u r charges,
clau'ses, et conditions cy.dessus, et en outre pollr el lnoyennnnl la aorn-
m e de douze mille pins~resjiour(le:, :I vnloir stir laquelle le dit sieur ac-
quereur n prhenternent et i vue de nous, notnire soussign&,cornpti: cr
pnyk celle de sir rnille pinstres gourdes, en es+ces knnsntes d u p i n -
m t r i c a i n , au dit aleur vendeur, qui les a p r i m et aerries, 1 en a
e l quitte; el, 'a 1'6 rd d u surplus d u prix de la p r k o t e venlc,
[REc. cxc,, D. ~F.IMs.]-~o
monlnnt i p i l l s mrnrns de nix r n i l l c pi&ea g o t ~ r d a , l e d i t sieur

scquCmur s CA sournis et oblige nvcc lous et chncun, sea bieoa, meu-
bles e l i m m c u b l a , dc lee payer et rernbourser, a u dit sieur vendeur,
d w uo M 8 wrnpter d a ca jour, ce q u ' i l n accepli., n u t o r i 6 comme
d i t cu, er s'cdt n I'inslnnt draistc et Gpnrk, d u conainternent de son tu-
leur, ds toua droita de propriCt6 aur I n t e r e cy-desaus vendue en fnveur
du tlit sieur ncquCreur, q u ' i l en a ~ i a eti r e v e ~ u ,pour par l u i en j o u i r
w r n l n s d e chose lui opprtennnt, d& lnaintennnt et tuujours, er en
prm?rc -ion qunnd Lon l u i sernblera.
9 obli e l e dit sieur vendeur de mtilier cea prkentes lors de sa ma-
f
jori&, i a premiere r q u i s i ~ i o nd u d i t s i e ~ ncq~aCreur:
~r & peines de taus
dipena, dolnmngca el intcrfts, car ainsi, e l obligennr et proluerlanl e l
r e n o n p n t ; el dont ocle, et jug6 de eon consententen[,
Fa11e l pmf en notre i t u d e i lo N'el~e-Orleans, lea jour e l an q u e
d m u a , en prdsenw des aienre Jenn Dnptiste R n m i r e z r t Joachiin Lo-
m o o , ternoins oui ont aioni:
nolaire sousaigni..
(Signi.)
-
., ninsi aue les anrties e n ~ r k s e n c ede oous,
DANIEL C L A R K E ,
DOMO. BOULIGNY,
JOAW. LOZ.\NO, L O U I S BOUL1GNY.
JKLV BTE.RAXIREZ.
PIERRE P E D E S C L A U X , Nre.
Js, L o u i s T. Cnire, nolaire p ~ ~ b l dnns
ic e l pour l a ville el paroisse
do in N o u r e l l e Orlhnna, d i ~ n e l ~cor~~rnissioni:
t e l a s e n n e i ~ t d ,cerlifie
quc ca q u i prbcbde est rtne copie 6 d i l e de l'crigiilnl, lnisnnt partie des
arcl~iveeen nln po=essio~~. En loi de q u o i "ni dklivrb les prcsentes,
aurguellea j'ni apposi: Ic sceau de ,lion &;de, il l a h'ouvelle-Orltions,
I s 7 A v r i l 1648.
[~E.%L.] L O U I S 1'. CAIRE.
Shle o j p r o p e r t y by flre czccutors o j D n r ~ i eCl l a r k e to H e n r y T u r n e r ,
o:~ fhe 2 6 t h Januury, 1514.
Be i t known, h a t this dny before tnc, J o h n L y o d , notnry public i n 1
and for this c i ~ yo l N e w Orlenns,per3o11n11y e p p n r e d Richnrd R e l f and
Beverly C h e w , o f this c i ~ y n~ercbanls,
, executors teslameotary o f tho
will o t D a n i e l Clark, lute o l this city, decenwd, ond mtoroeys in fact
o f M m . M a r y Clark, univerjnl heir- o f t l ~ esame, who, i n their said
qualitica, did, nild hat they do by tllew presents, grnnt, b a r p i n , and
dl,u o l o Heur): T u r n e r o f K n ~ c h e z ,h l i s i s i p p i Territory, merchnfit,
here preacnt nnd'accepting, his heira nnd amigns, one equnl undivided
unrier p r i 01 n tract 01 Inlld s i l l ~ n l e Jiii \ l i e county 01 Ouachitn, in
8 l i J Slnte, consisling o f nl,oc~t thirty l c g u e s , superficies, contnioiog
n b u l t w o I ~ u n d r e da ~ r d eizht t l ~ o u j a n d three hundred and forty-fuur
n r p u a , being the same which n n s g r n n ~ e db)- t h e Spattish government,
20th I u n e , 17!Ji, to the N a r q u b d c Naisou R o u g e ; together w i t h a l l
h a (re=, w d 3 , underwoods, W R ~ whers, , wnter courses, proG~s,ser-
virudcd, n o d appurtenances to the %me belonging, or in anywise n p
pmioing.
Uniled States vs. Tunler's heirs. o
T o have a n d to hold the same uoio the mid H e n r y T u r n e r , his beire

aod a i g n e , to bis and tbeir proper use and behoof forever; and it k
hereby declnred to be clearly understood and agreed, by and between
tbe pnrties hereto, t h ~ tthe said Henry Turner ia content with the tide
which the succesion of the mid late Daniel Clnrk has to the land
hereby sold and conveyed, and with the right of t l ~ e s eappenrers to ecll
the same; taking upon himself ihe strength and validity of the said
tille, nnd hereby renouncing nll right to damsages and iodemnity in m e
of eviction or l e p l diapssmion of the \vhole,of snid tract of land, or
of any part thereof; and discharging the mid successio~lfrom all re-
sponsibility hnvin,a relatim, direct or iodirect, t o t h e Bale nnd p u r c h w
perfected by this act; bul reierring nnd claiming tlie same righls which
the said B U C C ~ S ~ O U posessed before the paving of this act.
T h i s d e is made for nnrl in consideralion of the sum of aeven ihou-
sand hve hundred dollan, of which t ~ thousand o five hundred dollars
h u b e e n in hand paid to them, nppearers,the receipt whereof is hereby
ncknowledged, and the remaining sum of five thousand dollars is lo be
paid, one.half at the eipira~ion of one year from the f i ~day t of F e b -
runry next, nnd the other halI at the erpirztioo of two years froni same
date; payment ncknowledged nnd rele~segiven, by act before me, n s
tory, 17 November, 1614, to thern,.these nppcarers, or the ~ u r r i v o r o f
them,or the lawful rep~esentativeaofthem or him; for the wtiich pay-
ments, toill a n d truly to be made, the said Henry T u r n e r biods himself
and his heirs fir~nlyby these presents.
T h u s done nod p s e d at New Orieans,this twenty-sixth day of Jan-
uary, one thousond eight hundred nor1 fourteen, in presence of George
Pollock and J o h n Poultnev. iuo.. witnesses, w h o hereunto aien tbeir
A true copy from the original io my office, N e w Orleans, 3d April,

[L. 8.1
1848.
THEO. G U Y O L ,
Nofary P.dlic.
Agreement of counsel as to sale hy Chm and RelJ,e c u l o r s , ec., Lo
D. W. Core, hfurch 15, 1320.
BEIRE
I
O F TURNER
vs.
THEUNITEDSTATEB.
l o the dinrict court of the United Stale4 for t h e district of Lotlisiani;:
I t ia admitted that the executom of Dnniel C l a r k , Chew and Relf,
conveyed LO D. W. C o r e the remainder of the claim not claimer1
U&d W va. Tmna'~.iieirJ.

t h e matter by mmplainnnls, 2nd i l l n t thin arlmiBnion ia, by agreement,
1 o . b c n t e d o f record in lie11 o f document N o . a,
iiled'at the ~nnlo f
t h e mse, and since supposed to be l o ~ t .
THOMAS I.. C I J R A N T .
.Iffor,rer, U.S . j o r dislricf of b u & h n a .
PRENTISS r(: FISZIEY,
Affornqs/orplainf:fs-
I!is agreed: hetwcell Dn11. \V. C o s e , proprielor o f three.founl~ iln.

divided p v t s or qllnrters u f tile .\lais011 R o u g e p n i o f l n n d on the
r i v e r Ounchila. and H e n r y ' r ~ l r n e r ,proprietor of {lie r c m n i n i n g olie-
fotrnh tl~ercaf,h e r c ~ ~ s~ ~~~l b o s c r i l ~tllnt
i n ~ ,1 l ~ c y . w i l le ~ n p l o yJ u l l r ~Dins-
m o r e to survey ant1 t l i r i d e thc said tract a q c e n b l y to -id Coxe's agree-
m e n t w i t h h i m ; rllat llte divizion shnll be made conrormnbly to [lie plnn
n~ foot of this ajircernellt, i n tracts one 111ile i n widtll, e ; ~ c l ~ running
o c r m the whole brcndtll o f [lie , m ~ ~ t ;t l l n ~then e ~ c l ttract or division
ahall be numbered on a plot or d n f t prepared for the p u r p n x by John
D i n m o r e , and 101s d r n w n t h e r e f o ~ i n t h e manner following: Aa
m a n y s u c c m i r e mirnbers ns there m n y be sllores or porcels o f lnnd
ahall be a r i ~ t e no n d i f e r e n r pieces o f paper o f the s n l e sizes, w h i c h
shall be'rollrd r ~ p nod p t i t i n t o a b o x , where ; I similar oulnber of pieces
ofpaper, one-fourth [hereof rvitli the nnrne o f H e n r y T u r n e r wnttetl

L h m n , nnd lhree.forlnl~atliereuf w i t h he nnrne o f D n a l . W. C o x e
w r i t t e n ~ p o nillem, sholl be m l l e d u p w p n n t e l y and thrown together
i n l o nnother box; the boxes sflnll tlien be w e l l sbnken, and two persang,
m u t r l n l l y chosen, 3hnll d m w one m l l o r pnper from ench box at the
m e lime, wtiich shall be opened a n d reud by t b e ~ n ,whe11the number
t h u s drntvn shnll be deemed to belong to the person w l ~ o s eunme mns
~ r n u l t n n m u s l yd r n w n t b e r e r v i ~ h , and shall be recorded m such by a
t l i i r d p m n , m u t u n l l y agree11 an. T h e boxes s l ~ o l lthen bc q i o
sbaken, m d the ssma proce3 of d r a w i n g l h e n u l n h e n a n d names
a i m u l l n n e o u ~ l yconlioued, t i l l the mllale is completed, when the per-
son recording shall furnish ench party w i t h a list o l his shnresnnd n u m -
bers, wbich shn!l be b i n d i n g on them; should Illere rcmnin a u y surplus
numbers or porriona w b i c h can't be equally divided i r l the above mode,
t h e parti= w i l l then sr~bdivise t h e m hy d r a w i n g lots; and should
eilher get i n the division more thnn his proportionate n ~ ~ m b olarpents er
o f the whole p n r , h e s l ~ n l pay l the other tllerefor at 111ea v e r q e rnte
uf the mles mode o f [ h e l n l ~ don the t w o sides of the river, w i t l l i l ~
t w e l r e rnontbs alter such 'isales shnll be made b y D. \Y. Coxe; sliould
H. T u m e r col~clude not l a sell his shnrc, t h n l is, the overplus of laud
o b ~ n i n e dby cillier p a f l y o n e i l l ~ e rside o f the river h n l l be paid for ot
h a nvernge rnte o f sales a n ~ t a ~ me c side thereof; Bhoilld eilher party
ba unable to nttend the diviaion in p b n , h e shall appoint m auorney
t o nct lor h i m , eo as not l o produce delay.
Natchcz, April 17th, 1814.
T h i s agreement signed in duplicate by us.
DASIEL W . COX€,
HEXRY TURNER.
Act of portilim between D. 7V. COIF and &. T . ,dded Mmch
27!h, 1b2O.
K n o w all men by these presenb, that whereas Daoiel W. Coxe,esqr.,
of tbe city of Philadelphia, in the State or Pennsylvania, s o d Henry
T u r n e r , of the c i ~ yof S a t c h e z , in the State of Xis4i%ippi,.the first
one, to w i ~ Daniel
, W. C o x e , is propriaor of three undivided qu*r
p ~ r t sof ihe grant lrlnde on the 201h of J u n e , in the gear of our Lord
li97, by t l ~ eKiog of S p i n , through the office of the Spanis11 govem-
nient, a n d confirmed by him to the Marquis of Maison Rouge, and h e
other p r t y , to u-it; Henr) T u r n e r , is proprietor of ooe undivided qw-
ter part of the mid grant, did joinily toter, in[o a wmteo ogreelnent at
N a t c l ~ e z ,on the seventeenth of April last, 1519, to divide a n d m&
partition of the mid grant of land,as by refcreoce ta the aforesaid agree-
ment recorded with the present io the office of the parish judge of the
parish of Ouachita, wherein the greatest part of said , p n t ia situated,
Kill more fully appr. And where=, fudher, John Dinsmore, q ' r ,
deputy surveyor of the U. S.,havingwtnpleted the survey of t h e main
boa'y of two hundred thouslnd arpcns lying below the town o f Moo-
roe: in the parish aforesaid, in trac(s of one mile in bresdtb, marked
and numbered the ,=me in tbe following r n a n n e r , ! ~ nit: Firxt, or u p
per iracr, mnrked IU M R, and the rcmaioder of said 1019, nnmbereJ
one to thirty-thrce ioclusive, some of them running entirely a c r m the
whole grant on both aides or thc Ouachitn rirer, end others being only
on o n e eide hereo of. Therefore, i t h- been agreed between he said
Daniel W. Coxe and H e n r y Turner,by his attorney i o fact, n e o r y
Bry, of the parish aforesaid, apcciallp authorized for that p u v :
r ' T b e dmwing of the several lots ol lnnd by the mid p r t i u hn&g
been first completed in conformity to the arorc~llidwritten agreemeot:")
T h n t the following lots, ns marked in John Dinsmore's plat of survey,
shallbelodg to and be tlre eole property of him, the said Daniel W.
Coxe, to wit: One marked a1 M R , at the upper end of the grant; and
nlso he lots numbered one, [ n o , three, s e r e n , eight, eleven, twelve,
Ihirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, eighteenth, nineteen, twenty-one,
twenty-two, twenty.three, twenly-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, and
aixteen and one-\bird arpents front, with t h e entire d e p h or length of
number ten; also numbcrx twenty-seven, twenty.eight, twenty-nine,
thiny, thirty-two, and thirty-three, mme of slid Iota bu'ng aituated on
'
one side o:Jy of the Ouaclrila river, and othem r u m i n g entirely aura
the p o t on barh sides of said r i s e r , d ~ snme
e as appears by reference
to tha a f o m i d survey aud plat made by J o h n Dinamore, to be recorded
in &is pnrialr afmresnid. A n d that numbem four, five, sir, nine, seven-
I-, twenty, and eleven and twwthirds arpenta front, by h e entire
length or depth o f number ten, and aka number t h i n y d n e , shall be-
long lo nnd be the sole propeny of the mid Henry T u r n e r ; and rhe
mid pnnien hereby declare and a c h o w l e d g e that they respectirely quit
claim lo, renotince, and confirm each ro the other, their heirs and an-
a p e , forever, all claim, right, tide, or demand, in or unro the s e v e d
IOU and parcda of land marked or numbered aa is herein specified aod
declared to belong LO, 8n bnving been d n w n by earb p n y respectively;
and they rnoreorer bereby bind themselves, their beirs, esecutom, or
&pa, to make, execute, or perform a n y further act or acts which
mny he necerslry in lam or equity for the more pefiecr rereffie an3 con-
veyance, each to !he orher, of the 101sor pnrcels of land s rmpectively
d r a a n as aforesaid; resewin<, homevcr, rill a final claee of h e rurvey
by Jolrn Diosmore,the setrle~nentm.rh each other f o r a n ~ s u r p l u s q u o o -
tity of lnnd which either party may have d n a n more ~ h a nhis q u d
propodon, conformably to the tenor nod condition of the aforesaid
% g e n t of the 17th April lest pan.
In w i t n m whereof both partie4 have hereto set Aeir names the 27d1
day af March, 1920, in presence of Daniel Wade and Joseph Faxfun.
. - ,
(3iened) DAh'IEL W. COSE,
H. BRY,
Witnesses prmnr-
DASIEL~ V - A D E ,
JOSF.PH PIITOS.
Before me, Oliver J. blorgao, par& judge in nod for the parish of
Onachita, in the S u e of Louisiaoa, p e r s a n d y appeared Daniel W.
C o r e , acting for himself, a n d B m r y Bry, acting as atorney in fact of
Henry Turner, who declare and acknowledge the m'lhia act of p d -
tion to be h e i r act and deed in preseoce of me, the mid p L S h judge,
and in presence of witnessa thereto ~ubecribeJ.
In tatimony vhereaf 1 have hereunto signed my name a d atlixed
my s d ofoffice(his 3d day of A p ~ i l 1,520.
,
(signed) O L I E R J. NORCAY,
p b n~ u d . ~ .
I, O l i ~ c 1.
r Morgan, p r i z h j u d ~ ein a n d for the pariah of Ouachita,
in the State of Louisiaua, d o certify the foregoing act of partitiom to be
recanled in my office iu Liber E , folio .
Given under my hand a n d seal of of6ce rhi4 3d day of April,
[L.U.] IW).
Unfed Wes n. l l m u r ' s l&.

STATE
O F MIBSISBTPPI,
B u d y of A d a m .
I, Henry Wm. Rustington, notary public i n and for the Monty s h e -
mid, dwelling in t l ~ ecity of Natchez, duly comminioncd and mom,
do certify, l h ~ It have eramined and compared theabovc and foregoing
with tho ori@nal, nnd 6nd the mme to be a m e w p y .
X U lmirnony of which I hkre herrunto = t m y hand nnd nffired m y
[L. 8.1
~ e hofl office a! Natchez a f o r m i d ,this founeenth day of April,
on the year one thousand ciel~th u n d r d and twenty.
(Signed) HESRY TVM. H U S T I S G T O N ,
Ndary PuUie.
Sole frwn Cara t o h,
d a f d ApiL LQh, 16%.
Daniel .W. C o r e eel13 ;o Henry T u r n e r , here present and acccptine,
the contents of 101s nurnberj tcfi and c l e r e n , which belong to him in
the Naison Rouge g n u [ , and lying on the w c s e r n or right bank of the
Washiln river in dgccnding:agreeably tu thesurrey made by John D i n e
more, q., which is lo be put upon record by Oliver 0. Norgno, esq.,
tbe parish judge, for tbe primand sum of one d o l l a r , ~ h emeip w l ~ a t -
u d s i d Danicl Pi. Cole hereby
of in hereby a c k n o ~ l c d ~ e d ; ~ athc
engages to cause said n u l n h ten nnd e l c v c ~or ~ , s ~ c hpart thereof a,
b e l o n g to him, on he w e s or right ahore aforesaid, to be conve td to
said Henry Turner by hic, !he said Cole's, authorized attome h e n r y
Bry, csq., or that it s h ~ l lbe done by himself; it being clcnr$ undcr-
stood tllat the parts of raid numben which nre situate on the caalcm
shore of he Wxshita are not includcd in =id sale; and, rnorcoscr, chat
said scle ahall bc sepante and unwnnecrcd irilh h e i f panition of the
gmot, and shall not be blended with tilet panicular transaction; a rpe-
cia1 warranty to be giveu by D. by. C o r e lo II.T u r n e r a g a i n s ~him&
and hia heir3 lor said land.
Baton Rouge, April 1%h, 1920. Signed in duplicale i n presence of
Edward Doney, Gilbert Morrin, and Alexander A . White, ae mitnee~ea.
(Signed) DANIEL W. C O Z .
Accepled. (Signed) H. TURNER.
(Signed) EDW'D DORSEY,
(Signed) CILREKT Mowe,
(Sigoed) ALFA. A . WHITE.
It is hereby further declared by D. W. C o r e , that the foregoing d a
conveys lo Henry Turner ~ l [he l land a a n e d by him and conhincd in
l o b numbered ten and elereo, situate on [he west or right h n k of h a
river Wnahita only in dewendin:, nnd neither more nor l c a , as by m
fereoce LO the deed of pnition or tbc Yairon Rouge grant, mndc 00
the day of March lea past, recorded in the parish of Warhitn, will
more lully appear,the word~'on1g" being fim interlined in thc topline
of hie p g e .
(Signed) D A N I E L JV. C O Z .
338
C'
I
U d c d & Y a ~ e s TS. Tuner's heirs.

STATE ok LOULBLANA
Cily oj A n n Orleans.
B e it known that ibis day, before m e , Snvinien Blanc, notary public
in and lor the said city duly conimissioned, came Daniel W. Coxe and
Henry T u r n e r , esquires, parties to the foregoing instrument, wlio
severally declared and acknowledged the same to be their free act
and deed, for (Ire purposes therein a a t e d ; that the same was by them
eigned and executed i l l presence o r the witnesses herein named, and
that ihe above explanatory 11ote has beeu this day added by him, mid
D. W. Coxe.
In faith whereof lhe said nppearen hereunto sign their nnrlle, and I ,
the said notary, grant these presents under my signature and seal of of-
6ce, at Re\v Orleans aforesaid, tliis lwenty-fourtlt day of April, IS20
-
havinn first recorded [ h e same ill rnvcurrenc rckisrer b v nc:~ o i 111;sdnte
(Signed) D ~ & I E\ ~' ,IC.OXE,
(Signed) H. TtiRh'ER,
[L. 8.1 (Signed) SAVN. B L A N C ,
N o l a y Public.
I, Oliver 1. Morgnn, parish judge in and for ihc parish of Ottnchita,
in the Slate of Louisiana, d o certify the foregoing deed from D . i V .
C o r e to Henry T u r n e r to be recorded i n m y office.
I n tetimony whereof I have i ~ e r e u r ~ tsigned
o nly name and amfixed
my sea1 of office this T i day December, 1al.
LL. "1 (Signed) O L I V E R J. b1ORGAK.
Parish Judge.
Sole from T u r n e r fo Cozr, doled April 191h, 1620.
Henry T u r n e r sells to Daniel \V. C o x e , here present and accepting,
the content3 of numbers seventeen: twenty, and thir~y.one in the hlai-
eon Rouge grant of land i l l the river \\:asl~itn,q r e e a b l y io the survey
thereof made by John Dinsrnore,esq., to be recorded by Oliyer J . N o r -
gan, eq., parish judge.of the parish of \\'ashila; thessid numbera aev-
enteen and twenty extending n c r o s both sides or (he said river lo tlte
eastern and western bank lines, and the €aid number thirty.one being
on the western side only illereof: all in consideration o i the price or sum
of one dollar, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged-a more
regula! convejance i r i fee sitnple to be made by $1. T u r n e r to D . \V.
C o r e wbenerer required, with a specinl warranty only ngainst hinlself
nod his beirs; and i t is ruoreorer agreed, tllat said sale shall be separate
and altqether unconnected wiih i h e partition of said grant, and shall
nor be blended with that particular trnnsaction. Signed in d~rplicalear
Baton Rouge, April 19th. l S 2 0 , i n presence of E d ~ v a r dD o r ~ e y Gilbert
,
Morris, nnd Aler'r A . White, us witneses.
(Signed) H E E R Y TURNER,
Accepted. (Signed) D A K I E L H. C O X E .
Teat:
(Signed) EDW'D Dons~u,
(Signed) GILBERTMOKRIS,
(Signed) ALEX'RA W ~ I . P E
U d e d S2aru vs. % m J s h&s,

STATEO P LOUISI.~NA,
Cdy o/ New Orka,u.
B e i t known, tbnt this doy; before me, Savinien Blanc, n o h r y p u b
lic in and for the a i d city, duly commisi.ioed, came the above named
Henry Turner nod Daniel W. Coxe, esquires, who acknowledged the
foregoing.instrurnent to be their free act and deed for the pu@ez
therein etaled, a n d (bat the same waa by them nignei and executed in
the presence of he witnesses therein named.
I n faith whereof the mid appearem berelo sign their names, a n d I
grant these presents, at New Orleans, this 24th April, 1820,
~ S K A L .under
~ mv* airnature and seal of 06ce:havinn firsr recorded
0
the eame in m y current register by act of this date.
(Signed) D A W I E L '8. C O X E ,
(8igned) H: TURNER,
(Signed) SAV'N B L A N C , Not. Pub.
STATEO F LODISILVA,
P a r a of Omchifa.
I, Oliver 1. Morgan, perish j u Q e in and for the p a r d a n d 9hk
aforeaid, do hereby cenify !he foregoing deed, &c.. to be recorded ill
my office in fiber F.
In teaimony whereof I have hereunto signed m y name and atfired
my zeal of office, this 2% day of December, 1621.
[SEAL.] (signed) O L I V E R J. MORGAN,
Parish l u d g e .
Close o j evidence.
And afterwards, to wil, on the 19th of June, A . D. 1849, h e w u i r
delivered the following judgmenc and decree:
J*ntf.
Hem OP Tufsr~
vs. No. 32.
TEEUNITEDSTATES.
Monday, J u n e 19th, 1848. May term.
Preeent: R o n . Theo. H. McCaleb.
T h i s cause came on to be b a r d upon petition, m e r , replication,
depositions, exhibiu, m d p r w f , and b e tame we+ argued by wuneel
and submitted to the court; and the court having maturely considered
the m e , and being wua6ed from the evidence that, on the 'BXh June,
1797, the Baron de Carondelet, [beo the Span& governor of the pm
vince of Louisiana, havingfull power and authority M, (o do, did make
u, the Marquis de Maison Rouge a rant of thirty square leagues of land
u n the Ouachita river, i n the m i %provrnce. of Louiaiana,and bound-
$and described ss eet foah in the map or figuradve plan, prepared
and erecured on the fourteenth day of Juoe,1797, by Carlda T r u d e n u ,
[RKc. C X C I , D.T.184B.l-11 ,
a
,
U d e d Sfales vs. nn-ner's k 3 .
the surveyor geoenl o f said province, and annexed to plnintitTsl petition

aa exhibit s'C," to a i r , plat No. I , on the right bank of the river Oua-
chile, commencing or srsrtinq five arpens below !he mouth of the
bayou Cbenicre a u T o n d r e , till it reach- the bayou C a l ~ ~ m e t , w i the
tb
deprh necessary to complete or produceone huudred and lorry thousaud
superficial arpeos. T h e second plat, marked No. 2, on the Left bank of
the same river O u a c b i r ~ to , start or begin two leagues below the F o n
Miro, at the pcinr called l'Aine, till it reaches the prairie de Lee, wich
L ~ Rnecesary depth to coinplete or produce sixty thousand arpens
superficial. T h e third plat, marked KO. 3, to s b r t in front ef the bayou
de la Loutre,and from thence o n a l i o e running south eixty-Eve degrees
east to the bayou Siar,nbicb line the bayou Siar and barou Barthelemy
and the Ouacbira bound said plat f i o . 3; and tbe plat 8 0 . 4 , on b e
right baoli of he Ouachita, to start i r ~front of the entrance of 6ayou
Bnrthelemy, running down the ricer till u reaches tbe bayou la Loutre;
which plats, Nos. 3 and 4 , wit11 the corr.espndiog or necssary depth,
are to complere eigbt tbousaod three hundred and forty-lour superficial
arpens, and added to the placrj 30s. 1 and 2, form together the super-
ficial rot31 of two hundred and eight tbousaod three hundred and forty-
four superficial arpeos: equal to the foregoing thirty leagues, at the rate
of twoLboosand five hundred toises o r fathoms per side for each l e q u e .
And bein5 funher satided thilr said p e t i ~ i o n ea ~r e the legal and true
owners, by tide regularly derived from the said Msrquis de h1ai-n
Rooge, of such ponioos of 3aid grant as ore claimed by then] in their
said pelirioo; and k i n g ratizfied that said grant was 2nd is a g w d and
valid graot from the Spanish government to the said Narquis Oe Naison
Rouge, and that the same is protected by the treaty n u d e b e t ~ e e nthe
.United Suta and [be French republic on tbe thirteenth day of April,
1803, as well u by the laws of nations and the Constitution and laws
of the United Sutes.
F
Now t h k court, acting under and by virtue e act of C o o g e s of
26th N a y , 1524, enlitled < < A nact enablinz th clairnmlp to lands with-
in the limits or the S t a e of ErIisouri and T e tory of A r l ; o o ~ sto in-
stitute proceeding to try the validity of their cl~imo," aud dso an act,
w e d on the 17th day of J u n e , 1514, entilled ':An act to provide for
the adjustment of land claims within tbe States of Niswuri, A r k a n m ,
and Louisiana, and in those p r t s of [be States of Nlssissippi and d a -
h a m a eourh of he 31.1 degree of north latitude, a a d between the Nis-
s k i p p i and Perdido rivers," doth order, adjudge, a n d decree, nnd it is
hereby ordered, adjudged,nnd decreed, tbat the petifionen, Sarnh T u r -
ner, E l i z a Turner,Henry T u r n e r , and George Mr.Turner, ore the true
and l a n f u l o r n m of, and h a w good title against [ h e United States,he
defendanb,in and tu all the lands and herediulmeurs claimed by [hem
in h e i r =id petition; which lands x e described a~ follows, on n map or
survey executed on the 27th N a r c l ~ ,1520, by one John Dinsmore, by
order of the aulreyor general o l the.United Stntes ~ o t ~ tof l r the T e n -
n-e river, which map is marked exhibit "A," to wit, lots nunlben
four, five, pixi and nine, lying on both sides or mid river O \ ~ o c h i ~ a , n n d
Unit& btatw va. l l a m a ' s h s . lg$

witbin tmcu Nos. one and two o t Baid grant and survey; dm lola Nos.
ten and eleven om the \vest sideof mid rivkr, and eix hundred and thir-
ty-two a c r s of that pan of aaid lot ten which lies on east side of said
river, all within =id tracts one and twa; also oneondivided fourth part
of tracb three and four ofsaidgranr.
It is further ordered, adjudged, and decreed. that in case mid lunds
so claimed by mid plaintiRs in their said etition, or any part or par-
L.
lions thereof, shall lmve been wld by tbc n ~ t e dSates, or othervise
dispoxd of, mid plaintiffs shall be, and are hereby, authon'zed to enter,
* i n nny land o0ice in (lie Slate of Louisiana, iu par,cels conformable to
aectionnl divisions and subdivisions, a like quantity of public lands,
nfror t5e mme shall have been oKered at pubhc sale.
Judgrnen~rendered and signed J u n e 19th, 1846.
(Signed) T H E O . H. N c C A L E B , [SEAL.]
C. S. Judge.
And afterwords, to wit, on the 2% of June, A. D. 1545, the follow-
ing motion for, and order of, appeal mere entered and filed of record:
Order of appeal.
TURNER'S
HEIRS
78.
TEEUNITEDSTATES.
I n che diwrict court.of the United States, for the district of b u i ~ i a n a .
Present, t h e honorable Theodore H. McCaleb, juJge.
May term, 1S43.-Thursday, '2% J u o e , 1619.
On motion of T i ~ u u l uj. Durant, attorney of the United Stata 101
he dislrict of Louisiana, it is ordered by the court t h ~ an
t appeal in
this case be alloxed to the Supreme Court of the United Sat-, at
Washingon, returonble to the next succeeding term thereof.
OMcc of the clerk or the United Srntes dislrict court for the d&ct of
Louisiana.
I, Needlei R. J e n n i n p , clerk of the above entitled court, do hereby
certify, that the forqoiog one hundred and sixty-seven ~ e s togelher ,
wiLh the two plats of survey, one (exhibit A) insencd betveeo p a g ~
100 and 101, and ihc other betreen pages 1 0 8 and 109, form e tiue,
fnitbful, end correct tranxript olall (be proceedings, proces, plendings,
documenrs, and otlrer matten on file and of rcmrd in a certain case i n
chancery, wherein the Hein of Henry T u r n e r are plaintiffs, and the
United S m t a of Anierisa are defendanls, KO. 32 of the dmket of land
causes of [be said court.
In teairnony whereof I hare llereunto set niy hand and mused to bbt
affixed the seal of the mid court, at the city of New Odeam,.
this fitleenth day of November, A . D. 1549, and of Lhe inde:
[BKAL.]
pendence of tbe United State0 of America rhe seventy-bird
Year.
i-, N . R. J E N N I N G S , &k.
U d e d Stafu vs. %W'J heir*.

I, Theodore H. McCaleb, judge of the United Slates dialrict court
for the district of Louisiand, do hereby certify, that Needler R. Jen-
ningg, who s u k r i b e d the above certificate, is the clerk of the said
court, and b a t full faith and credit are due ond ought to be given lo
hia atteslntions as such, nod that the above is in due form of law.
Given uoder my bnnd and seal, this 15th day of Nov., A. D . 1846.
THEO. H. McCALEB, [SEAL.]
U.S. Judge.
Cilation of Appeal.
T h a United States of America, lo the Heirs of Henry Turner, greeting:
You are hereby cited nod admonished to be nod appear at a Su-
preme Court of [he United SLates, to be holden at the city of Washing-
ton on the first Monday of December next, purxuant to no order of a p
peal Ned in the clerk'a office of the district court of the United S ~ a t c a
a *
for the district of Louisiana, wherein the United S ~ t m of America are
and you are o ellees to show cause, if any there he, whp
the judgment rendered agalnst t e ,-mi and in your favor,
should no1 be corrected, and wby speedy justice should not be done lo
the parcia in that behalf.
Witness the honorable Roger B. Taney, chief jt~sficeof the Supreme
Court of the United States, at New Orleans, this twelnh day of S e p
[ember, iu Lhe yenr of our Lord one tboueaod eight bundred and forty-
eight.
T H E O . H. N c C A L E B ,
U.8. Judge.
Returned into court Oct. 2 0 , l W I .
R O B J T Af. LUSEEB, D'y Clerk.
M o r s h d ' s return.
Received September 1 3 h , 19.18, and on tbe %th inst. served a copy
of tbo w i b i n citation of appeal on Prentiss & F ~ ~ ~ nqer ay . ,, by band.
ing tbe m e to Prentiss, eq., i n the city of New Orleans. Rel'd OC-
tober 20th, 1E49.
J. P R A D O S , J R . ,
D'y u.s. Mmshol.
Filed 4 December, 1848.
Purchased by our ancestors, but it was already our land when

Spain came. Spain gave it back to us with treaty protection in
the said cession to France, and his protection was written in
this said LOUISIANA PURCHASE for the Ancient Ones.
All Spanish Land Grants are good and are redeemable until the
1679 Constitution made it possible to steal in 1880.
LOUISIANA CONSTITUTION OF 1829
"That Old Code Wrapped In The Grandfather's Clause

To Steal Our Black Land!"
If we could ever get it i n our minds that my old Ancient Ancestors

were well versed in their own language. Spanish, Mayan, some French
as well as a variety of dialects of tribal tongues, we would be in the
knowledge why they had to teach us English, a tongue to steal! They
had to write a Constitution to make their theft legal. This democratic
action assured white supremacy. The number of blacks in the area
after all the poisoning of the springs, were still too great to be reason
with ... the negro votes out numbered the whites and held to the facts.
1. That they were i n the Neutral Strip and not in the United States
and not in Louisiana by their constitutional document, dated November
22, 1811.
2. They, the Ancient Blacks owned the land by birth and by

Spanish Land Grants which the United States had to recognize by
Treaty.
If any true democracy principals were permitted t o prevail,

communities, parishes and towns would have been put together under
black rule regardless to how white the state officials might have been.
To eliminate this, the Governor who was the United States appointee,
in return appointed a complete statewide band of officials from school
boards to the police jury on to the top. This new born constitution was
designed to elect a democratic for a Governor. Whereas, he could
appoint all other over the state in office as democrats. The word
democrat means "demon" plus "box or crat" What Louisiana meant
here was that "blacks," we demons have ypu locked up in a crate or
boxed in.
This kept blacks from office. This saturanalia is the end to justify
the means of such a constitution. Thus the proverb... "to bulldoze"
was added to their political lexicon. It meant to control blacks and
keep them out of government while they stole land with the backing of
the United States Army.
O A T I I E R l X O T H E DEAD A N D R'OUNDET)
Alter the a ) - e o l l ~ d "Collal Rlol3." Illit.
(From a current print.)
Blac!ts praying under brush arbors.

RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONE. ..
"THE ABOVE AS WELL AS THE PARAGRAPH BELOW

IS WHAT I WAS FORCED TO STUDY IN THE
LOUISIANA SCHOOL SYSTEM'S HISTORY."
'l'liu iiricc to pay in tebiils of justice and party Ilonor was a

tcrri1)le one. b ~ r tit had to be paid, as i t was niorc vital to Louisiana that
its citizc~lsregait1 ~ u ~ ~ t or fu tl l i ~State and that seli-govcrtimcnt be re-
rrt:~blirhcd than l l l n t a Dernocrat shauld be ])rcsidc\it, however rigl\tlully
elcctcd that \vortliy might be.
So with this hands-off, 1aissr.z-inin policy determined upon by the
leaders at M'asliington, the followers of Packard slo\vly fell away. Finallv
a sofiicient ninnber of the Packard legislators went over to tlic SicIioilr
1.cgislat11re to enable the latter to slio\v what neither had h3d so far-a
~ l u t ~ r i ~ i i\\'it11
i. this quorill11 the Dc~llocraticgovernment b c p n fitnc;i0n-
i ~ i gf111ly and legally in fact and law. The Packard government retired
Iron: tlic scenc. Packard hied hiniself to other parts to munch the bone
that \\.as cast to him from Hayes' political table-United States consul-
gtneral to Livcrpool. Kellogg, however, had still a parasitical hold upon
' Louisiana, a s he had wormed himself into a United States senatorship
hefore tlle Dc~nocratsolitaiiicd the ascendancy in the state. His senator-
ship, ho\\,ever, was but another name for exile. H e never again took
up his residence in the statc, the role of whose evil genius h e had so
persistently played.
Kellogg was a Christian who was kind to blacks. He studied the

history of white supremacy and how it hurt the Ancient People.
Therefore you can visualize how the whites hated him for his fair
practices i n the Louisiana Government. Governor Kellogg is the sole
person charged by the Louisiana whites as the person that instigated
the Colfax Riot that left a score of dead white immigrants, what was to
be his-story and the true mystery of what actually happened. Kellogg
was not an evil person. His political differences were with the evil
practices of the new white south that was using evil to confiscate the
land that belonged to the Ancient Ones, who happened to be black.
This is a very rare case where a white man has been writing down
history (his-story) without dirty twisted lies. It is a case where tru!h
shall surely one day rise.
You were along i n your stand Governor Kellogg. Our hats are off
to you out there o n the astro.
Please allow me to tell you exactly what happened. It was back in

1873, the spring that it t'was. The United States tried to control all the
wrong the moving i n on our land had caused. William Pitt Kellogg was
mustered into olfice i n Louisiana with the United States Army. Pa or
Pappy Joe Turner, about ten years old at the time, had his first ride o n
a steam boat as a roustabout for gambler, Rutherford 8. Hayes from
Ohio. He made big tips serving as a forerunner in the wooded era.
Papa knew so well as a boy hunting with his dad.
His early experience with Stephen B. ~ a c k a r dthe

, elected Governor
and a Black Caesar C. (C.C.) Antoine, the Lieutenant Governor. The
opposing votes were for Democrat, German (Ayan) Francis T. Nichols
and Louis A. Wiltz. He was to volunteer himself for the confederacy.
Joined by Nicholls, who gave his legal experience to the confederacy.
Nicholls, lost his foot at the battle of Chancellorsville. Wiltz enlisted i n
the Confederate Army before he was eighteen. These were staunch
rebels and haters of black people.
Judge Ruthland organized the White Camellias i n what they

thought were the state to take black's as slaves and the black land to
boot. He came down from the Judges office t o be a Ku Klux Klan
organizer. The White Camellias were really Ku Klux Klansman. This i s
the organization that started the Colfax Riot again blacks who
retaliated. To make it look as if Kellogg started it, white leaflets were
made.
Superintendent Harris having Sewed four year terms for four

consecutive times and knew everything there was to know about the
school system, yet he writes that. "There were no schools i n Pine HlllS
whatsoever. All i s darkness, indeed i n the region."
The school treasuries were stolen by Superintendent Harris. His

honorable sir stole and carried it with him. If most of the whites could
not read it was he that was responsible after 16 years in office.
,/--,,
~2
F
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONE...
He plotted with the democrats to steal from blacks. This was done
while they plotted the riot, and got many white people killed as well as
blacks, because of Harris, Nicholls, Wiltz and Ruthland's hate leaflet
scheme.
L OUISI.AN.;\ calnc i n t o h e r o w n politicall! wit11 tllc 1)assinl: f r o m .

the scene o i c a r p e t l ~ ag~o v c r n m c n t a n d tlie i n s t a l l a t i o ~ oi i Francis
. T. S i c l ~ o l l sas gover11or.l W i t l i the resuniption o i h e r ~overeigrity,
p ~ l b l i cattention n o w becaii~e h s c d u p o n tlie necessity o i changing her
organic laiv. T l i e e s i s t i n g Constitutioii-that o i IS&--n-as a concoction
- o f tlic radicals tliat h a d workc(1 ill t o b o t h Siatc and l r o p l c . I t s evils
could n o t be forgotten, b u t t h e i r recurrence c o u l ~ be l g u a r d c d against.
T h e convention t o f o r m u l a t e tlie n e w orgaiiic l a w assembled in N e w
Orleans April 21, 1879. Governor N i c h o l l s cslled the d c l c p t e s to order,
- and Lieutenant-Go\.crttot- L o u i s 4 \Viltz \\.as i l i e ) ~clcctcd to preside
over the conventio~l'sdeliberations, his o n l y opponent being P i e r r e I a n d r y
u i .\sccnsion Parish. X l r . Will H. H a r r i s o i Batoil i<oilge was made
secretary.
- T h e opening address o i I'rcsident \\'ill1 n;)s an alllc and i n s p i r i n g
.;cltiiig i o r t l i o i what tlic Statc reqilirt.(l o f tlic c o n v c ~ i ~ i o n anrl
, o i the
ncw instrunlent under w l i i c l i Louisiana \\,as to be f u n d ~ r n e n t a l l y g o v -
- erned. He urgcd strict definernent o f the t l ~ r c e~ l e l ~ a r t ~ i i co~i i tKo\.ern- s
~lient-legislative, esecuti\-e, judiciary. X l i e r c sliould bc 110 i n t r r l a p p i n c
o r blending o i functions. Alany other r c c o ~ i l ~ l i e n d a t i o nwere s made t:
h i m c o r r r c t i v c o f conditions f r o m ~ r l i i c l ithe <iatc 11:1rl so suticred. I n
- his final s u m m i n g ~ t phe u r g e d tlic c o ~ ~ \ . c ~ i ltoi oh~r i~n g illto csistrnce
,uch a g o v r r n l i l r n t f o r the Starc 2s \ \ o u l < l Ltc \vnr.liy o i a free, inirlligent,
a n d honest people i r l i o love and obey tlic l a x 2nd \vIio I-CS~ICCI autliority,
- b u t love liberty and liorior k!ulid a l l t e l l i l ~ o r a lgifts.
T h c convention coniplcted its l a l u ~ r r Ji11y 23. I S 7 9 S~IIIC o i its
corrective f e a t u r r n l a y hcre be briefly s u i i ~ t l i a r i z e d . 111 tlie first place.
i h c people a.erc l i c u c r f o r t l l n o t to ljc t a x c l l ~~:id,~l!.. : \ ~ j e s ~ t ~ i e ~oift s
- p r o p c r t y niust ncvcr IK above its \.slue. K O p a r i ~ ol ~ r ~ ~ n : > , ~ c i p ~inl i t y
government cxpense, levees, scl~ools, interczt I t l ~ e lrublic tIcl,t. ctc..
must not escecd s i x t ~ i i l l sun the dollar. SLI l ~ a r i $ lo~r ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i ni c i ~ n l i t ~
tlic state a-as to be p c r n ~ i t t c dto t a x its citizelis inorc i l l a n t c i ~inills. T l ~ e
- ~ ' c r s o ~ l ar ilg h t s o i tllc people \yere specified and ~,nunicraLrd, Tlie officers
o f the l a w niust n o t invarle one's home cscejrt b! ival.r:ll~t ~ l u sl w~o r n
t o and setting i o r t l ~esactly tlie reasun f o r t l ~ cpropr,srrl 5carclt. T h c
- r i g l i t to keep a n d bcar a r m s must n o t be abrogated, a1thou;h this d i d
n o t countenance the c a r q i n g o f r o ~ ~ c c o l c xveapons.
d T i l e n l i l i t x r y must
allvays be subordinate to t l i r c i v i l a u t l i ~ r i tcscept ~ i n case o f rva; o r
invasion. A l l these s l i o ~ vpast abuses [ o r a.11ich prevention a,pSninst f u t u r e
- recurrence \\'as soii~ht.,
-n(l 1~i7.)
-
4
...
I RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES
one-party S ~ ; L ~nnil E
-
fac.liotraIis111tool; tllc 121:~ce of jrartisanslrip. \\'lrerr
rlte dominatir~gjlarty sldit, the negro vote cattle into great dcnrand. T h e
faction that cotlld corral this vote had the advantage of thc other faction.
11211)-:I r,.ltitc I)vtnocl.;it rude into uKcc citlier on the back n f thc nc:ru
\-oter, or by hypnotizing the people illto rile con\,iction that \tnly by his
clectiun could the statc be saved from ncgro domin~ncy.
Xominations for state offices were made i l l those days not as no\\.,
by vote o i the rank and file of a political party, but by a nominating
convention consisti~rgof delegates irom each parish. Tlrc number of
<lclegates allotted a ~ a r i s hdepended not on tlre nutrrl~eruf party regis-
trants or voters in tlre parish, but upon its population. ;\ p;arisl, h a ~ i n g
1CO \rhite voters and a black popuhtion of lj,C00 had a larger rcprcsenta-
tion and, therefore, more influence in the convention than had a parisl)
with 3.030 white voters and a few hundred black. Thus tire lregro vote
was used as a club in the hands o f a few. n'itlt which to heat \vhite
majorities into suhservicncy in the naming of cairdidates to go on fhe
state ticket. When Mr. Negro could thus be used to tllc diiconKture
of a large part o f the white electorate, it were tinte to call a Inlt, other.
wise radical practices masked in the guise of democracy miglrt return to
curse tlre state, although not to so reprehensible an estent a s formerly.
owing to the rigidly protective features of the state's Constitution of 1679.
This halt was called from two directions. Despite the odium asso-
ciated with the name in the minds of Louisia~~ians, a iiew Republican Party
lor the state \\.as launched a s a protest against the policies and actions
of the faction in power and its 1.eaders. Into the new party went many
sugar planters and others of the state's leading citizens, and the deflec-
tion thus brought about was of such magnitude that the Detilocratic
organization had to fight for its l i f e in the election of 1896. There are
those who maintain to this day that John L. Pharr, sturdy and honest
old sn.amper, lumberman and planter,'was really elected govcrnor on the
1:el)uhlican ticket in that election, and that only the superior s\lre\r.dnesi
and esperience of the leaders of the organization opposed to him pre-
vented him front being declared the winner. T h e near success o f this
newly arrived contrstant gave tlre Democrats o f the state nluclr food f o r
thought. I t shaped their future course to the end that elections i n
Louisiana should be determined by the white vote and not black.
T l ~ eother call to halt came from within the party, \\-he11 a group ol
~ratriotichigh-minded citizens launched a ballot reform m o ~ r m e n t\\hose
aims and purposes were (1st) to establish a n intelligent electorate: (2nd)
to insurc the purity ~ n sanctity d of the ballot; (3rd) to secure the adop-
t i i , ~ o~ i tlre ,411stralian system o f ballotinx3 at each elrction: ( 4 t h ) to
jlunislr corrupt electior~practices; and (.~t11) to assure a ipecdy a n d i ~ i r
coitlrt and accurate returns of the vote exactly as c ~ s t .
Identihed \r.itli the inceplion of the Ballot Reform Lesguc were such
lcaders as Dr. H. Dickson Bruns. John hl. Parker, B. R. Forinair, Dr.
B. hi. Palmer, William Preston Johnston, Henry J. Hearsey, editor of
the Daily States o f New Orleans; Abc Brittin, Samuel L. Gilmore, R. L.
Tullis. P. H. Lambremont Jr., E. B. Debuisson. R. N. Sims, A. P. Pujo.
David Pierson. D. hl. Sholars, C. H. hloi~ton. Clay Elliott, . XIcC.
I 5Thr Aur:ralian Svrtrm was onc t l ~ tinru;cd sccrccy lo

c,rul<l u s t his ballot \vithout fear of personal con5cqacnce~.
llx wtcr 50 that lr
I
La\rrabo~l and o ~ l ~ e r~sv h u s e nanlcs \rill be recognized as :\ltlung the
forelnost pul,lic ~[liritcqlcitizcllj u i lllc st:ltr of that day and this.
.l'Iic ballot rcforlii n : u l - r . ~ ~ 3,) ~ c ~slrrvatl
~t that a state coni~liitrec ~ v a s
lul-~iicduutlcr t l ~ cr . l ~ a i r ~ ~ i ; ~of ~ ~JsIlI~I iI i~,.-Zllcn
C .I. Barksdale of Ruston.
Every parish was represented on thc commit~ceand the following \vcrc
constituted the co~nn~ittcemcn-at-large for tlie state: H. Dickson Bruns.
Calhoun Fllrker, \\'. B. Sl)cnccr, Jolill Clegg. Cl~arlcsClaiborne, R. H.
Lea. B. R. I:orema~l. I i e ~ l r yE. Cllalnbcrs, C. H. H i c k s , P . B. Roy, G. 0.
\\'atts, Louis Frul~lilig,0. I. \IcClcll;~~i, Allen Jumel, and Henry Smith.
Thc foregoing names a r c given to shot\* tlie force and importance of
the rnoverncllt. It x a s a moi-cnlcnt niaking f o r civic good and for the
State's probit)- and Ilonor in its electiuns and political contests. 111 .ad
vocacy of its d c t i ~ a ~ ~tlic c l i league hclrl a p g a t ~ t i crall! and mass meeting
it1 tllc < , l ~ l .-Zc;tdc.~~iyo f I l n i l c . Sr,r C)rlrat1s.4 at svhiih tlir prir,cipal
speakers \\.ere Dr. Liclljaniin 11. T'nl~ncr. Ilabbi Lcucht. Henry E. Cham-
Lcrs, r\ ho c;~riic~ l o ~ vfro111
n Alu~irocu1,on tclcgrapliic sunlnlolis to addrcss
c it^ a d i l i a l r J o l n s t ~ . Alucl~ enthusiasm \ras
arouscd. T h c clariun all iur Iio~icstyi n election methods \cent forth in
tones a.llo.c c r l ~ o c src;!cllcd ceery corller o f Lduisia~ia. Changes for the.
bctter \ % e r ei~rouglita b u ~ ~i l lt the state's political practices as a result o f
this n~ui-crl!crlt. not sucldcr~lybut gr~d~i:rli). : I I I ~ persistently until ever!
trbjectirc ai~llcdat I)y the l c a j i ~ ~n-as c attainerl and is today co11stantly ir-
cvidelice as h:lvi~ig bee11 accumplislic~l.
T h e matter of lioncst elcctiotis was greatly simplified by the adoption
of a nctr Constitution for t l ~ estate-that of 189s. hlississippi had found
a way to cliininate tile ncgro from politics u.i~houtdoing violence to the
Federal Cu~istitutiot~, a u a y origii~atingin the great brain of Senator J.
2. George o f 11121 state. A s :~doptedan11 1nodifit.d by the Louisiana con-
vention, olic o f three tontlitir,~lsliad to l,c met bcfore a citizen acquired
the right to be rey;rtcrrii and to i u t r . Hc rllust be educationally quali:
lied-kno\v hot\. to read 2nd v r i t c : or. lic must t x a property olrner to
at least the value o f $3CO: o r he innst bc one it110 had the right to vote
anterior to J a ~ i u a r y1. lS67, o r k the sou o r grandson o t such a person.
T l ~ i slast is tllc fanlous "Grandia~ltcr's Claure" that occasioned much
commcnt by pubiicists all over tlic cuuntvy. It \vas s o m d in law, hou.-
crer. R S well as ~lr:~itical,lcin !';I,.L. I t \ \ a s ltarticula~.lyaliplical>lc in
Louisialin. \vllere utllernisc a l;~rxeclass of intclligcnt but illiterate nhitc
citizens \ ~ o u l < h3t.e
l l)ccu crcludcd iroll~ thc right to vote. F o r be it
known that tlie pi~lllic sclrool idea wnz 1;1tc i l l coming to a numl~er o f
c c t i o n s of 1-ouisial~aand a higli I > C ~ C C I I Lo: fI Lr\.hite .C illiterates esistcd.
\rllo tlloi~;l~ they crntlrl not ctunl,ly x i 1 1 1 the cduc~tional q~~alificritions.
yct cuuld nlcct iiitclligc~ice trstr \\liicll ~~lacccl tl~ernupon a par with t l ~ c
educated. That thcsc 4iould liot be In~i~liliaied by having to rcgistcr
~ ~ i ~ the d e r"Crari<ll>rl~cr'sCIausc" 2nd I I I I I S acl~crtisetheir povert!. and
their illiteracy. Inany citizens of \ i e a l t l ~and education kept the illiterates
in countenance by tl~crnselves registerin: under the clause referred to.
With the alloption of the Constitution of 1S9S' Iauisiana became in
fact and pr?ctice a rvllite man's statc as (nr a s its politics \vent.
4 >lay. IR9fa.
A deep suspicion of what future legislatures might 20 seemed tc

char~ctcrizc tllc deliberations of the convcn~ion. I n h i s tiicy \yere
actitsled more by the instinct which becomes ingrained from p s t e q e r i -
encc, 111311 by anticipatory premonition o f any deterioratiou of this branch
of government. F o r it is 0111)' since those days thar we have come to
recognize the evils that have crept into A m e r i u n life due to manipulation
of legislative action by factional' forces o r partisan groups or spccial
interests o r favored classes, wl~o,when unchecked, owrate the legisiati+e
machinery for selfish ends rather than for the public good. That is what
gives us taxation to the point of extortion; gover:inlental cxpendirurs
to the point of estrayagance; profiteering because o i intlue~tiallobby-
ing: exploitations of the public politically and commerciall~that ,a.fe\r
ma) benefit.
That there was reason for suspicion in those days is evident. not
only from \vhat had gone before. but what has transpi~ed in more recent
tinrcr. Every meeting of Congress, every convening of a State Legis-
laturc, is today viewed with concern, even dread, oi \\hat it ma!. do
before adjournment. How often have w e seen the people on the d c
frnsive against proposed legislative action ! \Vhy is it that delegations
of protest have to appear so often at state i n d national capitals lest some
specially inimical legislation be passed!
So in the Constitution of 1879 we find the General Assm-nbly of the
state hedged about with all kinds of inhibitions a d lirnistions. T h c
admonitions of what the Legislature must not do are more numerous
than the specifications of what it is permitted to do. I t mast not pass
ariy special or local law covering twenty-one carefull!. spcciSed subjects.
It must not increase the salary or emoluments of any state o: local o5ccr
\vliose con~pensationhas been fixed in the Constitution, and in most cases
this compensation had been cut down to a n average of one-half of rl~hrt
had previously been accorded under radical rule. It is prohibited from
contracting any debt o r liability on behalf of the state, or isrue bonds o f
any kind except in case of war or invasion.
No law must be passed except it have but one object, and that clear!y
ieprcscntcd in the title. .4nd to better conserve the rights o f property
and the libcrty of the individual, as \\.ell as.to serve more ei;ecrivel>- as a
cl~rckagainst improper legislative action, a n elaborate jud.:iar?. rystem
\,-as provided consisting of a Supreme Court of five justices; five circuit
courts of appeal, each presided over by two judges; dijt;,,ct C O U ~ Sat
Icast t\vency in number, and thirty when deemed n e c e s s a ~ ;and local
ji~stices of the peace.
I t is s;lid tliat when a sovereign s a t e cliangcs it; o r ~ . > i cla..,:. the
strident of political science may rcad k t n e e n the lines a r e c r d of zondi-
tiuns that have nladc the cha~igenecessary. Dcfining s!~arily the three
dep:~rtments01 government and prescribing tlrat the incurrbents of one
sl~allnot perform duties attached to each o f the other t ~ o indicates, a
previous prevalence of what might be termed poc+b3h-ism.= T h e limita-
tion 01 taxation indicates previous abuse of the taring power. Thc
specific setting forth in most emphatic terms of the rights of the indi-
vidual citizcn argues that these rights were ignored under the o!d dis-
L
I T H E COsSTll'ti'I'IUS 01' IS79
pensation. :\s a niattcr o f iact. tlic C-<oi;titutiutr o i IS79 \vas eminently

I
correctional as \veil a s orzanic.
T h ? cunii~igillto potvcr o i a d e ~ i ~ o c r a t istate c adailinistration did nor
of itself assure white sup!-enlac!.. Radical rule had left a s a legacy a
horde o i ignorant black votcrs. \\liolly i~nfittedfor the duties and obliga-
tions , o f intelligent citizcnship. Tlie c l o i ~ do f a possible return to black
domiiiatiotl rvas to hang tlireafeninglg o v r r the people for a number o f
years to collie. T h e negro vote in niaiiy of the parishes outnumbered
the ithile, i l l sonlc cases ten to orie. I f therefore local self-government
in true accord \vith the fundanienral pri~icipleso f dcmocracy \\.ere per-
mitted to prevail. conimunities a n d parishes \vould be put under black
rule, lion.ever white the state officials might be.
T w o forces ivcre brouglit into play to meet this contingency. T h e
first of rlie,c \\.as tllc constitutional provision wliicli lodgcd in the hands
o i tlic chiei executive o f the state cstrnordiiiary appointive po\\.ers. T h e
governor named all local and state officials irhose election by popular
sutirace w:ls not specifically cnjoi~ictlby the Constitiltion. H e appointed
the members 01 tlic police jury o i every parish, a select body o f repre-
sentative citirrns upon \vllot~i drvolvcd t l ~ cenactin: o f Ia\vs and ordi-
nances a f i c ~ t i i iparijli
~ aKairs. xi n r l l a s tlie dctcrnlining of just what
the rate of local taxatio~i\vould bc to iiiect parish needs.
Tlic governor also appointed a11 scliool boards in the rural sections
o f thc state, niany o f tlie judiciary, 311 esecoti1.e boards, all boards o i
trustccs of tlie inany slate institiitions, and the registrar in each parish
whose -I~~ricfinn i t was to pass upon tlic eligibilit!. o f all \vho sought to
be cnrcllled as voters. I n orlicr \\orcls, t r r n ~ r n d o u s effort \\,auld be
esl>c~icledi f lirccssary to clcct a rJcinncratic goveriior, and the governor
once clrctc<l,thc local oflicei n c r c ccr::lin to be filled by Democrats. I n
tinie tlic wisdo:ii o i continuii~g1l1is ajr1,oitltir-e s).stc~,i\\.as to cause much
bitter cnntroyersy, n.licn ullon a nunii~er of orcar-ions it %\-ascharged
th:it tile appli~.~tioii of the :ysrcoi \\.as dircctcd not so rnl~chto the statc's
tvelfare 3s to. iactiotial a d partisan advasitagc, arid tlic building up o f
political rinzs and niarhincs.
T h e second of tliesc forces cou~itcracti\,eo f the lllnck menace \\.as the
persistent anrl effective discouragrnie~it o f the l>lnck voter from taking
any part in tile election, or, i f permitted to vote. i r o n expressing his
olvn preferences at the polls. Tile South l n r l not \ c t solrcd the problem
o f disiranclrisiirg thc illircratc. i~iior;\nr nczro b!. organic law non-
violative o i t l ~ eFoui-tecr~rll alrd 1 1 t .-\iuc~l~inlrnts to the United
States Constiti~tion. L - ~ i t i l5~1rlia snlnfi<~!i ~ r r i v c dat. other means
]lad to bc c t ~ i ~ ~ l o ! ~ c d - i ~ i t i ~ t ~ ~p<cI rn.tii~o:~~~~.i oSIIIIIIC
~i. sil::e--tion that to
vote tiic wliite niali's tickct was mo5t c o ~ i d t ~ c i vtoc tlic black man's health.
call i t what you n.ill. \Vitl~ tlie saturiialia of reconstruction days still
fresh in m ~ n d .thc end was held l o justify the nlcans. Tlie ncgro either
kept aua! iron1 the lpolls nli rlectio~ldny o r dncilely vntrd the Democratic
ticket urlclcr t)lc cjcs of thosc \\llose pond npi~iionX I that particular time
\\.as of pril~iciml>orla~lcc to l ~ i t n . 1'111t.; i t \vns t l ~ a ti l t c pictitresrjuc verb
"to buldore" \\as addcd to tlic politicinn's lcxicon.
I I n onc scnsc. ho\\cver

1
k
riot' Jctdgc Kutlnctd ;~lt;t,r~l<ac\c~l tllc I:cl>ublican party a ~ ~I I EdC ~ I I I C a

D,emocrat.
The white elected otlici~lswere the first tu take possession of the
parish offices, but had hardly installed themselves when they were driven
out by a great mob of armed negroes. For k it rmunbered that in
this parish, the black population o~~tnumbered the white at least four to
one. A crisis being tli~rsprecipitated, a mass meeting o f the whites was
called to assemble at Coifax, tlie 1rnl.isl1 seat,' to consider the prdpriety
of cndcavoring to regain possession of the parish government; and, if
such endeavor were decidcd upon, the best measures to pursue. When
the morning appointed arrived, over two hundred negroes heavily armed
were first on the scene, flourishing thrir weapons and threatening vio-
lence if the whites attempted to hold their meeting. ,
: Disposed to try every peaceful means before precipitating what might
k a bloody conflict, the whites decided to forego their meeting for the
time being, althot~gha large number had come to town from a distance
in order to attend. Whereupon the negroes waxed more arrogant than
p e r During the next four or five days, more blacks including women
and:children crowded into the town, swarming about in droves, and
ui&P dire threats as to rvliat they were going to do to the whites when
the'apprnted time came. One of their boasts was that they were going
m *::off all the white men, take the white rvomen and through tllern
raise a ncw;race.
3nder the circumstances the few white iarnilies dwelli~~g in Colfax,
k o r n i n g terrified, locked their residences and stores arid in the dark
of 'thenight slipped out of town. In the morning, the neFoes finding
the houses deserted, broke into them and took possession, looting stores
and residences and commiltir~g unspeakable acts of \andalism. For
instance, in Judge Rntland's liou<e, they found the coffmed form of a
child awaiting burial. The cofi11 was broken open and tlie remains
thrown into the yard.
When reports of the orgy being staged in Colfax got out, men from
other parishes came to the rescue of the Grant Parish citizens. A force
of about two hundred rlius gathered. This force approached and cn-
camped within two miles of tire to\vn and sent in a demand that the
negroes disband. civc !I(, t11c offices and the parish records and return
to theii hon~cc. Iri~tcn~I o f rnnllilyi~c: wit11 t l ~ cdenland, the ncprors
hegan to lhrorv I I I J c a r t l i ~ v o r l around
~~ t l ~ rtocn 2nd sent track \\ford
that they proposcrl to Iip11: i t out. Natwitl~st~ndingtllc
~ l C. C. Xash, tile ?heriff-elect:
given, the \vl~itt.c now r n ~ ~ i t ~ ~ n n11).r l cCapt.
with consideral~l'c patirl~rc. a a r ~ r r ( lt l ~ c ncrrocs day after day of the
consequences i f they prrsistt.11 in r c f l ~ s i nto~ dislland and retirc peace-
fully.
Finally all patierlce lvar 1l1.t I<.wcr Sunda).' rlawned and tllr
negroes were notitic11 to removc their women and children from the
dangcr zone. This was dnnc T h e fortifications were manned and a
defiant challenge issued to tllc wl,ites. These last were by this timc
-
The negroes to form thcmselvcs into a sinister or~anizationknown

w .Ie Union League. The South's responsc to this was the Ku KIUX
Klan :that put the fear of God and the terror of evil-doing into the
hearts o f the criminally inclil~ed,both white and black. T h e organization
paralleling the Ku Klux \'as known in Louisiana as the Knights of the
Whitc Camellia. It had its inception in a Whitc hlan's or Caucasian
Club formed at Franklin, St. hiary I'nrisli, May 23, 1x17, l~trdcr tllc
leadership o f J u d ~ cAlcil,i;i~lcs dc 13l;rt~c. O l ~ c l o ~ ~ srind a s othcr to\!,ns
followed, and \vlicn New Orlcans s\rullg illto li~re,that city was madc the
headquarters o f tllc orgxl~iratinn. Tlrr order did no! sr.r111to allopt thc
terrifying and p o ~ i i s l ~ ~ r i e n t - i r ~ ft:~ctics
l i ~ t i r ~of
~ tlic K I I IClus. t h o u ~ h - i t
bound tlre wlrite mcn itlto x ro~iiniot~ l>rntl~crlrr>ncl a~rglp ~ v ctliell~practical
training in shoulder-to-shonl,lcr c ~ > - o p v r n t i oagainst ~~ detestable condi-
tions to such nn extent that man). an c\.il-doer was halted from his career
of crime bccausc o f fear of \\.llat the \Vliitc Knights sriqlrl do to him.
But spies o f Warmoth's wormed thcir svay into rncmhrship in the
~ r i o u chapters
s o f the organization. violating thc sccrccy of their ritual.
pcrsonncl and opcrations. Whcn the Kniglits,pined knowlcdgi of this.
they quietly disbanded t h o u ~ hin Forne localitic5 somc of the ex-Knights
bin? ing thzm ~tn!u a secret urgxlt~rat~ull o ~ rlie
i sanre order calling
tl~euircl\.cslllc 7 9 8 . s
But if the G i g i t s o f the W h i t c Camcllia disbanded, the principle
involved i n their first organization, lived to take life a g ~ i nin t11c Whitc
League. whicll made its appearance wllel~c o ~ ~ d i t i o nins the State undcr
Kcllogg became too intolerable to be longcr borne. IYhat these condi-
tions wcrc, arc perhaps best cxprcssed by the resolutions which wcrc
p s s e d by a large mass meeting called to organize the Whitc Lcaguc o f
\\'inn Parish.' Wilcy J. Wilson presided ovcr tlic rnceting; Andrew J.
Babers was named vice-president; Joscph W . Dyson actcd a s sccrctary.
Will H . Strong was chairman o f the committee on resoiutions which,,=
adopted, were as follo!vs :'
WHEREAS, the state o f affairs prevailing in Louisiana f o r the pa
six years having convinced all unprejudiced men that this State &'
been given up to plunder to a horde o f barbarous negrocs incited and
led on by the w o a t white men that cvcr imposed themselves upon.&
civilizrd country; and
W H E R E A S , t b t by their w h o l ~ l cand rapacious robbery, o u i
people have k e n reduced to wretchedness and despair and the Stak
brought to shame; and
WHEREAS, already many of o u r pmple, male and fcmale, hdye bees
atrociously murdered and outraged by them: and that there is n&. &
security for life and p r o p c r y that masses o f negroes a r c animatad
an inuplicablc and deadly hatred o f the white race ana are now o r g a p
~izingaith.hostilc attitude and design toperpetuate their wicked power ir[
\the Statc; and
WHEREAS, all things point unmistakably to the fact that e E o m
arc being made to Africanize the beautiful and magnificent S k t e p f :
'~ouisiana,to confiscate the property and compel the civilized and Chr+
tian white people to abandon the. State or live under the rule of me
inferior race; thcrcforc,
-
BE IT R E S O L V E D , that it is the soletnn duty of the white men.,,:
unite into onc firm compact organization to protect the l i v s , the ho*
and the property of our people.
RESOLVED, that we accept without hesitation the issue of
forced upon us by the insolent and barbarous African and that wc belicvc
that a perpetration o f his powcr would destroy the ?fate as it has every
other country in .which hc has h d d sway.
RESOLVED, that it was the intention of the founders of this govern-
ment, that this should be a white man's government and as f a r as our
efiorts go, if slrdl br.
RESOLVED, that we deepiy sympath'izc with the people of Natchi-
toches Parish in their efforts to relcase themseives from the appdling
taxes illegally imposed upon them and the official cprmption that h a
long gone unpunished in their midst; and we assure our friends that wr.
are not idle spectators of their noble s t n t g ~ l ~ .
RESOLVED, that we return our heartfelt thanks to the three able
and distinguished members o f the bar of Ncrv Orleans. Messrs. Robert
H , &tarr,E. jollll Ellis and W. R. Wliittakcr, tor the aishnguishcd at--
ices rendered in defense of our goon friends and fello\y-citizens, the
G~~~~ parisll I,riso,lcrs, at a sacrifice of a1111osttlieir entire business.
without pronlisc, or desire o f pccullix) conlpensation.
RESOLVEL), wc recognize Justice Bradley." a true man, an
able jurist and a n uncorruptible judge.
RESOLVED, that we r e p r d the Shreveport Tinxe~,Natchitaches
Vindirotor, Alexandria Caucusion and Nciv Orlcans Bdlclin' as able
exponents of our principles and contenden for the white people's rights;
we heartily com~ncnd them to white people's support; and we hereby
express our indignation at the recent outrage perpetrated upon a free
press by the ring of desperate politicians who sought t h e suppression o f
the Blclletin.
Red River Parish citizens i ~ e l dtheir White League meeting on t h ~
day previous to that o f l\'inti Farish's action. r\t this meeting' Cn.
Bullock presided. J. F. Stephens and 13. C. Lee acted as xcrctarics.
and Joseph Pierson, Capt. B. W . Marsdcn, Major J. W. Sanderford and
Capt. T. W. Abney, all made ringing addresses. Resolutions w e n
adopted o f thc same tenor as those of the Winn Parish meeting, with the
following significant addition :
RESOLVED, that wc wish it to be undcrstood that we have no war
to make upon any class in our State in consequence of race, color or
previous condition; but the horde of thieves, robbers and plunderers
who havc brought ruin, poverty, dyrzdation and insult upon all alike,
must and shall cease to rule over us; that all we ask i s fair and hontst
dealing from officials, let their political ~roclivitiesbe what thcy may;
and such we arc determined t o demand.
"Liberty Place" and "Liberty Monument" there is reared to those who
p v c their livcs to freedom. It is well to prcserve thcir memories for
such prrserva~ionis their only reward.
The following arc the names of thc citizcns killcd:
Wm. C. Robbins Charlu Brulard R. G. Lindsey
J. K. Gourdain Charlcs Dana , S. B. Ncwman. Jr.
A. Boronicr Major Wm. Wells M. Betts
John Graval M. Brousc E. A. Tolcdano
Albcrt M. Gauticr 2. S. Considine H. Pccl
A. hl. hIcIntrcc -Saganac
Fred Mohnnan J. hi. Wtst
Thc following citizens wcrc woundcd:
Captain Andrcss D. Soniat L. Farendc
Lielt. L. Schcidcl Andrew Clisc J. Crason
P. McBride Jamcs Davis Erncst Buisson
Fnncois Paliet J. H. Cross E. Pollock
J. R. A. Gauthreaux Jas: h[cBridc Emanuel Blcsscy
John hlern W. Matthcwson F. Fruthaler
Martin Lang J. H. Kcllcr J. P . Dalmy
Gen. F. N. Ogden R. Aby Frank Grcig
hlinor Kenncr hl. R. Briwa W. C. Tayl#,r
W . hf. Kilpatrick Tom Boyle R. hiaes
W . C. H. Robinson Chas. Kit J. Bruncau
J. C. Potts P. Bernos S. Savage
Tohn McCabe Chas. Kill R. Swnnsrm
William Ornend J. M. Henderson
John McCormick W. .J. Butlcr
Now, Pa Joe Turner having a time off his boyhood i n the riverboat
life he loved as a boy. He saw and heard it all. He had many first
hand stories that h e told his children. Aunt Bertha Daisy Turner Byrd
relayed it to me; the thick of the riot by our own grandpa, Little Joe.
Later he became St. Joe. General Grant was a friend of Nicholls. On
the sly he looked over his duties t o keep the peace i n what he knew
was not Louisiana. He winked at Hayes to need Louisiana in congress
to keep his seat. They did not want a congressional investigation that
they knew, according t o Treaties, would have to protect us, our rights,
our land and religion as well as our properties. Therefore, i n the end
as a white man will always do, they got together against black people
and the black land. Little Joe fought as he served and became one of
those slick riverboat little rascals you read about. He fed many blacks
with his take, always the honest man Abe.
When he was 18, he owned a bawdy house in New Orleans i n the
French Quarters, with every vice i n town and women galore to serve
the boat crews that came to New Orleans with him. The governors,
presidents, congressmen and all knew where Joe's was located. He
rode with Steamboat Bill in later years on the Robert Will, the old Pallor
City and Stella Black, yet he made his crops with all of the wives,
keeping the homefront. He knew he was responsible for feeding those
on the old reservation and i n the Mississippi as well as i n what was
now illegally called Louisiana. His children being black, French, Tunica
and just a dash of Choctaw, made them the most envied of all the girls
around and one lone boy alive.
It is hard to go back in his-story without somehow coming upon a

bit and piece of Cud Joe. Those he fed were his forefathers purchase.
And he was responsible as I am responsible today to set the captives
free! You are born in a situation. Call it sin to the fourth generation or
call it karma i f you must. You will pay.
mAmERElQHTEEN
"The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)!"
I read all my notes and sorted what was too discriminating to use.
I went outside to set it ablaze. The smoke p a s so thick, I knew it was
not just paper that 1 was burning. Those white people that found
Louisiana on The Washitaw and Turner Neutral Strip, ghosts went up
in smoke sending out a Black Code. I grabbed my sheets off the line
and went back inside. The sheets now fold. I put away my colored
beddings, leaving a loan white sheet. What I was thinking as I began
to cut the holes as the children played in the streets was mixed up with
the telephone conversation I had overheard the day before. I was
getting the tires on my car changed. "Yeahruh!" He scratched his
information on the pad on his desk-like shelf before he got back under
my car to check the brake shoes he'd installed. Something about the
way he looked at me when he reset the telephone receiver. I had
walked all around my car wiping dust that I did not see and read KKK
timing and place. Then I had got on my knees making sure he was not
taking off bolts, asking him mechanical questions, listening to answers
I already knew.
My robe was ready. I dug down in my trunk to get my old white ski
mask cap and my white shoes. I found my white gloves as well as a
pair of white sweat pants with a matching sweat shirt I used to wear
with my snow white pant suit when I lived i n Illinois. I stlll had a
borrowed truck i n my yard. I could not risk using my own car.
I would just borrow me the truck. It was in the yard. The children, I'll
send them home. It's gettin dark. I folded my hood and laid it on the
seat with my mask.
The breeze was playing havoc in the trees to the tune of my heavy
tire. When the sounds of night hit, it always amused me as I inhaled
God's air and not the air conditioning in the truck. Following my
mental directions, I knew that a turn was to be made to go over the
railroad tracks. A train was coming. I braked. I thought aloud. This
is the old V.S.&P Line. This is old Missouri eacific's last run. Then
there was silence. It had once been the Vicksburg-Shreveport and
Pacific East of the thirty third degree angle curve. The caboose tail car
made its iron-grinding sounds when I noticed a car coming up behind.
I was grateful for the shadow the confederate flag o n the trucks black
glass. I pulled off reaching under my robe for the skimash hood. The
destination was i n vie. The ghosts were milling around. It was the
spookiest sight I'd ever seen since Civil Rights in Mississippi during
the 60's. I parked in reverse on a knoll where I could get out, leaving
the key in the ignition. The law never crossed my mind. It was now or
never. It was too late to back down so I fitted my hood over the mask.
I was sweating as I walked to the scene.
There were so many ghosts out there that no one paid me any
never mind. I dropped the ticket into the box held by a hooded midget
or child. I was now an official spook amongst ghosts. I did not even
have a pocket knife. My holes for my eye were not fitting properly. I
made a split with my finger and teeth so I could see. The music was
loud and the crowd was getting wild, strutting like turkeys. I strutted
too. A ghost with a red mask with a point stiffened over each ear and
a fringed ball o n the head point slipped off his hood. He had o n a
union white undersuit. He picked or should I say he plucked on a
guitar. Then four more joined in. They had on the same attire, except
their heads were white.
The crowd clapped and I clapped my gloves. I was making n o

-
-
sound, but my motion was good.
EMPRESS YERDIACEE..
Then he with the red points began to sing.

"Sweet nigger, sweet nigger blood so white.
I killed my mule and hung my nigger too.
Sweet lilly I am doing it all for you."
A plucket te' plucket te' pluck. They were now picking and
plucking and jumping. His old fly was flying and a balloon inside his
fly was jumping out like crazy as he twisted, jumping and humping, he
broke down in his song again.
"I frigged a nigger to ease my pain in my
disease, oh my pain.
It was so good it's a damn shame.
Oh lady o' lady what will my o'lady say... ,
Me otar ladee he...
I hung her nigger man in the tallest tree...
Nigh black women bring that cock to me..
Rib it all in head.
I'll be tastin' it till um' dead.
My old lady's butt ain't soft is yours
Take off your ragged clothes...
I found my waterloo at last
I want to die with my pecker in your black ass...
I was not patting and clapping in motion. It was sickening. I

stepped out into the night. The whole thing could be heard from the
truck. I could not stand this shit. I had to sit down to it. What if these
shits found me out, they would all rape me. They were now making
everyone welcome over the speaker.
The first thing they had on their agenda was to take that money for
a new Richwood High School.
"Well, it will never be. Let the niggers pay. We'll be the ones to
put the school right in this very spot," he said.
"Hurray for Ouachita High."
Then the questioning started. The leader answered them. He told
them. I,
"This is the new south. We will teach the feds a lesson that they shall
not forget. We'll beat the niggers and them carpet-baggers at their
own game. I didn't know we had any carpet-baggers in the 1900's. He
said we have just the niggers out there for the job of closing the
schools. I plan to give a good commission to him in name only with a
good pay. The nigger will sell his mammy. The bi-racial committee he
helped me to pick is the same ones that fought that Hampton-Goston.
Every time we get her I declare she slips out of jail around the law like
an elf. Hang her, kill her, (and she was right within reach of these
crazy shits) throw that woman into the river.1 It outta be her brain that
we eat in sacrifice tonight," he said.
Now horrified, I thought. "What were these crazy shits talking
about. Were people eating human braips? Did they eat my husbands
brain?" I could not leave. I had to know.
He said. "I hope her brain tastes like old John's brain." A tall one
stood up. "No, we cannot do that to her. Not only would the feds be
here, but them nigger marchers. She's got a brain in her head alright.
Let her bring in the dough and we will take it. One yelled. "Kill! Kill
her!"
The dragon was coming up to the stand. They were still howling
kill her. One said. "I want her brain." Another said. "Iwant her cock.
I want to hang my tally-whacker in that nigger woman so bad til' every
time her name is called, my tally-wacker gets on a hard!"
"Is it hard now," another one yelled.
"Hell yes!" They all laughed and gathered around in a huddle
around the platform. They lifted him up on it and what happened then,
I could not see for the crowd, but the moans and grunts were coming
in clear over the speaker. They in the crowd went wild laughing. I
could not make out for sure what they were doing.
Finally, the dragon gave an order. The guitars plucked, "Ku Klux -
Klan" in harmony with their voices and then a trumpet blasted followed
by three rapps. The dragon gave his address.
"She's not sacrificed. It's good for the order to bring money to the
south. You will never frig that nigger, you would have to kill her and
,-
I want her alive. Anytime you want to hang your pecker in the grand \-
dragon's ass, brother you are welcome. It is class and distinction you
need.
Now bring a sheet, a tray for the brain and you line these converts up
to see the sacrifice. One nigger brain, two black cats boiled in blood.
Doc, did you bring the blood? You got the baby?"
I puked. The vomit was running down my mask. I had to go.
Someone said.
"Is it live Doc?" Weak moans could be heard. Is it white? I want
the nigger meat. This baby came from the children's home. They have
too many niggers working now in the hospitals. The fire was now
blazing. I was not witnessing no baby being potted i n blood with black
brains, even if it was a little white baby. It was alive.
I drove off into the night. What else went on, I will never know.
The dragon had talked about killing white women preachers to purify
the church with their blood. From that moment on I knew poor
Preacher Walker and Joyner were doomed and there was nothing that
I could do to save them. I called and told her what I had learned. She
told me that it was a rival group i n her congregation. A preacher had
admitted once to being a Klansman but was not a member now. She
thanked me. I later called CAP for a Mrs. Walker and was told that she
no longer worked for CAP. She was i n Texas and what did I want with
her.
I remembered the Dragon. He said he had all the nigger preachers

and teachers i n his back pocket. His voice was so familiar to me. I
knew who he was.
Mrs. Collins told me that I was getting i n a little too deep. I had
given her a list. My name was at the bottom of the list. I told her not
to worry, they had marked me off the list. It held the names of Slater,
J. Goston, L.B.Jackson and Bennie Reed. He had ordered instead a .
list of white women preachers. What I could not figure out was what
church was being used i n the purification process. Mrs. Collins cried.
I decided not to tell her about the sacrifice. I would probably kill her.
Iwas still sick from it, puking like a pregnant woman.
Years had passed since I gathered u p those notes to burn. Many

people were dead. Everyone o n the list except me. Louise Collins was
not on the list, yet she was dead. I was sure both young black girl's
blood had been used for sacrifice. Also that little white girl found
behind the church was later moved t o a wooded area before the
officers arrived.
I did remember it so well. It was a nice day. My group had formed

a center. There were no funds but we managed to get a summer work
program for the children. It was the boys that found her. I had sent
them to cut the weeds behind the church property.
I had told them not to go o n that property. It was contrary to church

and state law. They had ran all the way back and brought me to see,
it. She could not have been over 12 years old. Her dress stood out i n
my mind a long time. She was a pretty little girl, even dead. I
instructed my boys not to talk about it and I called the Sheriff's
Depaflment myself. We watched the white van come and pick her up.
Also there was a marshal's vehicle, which I thought was the sheriff's
car until officer Tilman Brown came and told me, there i s no girl over
there. I called him a damn lie. I had seen her myself.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
"Fort Miro Is A Johnny Come lately Imposter!"
THE PELEG
This is about the size of it, the blacks were here in 1600's. The
Ancient Ones first.
MAPS AS THE OLD WORLD KNEW

PRECOLUMBLIS
TI113 MAP MISTED LONG BEFORE

ZI\I-!!v£3US '!?.IS BORN
THIS IS THE MAP THAT WAS IN

EXISTENCE WHEN COLUMBUS
WAS A BOY
This is all France had to cede to Spain; Spain could not cede
back what it did not have as if had already been granted to
others by Spain.
374
True, but please read his actual logues.
THIS IS BASICALLY TRUE.

Killing blacks and redrnen out west, those white murderers went
from the jails of the old word to these eastern shores,
then out west murdering as they went.
THIS IS BASICALLY TRUE.
KUling blacks and redmen out west, those white murderers went
from the jails of the old word to these eastern shores,
then out west murdering as they went.
'\
-'
THE LAST TO SET SAIL OUT.

LOUISIANA WAS NOT A CONFEDERATE STATE
AND IT CAME OUT IN 1811.
WHITE PEOPLE ALWAYS CLAIM WHAT IS NOT THEIRS.

OUR LAND SHE CAN NOT HAVE! WE NO LONGER HAVE TO
BEG, FORK IT OVER AS IT IS SAID, "ROLL OVER ROVER."
A GREAT WHITE, "HIS-STORY" LIE!
W A S H I7'AL-d de DUGDAHM<~~~'NDYAH
a' Catahoula
.... , . . . . ---....... -
.. -
~>
...... .... -.. , .....

.... ,.
! ! I ! ! I 1 I I
The Black Red A n d Green Iron Egyptian Style Mother Country!
"Imperial Crypt"
The Aymareeyah had lain i n her sealed crypt

undisturbed for over 141 or more years in a vacuum surrounded by her
treasures and jewels, i n custom. Her tomb was built under her and
around her i n the form of bricks lined together and pitched with tar,
with the knowledge of only a few family members. Would the original
purpose go unnoticed forever waiting for her own replacement while
her enemies kept u p the oppression of her people, or would she be a
witness even i n death to vindicate her people and her land, the
Washitaw? It's a question that is now answered, but how?
"Blang!" The construction workers hit heavy upon something

buried. A treasure, a tomb, a sacred grave. The beautiful Aymareeyah
entombed i n her black, trimmed i n red and green. No white woman
would b e caught dead in our colors. Yes, she was black and beautiful
after being dead for a century and a half. Her black silk mourning
dress, the magnolia blossom sealed under glass with diamonds L
flashing.
"Crash!" They broke open a seal to steal not only her treasures,
but her name. They realized they had broken a law. Authorities were
called in.
RETORN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
A mortuary was called and she had to be reburied. They of historical

knowledge, give her a name. Miss Hennielle. When you steal my
purse you are stealing my trash. When you steal my name, you have
stolen my life. There was absolutely no Hennielles in this era 141 years
ago, February 4, 1955 or February 4, 1814. It was all black. It was
pure Washitaw. Even i n death, the pitch and tar was of Africa. It was
only fair to tell the truth.
The old Stubbs stole the lsham property. Con on in line with the
truth. You wrote it a clerk's records. You'knew who owned that
property. Like you knew who owned the castle. It sure was not Robert
Layton. The first bricks are the same that was made by Eb-enezear
Goston, over on Goston Corner i n Summerfield, Alabama and so were
the ones the tomb was made from. Summerfield was once the capital
of the country and later the county. It was not Selma until the white
man came. Like here, South Mansfield was the capitol of Desoto. Then
Natadochestah, until the White man came to take over. They made
another u p above and called the real Mansfield, South Mansfield. See
the federal maps.
Now, Washitaw Capitol was where North East University now

stands and the Trade Center of our religion were the Mounds, which
you called the poverty point, because you named the Flat Delta
Mounds to confuse. History has lied and stole so much, even stopping
to steal our dead.
The Tonti River i s the Arkansas River. The Ouachita River i s the
Washitaw River or The Black River. The route of the Negro (see Plano
-
map No.#923 1797). Now you have made it black on each end.
"I would not have taken all the cover off you, i f you hadn't
uncovered the dead!" Well, I have wrote it from the heart. I forgive
you for digging her up. Can you forgive me for being angry with you?
Sure you can. It is hard but fair. We must love each other to free the
land. You stole our land. Yes, you! I was counted as less than a
person then. You did it people of this white United States. After you
took everything you made, the black man by law. Give it up and place
her back in her tomb.
EMPRESS VERDIACEE..
The water must have been... Yes, that's it. The water must have
been high that year. They floated her across the bayou to her place of
rest. She is not really disturbed. She is talking. That casket is crying
out, letting all this nation know that my grandmother told us the truth.
She was really east of the bayou and west of Richland, off the V.S. &
P., about the 32nd degree, north range 4, east of the Red River Valley.
Sometimes the truth makes us angry, but if we stop and pray, there is
something good in all knowledge. I can understand why the white man
has to dig up our people to cover up the truth, trying to make him a
history with our facts. He has no bones to dig up, he thinks. Yes he
does. He came from a black bone. I am sure if the Empress could,
she would thank you for moving her to that well kept cemetery. When
you stole her money, you stole her trash. N,o one stole her name, just
stole her life.
Grandmother would even be proud that she is in a kept cemetery.

The Ayanna el Mario can rest easy. I am forgiving you, but I am still
freeing the land up for the coming of the King. I plan to welcome Him
to the Washitaw, as King over this Kingdom.
The offspring of Adam are now populating the whole earth. Those
that are to be awakened in the first resurrection will be to his pleasure
in keeping with his word. They rose and walked the streets when he
went down to lose the chains of the grave and preached to the fallen
angels, whom will be judged by the saints. Time is near, we cannot
hold the grudge we have kept within our hearts. What was the
purpose. Who knows. I am the Empress, but that is just a worldly title
to be used to Free the Mounds for a sacred purpose. It has not been
made known to me yet. I must wait like you until it is released to me.
WASHITAW ROYAL
MAP
AFRICA TO AMERICA
T H E W O R L D WAS AFRICA BEFORE IT'BROKE UP AN3 FLED AWAY

CONFIRMED GENESIS 1 0 : 2 5 .
The Egyptian Imn Casket Held A Woman - A Black One
"Her Hyness Saint Cyr L Ayemareeyah Washifaw, Empress"
The Aymareeeyah had lain peaceful i n her Iron Egyptian Casket for
over 141 years, entombed in bricks, pitched with tar and lime. Inside
her tomb around her casket was a wealth of jewels and pressure
treasures lay within the protective shield. It was like opening a
Pandora's box of the curse, by some treasure seeking white man,
February 4, 1955.
It was April 1935 when both daddy and a man named Huey P. Long
were murdered. Ten years later, my son was born on June 22, 1945.
It seems as if it was an eternity since my grandmother sat at the head
of the grey casket, before it was carried inside the Green Grove Baptist . ,
Church. I was crying. I knew that they were going to put him a hole
behind the church and he wouldn't get up again. My mother was
already i n a hole and so was my Aunt Mamie. Grandma sat there
looking proud reeling me back and forward, telling me a kind of
bedtime story, as I tugged with her white braids. I was almost eight and
will remember it always.
She started it with. "If I never see you anymore." That is what
daddy had been singing when he had rowed us across clear lake,
standing i n a perfect balance. Now I could hear his voice in grandma.
"If I never see you anymore...

Tell the truth, tell the truth.
Keep the faith, keep the faith.
Preach the word, preach the word ..."
Unearlhed Here T l ~ e p r n p e r l v w l ~ e r e l l l c casket

a s Inun~l oncc Irns p n r l 01 l h v
hlaecnln planlallon, u h l c l ~hml pre-
v l l ~ l l t l y~ C P I I o(\.~PII by l l w S l l l l h s
rcoorlecl l o lnsrc ~ c q l l l r c dllte plan-

l a l l o n h c l o r o l l ~ cClvll War, b t h
not p r l o r to thc l l n l e l l t n l !he
c a % k c l wna hurled.
Workcrs l a y l n c a Ivnlcr llnc lo
11). Y \ ' O N N f : l l E l l n O N a home b c l n ~COII-~rucled l o r M r .
Slake E d i l o r n ~ ! ~c l 1 nlll ~ D~C ~ I. Z la11 l l h~ rlck
nn O m a l r . Cast Imn c r s k c t , can- lnnnh enclasl~!a lllc r ~ r k r lu h l l c
l a l n l n g a . p r e w r v e d body b c l l e v e d I a d l . A c c o r d l n ~ (o
(0 b e r wornan b u r l e d a n Seplem. B c n l r , llnc h r l r t cnrlosure f e l l I n
ber 7.1814; wan r e m o v r d f m r n m p l c r r s wlren r l n l c k liy rnclml, re-
nIle on B a y o u D e S l t r d , o f f of L a k e \,P~II~,K IIW ~ a ~ k c lTIIP . l>rlck? In
Shore drlvr. early. Thunday..:, : lllc ~ornl,, r e r e t n a d c , t r o r n U ~ C
H a l l of a nllver p l a q u e b o r l ' l h i ~ n , rll,d.
j
I n l c r l p l l o a "St. . C l a l r WsdcM.:rnd
l l e l c d a n age 18. c l t h e r SO or SO - - -.
. . .. :, .
y e a r s . . , . T h e dale,: %plernber.n7, ..Workera .lay!ng 1 y a l e r U n e l o
1614. was cxcepllonaUy clear, A ' i ' h o r n o b e l n g c a n ~ l r u c l e dl o r M r .
CaPllal "K" wlth o t h e r a r n s l l e r letand hlrs. B l l l E e n l r . ; h l t .lbe b r i c k
l e i s f o D c x t . j wi; I;~'.zyd:!~cb:e tomb: r o c l o s l n q l h e : c a a k e } w h l l e
I b e l o r r the 51. CIalr.. b u t n o d e [ l d l s d l g g l n g .. r ' .dllch..~;:~ccordlng la
I n s c r l p l l o n w l a . vlalble. Benlr..the4 b r l c k enclosure [ell' lo
:: A w,ii informerl blslory,,,- pleces:when r t r u c k b y .rnstsl, re.
I ~I nYl h l s r r c a , Jchn H u m b l e , I.I~veaUn6 the caskcl.;ne brlckl In
Is!? l a s l n l g h l (hat the woman th~.tomb:wers.,qzdg.trom Urn8
could have been one o f t h e d r u g h - aind:',.'. .,
k r s 01 D c n l a m l n T c a n c l l c w h o . . The, c a l k e l L,~ p p r n ~ l m ~SIX l c l ~
I l v c d I n the area w h e r e the c l r k e t ice1 l o n g and a t l h c f o o l menaures
- -~-... ......___*.__-, .-,-.

(cf 5snutd Ir-. 7.i.t 7*1tl Late last nlght Mayor John E.
-. . ....-..
Coon s l i d ihe b+ would be In-
terred this r n o r r h q in a r e c o p
nlzcd cemetery .mi* the p!op.r
mirklnps. ' "
: T h e filtiurrs:d~..;tht: @d!vldull "It w l r taken cut'ol th. ground .

' ~ ~ c e ~ l l o n a l l ~ ~ h m r U . : \ W l l houllidv
ln or the c t t r limltr snd
the Cs,ksl., nrar:-tbc ' f a c e , were biought Into lhr clty wlthout the
m a m o ~ i . blosaornm a n d lcsvts. The knowledge 01 th*'clt)r o f f l c l ~ l s , "
top of r black;llk.drrsm w l i clear- M n y o r Coon pointed out. When
ly v l s l b l e r r w u ' + l r t c handler- brou?ht to t h e attention of :the
of the h a ~ d s . ' , -
chlrt roQ a dlarnond..rlng on ow
~ o r n ' ! h l u l h c ~ n ; ~ ~ ~ f . ' h ! ~ ~ e ,who

officlall. Msyor Coon r r l d : ha
contacted thr lacs1 hmrlth oHlcsr,
' i l l agreed
d to Inter thr b d y
& a t UIwcl,ke\ w p l of 1 iYP4 Ih.1
uaed prlmadlY l n ' - p c w ..Or- -*~L.-w-,.-
first thlng Frld.7 mornlnp.'!'- '
cIrly..l&X'~.~-.lt b, burled In M e m w l a l Park c e m c
bv. ~c dld not when.
Dl,trld *[tome. ,*lbln p, be
ah(cr mn,ldered
xltuatton ma+,r &s plrl,h b c a l b
the oubldc of me c l s k e t , whlcl depittrncnt. Dr. W. CanoU 6um-
closely r e ~ e m b l e a lhe b u r l l l work mtr, dlrector ot.ib* O u a c h l k P a r -
O( the Egyp1lanl. .\.',, ';?>' ,.#, Irb HellUl unlt. xald laat night
Hundrtdr 01 p e a d t went to 81%. U l i l he h a d n e v e r bad.&. alhlauon
son Brothrra Funer.1 Horns lair such 1 9 lhla belom' and lhxt be
TEursday to vlew t h e body..' ' . '. would h s v c to c o n t . c t m m e o n e 'la
Jarnei B r w k n a t Hlxron B r o l h New' Orlcanr ' b ' 5 4 Lh6 profir
ers r l l d that the cnakct would pmccdurs.
--*--*--
394
RETUAN OF THE ANCIENT ONES-..
Now that you have seen their reports which they guessed without
any proof. Let me just replace what they want you to believe with true
facts pulling the cover off more lies.
On September 7, 1814, there was absolutely not one white person

in the area.
The Heinelle family settled i n Mobile, Alabama in 1690. Henielle

came to Biloxi i n 1699. No white family would have had an Egyptian
burial in a red and green casket. The Hennelles or Tennelles never
owned the land of the burial site.
Lemoine d'lberville found a colony in 1699 at Beloxi, Mississippi.

He died soon after. Henille took command. His fam.ily stayed i n
Mississippi at his post of command until a move was made to New
Orleansin 1706. This Henille was dead before 1814.
lsham Washington owned the land where the lron Egyptian Casket
was buried, therefore, it i s only reasonable to believe that the lron
Egyptian Casket held his relatives or one of his in-laws.
Grant lived to b e 130 years old by a late record which claimed to

be 150 years of age at his death in 1937. He claimed to be the boy that
worked for the Maison Rouge. He also claimed to have known De
Bastrop, if he was about 12 years old when the Maison rouge went to
New Orleans. If he really saw the changing of this land i n three hands
of government, he was truly 150 years old. He claimed to out live his
first family and was about to out live all but his baby girl by his third
wife. He was a man about t o take a wife when Louisiana was sold.
And, had a family in 1812. H e gave an accurate account then of what
has led me to believe he was i n knowledge. He could not read.
' M y Legal Family Tree!"
The poem you may have read earlier has a puzzle catch that I have
not been able to find the answers to all of these sixty-four years.
Coming from Catalina de Villeneuve who married Louis de Maison
Rouge, they had one son, Joseph de Maison Rouge. They were all of
first family blood line before Napoleon came to power in France. The
elders were imprisoned. Helping their son escape to the said, New
World - America. He came by passport dated January 1,1795. He met
the mother of Henry Turner, a native black, whom he loved. They had
two sons of this relationship. Fielding Turner and Henry Turner. The
mother died and the boys were reared by his maid, Maria with her
slave, who's name was Charlie Walker. The boys were conceived i n
New Orleans earlier that same year by a Washo Woman from the
Barbaritera called Anna. She died shortly thereafter.
The Messers Joseph de Maison Rouge would not give u p his only
family, even if they were black. He hired a nurse named Maria and he
brought them to what had been called Washitaw by the Spanish. The
obtained a grant of 30 leagues from the Spanish Government on July
14,1795.
The Maison Rouge was not a popular man i n the community as he

refused to give u p his black twins to the hospital or to sell the boys.
Him, being a society person, well educated with many skills, it was n o
problem for him to study how to save all of his property for their
welfare. He was a businessman versed in French Law, secured
agreements binding Lawyers and friend Louis Boulingny to secrecy t o
sell to his sons when they became of age in case death, which was
certain as he had contracted a case of malaria fever, which seemed to
be turning to consumption from the dampness and exposure riding u p .
the river to his land from New Orleans.
His upbringing could not prepare him to such conditions. Being a

wise man he made a will to Boulingny with'a back-up agreement that
he would sell to Mr. Clarke, who would sell to Mr. Coxe, who would sell
to the Turner boys. Behind each agreement there was a pre-binding
fixed side signature or by signature, that made it impossible to break.
The Maison Rouge died. Louis Boulingny found that he could not trick
or fix what he had pre-signed before lawyers. He sold to Clark as
agreed. Clark was the sweetheart to Miss Maria, who had the boys
with her.
This was June 1, 1804. They were now eight years o l d past
December. When Mr. Clark died his mother came in procession. Mary
sold to Turner who was now 19 years old and a man with money from
his own daddy, at least enough to purchase for he and his brother.
Being the older of the two. Mr. Coxe kept his agreement also by
binding law to sell all of his land to Turner from the two Grants. The
Baroin de Bastrop had a 12 league included. The Maison had a claim
on the Neutral Strip, not for himself but for the Ancient Ones. This was
all North Louisiana, Western Mississippi and Oklahoma, Northeast
Texas u p to Little Rock, Arkansas near covering Hot Springs.
Henry Turner set his friend Charlie free, supplying the funds for
Charlie to purchase his own freedom. Charlie talked about the Grants
so much they nick-named him Grant. Charlie was a Toboolie. He had
been stolen when his parents were poisoned. He married a slave girl
and his first borns were sold as their mother was a slave. Their
children were the property of the master. The slave Charlie had his
freedom when he belonged to Miss Maria.
EMPRESS VERDMCEE...
He did odd jobs for the Maison and went t o New Orleans with him on
special occasions. After Clark's death, he was placed i n slavery care
of Mary Clark and passed around until Henry Turner became of age the
three became men of business.
Henry spent most of his time around Bastrop, close to Maria. So

did Fielding. The boys married and reared families. Henry Joseph
Turner named his son Joseph Henry Turner. Joseph H. Turners's baby
daughter was named Annie i n honor of the Washo Anna. She married
Fred H. Washington. Fred's mother was Delphia Kimms Badger. Her
pappa was William "Bill" Kimms, a Badger branch. Her mother was
Mahalia Garrison. Her pappa was Boulie Boulingny-Garrisson. Her
mother was Lulia Garrison Daniel by a second marriage. Her mother
was Ayimareeyah, who died i n 1814, the Empress i n the black, red and
green Egyptian casket.
Fred's papa was lsham Washington, brother of lsom (the other set
of twins were Jack and Jim). lsam and lsom were all Toboobie
Washitaws of a pure branch of Ancient Ones. Like Ayimareeyah of the
Washitaw of DUGDAHMOUNDYAH. The proper spelling was supplied
by Mr. Henry Daniel, who came all the way from New York at the age
of 98 to make the corrections. Also, a Mr. Harvey Vivian gave me the
correction on the pronunciation. The age of Ancient Ones are very
important.
Grant was aged between 130 to 150. Aunt Francis 128. Our
grandmother, Delphia lived to be 117. Most lived past 100. Alice
Garrison 122. Aunt Delia 128. Yes, our cousin, Tut-Susan Garrison Hill
is still alive at 112.
The poem was a piece of the DeVillenoure side, yet I could not fit
it i n the survey to make the puzzle match. The period was long before
the Baton Rouge's time, yet it stuck out like sore thumb. I did not
know enough about France and England history to put it together. He
had been a Marquis. It was some kind of Royal Knighthood, probably
of the Malta.
That just was not good enough. I must be certain and also Ihad t o find
out if King James' daughter, the Queen donated the land back. Whom
did she marry and who owned England and France at that time. Just
where was the Thames located and how far was the village of Berry
and where was Querry. Only in the will which I had never heard before.
It was a fact that Joe H. Turner was named for his Grand Father and
great Grandfather. Joe was short for Joseph and H., the abbreviation
naturally for Henry. Something was wrong with Mrs. Tyler's story too.
But, I could not use the hearsay. I needed proof. It was like the poem,
not ready yet. I knew that she was an oldtomen with a ready-made
family that he never adopted. That is why she carried Fielding's name
at first, because he was legitimate. It was dropped because afterwards
because he was black and handsome. 1 still did not know what that
graveyard dirt was used for. There were many answers I still had to
know before I bring it before the land office to request my own
ancestors land back.
Ah! So that's it. Four years later I learned that it is a source of

energy coming up out of the ground formed the dirt of the decayed.
This dirt is used for rituals. The white people especially governmental
rulers use it to keep us i n line.
When you are poor, the longest way around is the shortest way
home. Leave them at the lock up, I will find a way i n when it is good
and time. They are safe and close. There were many other things I
had to get together. Those marriage licenses over in a Mississippi
courthouse with the missing... that was supposed to be i n a locked u p
box and was not. I was not to keep on going to that state right now.
But, how do you prove your point, without your proof i n the pudding?
The Maison Rouge did not have any license. He made sure thatthe
land would exchange hands three times before his death. He had laid
his plans by pitting lawyers against lawyers and friends against friends
to make sure his little half-breeds get that grant and his holdings i n
Paris, Berry and in ~ u e r r J . His was the tainted blood Grant used to
say was in our veins.
Tainted or not, he owned his son the only way h e could, and I had
found what was left of the old salt mine and wheat mill.
It was in the woods near Edgar and Janie Parkers place. Out in the
woods from the swamps. What was lacking was the poem. What did
it mean? Why could I recite it and I was barely four when she died. If
I could just find it written down in some old book, I would know if I had
missed a verse or I would know the title.
The English daisies blossomed

The English robin sang
All the land was fragrant
Beneath the feet of spring.
Two little sisters wandering

Together hand in hand
along the dusty highway
their bare feet soiled and tan.
T'as not their childish grief or sorrow

That filled their little eyes with tears
Their \ M e hearts were burdened
With grief beyond their years.
Beneath the trees of white hall

Within their shadows brown
From out the Royal Palace
The Queen came walking down.
Dear lady said the eldest

Iand my sister Bess
Have come together
A hundred miles Iguess.
RERIRN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
Sometimes the road was dusty

Sometimes it t'was in green
We are very tired and hungry
And want to see the queen.
Our mither is sick dear lady

And cries most aN the day
We hear her telling Jesus
When she thinks we are at play.
She told him all about it

How when King James was King
We were very rich and happy
and had most everything.
We had aur own dear pappa

At home beside the Thames
Our pappa went to battle
'Cause he loved King James.
A brave soldier in battle

I cannot see the how
We haven't a pappa
Or any nice things now.
Last nigM our rnither told us

They are taking our home away
And leaving us without any
'Cas levy, we cannot pay.
Once our mither told us

That the queen was James's little girl
And lady if 'tis so, I know she'd
Let us keep it, our home besides the thames
Our papa went to battle 'cause he loved King James.
EMPRESS VERDMCEE. ..
Things are so different

I cannot tell thee how
'Cept we haven't a home
Or any nice things now.
So we come togeiher
Right through the meadow green
Praying for God to help us
And take us to the Queen.
It i s not certain why this poem should be mentioned now except

that it has a slight connection to all records. It i s from France and
England just after the translation of the Greek Septuagint to English in
1611. The property from the DeVilleneuve side of the will is tied hereby
and hands down in a beautiful piece of poetry. The records here are
merely an attachment to a matter abroad. It is only natural that this
poem be inserted here to show that a family member down through
generations, be made to recite and remember the poem.
It came t o this writer b y word of mouth from Annie Turner. It was

taught to her b y her parents, from theirs. According to the directions
of Catalina for a memorial of the event. We must hold it in our minds
for whatever reason. It i s important and a part of the oral record.
Annie Turner died when this writer was barely four years old. Yet, as
far back as there is any memory, it was recited to her by her mother
daily. In fact the poem and her mother's odd greylgreen eyes and
redish hair is the only memory she has of Annie Turner Washington.
It is an oral record fixture that i s to keep you o n the dusty highway until
you get every piece i n place.
Even after the state of Louisiana got the surveys back and they
found that the truth was so different from their lying history that it was
better t o have it locked u p for thirty more years to protect white
property lines that had accumulated across the era. The New Orleans
Historical Society Collections o n 533 Royal Street was chosen as the
jailer of the documents after the state of Louisiana paid the price.
It turned out to be even better as they are well kept. Unlike it would be
if some of the discriminatory workers of the state could get their hands
o n them. They would be lost.
Louisiana is an expert on the losing and the burning u p of records.

They are i n attics, old coffins and you name it. Louisiana is known for
the worst U.S.A. coverups i n history!
The good old U.S.A. granted all the exploiters 320 acres of land
except Mr. T. Good old York, the black man who out lived them all by
the grace of God. Again, York died in Richmond, Virginia i n 1879 five
years after he became a whole man by an Amendment of the United
States Constitution. York never got one acre because he was black
and the U.S.A. scout who history called Meriwether's servant. Again I
ask you, have you ever known a soldier to take his servant to war?
Other lies or "Cover-Ups" i s the fact that Lewis and Clarke

documented everything in sight. The weather, the plants, the rocks,
the minerals found, the people by tribe, by habits, by color, b y war-like
activities and it was documented a bushy-headed tribe who did not like A
the red man or the white man. The black, bushy-headed Washitaws
(Washes).
-
Now please explain why history did not make us aware of this
important fact? It was because they went to spy o n the Washitaws, a
people that the good old United States had signed to be their , -
protectorates over their rights, their land and their property. These
exploiters would not hava been able to get interpreters if this had not
been the case of facts. Sheshony that Chabony baby was also on that
-
trip to b e introduced to her tribe. She, the woman was true to her
husband o n this trip. Why did not history tell us the truth as it is all i n -
the Official Report? Why did history have to invent white lies? The lies
they invented for the history books are not a part of the report made
for Thomas Jefferson by the exploiters of the Washitaws. -
CtlwrERm-THRn
VIA THE RIO NEGRO:
"By Way Of The Route Of The Black Man!"
In ships of shittim they came across the Atlantic to the Gulf of

Mexico. Up the old Mississippi to their new home, the clear water,
'Ashita (Washita). A highly intelligent race of mariners from the original
man. Adam, God's first man who had a magnificent brain to name
every creature upon the earth. Adam's mind was not lacking nor his
power to think, even after his willful sin, he recorded and wrote books
as he walked and talked with God, his creator. It is very easy to follow
the trail of great men and women of color. Black, brown, tan and hi-tan
from Adam, whom God split the first atom from and made the human
bomb of production and reproduction; woman.
We trace them from Meroe. Er, Enoch and u p and down the great
rivers of Africa to the great Mississippi into Washita. The Mound
builders (see Louisiana Poverty Point).
RENRN OF THE ANClEN7 ONES...
The Alrniahtv Great Spirit Gave A Command:
Ye shall not make with me gods of silver,

neither shall ye make unto you Gods of gold.
An altar of earth thou shall make unto me
and shall sacritice there on thy burnt offerings;
thy sheep and thine oxen.
In all places where I record my name I will

unto thee, ,
and I will bless thee.
And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone,

thou shalt not build it of hewn stone,
for if thou lift up thy tool upon it,
thou has polluted it,
Neither shall thou go up by steps unto
mine attar that thy nakedness be not
discovered thereon. Exodus 20: 23 to 26.
This trek began when the first man, down to the ark builder, Noah
and his coming out on dry land. Before this the whole earth was one
land mass and not divided into continents. The earth had been
saturated with water and the earth divided i n the day of Peleg. Genesis
10:25 (not quoted, please read).
EMPRESS VERDlACEE...
Name of Person Parent's Age Child's Name Parent

Or Parent At Birth Born Age At
Born Or Created Child Death
Adam Of God External Eve Of Adam Never

Adam Time Startup Cain & Abel Death
Adam 130 Seth 930

Seth 105 Enos 912
Enos 90 Cainan 905
Cainan 70 Mahalaleel 910
Mahalaleel 65 Jared 895
Jared 162 Enoch 962
Enoch 65 Methuselah God
Enoch walked with God. He lived on earth 365 years.
Methuselah 187 Lamech 969

Lamech 182 Noah 777
Noah 500 Shem the Build
Ham Boys load
Noah built ark 600 went i n Japhet 97 Flood
Noah 950
flENRN OF THE ANCIEM ONES..
SHEM HAM JAPHET
Shem (after the flood) 2 yrs Arphaxad
Arphaad Salah
Selah Eber
Eber Peleg
Peleg Reu
Reu Serug
Serug Nahor
Nahor Terah
Terah Abraham
}
Nahor & Haran
Name af Person Person's Age Child's Name Parent

Of Parent At Birth Born Age At
Born Or Created Child Death
Adam of God Eternal Eve & Adam Never

Adam Tlme Startup Cain & Abel Death
Born In Sin Sin
Adam Seth 930

Seth En08 912
Cainan Mahalaleel 910
Mahalaled Jared 895
Jared Enoch 962
Enoch Methuselah God
took
Satan has always wanted to be like God, or in opposttlon to the
plan of God. When he lied in the garden of Gad, he dldnt stop lying
and murdering God's creatlon. For example, a lie has always been
carrled along In opposition to the truth. Adam had a good son and a
bad son. Cain, the Rrst was bad and did murder his younger good
brother, Abel. Acin raised a family down in Enoch, the city he bullt and
named after hls Rrst son, Enoch. Adam's third son, Seth was better
than Cain though born in sin. Let's see the example of the children of
Caln and Seth are as follows:
S€lH'S CHILDREN'S UNE CAINS CHILDREN'S UNE
Noah lived 500 years and during that time Noah begat three sons.
Shem being the older brother who was 97 years old when he was
saved during the flood. He was 98 when he came from the ark and 100
years old when hls son, Arphaxad was born. The three children of
Noah are as follows:
SHEM HAY JAPHEM
Would you like to know how these people populated the earth after the
flood? Ham disrespected his papa and looked upon Noah as a drunk
from wine.
Shem and Japhet went backwards and covered Noah without looking
on Noah's nakedness. Ham's son Canaan was cursed t o be the
servants of his brothers. Let's get our facts right. Cush was not
cursed. Noah cursed Canaan, Ham's son. Ham had five sons that
were not cursed. Since we are dlscusslng Ham's children, let us talk
about the cursed Canaan children. Who were they? The children of
Canaan did spread abroad. Sidon and Heth, they are the Jebusites,
Arkites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivltes, Sinites, A ~ a d i t e sZemarites
, and
the Hamathites.
'
Where abroad did Canaan's children go? Even to what we know
as Soviet Russia. They went north. Ham's other five:
Cush was the daddy of Seba, Havllah, Sabtar, Raamah, Sabtechar
and Nimrod. His grandsons by Raamah were Sheba and Dedan.
Nimrod was a great hunter In opposition to God.
The Nimrod's built great cities in his kingdom. Babel, Erech, Acca,
Calneh, out of that land. Sihlnar went to Assshur to build Nineveh,
Rehoboth Calah and Resin. Ham's son, Mlzrairn begat Ludlm, Anamim,
Lahabirn, Naphtuhlrn, Patruslm and Casluhim and from these came the
Philistirn and the Caphtorim. They were not wandering people. You
can trace almost everyone except Phut.
The sons of Japheth: Gomer begat Ashenaz, Ripath, Togarmah, begat
Ellshah, Tarshlsh, KItim and Dodnlm. The lsies of Gentiles was divided.
Phut-Put is also said to be sunken in the sea with the Atlantis. M ~ I J
and the lost land of people.
Just before we talk about Shem's children we want you to see all
the facts about Canaan's children, who spread abroad. they went even
into North Russia as we have told you. From the lands of Gerar unto
Gaza, went to Sodorn and near Gomorrah and unto Admar and
Zeboim, even to Lasha.
Now we have given you the children of Shem in the Peleg issue
except Joktan's children, who went east. Almodad, Sheleph, Obal,
Jerah, Hazarmaveth, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Abimeal, Havilah, Sheba
and Jobab and their dwellings were from Mesha as you go unto Sephar
a mound of the east.
All of Noah's children did form their nations as their families

spread abroad. They did divide into nations i n Peleg's day. Peleg did
have a family.. His daddy, Eber begat Peleg and Joktan.
We want to remember as we go, especially Shem, Arphaxad, Selah,

Eber, Peleg, Reu, Serug, Nahor, Terah and Abram-Abraham. Please
not the division of the Gentiles and the Jews.. The division of the land
mass, the division of black and white. With this great earth dividing in
Peleg's day or his day's-lifetime.
Genesis 10:25:
And unto Eber were born two sons; The name of one was Peleg.
For in his days was the earth divided and his brother was Joktan.
1st Chronicles 1:19:
And unto Ebner two sons were born. The name of one was Peleg.
For i n his days was the earth divided. And his brother's name was
Joktan.
1st Chronicles 1:25:
Eber, Peleg, Reu
Peleg means: A division:
To learn more about Peleg's day you must first learn the day of the
Creator of days. It i s not from sun u p to sun down. That i s not a
creative day.
RE7URN OF ME ANCIENT ONES...
God divided the evening from the morning that was the first day. He
divided the waters from above the waters below and made the
firmament to hold the water above, or the heaven from the earth on the
second day. On the third day, he made a land gathering together unto
one place, from the waters he called seas. He made trees and herbs
that day. God created fish, sea creatures, fowls that fly on day five.
On day six, God created Peleg's ancestors. Adam and Eve from Adam.
God himself split the first atom when Adam was divided. God created
him, All of God's work ended on the sixth day of creation, which was
not a twenty four hour day. A day with us i s from sun to sun. A day
with God is a thousand years. A thousand years past is a yesterday
with the Lord.
But beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing.

that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years,
and a thousand years as oce day. 2nd Peter 3:8
Far a thousand years in thy sight ere but

as a yesterday. When it's past and as a
watch i n the night. Psalms 90:4.
You can now see why your radio clocks are wrong. They are ticking on
the wrong time. Man made the radio clock to a man's time and
understanding. Now, Peleg had a twin named Joktan when the earth
was split and divided. They are not children of the same birthday but
a pair that were divided in Peleg's day.
Nothing else do we read about Peleg, which i n the old universal

language means division. Peleg became a wonder or an aboriginal on
another continent. We shall be i n that knowledge when God lets us
know where he placed a man, he wants us t o remember only as Peleg,
the division. Know you this before Peleg, generation was divided. He
was an ancestorilinage for.
'Wa The Route Of PreColurnbian Blacks In American!"
Across the Atlantic they came to the Gulf of Mexico, u p the old
-
Mississippi to the Washita, the blacks of African deqent came. A highly
intelligent race of ship builders, masonry, a tribe of Israel, black and
bushy-headed. They were the Washitaws.
-
Two thousand years before Christ this trek began with the seeds
of our fore-parents, Abraham, who came from papa Noah. Noah's
son's populated the world. They were Ham, Shem and Japheth.
Japheth's children populated the Isles of the Gentiles. From Ham came
Cush, Seba, Havilah, Sabtar, Raamar and Sabtechar. Cush was also
the parent of a mighty hunter before or in opposition to God, a founder
of cities.
The cities of his kingdom were Babel, Erech, Accad Calneh. Out o f
this beginning of his kingdom i n the land of Shinar went forth Asshur
to build Nineveh, Resen, Rehoboth and Calah. From Babel, language
or speech was changed and people were scattered over the face of the
earth by God because of disobeying His word.
-
The Philistims, the Canaaanites, the Jebusites, the Girgasites,
Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, A ~ a d i t e s Zemarites
, and the Haathes. They
spread to Gaza, Gerar, Sodom and Gomorah, Admah, Zeboim, these
are the sons of Hams.
RE77JRN OF THE ANCIENT ONES...
Now the sons of Shem are Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.
Arphaxad begat Salah. Salah begat Eber papa of the Hebrews. Eber
had two sons. The most noted was Peleg for in his day the earth was
divided. Peleg was the great great grandpapa of Abraham (Abram).
JoMan was the daddy of Alomodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
Hadoram, Uzal Diklar, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilar and Jobab.
Their land is from Mesha to Sephar, a mountain in the east.
Abraham came from an original, a ruddy from rich dirt and life
blood or breath of life. Abraham's first child was by an Egyptian
woman, dark. Now Abraham traveled south. We find him in Egypt.
Abraham being the ruddy would have been unnoticed, but his wife
Safai was fair. Men born in sin then were prone to want fair women.
Abraham and his fair wife went up out of Egypt and down in Africa.
JAMES MONROE
- 1790 - was elected Senator from Virginia.

- 1799-1 802 - was Governor of Virginia.
- 1814-1815 - was Secretary of War.
- 1816 - he was elected President of the United States.
- 1821 - h e was re-elected President. Was he the Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary?
I n his early life he sewed i n Harlem and in Washington in the

Revolutionary War. In White Plains and in Trenton, he was the official
Minister when the LOUISIANA PURCHASE was negotiated. He was not
there when it was negotiated. He was sick in bed after he reached
France and everything had been done by the man who replaced
(Livingston was out of office) Monroe, representative of the United
States i n the fourth, fifth and sixth Congress.
This man learned from his predecessor in matters of abroad.

Under his watchful eye, we believe he was aware of many foreign
enemies personally, because of the sneakiness of how his predecessor
had been removed i n the middle of the LOUISIANA PURCHASE. This
led him, a man of awareness to want to break ties with a foreign world
who interfered in United States politics and government. He was father
of the United States Foreign Policies, now known as tho Monroe
Doctrine. Part of his doctrine was to send all of the black people to
Africa, even those he found when he came!
Under the table, by the United States' Plot on paper, she pledged
at once to steal land from the pre-Columbian people by sending a legal
Army to spy on the land as the "LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION."
RENRN OF THE ANClEHT ONEX..
Spain never did cede the Neutral Zone to France. France did not
cede the Neutral Zone to the United States or any other state or states,
whereas it could be said that the United States purchased a Neutral
Zone, which was the W a s h i w Dugdahmoundah, our legal country.
Napoleon, a man of future speculation, placed a phrase. I can

appreciate i n the sale agreement, a phrase that stipulated that the
buyer in actual purchase did not purchase our land at all. IT MUST
REMAIN FREE AND THE UNITED STATES MUST PROTECT IT
ALWAYS; ITS PEOPLE, THEIR PROPERTY AND THEIR RELIGION AND
THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE (PERIOD)!!!
It is the INTERNATIONAL LAW OF, THAT INTERNATIONAL U.S.A
PURCHASE FROM FRANCE!
Under the Louisiana Constitution, every old thieving trick in the

book and under history's book was used illegally. The good old United
States carried out the steal under Louisiana's illegal law.
First after spring, she surveyed what was and was not her land.
Then she brought in white people and set them upon our land with her
army. This was contrary to the International Treaties she had signed.
The United States sent 59 white families to live among us with her army
protecting them and not the Ancient Ones, as she had signed to
protect.
The original Washitaws are the Doustonian Age of the old Ancient
Ones. They were black and bushy-headed people. We are preserved
by God after the first fall of mankind. They are mixed with the children
of Cain, not free from sin. They have now become a people infiltrated
with a dis-eased disease).
The original disease is leprosy or sin. However, there is another

form of whitening of their skin from an ancient scientific process which
we will later deal with.
- If you mix a yellow man with a black, you get a red man.
- If you mix a white man with a black, you get a yellow man.
- If you mix a red man with a black, you get a brown man.
The races and traces of his whereabouts are not easy, yet a color
chart of man can be fixed easily. Man's origin i s i n Africa. That is
when Africa was the whole earth's one land mass. The Washitaws are
an original Ancient Race or Nation of people. They are from Africa to
the land of Nod-sleep. We are the sleeping giants that must be
awakened. We were separated from what you know as Africa.
You must now imagine that you are looking at a globe. Now with
your mind's eye, pull the globe together again, making the puzzle fit
into place. Can you now see where your nich came from? Of the four
rivers mentioned i n your Bible, only one is missing. It is now over in
another continent. Now pull the bottom and the top back together, in
their original place. See there, you have it. You did it with your own
mine's eye. The whole world was Africa, the mother of all the
countries. Re-connect all of the great rivers to one head and you have
Eden, or where it was. Oh! Isn't this just wonderful knowledge? The
sleeping giant is finally awakening about the Neutral Strip. The
Washitaw that is Dudgarnoundyah.
What about the black, red and green Egyptian Iron Casket and the
Empress? I know for myself who I am. I know for myself, a land that
has never been purchased, conquered, sold or granted is here for a
purpose. It is not here for me to be a worldly Empress. The land is
sacred, the Mounds of the earth is sacred for purposes greater than I.
We shall see Him come i n a cloud with power and glory. We shall
stand i n a Holy place to welcome Jesus, the King. We only have a
short time left. We must get ready to meet the Bridegroom. Body
members get ready to acclaim my Jesus as head.
RETURN OF THE ANCENT ONES...
How can I be angry now, or you be glad all of you nations and
people. The kingdom is at the door. Jesus i s the door. Therefore, it
is nigh at hand.
When Isay ... let my people go, I am not the ruler. I am only parting
the way. Black people, I must tell you, your heart must be open
enough to let white people in. Saints you will judge angels. Are you
ready? You must not make the same mistake your white nephewims
made. You are not better than anyone or su erior. You are equal to
f
all nations. You were not lost from God. The our beasts have eyes all
around. God needs no sleep, though he does take a rest on his
sabbath.
How many of us really know wh:t the sabbath really means? There
are seven days in a week. There are a thousand year period in one of
God's days. We do acknowledge Jesus was born 4004 B.C. and 1993
years has passed and that gives us 5,997 years or 5 years from a week
of days.
CHAPTER--
"God Made Man I n Africa!"
M y study is now complete. The final research of my maternal

family line is WASHITAITUNICA or the Turners on my paternal side
from the Marquis de Maison Rouge which was mingled in pure
Washitaw on my maternal side. My mother, Mrs. Annie Frankee Jade
Bahoe Turner Washington-Washitaw.
On my paternal side we are pure De Doustonian Age W8shbw of
the Choctaw color. My daddy was Mr. Fred Houston Washlngton-
Washitaw.
The facts are here established. As Grant said. 'Ye are pore de
Washitaw, 'ceptin' a liftle tainf 'da from d e Marquis de Maifion Rouge,
'air to d e throne. ' "
I had traced the race, and lifted my face fo my God t o have mercy
on my case, yet being thankful for his saving grace. The true purpose
of the so-called yellow man, white man and the black man was revived
before my very eyes. It was all i n the divine pattern of the breaking u p
of the earth from one solid land mass into continents. I saw it and I
wept. How far had we fallen from the original purpose of a peaceful
earth, enjoyed by beast, fish, fowl, creeping things and man i n spirit.
Lost was our communication with God. We had failed i n accepting a
redeemer.
RETURN OF THE ANClEHT ONES..
All governments were guilty. The governmental guilt was trying to

set up their own kingdom in opposition to the kingdom which began in
the Garden of Eden of God. We had been in the land of Nod, sleeping
on our own rights for over 6900 years. We had been preserved by God
for the purpose He pre-ordained for over 400 years. It isn't a type of
Egyptian slavery. We had been enslaving in our own land, because we
were without proper spiritual communication with the Great Holy Spirit.
ANCIENT IMPERIAL RESEARCH
When I started my story, I did not know a man from the east, nor
did I know my own most Honorable Administrator, Clint D. Nelson-Bey
or my friend lfia Fayloin El or any Moors on earth, except us. We were
remnants of Ancient Muurs according to my grandmother. I had been
spiritually shown these people which I would meet from the east t o the
west and how it would come together. I had to do my writing first and
God himself would do the proof reading.
My two very educated history professor friends had died just at the
start of my writing. Professor Nathan Jones and Professor George
Moody had died and I was deeply hurt because they held my work i n
high esteem and I asked them to give their names and educational
history background as my proof. I was sure that these two friends
were for my work. That was not who the Most High had chosen for this
job. If it could be possible that those that have passed o n before us
could know what is going on here, it is George and Nat day in glory.
Mr. George Moody wanted his research and works t o b e i n the

Imperial Achieves of the Washitaw. If it is His will, one day i t will be
there. Mr. Nathan Jones used to tell us when we get the Washitaw
under our control, if we see a fly on the wall, do not kill it as he would
be watching. These great men died believing i n me and giving me
much of the time in which they had left going over my research. Mr.
Jones went on several research trips i n our company, even though we
and he knew that his time was at hand.
The dig at gold mine, I shall not forget him standing watching US
smiling, laughing and crying at the same time. We may plan but there
i s a Master Planner who has people that we do not know to mark His
approval.
EMPRESS VERDLQCEE-..
The next pages you will read i s most divine from the Moors,
verbatim in direct copy as they sent to me for my book, which will also
be i n their book.
T I E WASHITAW UUURS OR THE LAND OF THE REElW
This chapter is a last minute entry. This is because of the lack of

information that the public is receiving concerning the rebirth of the
Washitaw Muuraysh (African) Nation as of January 8, 1992.
There i s a struggle for black freedom going on at this very moment

that will change the European control over America and you can b e
part of it. Please read the following information thoroughly. the
following information is given for the purpose of showing the:
A) Connection between the Eastern (African) and Western

(Amoorikan) Muurs (MWR: MAWR: MAUR: MOOR).
B) Their biblical end times or cyclic importance.
C) Their celestial heritage (see the Xmen inheritance or everyone

shall see for indepth information).
D) I n order for you to understand the connecting link thoroughly,

I am going to break down and demonstrate this binding word
WASHITAW (WST) by using the ancient three radical roots i n various
ways. Also, we will briefly go into the word Louisiana.
(1) Washitaw colloquially has come to mean ANCIENT ONES

and it i s spelled in English as OAUCHITA and written in Wallis Budge's
Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary as USHAUTI (WST). WSHAUTI is also
called shabti (SBT). The three radical root words WST and SBT will be
analyzed also.
Wa-sh-taw: (a) wa = they, them : ships, boats : only one, single: flesh
and blood heirs: Governors, rulers (b) = lake, water garden: * Reed
Land: conquered ones: To separate, section of: Those who build:
-
Place of a good destiny. (c) Taw (tau: Tah land: gods of the cydles
or circle: Morus 'Mauros: Moors) berry or Mulberry: cross, The X =
Emblem of the coming ones = Xmen.
Land of the Reeds (*Reed Land) is called Eritreans or Erythrean (Red

sea: Sea of Reed) sea today by most geographers but in antiquity it
was known as Ka Muur (Ka-Moor = ~ n o t d e rLake of the gods or
terrestrial waters of those who came down from heaven). "As above
so below" is an old axiom of Kemet.
(WASHITAU) = West or Western .Land of the reed. Also, those

who came in ships that will rebuild at the end times (new cycle) who
are the flesh and blood heirs of the heavenly ones (Xmen: Moodock)
and will govern even though they were conquered. Keep i n mind that
this Muurish word is a descriptive term that has within it several
sentences.
-
SBT (Shabti) is anothername for WaShawTi (Washitaw) in Kemetian
' that became the Hebrew words SBT, SBTz, or m.
In Kern. (Egyptian)
SBT means those who will RULE and the pupils and teachers from the
star system SIRIUS (sothis = set lsis).
The Hebrew (a Canaanite Phoenician Mawraysh language) is not to be

confused with Yiddish that is being spoken today as Hebrew that was
officially made u p i n the 1990's.
The Hed. words SBT can also be written SB-Taw, SB-Tet and S B - w .
This is because these three letters (Taw, Tet and Tzd) interchange
frequently and most likely stem from the same original Phoenixion
Moorish letter X 0.
SB-Taw = to cease, day of rest, time of peace, end oa a cycle and the
beginning of another one.
SB-Tet = to set up a government, an Egyptian family and the Rod of

God.
SB-TzD = a time of confusion and t o mingle together. In modern

Arabic this becomes Sheik (Ar. ShYKH: shaw: shah) the old ones or
Kings. IT also is one of the names for the Israelite Hebrews. When we
use the three radical rood SBTz it can become ShaBaTz or ShaBaz
(Shabau) of the Nation of Islam. It is also possible to write SBTz as
SPS or SBZ i n the Kem. alphabets. The B and the P interchange.
There is one other form of the word Washitaw I must bring to your
attention and it is used as a T, Ts, S, Sh, or Ch i n the old languages.
With this i n mind we get Wacht = Oachita = Washitaw and means "The
capital city of Aphrodites (Afro-Dites) or lady of Love". The 0in
U a - m - T is one letter and becomes & or $.
T-SB with the I transposed does not affect the Heb. adjad (numerical
value) however, it does expand the word meaning.
The Kemetric word T-SB (PP = The O Reed land, the Judges or time
of Judgement and the Marshy Lands.
The Hebrew word T-SB = to defend or war against, a warlng star

(Planet X), host of heaven and Yahwehs heavenly army.
T h e 2 i s also the article the and St3 i s the bi-root for Sabians
(Phoenicians, Ethiopian, Moors). Sebeans (Sabians) are also known
as SHEBA (SIVA i n Sanskrit).
Shabti (SBT or TSB) is another name for Washitaw (Uacht and Ushauti)
that can mean "People in the capital city of the land the Reods who will
defend in the seventh cycle of the star people that will brlng about
Love (Aphrodite).
Louisiana = Louis-Ana or Lewis Anu.
Louis = Great warriors and is also called LuLu.
Lulu is from the ancient Sumerian language and means dark (Lul or LYI
i n Hebrew) one.
RENRN OF 'THE ANCIENT ONES ...
Ana is Hebrew for the Egypt Awn (on) or ON the Kernetian city. ON is
also called the city of the sun. This sun is none other than the Planet
-
Sirius Sirius is Greek and means great sun.
-
Anu = D'NGR in its original form and it stands for "Divine Negroes or
those who came down to earth from heaven.
The Sirius Star System is connected to the Planet X which is coming

toward earth.
3
Louisiana = The great dark warriors in the city of T a ' w who came
down from heaven or Planet X.
Also, the history of the Washitaw ( W S ~people

) and land are connected
with the word WicHiTa ( W - m - T ) and any serious student of history
can easily see the connection between the WicHiTa conception in the
early 1800's and the Washita demise.
In closing, I will add that it is expedient for as many people as possible

to investigate and join in the struggle to assist in restoring the great
Moorish (African) people and land back to its Aboriginal Negro owners
in the name of justice and fulfillment.
If you would like t o do your bit by way of Donations (for legal defense)
housing volunteers) equipment or time, please contact the Honorable
C. Nelson Bey at (318) 343-4247.
MY FINAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROOT WORDS
WASHITAW WORD STUDY
They did not know me and 1 did not know them. Spiritually I saw
that I would meet or have a connection of people from the east and
west o f the United States. And they would form a "V" in the middle of
the United States and come South forming a '7." The man Clint came
from California b y way of Ohio and others came from the East Coast.
We all had studied twenty odd years in our respected fields.
1. All had Moorish backgrounds. I, an Ancient Muur.
2. 1 know nothing about Moor or Egyptian Art. I absolutely know

nothing about (a), (b), or (d) and I have no knowledge of any of their
studies.
3. Washitaw being Reed people. My grandfather's last name is

Wasfiitaw - changed to Washington, and so are his sisters and his twin.
His brothers who are also twins were named Jack Reed and Jimmie
Reed, also Bouli Reed, yet they are whole. My cousin is named
Washington Reed, i n keeping with both names, the WASHITAWIREED
PEOPLE.
4. We are all born on the lake or near water, we Washington-

Washitaws and Reeds. We were a people who's parents planted a
mulberry tree at the kitchen window where the birds played and sang.
How much did our parents know? Now before I finish talking about
names, did we look at the fact that my grandmother's birth name is
Kim?
RRURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES..
I, like them know that the end is near for an old system of things.
We must make ready for the NEW SYSTEM, under God. I am only a
vessel now used for His purpose.
Louis and Lewis are family s o is Annie my mother's name. Anna,

a great grandma's name and . AYA-ANNAMAREE in the
AYAHMAHREEYAH WASHITAW DE DUGDAHMOUNDYAH.
"The Empress Of The Imperial Empire"
So it is.
so it must b e...
I came to set the Empire free!
Not my mother, not my daddy, not my sister, not my brother ...
Just me.
In 1927, on Thursday,
t'was i n the high noon I came ...
Verdiacee "Tiara" Washitaw-Turner Goston is the name,
A living remnant of the Ancient Ones, my ancestor's land I claim.
I have no bombs, no bullets, n o threats, no war.

Just common sense and universal law...
Retribution by Constitution,
By a law you did make...
My land I will take.
It has lain dormant so long,

In the Land of Nod,
Yes sleeping i n God.
'Till it was a time to wake,
for my lmperial sake...
Your morning breeze i s a song,
of how you waited o n me so long.
My smile is a thanksgiving too,

I was born for you ...
I was coming down through time,
to claim you - Y o u are mine.
Oh, my love. You have slept so long,
under blessings from above...
Tll I came along.
You took your nap,

under the Conquistadors,
you my old chap,
slept under the "Black Codes" of 1724 ...
-
No mkan's land locked inside the white man's law,
until I opened the doors.
My smile is because
you waited on me a while.
Wake up you sleeping qiant ...
this is your black woman for heaven's sake ...
Black man awake.
Come in out of the dew,

all of me is now waiting for you.
THE EMPRESS OF THE WASHITAW DE DUGDAHMOUNDYAH

WASHITA de DUGDAHMOUNDYAH NATION
P.O. Box 1509
Columbia Via U.S.A. 71418
(318) 343-4247
JULY 1992
Ire: Reparation, justice by Treaty Agreement, rights of Ancient

endangered people, rights of their own Religion must be
returned unto them;
TO: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE WORLD, EACH

RESPECTIVE OFFICE.
COUNTRIES, STATES, GOVERNMENTS, PEOPLE AS I T MUST

CONCERN YOU:
Greetings;
We, the WASHITAW de DUGDAHMOUNDYAH NATION, hereby

do inform you herein that we are free, our people, our
properties, our land and our religion to govern ourselves
s e ~ a r a t efrom the United States, vet under DroDer Protectorship
as'signed in a Treaty ~ g r e e r n e nfirst
i by spain to France, then
-
b y Napoleon France to the United States.
,
The United States owes us exactly what it signed to do and
Reparation damages and rent of $80,000,000,000,000,000.00.
To air left its citizens like the United States did the Kurds.
To protect us, our land, our properties, our rights, and our
religion.
Our rights - rights to our own resources and pay for the
damages thereto our water, our hunting and natural farming
grounds, our minerals, ore, gold, silver, diamonds, trees, etc;
to b e negotiated, properties.
Our land all drained by the Washitaw or the Ouachita, Black or

Negro Rivers and tributaries.
Our properties both o n our land and under our land.
Our religion, the sacred MOUNDS and the SACRED LAND.
In all fairness, charity begins at home. Charity is Love for God

and humanities. Human rights whic6 is far long overdue to the
Black Pre-Columbian people, remnants of the Ancient Ones, an
endangered people.
You are herein and hereby commanded by God, to submit to

Jesus as you are in JUDGEMENT. Surrender our rights, yield to
authority, resign your false claim of ownership, comply with all of the
demands at your discretion or be subject to what befalls you b y God
in His anger from heaven above the earth below.
It i s by his ownership (the earth and its fullness) you and yours
will be destroyed just as i n Moses' time, went into the countries of God
and murdered His praying people and you have a killer heart of stone.
You have entered all dark people's homeland to overthrow.
My message t o you is b y the Spirit of the Word and from God.

Repent. Be born again by the Spirit Witness. By the water witness and
blood witness, I command you i n the name of Jesus, Son of the Living
God.
All Praises To Him i n Holy Judgement. Amen
Empress Verdiacee "Tiara" Washitaw-Turner Goston

TAMING BACK THE LlDTD
THE GRANT
sure in (hL pmqincc. Bcing well hnclerstood that the
jlnd wluch may be included iu t h e a b o r t , eithw by title
m rum or f h t d e c n c s of conces-on, are not b be
cnsnlerl in computing thr recedilr: ?.hirty leas?; on
(hc contmry,$ie hfarqui!, Be- ~ h i w rhi u g e promises ~a
be of no tlctnn~cn: In the sctllcrs o c c t ~ m i n gP R ' I O U J I ~
an). wrt nf fllc l?ltd, but rrill n n i n b i n and sujlporttheu
in lhrir ";hts, In conside1,ntion ,that, the i t i d ihiity
Iraguco ahall surer any dimincuon op account of pre-
,\,ious oecu Tnt5 the >luqui?i d e h f m n R ~ u e chas Ole
nd$$an4 $ere ;<ill be no objecton x h i r auyplyi~igdte
drfic~encyin a n y nther p~rtwlicre 6 land 1s mcant.
And, th:il it ma co appcsr I IV. t l ~ i i ,by ordcr oFUlv
,zurcr:~nl- ;encrar,'Bnron de tarindele!; a11 whicll I
: certilj.. I I I I 1 "
CARI,OS TRUnF.hU, k c . No. 1 G . 'rhc unrler:ii~cd Cmnmissioncn hare c o ~ a -

Nrn O n r r m s , J w i c 14, l;Yi. p:~te<lthe tloc~nncnL*,tille filed in' this c l ~ i m will, tlnc
I n t n c l ~ ~ i onfn Illen, in agel G I,G8 and fig, of the np 11
rlir 10 lllc ihnnl, erllitlc!"l:an; I,a\vs,?c.,"and fin&,:
%!id trapsl;luon tube correct so Tar as 11go-: Tlie cer-
tificate, or roces r e r L ~ l , a h i c l itl,c aui-ieyoi general has
anncrcd to \is plat, not a[ipeimo; jn mid book,& t n n s l a -
ti011 of that document, together WIUI a copy of the plat,
is uanslnitted lor Uie rurther elucidation of the clain,.
N o n r d or other t e ~ h m a ~ hx5 i y bccn adduced before ~ l l r
bca+ to establish the occupaocy of any part of &a+
- . I certify h a t c above, roll Ulc p r e c e d i ~ we, - ~-

is s to the &nslal<,n or n-!~ic,il in a z e 69 d t h c a d i r o>
.
--
'kerr
~ ~~ ~~~~ ~
h a copy Gom rt of f i e Land C o m r n ~ ~ i i o n eqf

rs =, ' --
I h e w e s m & h i c ( o f % r i m s , dated the 14th Decem. said bmk, the Cqmmisj;&;ii G i e a v e &refer.
T h e undersignrd have &.enell n r o w k in tl3e 25th
c r , . l 8 l ? j md chat L+C pta! a::lc+i. h c c t n 13 a ;o& pl
5cjcplal~:'a:..ed to the mid repor:. T!:co<ginal
pe U( L ) ~ e i ~ ~ b u c l u cpvt
awj." dll!n$!:~tentl~;~% ~ E W C011
? n r ~o r h e boob entitled " L n d
I I tile claim. t41nder con-
'opctl in p y , ~6:, M, i n d 63, of.J.c bcmk en.jdx:i . . ~ideratim. rI11 p i L d e l e r e ~ l c efur hit sulliority, the
Laws, kc no1 in this office. u n d c ~ i g n c dconu6bsioners u-sotbut be of opini$'that
JOSIAH bfELOS.' the instrument, mtler J a t e p f the 30th oT Iuoc, l i 9 7 , i u
. . ? X ~ T X U ~ . , ? ~ . O ~ l~u ,h D c r d c r , 18?0. .- a p.~lcot, (or wlrtt a.w u ~ u l J y in , Loiisia~rn dennmi-
nnlcd a title in i o n ) k n 3 f e m n e to the hfmarcrls de
No. I. hIaisan Roube Ute title, in s full'ind ample a Gannr;
~3 !land7 were u ~ u l l ~ * g ~ r , by t e the
d Spmi,h Gorcl.n-
rnent, subject however, tu Uie colldiiions stipu!aJ@ i n
Isis c o ~ h t Gith t the Government. T l ~ eplat of nupeg
above refrn.ed to a i l \ bc [ound subjoined to this rcpllrl.
Iana: GESSW LLVDOF TI^.
'We certiry Unt thc two foregnii!,s copies are conforma. I certiGj that the foreping is a true copy fmm Like rp-
ble to the n n s n a l s which r e m a ~ nin L\c archise5 o i the port o r the L a n d Cumrn~siiunerrol the western district
ministry o f d ) e royal domaim under our c h r g e , and t h r t of O r l a n n , h t c d the 14th December, IBl2,snd l i u t tlic
thc contractor, the M a r q u i ~d e hlnimn Rou c , complied nbove claim. with othcrs m3rkcrl B are "the secon~l
Punctually wilh the terms d i c h ! ~ epropose5 In the u i d CIILY, comprisin* claims which, bough notembraced by,
contract; and, thatthis rn3y be ma3e manifesf c o n ~ o m - 1hC p m r i s ~ o n so f the raid acts,ought. nererthelmn,intl~e,
Myto h e order aborctnserted of Ul~slntendsnc g c n w ~ l , o;inion of tbc Comm~&:oxq, ti be c n c 5 n e d i o cnc.
7 e ' r e the prcse111in N e w O r l a n s , the 6th of.Angu,t, f o ~ i : yair5 h e b . ~ ~ , u ~ c s customsol , ~ o d the S p n i c h
,snY
.
C-"~ ~ . e r n n e z t . " \i';:nu.? m g h a r d , t n i s i r . 3 1 Dt-.embpr,
5J-AT'E LAN,-
--'+ex \ 'LAt.LD
Eecordg z i l b - c . ~ d e tar.yzar vandur cob..foiia tescriptco
!U.000 liRES HAI;OH E0iJG6 ICBAH?
207 8-51-OSPI 1646 HfiCFr 6 HARtlSOH 2/92 16,100 iSkES HAISOH F0U6E GBAHT
298 9-31-0692 184" 5 TTUHEL 2/92 ! U . W 1CEFS HhlEOH ?,OUGS GRANT
?ciY 5 !i-G$O; 1342 !! G PERSHSY "'92

*, 2.809 A C E HAISOH kfiC.tISE CAlH?
Zli, H-X-U6i;4 1846 SUC EIIRI TURNER ",,'92 1.928 ACRES HAISOl ROUGE GPIHT
ilk a-:i> 4605 ~ara u~larruellei: .,.;
:G1
.! 5.519 ic.i.r:: nrison ROUGE GUST
21: a ~r!-:t@JT 'li!.\b L!?k h lI},UkiS~j!l ?;YL Ir:.ii!i0 kZY.7S HPI53II kGiJGE 5LkHT
L -
'214 :i .!; cdi)i.; lt.~,: ELI;;!. VI!I~H~II .,
"I.'.$.. I .:!s4l,ki!, h! 1 >:t( !U~J<!?~:KANT
439
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THE RETURN OF THE LAND
Yn.,.,L ..q 311'54J

Ld&".l".
C~V.".~ .
R,mrd,
>AIal78
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BUODY aOCuEn DIVISION O F nGMiNlSTnATlON DT*IS srmt.~

G.,"<a"OR C0"UIII.C.lli
STATE LAND OFFICE
2anuary 8, 1992
Verdlache G09COn
Elprcaa a: tile uesP.itau
P . 0 . U O X 1051
~ n l u n h r a . ~ a . 71418
RC: naison rant

lsce lax idludicncrans
ouachita P a r i s n . La.
DEJ: MS. COStOC:
O n January 8. 1912. y 3 u rcquestcd Chat ca?,cellatiacs be is+ued

relative t o adludlcacicns for c n p a i d property take+ f o r the ).car
1FC8 in Ouachica Parish. L o u ~ z l a n a . ~n the names of:
Ulnlel V. co*e i0,OOO I C T P F ?L:s^" P.:Cq-1 ST;?:

Kyccfl i Harrlcan li.OC0 h c r c : I : . s i l ,
R z ; ~ c C:a-'.
L. '4. ~ u r n r r I O . C C O i c r e ~laison ~ o u q cC r a z r
C . C. Fers>.ey 2 . 8 ~ 0acres "1150n R o u q e ~ r c n :
S C C . l l e n r y Turncr 1.928 A c r e s %=,+on R O q e Crzn:
H e n r y Tur:icr 5.519 .Acres x a i ~ o nRovqe G r a n t
j a r a h Tyler 5.soo Acres naison Rouqe <:ant
COIl b H d r r 1 s o n 1 6 . ~ 0 0A c r e s ~ a i s o nRouge era";
Elira Quicnan 1.036 A c r e s zaison Rouae C r a n :
Total 68,881 Acres
Article X . Soctlon 2 0 of the Louisiana Constitution a f 19'1

itatel:
whenever any immovable propecry shall ha.,*
been forfcited or a d j u d i c a t e d to t%e stafc for
the nonpayment of taxes d u e prior to J a n u a r y
1st. 1880, and rhe State shall not have sold or
d l s p o s c d 0 1 same. nor dispossessed the tax
d d b c o r . or h i s heirs, S Y C C ~ ~ S O o~r S assiqns.
prior to the a d o p t i o n of rhis Conscicution, it
shall bc concluslvcly presumed that such
forfcicurc o r ad~ildicaLlonua,s i r r e g u l a r and
null. rv C h a t t h u prorlr,r:y has bccn r c d c c m c d :
'.'A'. I.WIICII1CI .... ,.
8 Ill,,
1"JIIl
l.,..,
/I/. ..,
r i l r l r l l i n O U G t u2,,l.,",.n
1111,*11.1.I~,0,,"
,",,"..:.
! --
a n d t h e S t a t e , a n d i t s assigns subsequent . .
h e r e t o , s h a l l f o r e v e r be e s t o p p e d rrdm s e t t i n g
u p any t i t l e t o s u c h p r o p e r t y by v i r t u e o f s u c h -
f o r f e i t u r e o r adjudication:.provided, t h a t for a
p e r i o d o f t h r e e y e a r s from t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h i s
C o n s t i t u t i o n t h e S t a t e s h a l l have t h e r i g h t t o
e n f o r c e r h e payment o f a n y u n p a i d t a x e s f o r t h e
non-pay-;rent.oF which t h e p r o p e r t y was Forfeited -
t o the State.
A r t i c l e XIV. s e c t i o n 1 2 o f t h e L o u i s i a n a S o n s t i t u t i o n of 19ir -
states:
Whenever any immovable p r b p e r t y h a s b e e n
forfelted o r adjudicated t o the s t a t e t o r
n o n p a j m r n t o f t a x e s d w p r i o r t o J a n u a r y 1,
18e0, and t h e s t a t e d i d _ , ~ o t . s e l ol r d i s p o s e of -
- i t C o r a i ~ s ~ s ' s e s s-=hi. t a x de6t.o-r E F h i s -hii'rs':
s u c c e s s a r s , o r a s s i g n s p r i o r t o t h ? a d o p t i o n of
t h z C o n s ~ i t u t i o nof 1 9 2 2 , i t s h a l l b e presumed
conclusively t h a t t h e forfeiture o r adjudication -
was i r r e g u l a r and r t u l l o r t h a t t h e p r o p e r t y h a s
been redeened. The s t a t c a n d i c s a s s i g - 6 sha:l
be estopped f o r e v e r from c l a i m i n g any t i t l e t o
t h e p r o p e r t y because of suc? E o r f e i r u r e o r
adjudication. -
T h e s e constitutional a r t i c l e s n e g a t e t h e n e e d f o r any f u r t h e r
a c t i o n t h a t t h i s o f f i c e should take r e l a t i v e t o your r e q c e s t . May
v e s u g g e s t t h a t you s e e k p r i v a t e l e g a l c o n s u l r e l a t i v e t o a n y -
q u e s t i o n s o f t i t l e o r o v n e r s h i p of t h e a f f e c r e d p r o p e r t y .
I f we c a n b e oi any f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e t o you, p l e a r f d o n o t
n e s l t a t e t o c o n c z c t 0s.
-
Sirzerely,
-- Bobby W . Freyou
~ -
P u b l i c Lands R s c o r 6 s Hanaqer
Ph.1504-342-4579
--
..~
PARIS11 PARIS11 RAIIKS
COOE TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 BLANK
" IC:".'r L L E
OOSSf E R
07
08
CAD00 09
CALOCf E L L 11
CLAIOORtlE 1 4
OESCTO 1G
EAST CARROLL 18
FRAllKLI N 21
JACKSOH 25
LrtICOr.II 31
IiAOISOlI 33
HOREIIOUSE 24
tIATCIIITCCIIES s
3
OUACll I T A 27
REC R I V E R 4 i
RICIILAI~O' 42
SABINE 47
TEtISAS 54
UtIIOtI 56
W Ei3STER 60
WEST C A R R O L L 62
NO P A R I S l l L I S T E D 0
THEHISTORIC
NEW ORLEANS
K F I I P E R
COLLECTION
A N 0 L E I L A W I L L I A M S F O U N L 7 A T I O N
March 1 9 , 1991
Dear Ms. Goston.
Thank you for your order of photographs. I have placed the order with
our photography department and will send the images to you as soon as
they are available. Please allow three to four weeks for processing.
Also you left the enclosed documents in our manuscripts division when
you were last here. I hope you find them as you left them. If some
other piece is missing please let me know so I can search for them or
replace copies for you.
I sincerely enjoyed your research visit and hope to work with you in
the future with your ongoing project. I would like to receive a COPY
of whatever brochure or invitation you produce concerning che Oauchita
and your knowledee of the moundbuilding culture. I understand that
there is some event planned for the 19-22 of June. I would be grateful
for any information you send.
Again thank you for your request, and please do not hesitate to call
upon me if I may be of any further assistance.
Sincerely.
P.S. Please return the enclosed invoice with your payment. I will include
a copy with your completed photo order when it is ready.
United States Department of the Interior
Bl RLAU OF l M l l %IAVA(:L..I\II-.N
-
-
-
TAKE-
,-NI
PRIDE
AMERICA
I
-9
=
I
1:.,\1<., 8, T,.,,, , I I
Ms. Verdicee "Tiari" Washitaw Turner'Goston

P.O. Box 1509
Columbia, Louisiana 7 1 4 1 8
Dear Ms. Goston: I
Your letter of February 1, 1 9 9 3 , to the Department of

Agriculture, was referred to the Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Land Management, for reply.
Claims from land grants made by the King of Spain in the area
known as the Louisiana Purchase, prior t o that area coming under
French ownership and subsequent sale to the United States, were
settled through a variety of court cases. The land in the area,
known as the Louisiana Purchase, was sold and transferred into
private ownership in compliance with the applicable laws. The
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, has no
jurisdiction over privately owned land.
We hope this letter answers your questions. Please contact us if

you need further information or assistance.
-
Sincerely,
Denise P. Meridith -
State Director
cc: Gordon H. Small

The Newsstar Saturday. M x c h 6, 1953
Espy suspends pending FmHA foreclosures

W A S H I N G T O N (AP) - Agri- indellendent panel t o r5view the ,wid:. "We'ie !ooking at [he other
culture S e c r e t a v blike Espy said pending foreclosures. wbich will de- n , ~ n ~ i e r3r.d
: !lying to dccid: how'
Friday h e is suspending foredo- t e r n ~ i n e ' y h e t h e rall Fm&\ t\rcc;- m:n: ci r j o i e can k,e h:ld u? at this
sures against Farmers H o m e Ad- .dure; were followed in the decision ?tint:' ke said.
ministration borrowers, if the ac- to.foreclose.
lions have nor yet been referred t o i ; o l b \ spokesman Joc O'Neill E~J..iric! he has i ~ : , l% e r i jt3re
saiu nearly 3.600 farm loreclosures ~ r r , t i . iol'lice :o sus?cnd !it [ore.
E : c ~said h e would ap?oinr a n are pending with his agency n ~ t i o n - i!ciars csses imrnedlnielv.
RETURN OF THE ANCIENT O N E 5
We are one people,one nation The Ancient people have this
many tribe8,full of spirit.& day the pleasure of annouqr-
historical culture with many ing their return to rule and
traditions of religious or* govern themselve on their o-
gn that date back to pre-his wn land sitting on their own
-story time.We all have been under their own vine silking
the foundation of what is on their own corn,claiming the-
our land today.We gather our ir own-culture for themselv-
people togather to meet with es.We have been robbed,raped
our fellomen ,our extended, and plundered also strip off
and royal family the CHERO- to our bare nezkness to that
KEE NATION TO HELP THEM OUR so called christian world's
BROTHERS AND SISTERS TO NOW wants and needs to promote a
CELEBRATE THIS 150 YEAR HEM- feeling of superior civilize
ORIAI. TO A FUTURE L1FETIME.A false feeling of being bett-
BOND OF TOGETHERNES FOR EVER er than ue.We now rise up in
AND EVER. numbers together to the this-
We bring LOVE,PEACE,AND LAND GREAT OCCASION TO WELCOME A
TO OUR PEOPLE.We bring HOPE, PR0PBESY':"THE RETURN OF THE
GRACE AND FAITH of redempti- ANCIENT 0NEs"~irnehas brouq-
on of our property,our land ht about a change.No longer,
and natural resources for a no longer will we sell or it
better life now and to that can be said that we sold our
endless that we have long a- land or the rights of our e-
go hoped for,that can be se- xtended families.THE EARTH,
en as a reality. TESTIFY.IN OUR BEHALF.
\
LET US FOREVER DWELL TOGETHER IN UNITY,UNDER THAT "GREAT
SPIRIT"THAT ENERGIZE THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE IN UNITY.
WE WELCOMED YOU TO OUR LAND,WE CLOTHED YOU,WE FED YOU,WE
WARMED YOU AND YOUR BITE WAS POISON TO US.WE HAVE SUFFER
-ED'AND IS NOW HEALED OFF YOUR WOUNO.WE HAVE RETURNED,WE
LEARNED TOUR TONGUE,BY WHICH YOU STOLE OUR LAND.WITH THE
TONGUE THAT YOU HAVE TAUGHT US AN0 THE LAW THAT YOU HAVE
BROUGHT US,ON THIS FOUNDATION :WE MAKE OUR RECLAMATION.1
NOW PROCLAIM FOREVERUTHE RETURN OF THE ANCIENT ONES"
By.Verdiacee"Tiari"Washitaw-Turner G0ston;EMpRESS of The
WASHITAW de DUGDAHMOUNDYAH
LONG LIVE ALL THE NATIONS OF ANCIENT PEOPLE AS A WITNESS
Berkley's Prophesy Relating To
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
We do not know how Mr. Berkley was inspired. What we do know

is an ass can speak if the purpose i s necessary. Even the old rock can
cry out and reveal interesting facts. Whethgr we was a saint or a
sinner, we dare not guess. The wicked ones know the truth and
tremble and fear. We know why Berkley penned these words.
'Westward the course of the Empire takes its way.

The first four Acts already past
The fifth shall close the drama with the day.
Time's noblest offspring i s the last"
"No nobility is claimed here. The Empire i s created on love. It's

power is relinquished to love. It's seal i s the greatest seal of love.
Love covers all faults and bares all commandments on it's wings. Its
sets the Empire of this Ancient People free."
The Empress; from her twenty plus years of research, has laid it out
before us, that we may get a full understanding of how and why the
LOUISIANA PURCHASE is illegal ... And how God sparedand Ancient
Black Remnant to make his divine plan of the ages known to this
generation. That's not Mr. Berkley. It will benefit us all to take a closer
look at what is called the discover of America. And what is called the
LOUISIANA PURCHASE.
Read our Bibles and take a closer look at the prophesy, even the
Berkley Prophesy. Amen.
REFERENCE
The Bible is the oldest book known to man. It is the first source of
reference. The second kjnd of reference i s human. A man named
Charlie Walker, whom we called Grant because his age was an
uncountable one.
Uncle Abe Walker was an old man. Uncle Abe died at ninety-five.
Grant's baby son; there had been twelve more sons and eight
daughters. Grant had been an old man when Uncle Abe was born and
he out lived Uncle Abe; over five years. He claimed to be 150 years
old. They gave him 130 at his death. I'm sure Grant was the oldest
man of this century. He said he was a DOUSTONIAN/WASHITAW and
we were pure WASHITAW'S, " 'cept tin a little taint by the de' o Maison
\
Rouge," he would say.
Grant made his circuit every month u p to the Mound to pray. He

did not have a religion. He had a Spirit His children were from the
Camp Ground and Bright Water Church; Methodist.
My grandmother's aunt was my next reference facts. Aunt Frances

Richardson was 128 years old to her count. Her daughter who wanted
to be young said she was about 118, but that could not be the truth, as
my grandmother died at 116 and my Aunt Frances helped t o rear my
grandmother, when my great grandmother Mahalia, the daughter of
Lulia died. Other references came from the others like, Susanna and
Alice Garrison, Suzie G. Hill, now still alive at 108 years old.
The other references have been backed by their old books, birth
records, marriage records, archive records and different archaeologist
reports, scraps of information left, found among my people's
belongings, or their sayings and signs. All folks have a bit of truth i n
them. You have to sift it for that bit of truth and piece it together with
the facts you do have to see if it fits. If it doesn't fit, discard it. I do
know where other references are located, but do not have the
resources to get it from across the oceans.
The evidence here out weighs critical views and hypocritical doubt.
The topics herein or under subjects are soon to come following a book
on the Races and Traces of man. Book #1 ... THE R€llJRN OF THE
ANCIENT ONES. Book #2 ... THE RACE AND TRACE OF MAN. Book
#3 ... THE ROUTE OF THE BLACK MAN. Book #4 ... MY UFE AND MY
LOVE.
If I write anymore it will be Bible complements only. Writing is a
gift. If the spirit doesn't give anything, there is nothing to write. The
spirit I have witnessed in this book and while I gathered all the
references. I now know that, only pure Ancient Ones live this long.
As our witness herein, also one Henry Daniel traveled from New
York on the airplane to Monroe, Louisiana which he called the
WASHITAW of DUGDAHMOUNDYAH to g;ve his own testimony at the
age of 98, alone. Harvey K. Vivian traveled twice from Paris, California
t o Monroe, Louisiana to bring references and proof first handed from
his mother, Delphia and my grandmottfer. If you cannot believe these
true and living witnesses, stop digging up dry bones that cannot talk.
RETURN OF THE ANCJENT ONES
- OPEN LETTER -
TO:
My son, my family and the general public. Let every one be a lie, and
God be true is my advise for the world. He has preserved many
records i n the sands, the seas, the rocks and most of all... i n the
Mounds for a falling generation to read in a tongue we can all
understand. Only God could have been the artist painting on rocks
and mountains none other could reach, that has lasted forever. He
designed the finger pointing to heaven from a rock. He preserved the
fallen trees and fat of the land into coal and fossils. He bound u p the
seals of heaven and earth and the waters from the waters. He
designed the life of all living, whether i n earth, in heaven, i n the air or
down in the waters. He gave us life to reproduce. He gave his own
begotten son that we may return to him in perfection, without
corruption. He is the one and only Great Spirit that is the very
beginning and the ending.
I am His. He gave His Son for me and to me. You are included i n the
only Free Gift to mankind, everything else is with a price. The world
has nothing to offer you except destruction. Please! The letter the
Creator has written to you is an everlasting creating. You owe it to
yourself to forget all religions except His true religion, Love. Love Him
with everything you have in you and around you and let it extend to all
of your neighbors here and everywhere. Did you know the saints will
judge the fallen angels who came down and had children by the
daughters of man? Can we be deserving? Who will be able to stand?
Only those who read and understand enough that the same will obey.
That is our only answer to His letter. Ple7;e let me help you to answer.
Witb 1'' of my love, .

-rn,.vesr '. erdiacee "Tiari Washitaw r'urner Goston
CHEROKEE NATION \vllma P.Mankiller
Principal Chief
Po. BOX 9UI Tahlcquah. OWa. 7446.5- (91.31 4560671 Xlhn A. Kelcher
D q x l l y Chief
July 3 0 , 1 9 9 3
Empress Verdiacee liari Washitaw-Turner Ghoston

Nation Wishitaw Of DUG DAH MOUND WAH
Columbia
P.O. Box 1 5 0 9
VIA US Postal Zip 71418
Dear Empress Ghoston:

\
No greater or more opportrrne time h&,existed in our history than the present
to come together and deliver our m d e s collectively to the rest of mankind.
I
We are currently organizing a very special event a s a forum for this purpose.
Scheduledfor September 1993, the eventcommemorates the 150thAnniver-
sary of an 1 8 4 3 Inemational Indian Council that was orgariized by the
Principal Chief of the Cherokees.
The original 1 8 4 3 International Lndian Council tookplace here inTahlequah,

Oklahoma. Eighteen (18) Tribes from throughout the Western Hemisphere,
two-hundred eighteen (218) Delegates and over four-thousand (4,000)
amndees joined togetherto renew friendships and peace between ournations
and adopt international resolutions.
Our effort to organize this event once again among our Native Peoples is a
message of paramount importance to non-Indian peoples throughout the
world and not merely a side note to contemporary history of interest only to
ourselves and to scholars.
Our cultures, governments, medicine and religion have provided the best
foundations for modem society in law, civil rights, human relations and
survival far in advance of Lndoeuropean culture.
Together a s sovereign nations, we will have the opportunity during this event
to record and discuss with distinguished panelists global issueslike ethnwide,
genocide, reclaiming our lands, and protection of our lan y a g e s and culbres.
The closing of the 1843-1993InternationalIndian Council will be marked bythe
signing of two (2) proclamations; a proclamation will be adopted and presented
to the United Nations and world communities in this "Year Of Indigenous
Peoples,' calling on them to recognize and acknowledge the contributions and
importance of Indian Nations in the world hnily. And finally, a new proclama-
6on of Friendship and Peace among the tribes attending the event will be
promulgated.
Leaders and delegates from every Indian Nation are being called upon to join us
in order, to sIiare our cultures, renew friendships and recreate the spirit and
bidition of the original 1843 International Indian Council.
You are invited to send a delegation which includes: tribal government

representatives, a triial translator and a cultural representative in the areas of
& d i t i d dance, songs or arts.
'Your presence as a representative of a great 2nd sovereign Indian Nation is

khportantand will honor us. I look forward towelcor&gyou to the 1843-1993
Infernational
*
Indian Council.
Cherokee Nation
. ' . I&-1993 International Indian Council
Events
P.S. Additional ir;formation on the 1843-1993International Indian Council is

enclosed.

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t TURN

The Stste OfLorlisil~rrlz

THE WASHITAW FILE

Copyright 1 993 Washitaw Publishing Company

Assisting in the Distribution

Anzzlrru Ptiblishing Company

t No part of this manuscript may be reproduced, stored in retrieval

t -THE WASHITAW FILES- 9

My Only Son: Mr. Fredrlx Joe Washington

Grandchildren: Fredrlx N. Washlngton

Daughter In Law: Georgla DeAnn Washlngton

Slsters: Matllds Frances Butler

Brother: lsom Joe Turner Washington

Nephews: Alburn Charles Gray II

Nieces: Annle Laverne Waahlngton

Grand Nephews: Alburn Charles Gray Ill

Grand Nleces: .Cathern Evelyn Rlley

The descendants of Annle Turner Washington and Fred Houston Washlngton.

CHAPTER SIX PAGE 43

CHAPTER EIGHT PAGE 95

CkUWEFl NINE PAGE 117

CHlWIER TEN PAGE 129

C m R TWELVE PAGE 149

CHAPTER SOCTEEN - PAGE 223

CtiAPlERSEWNTEEN PAGE 345

CHAPlEFi EIGHTEEN PAGE 361

1 cHA&EFim PAGE 387

CHAPTWl TWENN-ONE PAGE 391

CHAPTEU TWENN-THREE PAGE 407

CHAPTER TWENlY-FOUR PAGE 415

CHAPTER IWEHIY-FIVE A PAGE 421

The most outstanding reference is the Bible. Naturai history and

We feel that a remnant can do justice to a great work that has

Lewis and Clark said we were here when an exploration was

Empress Verdiacee "Tiara" Washitaw-Turner Goston

Cllnt D. Nelson Bey

Thls book, RENF\N OF THE ANCIEHT ON&, must b e read by everyone,

I had gone to school in U t t l e Rock Monroe was not for us for

"Grrr," the demolition truck screeched it's wheels. It was someone

WRh my baggage tightly secured to the headache's rall over the

He was llke a chlld soaking up Informdon. Thls blg hame of

tnuscles wanted an education and R show&. Ignorance We8 a

It became politically powerful and later notorlous for terror,

No1 I t Is not glven to mankind to tell the whole truth wWout

Now \ M e slck, half starved, Dlego couldnY by no means, pllot i3

Piew El NegrHo. That Is Peter the nlgger. The pllot or navigator

It was Pletro or Peter's arrow. He had found the washed ashore

Why was H not Included In hls-story? Your gueas is as good as

What Mr. Columbus got was a welcome and hospitality. Now,

We do not want to dwell to much on Mr. Columbus' voyage, as he

*Guacanagarl would no( go tb ma& the e h l p bu! r6.cluldy W e d

No redmen bowed to Columbus when he reached these ahoras.

The houses thatched with vegetation were for the summer

She was sure enough black, even more cagy. ~ h n d m o t h ewas

The planned vlsit and secret conversatfon w u l d never be made.

DELPHI KlMM WASHINGTON-WASHITAW

shewanted it revived as a memorial for a people of her native

.M. E EMPRESS: A s ~ s c kCajun ~ uwn

It was like same klnd of horror movie. I talked to Dr. ~ e r ; r yJones