The document discusses different types of solutions including aqueous, non-aqueous, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of a solution including molarity, molality, percent composition, normality, and formality.
The document discusses different types of solutions including aqueous, non-aqueous, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of a solution including molarity, molality, percent composition, normality, and formality.
The document discusses different types of solutions including aqueous, non-aqueous, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of a solution including molarity, molality, percent composition, normality, and formality.
The document discusses different types of solutions including aqueous, non-aqueous, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of a solution including molarity, molality, percent composition, normality, and formality.
In chemistry, a solution is a The mixing process of a solution
Solution homogenous mixture of two or happens at a scale where the more substances in relative effects of chemical polarity are amounts that can be varied involved, resulting in continuously up to what is called interactions that are specific to the limit of solubility. solvation
Solvent Solute
A substance, the substance that
ordinarily a liquid, dissolves in a in which other solvent to produce materials dissolve to a homogeneous form a solution. mixture. Salt Water
Different types of Solution on the bases of water as solvent
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly
Aqueous Solution shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which water is not the solvent. Examples Non - Aqueous of non-aqueous solutions are solutions used in dry cleaning (a solution of ethene in Solution the solvent dichloromethane). A solid solution is a solution in which a solid is a solvent.
Different types of solutions on the bases of an amount of
solute added.
Saturated A solution, which at a given temperature dissolves as much as solute as it is
Solution capable of dissolving is said to be a saturated solution.
Unsaturated When the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation Solution level, the solution is said to be an unsaturated solution.
Supersaturated A solution which contains more of the solute than required to make a saturation Solution solution is called supersaturated solution. Different types of solutions on the bases of an amount of solvent added.
Concentated A Concentrated solution has a large amount of solute added to the given solvent to Solution give concentrated solutions.
Dilute It is a solution having a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent is
Solution called Dilute Solutions.
Different types of solutions on the bases of an amount of
concentration of solute in two solutions
A hypertonic solution is a particular type of solution that has a greater
Hypertonic concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a Solution cell.
Hypotonic A hypotonic solution is a solution that has a lower solute concentration compared Solution to another solution.
If the medium has exactly the same water concentration as the cell, there will be Isotonic no net movement of water across the cell membrane. Such a solution is known as an Solution isotonic solution.
Expressing Expressing concentrations concentrations - There are a number of ways to express the relative amounts of solute and solvent in a solution. This page describes calculations for four different units used to express concentration
- The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.
Concentrated Dilute Solution soolution
A concentrated solution is one A dilute solution is one that
that has a relatively large has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute. amount of dissolved solute.
Diluted Concentrated Ways of expressing concentration Normality
Number of gram equivalent of solute
( Substance ) dissolved in one liter Gram equivalent Weight of solute ( 1000 ml) of the solution is called Normality. N No. of Replacement H + & OH Normality is indicated by (N)
Molarity
The number of moles of solute (Substance) Number of moles of solute
dissolved in one liter (1000 mL) of the solution M is called Molarity. Molarity is indicated by (M) 1000 mL of Solution - 1 gm in 1000 ml = 1 mol.
Molality
A molal solution contains 1 mole of solute per Number of mol. Wt. of substance one kilogram of solution (1 lit. of solvent) is M 1000 gm of Solution (1 kg) called Molality. Molality is indicated by M.
Percent Solution
Percent W/W Weight of solute/ Weight of Solution x 100
Sometimes the concentration is expressed in terms of percent ( parts per hundred) also. Percent V/V Volume of solute/ Volume of Solution x 100 Percent composition of a solution can be Percent W/V Weight of solute/ Volume of Solution x 100 expressed by:
Formality
The number of mass in grams present per liter of Formality Weight of solute (gm) 1 solution. In case, formula mass is equal to molecular mass, formality is equal to molarity. Like molarity and Formula weight of solute x Volume of solutions normality, the formality is also dependent on w 1 F .(i) 1 temperature. It is used for ionic compounds in which f V (L) there is no existence of a molecule. A mole of ionic F nf) .(iii) w 100 V (L) compounds is called formal and molarity as the F .(ii) f V (mL) formality.
Parts per million (PPM)
Frequently employed to express the mass of solute
concentration of very dilute solutions and is ppm 10^6 mass of solution express as ppm.
