DAILY ASSESSMENT EXPLANATION TEXT/ XI

TUESDAY, APRIL 28th, 2020

You have to submit it on April 29th, 2020 (maximum date)

A. Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D, or E!

The following text is for questions 1 to 3.

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire, or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering
and loss of a large sum of money. The causalities are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical
care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or stream overflow their banks and pour out into the surrounding land.
Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief time can cause a flood. But
not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is fl at and can absorb the water, no flooding
will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river
may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many parts of the world floods are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive
winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to the surrounding land can
be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad
tracks and buckles are uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people
formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well
or river. They passed buckets of water from hand to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single
house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being
controlled.

1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

A. An absorbent bed

B. A rocky surrounding

C. A low land

D. A high bank

E. A high road

2. We know from the text that ....

A. River can sweep heavy flood

B. People can make money from flood

C. The destruction by flood is always less severe

D. Water flood is absorbed by land directly

E. Typhoons caused heavy flood

3. We know from the text that ....

A. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now

B. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently

C. Fires in big cities are always very big

D. People no longer use buckets to control fire

E. Only firemen can control fires in crowded cities

The following text is for questions 4 to 7.

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like
a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity
of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as
they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and
damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be
an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches
shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

4. Tsunami happens because ....

A. The displaced rock pushes water above it

B. A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly

C. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source

D. The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach

E. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean

5. What are the impacts of tsunami?

A. The part of the Earth’s crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor down to the land

B. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as flooding and loss of lives

C. A tsunami is a very large sea wave which is not generated by a disturbance a long the ocean floor

D. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean

E. Once tsunami reaches shallow water, the wave never grows very large

6. We understand from the text that tsunami ....

A. Causes the movement of earth

B. Forms a new shape of coastline

C. Makes unfortunate event

D. Rises a new coastal land

E. Displaces rocks to land

7. “... producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface.” The synonym of the underlined word is....

A. Fast

B. Deep

C. Quick

D. Strong

E. Weak
The following text is for question 8.

Water pollution has been increasing at a worrying rate. If consumed in a contaminated state, it may prove fatal to
both – human beings and the environment. Let us find out how this pollution affects the ecological balance and poses
a threat to our lives. First, it is agricultural pollution. Excess fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides used for agricultural
procedures often get discharged in water bodies right from streams to lakes and seas. Another way water pollution
happens is mining activities. During mining, the rock strata is crushed with the help of heavy equipment on a large
scale. These rocks are often composed of sulfides and heavy metals, which when combined with water from sulfuric
acid and other harmful pollutants. Next, it happens through the so-called sewage water. The leftover or excess water
that is left after carrying out domestic and industrial activities is called sewage water which consists of a lot of
chemicals, and is left untreated. People flushing medicines and other chemical substances down the toilet has been a
cause of concern for the developed countries today. Also, the burning of fossil is another source.

8. The main idea of the text is ....

A. The level of water pollution is determined by its pollutant

B. There are different ways for water to be polluted

C. Most water around us is heavily polluted

D. Water pollution takes different forms

E. Water pollution happens every where

The following text is for questions 9 to 12.

All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, so do all other animals. Perhaps you wonder
where all that chemical energy comes from. Why doesn’t the food all get used up?

The answer is that new food is being grown as fast as old food is used to. It is the green plants that form the new
food. Animals either eat the plants or eat other animals that have eaten plants.

The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight. When it does so, it changes the energy
of the sun into chemical energy. The chemical energy present in sunlit chlorophyll is used to combine dioxide in the
air with water from the soil. Starch and other complicated compounds are formed. These are high in chemical energy
obtained from the sunlit chlorophyll.

They make up the food on which mankind and all other animals live. In the process of forming this food, some oxygen
atoms are left over. These are given off into the air by the plants. The whole process is called photosynthesis.

Thus, plants use sunlight to from food and oxygen to from carbon dioxide and water again. Plants change the sun’s
energy into chemical energy. And animals change the animal energy into kinetic and heat energy.

9. The text is about ....

A. The process of changing chemical energy

B. The formation of carbon dioxide

C. The green substance of plants

D. The process of photosynthesis

E. The use of chemical energy

10. What will happen when the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight? It will ....

A. Change heat into kinetic energy

B. Form complicated compound

C. Make use of heat energy

D. Change kinetic energy into chemical energy

 E. Change the sun’s energy into chemical energy

11. From the text we know that ....

A. Plant need to heat energy to live

B. All human beings need chemical energy

C. Plants absorb sunlight to produce kinetic energy

D. Chlorophyll is the most important thing in photosynthesis

E. Sun’s energy cannot be formed into kinetic energy

12. The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. The underlined word in the above is closest in meaning to ...

A. Core

B. Body

C. Stuff

D. Essence

E. Material

The following text is for question 13.

Globalization has been around for a long time in one shape or another. Trade routes have been operating between
different part of the world since ancient times. Now, globalization has extended into other sectors. However, people
view its merits differently. The followers of globalization believe that productivity grows in countries that open up
their markets and integrate with outside economies as they gain access to wealthy economies where they can sell
their goods and services. Next, lesser developed nations benefit from the increase in investment from foreign
countries both financially and through jobs. Finally, through globalization, countries can specialize more in what they
produce and what they do best. The opponents of globalization have their views, first, wages and working conditions
everywhere are pushed downwards as companies gravitate towards countries where the wages are the lowest and
the workers’ rights are the worst. In addition, the environment suffers, as production moves to places where they
have less strict rules and regulations about controlling pollution and deforestation. Most seriously, globalization
undermines national sovereignties and national governments as individual countries become increasingly at the
mercy of international markets, and multinational corporations grow more powerful and influential.

13. How can globalization potentially damage environment?

A. Production of good pays little attention to natural balances

B. Foreign investment tends to put heavy economic benefit

C. Lands of developing countries are excessively cultivated

D. Irresponsibly mutational factories dump the sewage

E. Industries tend to occupy areas with weak laws

The following text is for question 14 to 16.

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. In the sense of “flowing water”, the world may
also be applied to inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a
river or lake, which overflows or break levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its unusual boundaries.

While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and show melt, it is not
a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man like a village, city or other inhabited
area.

Floods can also occur in rivers, when fl ow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or
meanders. Flood often causes damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers.
While flood damage van be virtually eliminated by moving away from and other bodies of water, since time out of
mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek the sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and
easy travel and commerce by being near water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is
evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding.

14. What should people do to avoid the loss of their business caused by the flood?

A. Live and work by the body of water

B. Place in natural flood plains of rivers

C. Inhabit the areas threatened by flood damage

D. Move away from rivers and other bodies of water

E. Seek substance and benefit from cheap and easy travel commerce

15. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. People do not live by the river for some reasons

B. Floods can be found at every bend and meander of a river

C. It is wise for people to leave the flood areas for the safety reason

D. Floods happen when rivers fl ow over their capacity of waterway

E. People prefer abandon the areas near the river because of the threat of floods

16. “……..,it is not significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man…..” (paragraph 2)
The underline word is closest in meaning to….

A. Ordinary

B. Intensive

C. Sufficient

D. Important

E. Expensive

The following text is for question 17 to 20.

A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5
meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.

These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When
the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling
waves that will become a tsunami.

Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire," a geologically active area where
tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.

Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. They may even be launched, as they
frequently were in Earth's ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite plunging into an ocean.

Tsunami race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour — about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace
they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they lose
very little energy along the way.

A tsunami's trough, the low point beneath the wave's crest, often reaches shore first. When it does, it produces a
vacuum effect that sucks coastal water seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors. This retreating of sea water is an
important warning sign of a tsunami, because the wave's crest and its enormous volume of water typically hit shore
five minutes or so later. Recognizing this phenomenon can save lives.
A tsunami is usually composed of a series waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may be compounded as
successive waves reach shore. People experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed
with the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to return to vulnerable locations.

Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that
inundates coastal areas.

17. Why did the author write the report?

A. To raise people' awareness about tsunami.

B. To warn people about an upcoming tsunami.

C. To inform people about past tsunamis.

D. To inform people about the different types of tsunami.

E. To warn people about the dangers of tsunami.

18. Tsunamis are usually the result of ...

A. The sudden rise or fall of ocean floors

B. Pacific Oceans "Ring of Fire"

C. The awe-inspiring waves

D. Volcanoes

E. Landslides

19. From the text, we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...

A. They come after earthquakes

B. They are caused by volcanic eruptions

C. They are tall, fast, forceful and repetitive

D. They have a vacuum effect

E. They occur suddenly

20. "Some tsunami does not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide
that inundates coastal areas." (Paragraph 8) The underlined word is closest in meaning to ...

A. Floods

B. Covers

C. Fills

D. Attacks

E. Submerges
B. Answer the following questions clearly and correctly.

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away.
Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be
recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using
new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution
alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The
most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected
and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant
where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen
blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large
vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried
and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into
paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of
paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper
saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

1. What is the text tell about?

2. Mention 3 things that can be recycled.
3. Mention 3 benefits of recycling.
4. What is the third step of recycling paper products?
5. Mention 3 paper Products that can be recycled.
6. Give your explanation about the language features use in the text above.
7. Translate the following sentence into Indonesian:
a. Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month.
b. In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than
using new materials.
8. Give the general structure of the text above.
9. What tense does the text mostly use?
10. Mention the Action verbs found in the text.

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