C215 Disc 1-3 (W18) - AK

Discussion 1: Measurements & Dimensional Analysis
1. How many significant figures are in each number?

a) 346 3 b) 346.0 4 c) 0.004269 4
d) 1.3043 5 e) 0.03090 4 f) 340 2
2. Perform the calculation with the correct sig figs:

a) 62.8 × 34 = 2135.2 = 2100
b) 0.147 + 0.0066 + 0.012 = 0.1656 = 0.166
c) 15 – 0.15 – 0.1155 = 14.7345 = 15
d) (2.998×108) ÷ (6.8×1014) = 4.4088×10-7 = 4.4×10-7
e) (82.5 – 7.4) / 45.135 = 75.1/45.135 = 1.663897 = 1.66
3. Convert the following:

a) 200.5 m to km = 0.2005 km
b) 0.00563 kg to mg = 5.63 g = 5630 mg
c) 360.62 cm to m = 3.6062 m
4. Express the following in exponential form:

a) 200.5 m = 2.005×102 m
b) 0.00560 kg = 5.60×10-3 kg (notice how the units don’t change)
c) 36.62 cm = 3.662×101 cm
5. How many significant figures are in each value?

a) 3.46×102 (3) b) 3.460×102 (4) c) 4.2069×10-3 (5)
6. a) What is the volume of a cube with 1.8 cm long sides in cm3? and in L?
1.8cm × 1.8cm × 1.8cm = 5.832 cm3 = 5.8 cm3
5.8 cm3 = 5.8 mL = 0.0058 L
b) The mass of that cube is 0.0528 kg, what is its density in g/cm3? The cube is
made of one of the substances in the table. Which one?
0.0528 kg = 52.8 g
density = 52.8 g / 5.8 cm3 = 9.1 g/cm3 copper
7. Use the provided conversion factors to convert the following:

a) convert 62.5 inches to feet (12 in = 1 ft)
62.5 in × (1 ft / 12 in) = 5.21 ft (conversion factor has infinite sig figs)
b) convert 12.28 miles to km (1.61 km = 1 mile)

12.28 miles × (1.61 km / 1 mile) = 19.77 km (conversion factor has infinite sig figs)
Discussion 2: Atoms & Molecules
1. Write the atomic symbol for each of the following atoms:
133
(a) an atom with a 1+ charge, atomic number 55, and mass number 133 Cs+
127 –
(b) an atom with 54 electrons, 53 protons, and 74 neutrons I
70
(c) an atom of Ge that has lost 2 electrons and has 38 neutrons Ge2+
2. Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in each of the following:
(a) 2H+ 1 proton, 1 neutron, 0 electrons
36 −
(b) 17___ Cl, 17 protons, 19 neutrons, 18 electrons
(c) 79Se 34 protons, 45 neutrons, 34 electrons
3. An element has two stable isotopes: Isotope #1 has a mass of 10.013 amu & a natural abundance of 19.90%
Isotope #2 has a mass of 11.009 amu
What is the average atomic mass? What element is it?
(note that the sum of the natural abundances = 100%)
Isotope 2 abundance = 100% - 19.90% = 80.10%
avg atomic mass = 10.013×0.1990 + 11.009×0.8010 = 1.993 + 8.818 = 10.810796
should have 5 sig figs → 10.811 amu it’s Boron
23
4. There are 6.022×10 atoms in 1 mole. How many atoms of C are in 2.4 mol of C?
2.4 mol×(6.022×1023 atoms/ mol ) = 1.4×1024 atoms
5. Convert 3.2×1024 atoms of phosphorus to moles. (3.2×1024 atoms)÷(6.022×1023 atoms/ mol ) = 5.3 mol
6. Determine the empirical formulas for the following:
(a) H 2 C 2 O 4 → HCO 2 (b) C 3 H 6 → CH 2 (c) C 2 H 3 → C2 H3
7. Determine the molecular formula for & name the ionic compound formed from each set of
elements/polyatomic ions:
(a) Mg & Cl → Mg2+ + Cl– → MgCl 2 magnesium chloride
(b) Na & sulfate → Na+ + SO 4 2– → Na 2 SO 4 sodium sulfate
(c) Al3+ & O → Al3+ + O2– → Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide

does not need the roman numerals
(d) Na & Br → Na+ + Br– → NaBr sodium bromide
(e) Fe (which has lost 3 electrons) & nitrate → Fe3+ + NO 3 – → Fe(NO 3 ) 3 iron (III)
nitrate
8. Harder average atomic mass problem (like #4). Potassium (K) has two stable isotopes: Isotope #1 has a
mass of 38.96 amu and Isotope #2 has a mass of 40.96 amu. What are the abundances of each isotope?
K has an avg atomic mass of 39.098 amu
isotope 1 abundance = x isotope 2 abundance = y x+y=1 → y=1-x
39.098 amu = 38.96x + 40.96y = 38.96x + 40.96(1-x) = 38.96x + 40.96 – 40.96x
= -2x + 40.96
–2x = 39.098 – 40.96 = –1.862
x = 1.862/2 = 0.931 Abundances = 93.10% (isotope 1) & 6.90% (isotope 2)
Discussion 3: Molecular Mass
1. Determine the molecular formula & name of the ionic compound formed from each set of
elements/polyatomic ions:
(a) Li & S Li+ and S2– form Li 2 S, lithium sulfide
(b) Mg & nitrate Mg2+ and NO 3 – form MgNO 3 , magnesium nitrate
(c) Co2+ & N Co2+ and N3- form Co 3 N 2 , cobalt (II) nitride
2. Determine the mass of one molecule of:
(a) C 2 H 6 O 46.07 amu
(b) (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 132.14 amu
(c) Determine the mass of one mole of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (same compound as in 2b)
132.14 g, same as 2b except in grams
3. How many molecules are in each of the following?
(a) 2.3 mol of HCl
3.2×1024 molecules
(b) 15 g of Fe 2 O 3
0.09393 mol = 5.6×1022 molecules
4. A chunk of Fe 2 O 3 has 238 g of oxygen. hat is the total mass of the Fe 2 O 3 in kg?
𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑶𝑶 𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 𝑶𝑶𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒈𝒈 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 𝑶𝑶𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒈𝒈 𝑶𝑶 × � �×� �×� � = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒈𝒈 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒈𝒈 𝑶𝑶 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑶𝑶 𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 𝑶𝑶𝟑𝟑
5. What is the percent composition of
(a) H 2 O 88.8% O & 11.2% H
(b) Mg(OH) 2 molar mass = 58.319 g/mol
41.7% Mg, 3.46% H & 54.9% O
6. A compound is 22.2% oxygen, 12.6% nitrogen, 16.0% hydrogen and 49.2% carbon. How many grams of
nitrogen are in 142.684 g of the compound?
142.684 × 0.126 = 17.978184 = 18.0 g N
7. A new dye has a percent composition of 75.95% C, 17.72% N, and 6.33% H by mass with a molar mass of
about 240 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the dye.
Assume 100g: 75.95 g C = 6.32 mol C; 17.72 g N = 1.265 mol N; 6.33 g H = 6.28 mol H
C 6.32 N 1.265 H 6.28 = C 4.996 N 1 H 4.964 = C 5 NH 5
C 5 NH 5 is the empirical formula and has an empirical formula mass of 79.102
N = 240 / 79.102 = 3.03 = 3
Molecular Formula = C 15 N 3 H 15

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Discussion 1: Measurements & Dimensional Analysis

1. How many significant figures are in each number?

d) 1.3043 5 e) 0.03090 4 f) 340 2

2. Perform the calculation with the correct sig figs:

b) 0.147 + 0.0066 + 0.012 = 0.1656 = 0.166

c) 15 – 0.15 – 0.1155 = 14.7345 = 15

d) (2.998×108) ÷ (6.8×1014) = 4.4088×10-7 = 4.4×10-7

e) (82.5 – 7.4) / 45.135 = 75.1/45.135 = 1.663897 = 1.66

3. Convert the following:

b) 0.00563 kg to mg = 5.63 g = 5630 mg

4. Express the following in exponential form:

b) 0.00560 kg = 5.60×10-3 kg (notice how the units don’t change)

5. How many significant figures are in each value?

7. Use the provided conversion factors to convert the following:

b) convert 12.28 miles to km (1.61 km = 1 mile)

(b) Na & sulfate → Na+ + SO 4 2– → Na 2 SO 4 sodium sulfate

(c) Al3+ & O → Al3+ + O2– → Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide

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