WCDMA/UMTS Overview WCDMA/UMTS Overview: Prepared by Ahmad Dedi Affandi Ericsson AB Sudan Ericsson AB Sudan

WCDMA/UMTS Overview
WCDMA/UMTS Overview
Prepared by Ahmad Dedi Affandi
Ericsson AB Sudan
Ericsson AB Sudan
EAB/SD Ahmad Dedi Affandi
Introduction
WCDMA
• WCDMA
WCDMA or Wideband Code Divison Multiple Access
Wid b d C d Di i M lti l A
is one of the radio access technologies use in the
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
• Standardization of UMTS were done inside 3GPP
(Third Generation Partnership Project)
(Third Generation Partnership Project)
• WCDMA in this presentation means WCDMA FDD
unless otherwise stated
3G Air Interface Standards
3G Air Interface Standards
3GPP Standardization Bodies
3GPP Standardization Bodies
ARIB
Japan 3GPP2
ETSI
W k
Work
Europe Third
Standard
Generation Regional
TTC Organizations
g
P t
Partnership
hi M k t
Markets
Japan i.e. ITU
Project
TTA Spec’s Standards
Korea
ANSI T1 CCSA
USA China
What does 3G mean?
What does 3G mean?
• Mobile
Mobile system delivers up to 2 Mbps bandwidth
system delivers up to 2 Mbps bandwidth
depending on the mobility:
(64 Kbps, 384 Kbps (FDD), 2 Mbps(TDD)) per
subscriber
• Islands within GSM networks at the beginning
• Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
– Deliver the same working environment for the
subscriber everywhere
3G and GSM
3G and GSM
Z
Zone 4: Global
4 Gl b l
Satellite
Zone 3: Suburban Zone 2: Urban
Zone 1: In‐Building
Pico‐Cell
Micro‐Cell
Macro‐Cell
MSS
GSM UTRA/FDD UTRA/TDD
3G and GSM
3G and GSM
2 G limitations 3 G requirements
• Data transmission limited • Higher data transmission rates
¾ Rate 9.6 kb/s
Rate 9.6 kb/s ¾ Full coverage and mobility
with 144Kb/s up to 384
¾ Short message service Kb/s
¾ Circuit switching ( before ¾ Limited coverage and
GPRS) mobility with 2Mb/s
bilit ith 2Mb/
• Not adapted for new services ¾ Circuit‐Packet Switching
• Large number of 2G systems => • Flexible to introduce new services
l k f
lack of compatibility
tibilit (Video streaming)
(Video streaming)
• World wide roaming
• Better spectrum efficiency
Data Rates
Data Rates
2M
384 K
115 K
to 171 K
57.6 K
9.6 K
GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS

1993 1999 2000 2001 2002
Evolution from 2G to 3G
Evolution from 2G to 3G
Japan PDC
PDC
2001
- UMTS
UMTS*
Europe/A GSM GPRS
GSM GPRS*/EDGE*
GSM GPRS (W-CDMA)
sia
(partly)
2002 TDMA
TDMA
(IS-136)
(IS-136)
America
s CDMA
CDMA One
One
(IS-95-B)
(IS-95-A)
2003/20
CDMA
CDMA CDMA
04 2000 1X*
1X RTT
CDMA
Evolutions*
1X RTT
CDMA
CDMA One
One
(IS-95-A)
(IS-95-A)
2G technologies 2.5G and preliminary 3G technologies

g
3G technologies
(*) packet switched technologies
3G Frequency Bands Worldwide
3G Frequency Bands Worldwide
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2010 MHz
ITU Allocations IMT 2000 IMT 2000

1885 MHz 2025 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz
Europe GSM 1800 DECT

UMTS MSS MSS
UMTS
1880 MHz 1980 MHz 2170 MHz
1850 MHz WLL WLL
MSS
China GSM 1800 IMT 2000 IMT 2000 MSS
1885 MHz 1980 MHz
1885 MHz 1918 MHz
Japan
J PHS
MSS
IMT 2000 MSS
IMT 2000
Korea (w/o PHS)
1895 MHz 2160 MHz
PCS M
North AA D B E F C AA D B E F C
MSS Reserve D
S
America
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

Source: The UMTS Forum
Multiple Access
Multiple Access
• Multiple Access Methods:
u t p e ccess et ods:
– Frequency Division Multiple Access
• One user uses one frequency
– Time Division Multiple Access
• One user’s channel belongs to him
Under a fraction of time and on
Under a fraction of time and on
certain frequency
– Code Division Multiple Access
• Every user is using the same resource
but each user has a code that identifies
its information
ts o at o
WCDMA Operation Mode
WCDMA Operation Mode
• Two operational modes:
p
– Frequency division duplex (FDD)/Time Division Duplex
(TDD)
• UMTS Band of 60 MHz around the 2GHZ Divided
to 12 Channels ‐ BW=5 MHZ
2110 2170
FDD Downlink
1900 1920 1980 2010 2025
TDD FDD Uplink TDD
WCDMA Basic Characteristics
• Wideband‐Code Division Multiple Access
• Duplex schemes:
– Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
– Time Division Duplex(TDD)
Time Division Duplex(TDD)
• Channel Spacing:5MHz on 200kHz raster
• Frequency band:
– FDD:UL:1920‐1980 and DL: 2110‐2170
– TDD:1900‐1920 and 2010‐2025
– Available channels: 12 for FDD and 7 for TDD
• User data rates: up to 2Mbit/s
• Chi
Chip rate: 3.84Mcps
t 3 84M
• Modulation:
– Data modulation: QPSK (Downlink); BPSK (Uplink)
– Spreading modulation: QPSK
Spreading modulation: QPSK
• Frame length:10ms
• Inter‐BS synchronization:
– FDD:Asynchronous
– TDD:Synchronous (GPS or common clock)
• Soft Handover
• Power versus Capacity
– Capacity limited by interference rather than number of channels
• Fast power control
– 1500Hz power control. GSM’s power control rate is 2Hz. This in order
to reduce the near far effect
to reduce the near‐far effect.
• Spread spectrum technique:
– Information is transmitted at a bandwidth much wider than the
information rate
information rate
• Users are separated by codes.
– Signals from other users would be like noise (interference)
– WCDMA is interference limited (GSM is frequency limited)
s te e e ce ted (GS s eque cy ted)
• Why would spreading the signal be good?
– For a given information rate, the wider the bandwidth for
transmitting the information, the lower the required signal to
transmitting the information, the lower the required signal to
noise ratio would be.
– This means that the wider the bandwidth is, the quality of the
channel can be lower.
– This would also mean that the system is tolerant to interference.
– Information can be transmitted even if the quality is below
noise floor
• Spreading the signal done in two phases:
– Phase 1 by using spreading codes:
– In uplink to separate users and control data
up to sepa ate use s a d co t o data
– In downlink to separate common and dedicated channels in one
cell
– Phase 2 by using scrambling codes
y g g
– In downlink it identifies the cell
– In uplink is identifies the user (call)
• The
The radio planner allocates the scrambling codes for the
radio planner allocates the scrambling codes for the
downlink part
• The system allocates the spreading codes and the
scrambling codes in uplink
scrambling codes in uplink
• Spread Spectrum
– A signal is spread in the spectrum by artificially
i
increasing the modulation rate (chip rate).
i th d l ti t ( hi t )
– By this technique the wider the bandwidth used for
transmitting at a given information rate, the lower the
required signal to noise ratio.
d l
– This is the main advantage of spread spectrum
techniques.
q
– The signal is later despread with the same spreading
signal to retrieve the original signal.
• Processing gain/Spreading Factor
– Processing Gain (G) is defined as
Need for 3G
Need for 3G
z Browsing
z Broadcasting
z P bli hi
Publishing z Desktop
z Entertain‐ computing
ment Information z PC
S i t
Society z PC‐LAN
z Fixed
z Mobility
bl
WCDMA Class Of Services
WCDMA Class Of Services
Conversation Streaming:
g
al:
Video, music...
Voice, video-
phone,
videogames
videogames...
Interactive:
Background:
Web browsing,
shopping
h i E-mails,
E mails files
download...
Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System
Network Architecture
R99 Network
R99 Network
AU
PST Gi
GMSC C GGSN
N PD
PST H
C G N
N HLR c Gn
other
PLMN
D G Gp
G
EIR r
VLR VLR F G
f SGSN
MSC MSC Gs
E
Iu- Iu-
Gb
CS PS
A Iu- Iu-
CS PS
BS RN RN RN RN BS
S BSC S S S BSC
C Iu C
r
Ab Iu Iu Ab
is b b is
Node Node Node Node
BTS BTS BTS BTS
B B B B
UMTS Phase 1 (R 99)
UMTS Phase 1 (R 99)
• Support high bit rate with negotiated QoS,
– particular for bursty and asymmetric traffic
• UTRAN , the UMTS access network,
• GSM 2+ core network as UMTS core network
• Integrated network elements for both CS and PS
• Services:
– Speech, SMS‐PP, SMS‐CB
– Facsimile
– Circuit switched data and packet switched data
– Emergency call
– Telemetry
UMTS Phase 1(UTRAN)
UMTS Phase 1(UTRAN)
• Support set‐up, re‐negotiation and clearing of connections
including traffic policing mechanism like:
– CAC, FC and UPC
• Support Broadcast and Multicast
Support Broadcast and Multicast
• Allow simultaneous bearer services of one mobile termination
• Soft Handover
• Support FDD and TDD UTRA modes for handover
• Position service for determination of the location of the mobile
termination.
termination
UMTS Phase 1UTRAN and GSM BSS
UMTS Phase 1UTRAN and GSM BSS
• Support UMTS or GSM terminals
• Cell selection and paging procedures shall handle
GSM‐BSS, UTRAN and combination of both
• Support bi‐directional handover between GSM‐BSS and UTRAN
Support bi directional handover between GSM BSS and UTRAN
UMTS Phase 1(Core Network)
UMTS Phase 1(Core Network)
• GSM phase 2+
• Support circuit switched data service of at least 64 kbit/s per user
• Support packet switched data service of at least 2 Mbit/s
• Abl
Able to apply traffic policing
l ffi li i
• Point‐to‐multipoint connection
• Interworking with existing networks
Interworking with existing networks
• Providing the VHE concepts, i.e. Camel
UTRAN functions I
UTRAN functions I
• Admission Control
– admit or deny new users to avoid overload situation
• Congestion Control
– monitor, detect and handle a near overload or an overload
i d d h dl l d l d
situation with the already connected users.
• System information broadcasting
– providing mobile station with Access Stratum and Non Access
Stratum Information
• Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
• Handover
• SRNC Relocation
UTRAN Functions II
UTRAN Functions II
• Radio resource configuration and operation
– takes cells and common transport channels into or out of
takes cells and common transport channels into or out of
operation
• Radio environment survey (UE and UTRAN)
• FDD ‐
FDD Macro‐diversity control (UTRAN)
Macro diversity control (UTRAN)
– duplication/replication of information streams to receive or
transmit the same information through multiple physical channels
– combining of information streams generated by a single source,
bi i fi f i db i l
but conveyed via several parallel physical channels.
• Radio bearer connection set‐up and release (UE and RNC)
• Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers (CRNC/SRNC)
• TDD ‐ Dynamic Channel Allocation
UTRAN Functions III
UTRAN Functions III
• RF power control
• Radio channel coding/decoding/control
• Initial access detection and handling
• CN di ib i f
CN distribution function for Non Access Stratum messages
i f N A S
• TDD Timing advance
RNS Architecture
RNS Architecture
UTRAN Architecture
UTRAN Architecture
General Principles for UTRAN
General Principles for UTRAN
• Logical
Logical separation of signalling and data transport
separation of signalling and data transport
networks.
• A full separation of UTRAN and CN functions from
A full separation of UTRAN and CN functions from
the transports functions.
• Full support for macro diversity in UTRAN
Full support for macro diversity in UTRAN‐FDDFDD
• The RNC connection and its mobility is fully
controlled by the UTRAN.
y
RNC Radio Network Controller
RNC ‐ Radio Network Controller
• Control the use and the integrity of the radio resources
g y
• Terminated RANAP, NBAP, RNSAP as well as RRC/RLC/MAC
• The central element of an UMTS
• Three different types of RNC
– CRNC Control RNC from the Node‐B point of view
– SRNC Serving RNC from MS point of view
– DRNC Drift RNC from hand‐over point of view
Main RNC Functions
Main RNC Functions
• Control the use and the integrity of the radio resources
• Terminated RANAP NBAP RNSAP as well as RRC/RLC/MAC
Terminated RANAP, NBAP, RNSAP as well as RRC/RLC/MAC
• The central element of an UMTS
• Admission Control
• Congestion Control
• System information broadcasting
• Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
• Handover
• SRNC Relocation
Node B
Node B
The main functions of Node B:
The main functions of Node B:
• Responsible for transmission and reception in one
or more cells to/from the User Equipment
or more cells to/from the User Equipment
• Terminate the Iub interface, i.e. NBAP
RF power control
• Control a number of cells
RF power control
• Radio channel coding/decoding/control
• Initial access detection and handling
I iti l d t ti d h dli
RAB Capabilities for UTRAN
RAB Capabilities for UTRAN
• One UTRAN is contained in one UMTS network.
• The set‐up
The set up, re
re‐negotiation
negotiation and clearing, of connections.
and clearing of connections
• Negotiation and re‐negotiation of QoS.
• Support for broadcast and multicast applications.
• Support for multiple simultaneous RABs.
• Seamless handover within UTRAN.
• Support for dual mode terminals FDD‐TDD.
• Support for handover TDD‐FDD‐GSM.
• Support for positioning within 50 meters
Support for positioning within 50 meters.
• Support for Localised Service Area (LSA)
• Optimisation of UTRAN radio interface is based on high bit rates, bursty,
asymmetric, both real time and non‐real time capabilities.
• Standardised operation, administration and maintenance protocols co‐operating
with ETSI TMN.
• USIM requirements shall be considered.
UTRAN I t f
UTRAN Interfaces
• Internal interfaces (Iub, Iur)
Internal interfaces (Iub Iur)
• Interfaces to the UE (Uu)
• Core network interface (Iucs/Iups).
Objectives of Iu
Objectives of Iu
• Interconnection of RNCs with Core Network Access Points within a
single PLMN
• Interconnection of RNCs with Core Network Access Points
i
irrespective of the manufacturer of any of the elements.
ti f th f t f f th l t
• Support all UMTS services
• Interworking to GSM
I ki GSM
• Independent evolution of Core, Radio Access and Transport
Networks
• Migration of Services from CS to PS
Functions of Iu
Functions of Iu
• Establishing, maintaining and releasing Radio Access Bearers
• Performing intra‐
P f i i t and inter‐system handover and SRNS relocation
di t t h d d SRNS l ti
• A set of general procedures, not related to a specific UE
• SSeparation of each UE on the protocol level for user specific
i f hU h ll lf ifi
signalling management;
• Transfer of NAS signalling messages between UE and CN;
Transfer of NAS signalling messages between UE and CN;
• Location services by transferring requests from the CN to UTRAN,
and location information from UTRAN to CN
• Simultaneous access to multiple CN domains for a single UE
• Mechanisms for resource reservation for packet data streams.
Iucs Interface
Iucs Interface
Iups Interface
Iups Interface
Objectives of Iur
Objectives of Iur
• Open interface
• Support Signaling and Data Strreams between RNCs
• Point‐to‐point connection
• Allowing the addition / deletion of radio links supported by cells
belonging to any RNS within the PLMN.
• Allowing
Allowing an RNC to address any other RNC within the PLMN to
an RNC to address any other RNC within the PLMN to
establishing signalling bearer or user data bearers for Iur data streams.
Functions of Iur
Functions of Iur
• Transport Network Management
• Traffic management of Common Transport Channels
– Preparation of Common Transport Channel resources
– Paging
• Traffic Management of Dedicated Transport Channels
– Radio Link Setup/ Addition/ Deletion
– Measurement Reporting
• Measurement reporting for common and dedicated measurement
objects
Iur Interface
Iur Interface
UMTS Protocol Stack Iub
UMTS Protocol Stack Iub
Transport Network
Radio Network Control Plane User Plane
Control Plane
RRC (TS 25.331) NBAP (TS 25.433) PDCP (TS 25.323)

AAL2L3 Q.2630.1 /BMC (TS 25.324)
STC Q.2150.2 RLC (TS 25.322)
RLC (TS 25.322) SSCF‐UNI (Q.2130) SSCF‐UNI (Q.2130) MAC (TS 25.321)

UP FP
MAC(TS 25.321) SSCOP (Q.2110) SSCOP (Q.2110) TS 25.427, TS 25.435
AAL 2 (I.363.2) AAL5 (I.363.5) AAL5 (I.363.5) AAL 2 (I.363.2)
ATM
General Principles of Iub
General Principles of Iub
• Transmission sharing between the GSM/GPRS Abis interface and the
Iub interface shall not be precluded
Iub interface shall not be precluded
• The functional division between RNC and NodeB shall have as few
options as possible
• NodeB controls a number of cells and can be ordered to add/remove
radio links in those cells
• Only the logical O&M of NodeB is supported by the Iub
• Complex functionality shall as far as possible be avoided over Iub
• The Iub functional split shall take into account the probability of
frequent switching between different channel types
Functions of Iub Protocols I
Functions of Iub Protocols I
• Management of Iub Transport Resources
• Logical O&M of Node B
– Iub Link Management
– Cell Configuration Management
– Radio Network Performance Measurements
– Resource Event Management
– Common Transport Channel Management
– Radio Resource Management
– Radio Network Configuration Alignment
g g
• Implementation Specific O&M Transport
• System Information Management
Functions of Iub Protocols II
Functions of Iub Protocols II
• Traffic Management of Common Channels
– Admission Control
– Power Management
– Data Transfer
Data Transfer
• Traffic Management of Dedicated Channels
– Radio Link Management, Radio Link Supervision
– Channel Allocation / De‐allocation
– Measurement Reporting
p g
– Dedicated Transport Channel Management
– Data Transfer
10/5/2008 EAB/SD Ahmad Dedi Affandi 51
Functions of Iub Protocols III
Functions of Iub Protocols III
• Traffic Management of Shared Channels
– Channel Allocation / De‐allocation
– Transport Channel Management
Transport Channel Management
– Data Transfer
• Timing and Synchronisation Management
– Transport Channel Synchronisation (Frame synchronisation)
– Node B – RNC node Synchronisation
– Inter Node B node Synchronisation
y
Iub Interface
UTRAN Identifiers
UTRAN Identifiers
• PLMN Identifier: PLMN‐Id = MCC + MNC
• CN Domain Identifier: CN CS Domain‐Id = PLMN‐
Id + LAC
• CN PS Domain‐Id = PLMN‐Id + LAC + RAC
• RNC Identifier: Global RNC‐Id = PLMN‐Id + RNC‐Id
• Service Area Identifier: SAI = PLMN‐Id + LAC +
SAC
• Cell Identifier: UC‐Id = RNC‐Id + C‐Id
UMTS QoS
UMTS QoS
RAB
RAB is described by:
• Information quality of service
1. Bit rate
2. Bit error ratio
3. Maximum transfer delay
4. Delay variation
• Traffic characteristics
Traffic characteristics
1. Point‐point, uni‐directional or bi‐directional
(symmetric or asymmetric)
2. Point‐to‐multipoint, uni‐directional (multicast and
broadcast)
Mobile Technology Life Cycle
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WCDMA/UMTS Overview

GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS

2G technologies 2.5G and preliminary 3G technologies

ITU Allocations IMT 2000 IMT 2000

Europe GSM 1800 DECT

1885 MHz 1980 MHz

1885 MHz 1918 MHz

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

1900 1920 1980 2010 2025

TDD FDD Uplink TDD

RRC (TS 25.331) NBAP (TS 25.433) PDCP (TS 25.323)

RLC (TS 25.322) SSCF‐UNI (Q.2130) SSCF‐UNI (Q.2130) MAC (TS 25.321)

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