Introduction to World

Religions & Belief

Systems
Senior

I
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems module on
Judaism.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from public schools to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners met the standard set by the K to 12 curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
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strategies that will help you in guiding
the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems module on

Judaism.
 This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
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in the module.

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check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
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this module.
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What’s In
one.
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What is it
discover and understand new concepts
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process what you learned from the
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 In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
Additional Activities skill of the lesson learned.

This contains answers to all activities in

Answer Key the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all resources used in developing this module.

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included in this module.
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What I need to know!
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to introduce to you
how Judaism as a religion came into existence through the lenses of its historical
background, fundamental teachings, beliefs, practices and some related issues.
Exploring these lessons will help you succeed as you do self-exploration towards a
concrete and complete understanding of Judaism as a religion.
This module is consisting of 4 lessons, namely:

4.1 Brief History of Judaism; and

4.2 Fundamental Beliefs, Practices and Teachings of Judaism.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Familiarize the Ten Commandments as stated in the Old Testament (Exodus 20)
(HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIId-4.1);

2. Identify a Jewish custom or tradition demonstrated in a movie (HUMSS_WRB12-

I/IIId-4.2);
3. Justify the core teaching of Judaism is the covenant of one God with a chosen
people vs other people with many gods (HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIId-4.3); and
4. Identify a story from the Old Testament that demonstrate the Jewish belief in one
God (HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIId-4.4z
 Week 4, Day 1A: What I know!
Find out how much you already know about this module. After taking and checking
this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and
look for the right answer as you go through this lesson.
Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Use a separate
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following religions does not belong to Abrahamic religions?
A. Hinduism B. Islam C. Christianity D. Judaism
2. In 2014, what was the estimated population of Jewish people in the world?
A. 5 million B.8 million C. 12 million D. 14 million
3. What is the most important text of Judaism?
A. Torah B. Pentateuch C. Tanakh D. Talmud
4. Who were considered as the ancestors of the Jews?
A. Arabs B. Canaanites C. Hebrews D. Egyptians
5. To whom did God reveal himself as the creator and ruler of the universe?
A. Isaac B. Abraham C. Jacob D. Moses
6. Which of the following is most significant in Judaism?
A. Belief B. actions C. practices D. teachings
7. What is the most important day in the Jewish calendar?
A. Sabbath B. Tishri C. Rosh Hashanah D. Yom Kippur
8. What Jewish festival celebrates the deliverance of the Jews during the
Persian Empire?
A. Yom Kippur B. Purim C. Rosh Hashanah D. Hanukkah
9. It is also called the Festival of Lights.
A. Rosh Hashanah B. Sukkot C. Purim D. Hanukkah
10. Judaism is not only a religion to Jewish people, but it is also their way of_ .
A. Truth B. Living C. life D. survival
11. Who are called as the people of the Book in reference to the Hebrew Bible?
A. Philistines B. Arabs C. Persians D. Jews
12. The Pentateuch is comprised of how many
books? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
13. To non-Jews, the Hebrew Bible is known as the _.
A. Old Book B. Old Testament C. New Book D.New Testament
14. What is missing: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy?
A. Letters B. Spaces C. Songs D. Numbers
15. Which of the following refers to the Written Torah?
A. Tanakh B. Talmud C. Mishnah D. Gemara

1
 Day 1. Brief History of Judaism
Lesson 1
Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world which originated in
West Asia. The Jewish people consider themselves as the chosen people of God as
they must provide an example to the world of their moral behavior. Judaism is a
monotheistic religion along with other two Abrahamic religions namely Christianity
and Islam. It is quite interesting to know that the history of Judaism, stories of
struggles and triumphs of Jewish people shaped up the establishment of this religion
that attracts millions of believers all over the world.

Week 4, Day 1B: What’s In

Challenge yourself by arranging the jumbled letters below. These ten words are
things, places, individuals and important terminologies that play significant roles in
the discussion of the historical background and socio-political dynamics of Judaism.
Write your answer in the worksheet provided for you.

1. E N G S I E S = _ 6. W E J S H I =
_
2. BHRAAMA = 7. S O M E S = _
3. CNANAA = 8. I S I A N = _
4. TANEPUETECH = 9. B W E R E H S = _
5. COBAJ = 10. U D I S A M J = _
Week 4, Day 2A: What’s New
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are three big names in Judaism’s history. In this activity,
you are tasked to identify five significant information about them using internet or
bible (Old Testament preferably)

Patriarch Five Significant Information About Them

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Abraham
Isaac

Jacob

What is It
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The ancestors of the Jews were groups of Semites called Hebrews whose
origin can be traced in the deserts of Arabia (Brown,1975).
Pentateuch- the First Five Books of the Hebrew Bible where the origin of the Jewish
people and the beginning of Judaism are recorded.

Judaism has three notable founding figures or patriarchs. These biblical patriarchs
are the physical and spiritual forebears of the Jewish people:
1. Abraham
- Judaism is anchored upon God’s revelation to Abraham that He is the
creator and ruler of the universe, and that He loves His creatures and
demands righteousness from them (Losch, 2001).

- God choses Abraham and his family from all people living on earth as
recorded in Genesis 12.
- After a series of tragic events involving humankind, God entered into a
covenant with Abraham promising him that he would become the father of
great nation and would possess vast tracks of land.
- Abraham’s original name was “Abram” who was born in the city of Ur of
the Chaldeasaround1800 B.C.E.
- Initially, Abraham and his wife Sarai were childless.
- Ishmael was the son of Abraham from Sarai’s Egyptian handmaid Hagar.
However, Ishmael was not the heir to the God’s promise.
- God changed Sarai’s name to “Sarah”, meaning “princess” or
“noblewoman.” Abram’s name was changed to “Abraham” or the father of
many.
 - Later in their old life, they had their own son who became the heir to God’s
covenant and ancestor of the Jewish people. He was named Isaac.
2. Isaac
- During his childhood, God commanded Abraham to sacrifice him at an
altar in Mount Moriah. His father obeyed God’s most difficult trial.
However, as God proves Abraham’s obedience, an angel stopped him
from sacrificing his son. A ram was instead sacrificed in place of Isaac.
- Isaac was married to Rebecca and they got twin sons namely Jacob and
Esau.
3. Jacob
- He is always in constant strife with his twin, Esau.
- He bought Esau’s birthright and tricked his father Isaac into giving him
Esau’s blessing as the eldest son (Bowker, 1997).
- He fled to his uncle’s house to escape Esau’s fury. Later on, Jacob
returned home and reconciled with Esau.
- A close encounter with an angel merited him a change of name from
Jacob to “Israel” which means “the one who wrestled with God”.
- The Jewish people are referred to as the “children of Israel.”
- Among four different women, Jacob fathered twelve sons and one
daughter. The twelve sons who became the ancestors of the tribes in
Israel were Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad,
Asher, Naphtali, Joseph, and Benjamin.

Who is Moses and what is his important role in Judaism?

 The Book of Exodus begins with Abraham’s descendants crying out for
deliverance from Egyptian bondage (Hopfe, 1983).
 In this period, Moses played a significant part to the lives of Jewish people.
 Moses was a son of a woman from Levi’s tribe named Jochebed who
secretly placed him in a woven basket and sent him down the Nile River.
The pharaoh’s daughter, Bithia, found the him, rescued him and reared
him as her own.
 Jochebed volunteered to nurse the child, now named Moses, who was
raised within the Egyptian royal family.
 At the age of forty, Moses killed an Egyptian in defense of a slave and fled
to the Sinai desert where he spent the next forty days as a shepherd
(Hopf,1983).
 On Mount Horeb, Abraham’s God revealed himself to Moses as he spoke
through a burning bush that was not consumed.
 Revealing God’s name as “Yahweh,” he commanded Moses to return to
Egypt and demand the release of Israelites from slavery.
 After his initial refusal, the Egyptian pharaoh conceded after the ten
miraculous and horrific plagues were inflicted by God upon Egypt and its
people, most especially the plague on the firstborn.
 The Israelites were banished from Egypt with Moses leading them across
 the Red Sea. When the pharaoh changed his mind and began to pursue
the fleeing Israelites, Moses parted the Red Sea that allowed them to
cross the water and reach the dry lands of Sinai. Meanwhile, the pursuing
Egyptian chariots were drowned after the waters receded. This event
called Exodus became part of Jewish history that manifested Yahweh’s
intervention to deliver his chosen people (Hopfe, 1983).
 Another significant event in Jewish history was the giving of the Ten
Commandments at Mount Sinai. These supreme laws, which are basic to
the Jewish people, were communicated to the Israelites through Moses
during their time in the wilderness.
 The Ten Commandments are a set of absolute laws given by God to
Moses at the biblical Mount Sinai that shall govern the life of every
Israelite. Most of the scholars consider this period as the official beginning
of Judaism as an organized and structured belief system.
 THE 10 COMMANDMENTS IN EXODUS 20:2-17

1 “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out
of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me.
2 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image – any likeness of
anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that
is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them. For I,
the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers
upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate
Me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep
My commandments.
3 “You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the
LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain.

4 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor
and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD
your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your
daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your
cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the
LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them,
and rested the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath
day and hallowed it.
 5 “Honor your father and your mother, that your days maybe long upon the
land which the LORD your God is giving you.
6 “You shall not murder.

7 “You shall not commit adultery.

8 “You shall not steal.
9 “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your
neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his
ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.”

Lesson 2 Fundamental Beliefs, Practices

and Teachings of Judaism
Belief means something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as
an opinion while Practices means a repeated or customary action or the usual way of
doing something (merriam-webster.com). Like most of the existing religions, Judaism
has their core teachings that can be found in their sacred scriptures. Religious
teachings serve as the blood of any religion as it serves as the foundations of all the
beliefs and practices of its believers. In this lesson, you will unlock new learning
about Judaism, its fundamental beliefs, practices and teachings.
Week 4, Day 2B: What’s New
Challenge yourself by answering set of questions below. The jumbled letters before
the question can help you find the correct answer. Write your answer in the
worksheet provided for you. Let’s get started!

CLUES GUIDE QUESTIONS YOUR ANSWER

SOSEM Who is believed to be the
author of the first Five
Books of Hebrew Bible?
NEPATHCEUT What term is used to refer to
the first Five Books of
Hebrew Bible?
HORAT What section of the Hebrew
Bible is known to be the
Old Testament to non-
Jews?
 HKANAT What is the Jewish term for
Written Torah?
DUMALT What is the Jewish term for
Oral Torah?

What is It
BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
In Judaism, actions are more significant than beliefs. However, while Judaism
has no dogma, there is definitely a place for belief within the religion since it focuses
on the worship of one God, the practice of good deeds, and the love of learning
(Braswell, 1994). For the Jews, there is one everlasting God who created the
universe and its entirety and remains the master of it (Parrinder,1971).

Human beings were created by God who provided them the capacity to
decide what is right and wrong, and gave them the freedom and responsibility for
their own actions (Losch, 2001). Humans have the ability to restrain their evil
intentions because of their propensities for both good and evil (Parrinder,1971). For
Jews, all human beings are created equal. While God can communicate with
humans through revelations, humans can also commune to him by means of prayers
and meditations.
With regards to one’s Jewishness, a Jew is someone whose mother is a Jew,
although some sectors recognize the children of Jewish fathers as Jew, too. While a
Jew may not lose one’s technical status as a Jew by converting to another religion,
he or she loses the religiosity emanating from his or her Jewish identity. A person
may also convert to Judaism, but he or she has to undergo numerous rituals.
According to Moshe ben Maimon, the minimum requirements of Jewish belief
are as follows:

Jewish Principles of Faith

God exists.
God is one and unique.
God is incorporeal.
God is eternal.
Prayer is to be directed to God alone and to no other.
The words of the prophets are true.
Moses’ prophecies are true, and Moses was the greatest of the
prophets.
The Written Torah and the Oral Torah were given to Moses.
There will be no other Torah.
God knows the thoughts and deeds of men.
God will reward the good and punish the wicked.
The Messiah will come.
The dead will be resurrected.
Worship and Observances
The Jewish community utilizes a lunar calendar with twelve months, each beginning
at the new moon of 29 or 30 days. Every festival and Sabbath commences and
terminates at dusk (or sunset) rather than midnight in adherence to the biblical
pattern.
Sabbath – it is the most important day in the Jewish calendar which commemorates
God’s completion of the creation of the universe and his rest after the six-day toil
(Parrinder, 1971).
Tishri – the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year of the Jewish calendar.
Days of Awe (Yamim Noraim) -the first ten days of Tishri wherein the first two days
comprise the New Year (Rosh Hashanah) and the tenth day as the Day of
Atonement (Yom Kippur).
New Year (Rosh Hashanah) – it marks the start of the ten-day period of penitence
leading to the Yom Kippur and is distinguished from other days by blowing a ram’s
horn trumpet (shofar) in the synagogue and eating apples dipped in honey which is
symbolic for a sweet new year. It is also a day of judgment wherein God assesses
one’s deeds and decides what lies ahead of him or her in the following year. Work is
not permitted during this day.
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) – it is the most sacred and solemn day in the Jewish
calendar that brings the period of repentance to its conclusion. The eve of the day is
called Kol Nidrei (“all vows”) which are the opening words of a prayer. A day of
fasting and praying for absolution of one’s sins, it provides every Jew an opportunity
for both personal and communal repentance (Parrinder,1971). One must also refrain
from eating and drinking, even water. Additional restrictions include washing and
bathing, using perfumes, wearing leather shoes, and engaging in sexual relations.
Symbolizing purity, it is customary for the Jews to wear white during the holiday. An
entire day must be spent in the synagogue while reciting prayers. Another blowing of
the ram’s horn ends the final prayer service.

Pilgrimage Festivals
During the olden days, the Torah commanded the ancient Israelites to go to
Jerusalem on three pilgrimage festivals and participate in the worship at the
Temple.
1. Pesach (Passover)
It is an eight-day festival that originally marked the beginning of the barley
harvest (Parrinder,1971). Its principal purpose is to commemorate and
recreate the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt.
2. Shavout (Weeks or Pentecost)
It is a two-day festival that was originally a celebration of the wheat harvest.
Presently, it is now being held to commemorate the revelation of the Torah to
Moses at Mount Sinai.
 3. Sukkot (Tabernacles)
It is a nine-day festival commemorating the autumn harvest and the forty
years of the Israelites’ stay in the desert wilderness subsisting solely on the
bounty of God.
Other Important Days
Hanukkah (Festival of Lights or Feast of Dedication) – is a celebration to
commemorate the victory of Jewish fighters against the Seleucid Empire in 165 B.C.E.
Purim (Feast of Esther) – celebrates the deliverance of the Jews during the
Persian Empire.
Halakha – translates as “the path that one walks,” refers to Jewish religious laws
derived from the Written Torah and Oral Torah. It instructs Jews what to do as they
wake up in the morning, what foods to eat, what clothes to wear, who to marry, and
how to observe Sabbath and holy days.
Synagogues – these are Jewish temple of worship, instruction and community
fellowship that contain separate rooms designed for specific activities, such as
praying and studying.
SACRED SCRIPTURES

The Jewish people have been called the “people of the Book” in reference to
the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh or Mikra) which had been the authority, guide, and
inspiration of the many forms of Judaism that have evolved throughout the different
periods of time and in various places (Parrinder, 1971). Composed over a period of
almost a thousand years, collections within the Bible became established in its full
canonical form by the end of the first century C.E (Parrinder, 1971).
According to the Jewish tradition, the Hebrew Bible is divided into three
principal sections:
1. TORAH (“Teaching”)
- It is composed of the first “Five Books” or the Pentateuch traditionally
believed to have been authored by Moses through divine instruction in
Sinai.
- These includes Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
- It also narrates the history, religious statues and moral regulations for
individuals and society, ceremonial rites and creation stories by Yahweh,
and the origin and growth of the mankind (Braswell, 1994).
2. NEVI’IM (“Prophets”)
- It is subdivided into Earlier Prophets, Later Prophets, and the twelve minor
prophets.
- Prophets served as spokespersons who criticize the hypocritical practices
of Jewish rituals. They were specifically chosen by God to spread his
message to the people.
3. KETUVIM(“Writings”)
- The third section of the Tanakh that contains works on poetry, temple
ritual, private prayer, philosophical explorations and other canonical works.
 In the strictest sense, Torah refers to the “Five Books of Moses.” However, it
can also pertain to the entire Hebrew Bible known as the Old Testament to non-Jews
but Tanakh (or the “Written Torah”) to the Jews. Broadly speaking, Torah could mean
the whole body of Jewish laws and teachings.
TALMUD (“Oral Torah”)
- is another sacred writing of Judaism which means “study”.
- all studies and interpretations done by Jewish rabbis or teachers of the
Torah are contained in the Talmud.
- in short, Talmud is an authoritative collection of rabbinic interpretations of
the sacredscriptures.it contains materials of law and moral codes.
- Around the second century C.E., this oral law was compiled and written
down as Misnah or a restatement of the law by a respected opinion.
- known as Gemara, it includes legends, folklores and sayings (Braswell,1994).
- the Misnah and Gemara comprise the Talmud that was completed in the 5 th
century C.E.
- serving as the foundation for all Jewish laws codes, the whole Talmud
contains 63 tractates that is often printed over 6,200 pages long. Apart from being a
book of law, the Talmud is also a fountain of religious thought and inspiration similar
to the Pentateuch.

The Pentateuch is the single most important scripture for the Jewish people
that became the source of their inspiration and direction for centuries. It became the
foundation of other essential Jewish writings, such as the Talmud and Misnah. With
all these codified laws and legal materials, Judaism has become a religion of the law
and the Jews as the chosen people have shown obedience to God’s covenant
throughout their long and tumultuous history (Hopfe, 1983).

Week 4, Day 3: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your
answer on the worksheet provided for assessment. Please answer with utmost
honesty.
1. Which of the following statement explains the reason why Ishmael was not
the heir to God’s promise?
A. Because he was Sarai’s son C. because he was not Abraham’s son
B. Because he was Abraham’s son D. because he was not Sarai’s son
2. What was the most difficult trial given to Abraham by God?
A. When God told Abraham that he chose him to rule his people
B. When God told Abraham that they will have a son despite his age
C. When God replaced Abraham as the new ruler of His people
D. When God commanded Abraham to sacrifice his son
3. Which of the Ten Commandments honors the value of one’s
family? A. 1 B. 6 C. 10 D.5
4. Based on Commandment 4, which of the following activities should not be
 done on Sabbath day?
A. go to work B. solemnly pray C. worship D. rest
5. Which of the following scenario does not violate any of the Ten
Commandments as stated in the Old Testament?
A. Your classmate tried to cheat in an exam to get good grades.
B. Your best friend keeps spreading malicious and false stories about you in
school.
C. You wanted to have the latest brand of cellphone despite financial
constraints after seeing your friend’s new phone.
D. You take good care of your bed ridden mother
6. The Jews believed that the dead will be .
A. Burned B. reincarnated C. resurrected D. lost
7. It is believed that the Written and Oral Torah were given to him.
A. Moshe Ben Maimon B. Abraham C. Isaac D. Moses
8. What are the Jewish temples of worship, instructions and community
fellowship?
A.Synagogues B. Sukkot C. Shavout D. Pesach
9. What is the most sacred and solemn day in the Jewish calendar that brings
the period of repentance to its conclusion?
A. Rosh Hashanah B. Yom Kippur C. Halakha D. Tishri
10. It instructs the Jews what to do as they wake up in the morning, what foods to
eat, what clothes to wear, who to marry and how to observe Sabbath and holy
days.
A. Hanukkah B. Sukkot C. Pesach D. Halakha
11. What is the single most important scripture for the Jewish people that became
the source of their inspiration and direction for centuries?
A. Ketuvim B. Mishnah C. Pentateuch D. Talmud
12. The Nevi’im is divided into how many
parts? A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
13. The following are included in the Gemara, except?
A. Legends B. folklores C. songs D. sayings
14. What is an authoritative collection of rabbinic interpretations of the sacred
scriptures?
A. Mishnah B. Talmud C. Tanakh D. Gemara
15. Who were the God’s chosen people who have shown obedience to covenant
through their long and tumultuous history?
A. Romans B. Egyptians C. Jews D. Persians

Week 4, Day 4: PERFORMANCE TASK 2:

You will produce a comic strip that shows the application of the principles, “Unity
in diversity” (diverse cultures and practices in the society), and “Many paths yet
only one destiny.”(the relationship of cultures with the various beliefs/religions).
For those learners who are not good in drawing, they may use any application or
use their creativity in coming up with the images needed in this activity. Use
coupon bonds (a4) in making your comic.
 Answer
Key Lesson 1

What I Need to What’s In What’s New What’s More What I Have

Know Learned
GENESIS Activity 1:
1. A9. D Answers may Let’s Answers may
ABRAHAM
vary Visualize! vary
2. D10. C
CANAAN
3. A11. D Learners
PENTATEUCH outputvary
4. C12. B depending on What I Can Do
JACOB
their lesson
5. B13. B Answers may
JEWISH understandin
vary
6. B14. D g and
MOSES creativity.
7. A15. A
SINAI NOTE:
8. B Teachers’
HEBREWS Additional
self-made
JUDAISM rubrics is Activities
encouraged. Answers may
vary

Lesson 2
What’s In What’s New What’s More What I Assessment
MOSES Answers vary Have
Learned 1. A 9. B
Answers may inlearners’
PENTATEUCH performance in 2. A 10. D
vary Answers may
the given task vary
TORAH 3. B 11. C

TANAKH 4. D 12. D
What I
TALMUD Can 5. B 13. C
Do
6. C 14. B
Answers may
7. D 15. C
vary
8. A
Additional
Activities
Answers may
vary
1
4
22