AP Chemistry Name___________________________

Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics PRACTICE TEST Date_________

SECTION I: Multiple Choice (Time: 1.5 minutes allotted per question). Select the best answer for each
question. You need not show any work. Calculators are not permitted on this section of the test.
Practice estimating to find the best answer.

1. The average rate of disappearance of ozone in the reaction 2O3 (g )  3O 2 (g ) is found to be 8.51  10–3 atm
over a certain interval of time. What is the rate of appearance of O2 during this interval?
a) 12.8  10–3 atm/s b) 8.51  10–3atm/s c) 5.67  10–3atm/s d) 308  10–3atm/s e)24.1  10–3atm/s
Ans:  a Algorithm:  Yes Chapter/Section:  12.1 Difficulty:  Easy
SOLUTION: O2 appears at 3/2 the rate at which O3 disappears. 3/2 x 8.51  10–3 atm ~ 12.5 x 10–3 atm.
2. For the reaction 5A + 5B → 4C + 4D, at a particular instant in time, the rate of the reaction is 0.0243 M/s.
What is the rate of change of B?
a) –0.0243 M/s b) 0.122 M/s c) –0.122 M/s d) –0.00486 M/s e) 0.00486 M/s
Ans:  c Algorithm:  Yes Chapter/Section:  12.1 Difficulty:  Easy Keyword 1:  Chemistry
Rate = - 1/5Δ[A] = -1/5Δ[B] = ¼Δ[C] = ¼Δ[D]
Δt Δt Δt Δt
Rate = -1/5Δ[B]
Δt

5 x rate = -Δ[B]
Δt
5 x 0.0243 M/s = - Δ[B]
Δt
-0.12125~ - 0.122 M/s
3. The following data were obtained for the reaction of NO with O2. Concentrations are in molecules/cm3 and
rates are in molecules/cm3s.
[NO]0 [O2]0 Initial Rate
1  1018 1  1018 2.0  1016
2  1018 1  1018 8.0  1016
3  1018 1  1018 18.0  1016
1  10 18
2 10 18
4.0  1016
1  10 18
3  10 18
6.0  1016
What is the rate law?
a) Rate = k[NO][O2] b) Rate = k[NO][O2]2 c) Rate = k[NO]2[O2] d) Rate = k[NO]2 e)Rate = k[NO]2[O2]2
Ans:  c Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.3 Difficulty:  Easy Keyword 1:  Chemistry
SOLUTION: As [NO] doubles (from experiment 1 to experiment 2), rate quadruples. Therefore, the
reaction is 2nd order in [NO]. As [O2] doubles (from experiment 1 to experiment 4), rate doubles. Therefore,
the reaction is 1st order in [O2].

Use the following to answer questions 4-5: A general reaction written as A + 2B  C + 2D is studied and yields the
following data:

[A]0 [B]0 Initial [C]/t

0.150 M 0.150 M 8.00 10–3 mol/L·s
0.150 M 0.300 M 1.60 10–2 mol/L·s
0.300 M 0.150 M 3.20  10–2 mol/L·s
4. What is the order of the reaction with respect to B?
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4
Ans:    b Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.3 Difficulty:    Easy Keyword  1:    Chemistry
SOLUTION: As [B] doubles (from experiment 1 go experiment 2) rate doubles. Therefore, the reaction is
first order in B.
5. What is the numerical value of the rate constant?
a) 0.053 b) 1.19 c) 2.37 d) 5.63 e) none of these (A-D)
Ans:    c Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.3 Difficulty:    Moderate Keyword  1:    Chemistry
SOLUTION: The Rate law is: Rate = k [A] 2[B]

Substitute values from data table:

8.00 10–3 mol/L·s = k (0.150 M)2(0.150 M)  This is a little messy, but can be multiplied by hand.

0.008 = k
0.00338

This fraction reduces to a little more than 2, (because 0.008/0.004 would equal 2) so c is the best answer.
6. Determine the initial rate of C production ([C]/t) if [A] = 0.200 M and [B] = 0.500 M.
a) 4.74  10–2 mol/L·s b) 2.37  10–1 mol/L·s c) 1.19  10–1 mol/L·s d) 8.23  10–2 mol/L·s e) none
Ans:    a Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.3 Difficulty:    Moderate
Keyword  1:    Chemistry

Rate = 2.37 M-2* s (0.200M)2(0.500M)

Rate = 2.37(0.02)

Rate = 4.74 x 10 -2 M/s

Use the following to answer question 7: The oxidation of Cr3+ to CrO42– can be accomplished using Ce4+ in a
buffered solution. The following data were obtained:

Relative [Ce4+]0 [Ce3+]0 [Cr3+]0

Initial Rate
1 2.0  10–3 1.0  10–2 3.0  10–2
2 4.0  10–3 2.0  10–2 3.0  10–2
4 4.0  10–3 1.0  10–2 3.0  10–2
16 8.0  10–3 2.0  10–2 6.0  10–2
7. Determine the order in the rate law of the species Ce3+.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) –1 e) –2
Ans:    d Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.3 Difficulty:    Moderate
Keyword  1:    Chemistry
SOLUTION: Cr3+ is oxidized by Ce4+ . In the process Ce4+ is converted into Ce3+ , so Ce3+ is a product. We
can see that as the [Ce3+ ] doubles (from experiment 3 to experiment 2), the RATE decreases by a factor
of 2. OR 2x = ½ . Solve for x. x= -1, so the reaction is -1 order in Ce 3+.
8. The rate expression for a particular reaction is rate = k[A][B]2. If the initial concentration of B is increased
from 0.1 M to 0.3 M, the initial rate will increase by which of the following factors?
a) 2 b) 6 c) 12 d) 3 e) 9
Ans:    e Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.3 Difficulty:    Easy Keyword  1:    Chemistry
9. The following data were collected for the decay of HO2 radicals:
Time [HO2] Time [HO2]

0s 1.0  1011 molec/cm3 14 s 1.25  1010 molec/cm3

2s 5.0  1010 molec/cm3 30 s 6.225  109 molec/cm3

6s 2.5  1010 molec/cm3

a) The decay of HO2 occurs by a first-order process.

b) The half-life of the reaction is 2 ms.
c) A plot of ln [HO2] versus time is linear with a slope of –k.
d) The rate of the reaction increases with time.
e) A plot of 1/[HO2] versus time gives a straight line.
Ans:  e Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.4 Difficulty:  Moderate Keyword 1:  Chemistry
SOLUTION: The half life changes throughout the reaction. In fact, it doubles. (Notice the first half-life is 2
s, the second half-life is 4 s, the third half-life is 8 s, etc.) Therefore this is a 2 nd order reaction. Answer
choice e describes the graph of a 2 nd order reaction.
10. A first-order reaction is 45% complete at the end of 35 minutes. What is the length of the half-life of this
reaction?
a) 41 min b) 30. Min c) 2.2 h d) 51 min e) none of these
Ans:  a Algorithm:  Yes Chapter/Section:  12.4 Difficulty:  Moderate Keyword 1:  Chemistry
SOLUTION WITH A CALCULATOR: (I know you can’t use one on MC, but you should be able to DO a half-
life calc for Free Response, should it arise.)
Let [A0] = 1.00 M, then
[A] = 0.55 M
t = 35 min
t1/2= unknown

Use [A] = [A0](0.5)^t/t1/2  t1/2=t

ln [A]
ln 0.5
Substitute your values into above equation t 1/2= 35 min
-0.597837
-0.693147
t1/2= 35 min
0.86267965
t1/2= 40.6 min

WITHOUT A CALCULATOR: Half-life is the length of time for half of a substance(reactant) to be consumed.
If the reaction is 45% complete, 55% of the reactant remains. Therefore, less than a half-life has passed in 35
min.. Therefore, answer b is incorrect. Since nearly half has been consumed, 35 minutes is CLOSE to but
LESS than the half-life. Answer c is incorrect. 51 min is almost 1.5 x the time that has elapsed, but we realize
that 35 minutes is nearly a full half-life. Therefore, this time frame is almost certainly too long. 41 minutes is
the best answer.
11. The rate constant k is dependent on
I. the concentration of the reactant
II. the nature of the reactants
III. the temperature
IV. the order of the reaction
 a) none of these b) one of these c) two of these d) three of these e) all of these
Ans:  c Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.6 Difficulty:  Easy
SOLUTION: k always depends on temperature. It also is affected by the order of the reaction. Think: the unts
of k vary according to the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant.

Use the following to answer questions 12-15: The questions below refer to the following diagram:

12. Why is this reaction considered to be exothermic?

a) Because energy difference B is greater than energy difference C.
b) Because energy difference B is greater than energy difference A.
c) Because energy difference A is greater than energy difference C.
d) Because energy difference B is greater than energy difference C plus energy difference A.
e) Because energy difference A and energy difference C are about equal.
Ans:  b Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.6 Difficulty:  Easy
13. What would happen if the kinetic energy of the reactants was not enough to provide the needed activation
energy?
a) The products would be produced at a lower energy state.
b) The rate of the reaction would tend to increase.
c) The activated complex would convert into products.
d) The reactants would continue to exist in their present form.
e) The products would form at an unstable energy state.
Ans:  d Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.6 Difficulty:  Easy
14. At what point on the graph is the activated complex present?
a) point W b) point X c) point Y d) point Z e) none of these
Ans:  c Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.6 Difficulty:  Easy
15. If the reaction were reversible, would the forward or the reverse reaction have a higher activation energy?
a) The diagram shows no indication of any activation energy.
b) The forward and reverse activation energies are equal.
c) The forward activation energy would be greater.
d) The reverse activation energy would be greater.
e) None of these.
Ans:  d Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.6 Difficulty:  Easy
Use the following to answer question 16: The following questions refer to the gas-phase decomposition of
ethylene chloride, C2H5Cl  products. Experiment shows that the decomposition is first order. The following
data show kinetics information for this reaction:

Time (s) ln [C2H5Cl] (M)

1.0 –1.625
2.0 –1.735
16. What is the rate constant for this decomposition?
a) 0.29/s b) 0.35/s c) 0.11/s d 0.02/s e) 0.22/s
Ans:    c Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.4 Difficulty:    Easy Keyword  1:    Chemistry

SOLUTION: We are given ln [A] at different times and t. Use ln[A] = -kt + ln[A] 0
Let ln[A] = -1.735 M ln[A]0 = -1.625 let time at 1.0 s = time zero
then t for our equation is 2.0-1.0s = 1.0 s
substitute in our values -1.735M = -k(1.0s) + - 1.625M
k = 0.11 M/s
Use the following to answer questions 17-18: For the reaction 2N 2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were
collected:

t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L)

0 1.24  10–2

10. 0.92 10–2

20. 0.68  10–2

30. 0.50  10–2

40. 0.37  10–2

50. 0.28  10–2

70. 0.15  10–2

17. The order of this reaction in N2O5 is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) one of these
Ans:  b Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.4 Difficulty:  Moderate
SOLUTION: consider the ratio of concentration at t = 10 min: t=0 min = 0.75. consider the ratio of
concentration at t = 20 min: t = 10 min = 0.75. This is true for every pair of consecutive time frames.
Therefore, since the time frame is changing by a constant amount (10 sec), and the concentration of
reactant decreases at the same ratio in this time frame, we can conclude that the half-life is constant. If
half-life is constant, this is a first order reaction in N 2O5.
18. The concentration of O2 at t = 10. minutes is
a) 2.0  10–4 mol/L b) 0.32  10–2 mol/L c) 0.16  10–2 mol/L d) 0.64  10–2 mol/L e) none of these
Ans:    c Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.4 Difficulty:    Easy

SOLUTION: N2O5 is consumed at twice the rate as O2 is produced. OR you could say, As two moles N 2O5
are consumed, one mole O2 is produced. At time = 10 minutes, 1.24 – 0.92 x 10 -2 = 0.32 x 10-2 N2O5 has
been consumed. Therefore, 0.16 x 10 -2 mol O2 has been produced in this time frame.
19. The decomposition of ozone may occur through the two-step mechanism shown:
step 1 O3  O2 + O
step 2 O3 + O  2O2
The oxygen atom is considered to be a(n)
a) reactant b) product c) catalyst d) reaction intermediate e) activated complex
Ans:    d Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.5 Difficulty:    Easy
20. The rate law for a reaction is found to be Rate = k[A]2[B]. Which of the following mechanisms gives this rate
law?

I. A+B E (fast)
E + B  C + D (slow)
II. A + B E (fast)
E + A  C + D (slow)
III. A + A  E (slow).
E + B  C + D (fast)
a) I b) II c) III d) two of these e) none of these
Ans:    b Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.5 Difficulty:    Easy
The following questions refer to the reaction 2A 2 + B2  2C. The following mechanism has been proposed:
step 1 (very slow) A2 + B2  R + C
step 2 (slow) A2 + R  C
21. What is the molecularity of step 2?
a) unimolecular b) bimolecular c) termolecular d) quadmolecular e)molecularity cannot be determined
Ans:  b Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.5 Difficulty:  Easy
22. Which step is rate determining?
a) both steps b) step 1 c) step 2 d) a step that is intermediate to step 1 and step 2 e) none of these
Ans:  b Algorithm:  No Chapter/Section:  12.5 Difficulty:  Easy
23. According to collision theory, the activated complex that forms in step 1 could have which of the following
structures? (The dotted lines represent partial bonds.)
a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Ans:    b Algorithm:    No Chapter/Section:    12.6 Difficulty:    Moderate

SECTION II: Free Response
“Directions: Write your response in the space provided following each question. Your responses to these
questions will be scored on the basis on accuracy and relevance of the information cited. Explanations
should be clear and well organized. Examples and equations may be included in your response. Specific
answers are preferable to broad diffuse responses.”
1.
2.