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    Human Computer Interaction: Comsats University Islamabad Wah Campus

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    Arfa Nisa
    This document discusses several topics related to human-computer interaction, including: 1. It discusses human thinking processes and mental models, noting that the mind has impressive problem-solving abilities but is also prone to errors and unstable mental models. 2. It examines different theories of emotion, such as the James-Lange theory which links physiological responses to emotions. 3. Design implications are discussed, such as avoiding interfaces that cause stress and building in positive responses, as negative emotions narrow thinking while positive emotions enhance creativity.

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    Human Computer Interaction: Comsats University Islamabad Wah Campus

    Uploaded by

    Arfa Nisa
    35 views20 pages
    This document discusses several topics related to human-computer interaction, including: 1. It discusses human thinking processes and mental models, noting that the mind has impressive problem-solving abilities but is also prone to errors and unstable mental models. 2. It examines different theories of emotion, such as the James-Lange theory which links physiological responses to emotions. 3. Design implications are discussed, such as avoiding interfaces that cause stress and building in positive responses, as negative emotions narrow thinking while positive emotions enhance creativity.

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    HCI

    Original Title

    Lecture 4

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    This document discusses several topics related to human-computer interaction, including: 1. It discusses human thinking processes and mental models, noting that the mind has impressive problem-solving abilities but is also prone to errors and unstable mental models. 2. It examines different theories of emotion, such as the James-Lange theory which links physiological responses to emotions. 3. Design implications are discussed, such as avoiding interfaces that cause stress and building in positive responses, as negative emotions narrow thinking while positive emotions enhance creativity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views20 pages

    Human Computer Interaction: Comsats University Islamabad Wah Campus

    Uploaded by

    Arfa Nisa
    This document discusses several topics related to human-computer interaction, including: 1. It discusses human thinking processes and mental models, noting that the mind has impressive problem-solving abilities but is also prone to errors and unstable mental models. 2. It examines different theories of emotion, such as the James-Lange theory which links physiological responses to emotions. 3. Design implications are discussed, such as avoiding interfaces that cause stress and building in positive responses, as negative emotions narrow thinking while positive emotions enhance creativity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Lecture 4

    Human Computer Interaction


    COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD WAH CAMPUS
    In the Previous Lecture

    Human Memory
    Short Term Memory
    Long Term Memory
    Sensory Memory

    2
    In Today’s Lecture

    Human Thinking Process


    Emotions
    Individual Differences

    3
    Human Thinking

    Human mind has impressive capability for interpreting


    and manipulating things
    Thinking brings together information to link the various
    parts into something comprehensible
    However mistakes can happen
    Errors can have catastrophic effects

    4
    Mental Model
    Mental model is the model of theories built by people to
    understand the causal behavior of system
    These models are often partial
    The person does not have a full understanding of the
    working of the whole system
    Unstable and prone to changes
    Often based on unscientific explanations
    5
    Importance of Mental Model

    Build correct mental models


    Should not ignore conventions
    Design should support mental models
    If violated, explicit support must be provided

    6
    Emotions
    A brief conscious experience characterized by intense
    mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or
    displeasure
    Intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,
    disposition, and motivation
    Cognition is an important aspect of emotion

    7
    Emotional Responses
    Affects how we perform in different situations
    Positive emotions generate more creativity
    ◦Helps solving complex problems
    Negative emotions generate narrow focused thinking
    ◦Limited solutions to problems
    A problem may be easy to solve when relaxed
    A problem will become difficult if we are frustrated
    8
    Theories of Emotion

    James-Lange Theory
    ◦emotion was the interpretation of a physiological
    response, rather than the other way around

    9
    Theories of Emotion
    James-Lange Theory
    Common sense says, we lose our fortune, are sorry
    and weep; we meet a bear, are frightened and run; we
    are insulted by a rival, are angry and strike. The
    hypothesis here . . . is that we feel sorry because we
    cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we
    tremble

    10
    Theories of Emotion

    Cannon Theory
    ◦our physiological processes are in fact too slow to
    account for our emotional reactions, and that the
    physiological responses for some emotional states
    are too similar

    11
    Theories of Emotion
    Cannon Theory
    Experience in studies with the use of medicines that
    stimulate broadly the same physiological responses
    as anger or fear seems to support this: participants
    reported physical symptoms but not the emotion,
    which suggests that emotional response is more
    than a recognition of physiological changes

    12
    Theories of Emotion

    Schachter and Singer Theory


    ◦emotion results from a person evaluating physical
    responses in the light of the whole situation

    13
    Theories of Emotion

    Schachter and Singer Theory


    The same physiological response of a pounding
    heart will be interpreted as excitement if we are in a
    competition and fear if we find ourselves under attack

    14
    Affects

    Biological response to emotions is an Affect


    It changes the way we deal with situations
    Has an important impact on the way people deal
    with computers

    15
    Affects according to Donald Norman

    “Negative affect can make it harder to do even easy


    tasks; positive affect can make it easier to do difficult
    tasks.”
    D. A. Norman, Emotion and design: attractive things work better

    16
    Design Implications

    In situations of stress people will be less able to cope


    with complex problems
    If relaxed people tend to forgive
    Avoid bad interfaces
    Built positive response

    17
    Individual Differences
    Humans have similar capabilities and limitations in
    general
    Psychological principles and properties apply to the
    majority of people
    But individuals are different
    Should account for them as far as possible in our
    design
    18
    Design of interactive systems
    Guidelines
    ◦Retrieval cues
    Models to support design
    ◦Predictive models
    Techniques for evaluation
    ◦Empirical techniques

    19
    In the Next Lecture

    Relationship between activities and technology

    20

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