Java SE 7 Preview

Alex Miller

Blog: http://tech.puredanger.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/puredanger
 History
Nov, 2008
Feb, 2002 Sept, 2004 Dec, 2006 Java SE 6 ??
J2SE 1.4 J2SE 5.0 Java SE 6 Update 10 Java SE 7

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

assert generics scripting support Java Kernel

regular expressions annotations JAX-WS Java Quick Starter
IPv6 autoboxing Java compiler API Nimbus LAF
NIO enumerations pluggable annotations Java Plugin NG
Logging API synth LAF SwingWorker, etc
Image I/O API enhanced for loop
XML/XSLT varargs
Security/crypto Java Memory Model
Java Web Start concurrent library
static imports
 Full Menu
Modularity Types and Generics
• Project Jigsaw • Reified Generics
• JSR 294 Superpackages • Type Literals
Libraries • JSR 308 Annotations on Java Types
• JSR 203 NIO2 • Type Inference
• JSR 275 Units and Quantities Language Proposals
• JSR 310 Date and Time API • Closures
• JSR 166 Concurrency Utilities • Automatic Resource Mgmt Blocks
• JSR 225 XQuery API for Java • Language level XML support
• JSR 284 Resource Consumption Mgmt • JavaBean property support
Swing • BigDecimal operator support
• JSR 296 Swing Application Framework • Strings in switch statements
• JSR 295 Beans Binding • Comparisons for Enums
• JSR 303 Beans Validation • Chained invocation
• Java Media Components • Extension methods
JMX • Improved catch

• JSR 255 JMX 2.0 • Null handling improvements

• JSR 262 Web Services Connector JVM

• invokedynamic
Tools
• JSR 326 Post-mortem JVM Diagnostics API • Tiered compilation

• JSR 260 Javadoc Update • G1 garbage collector

Who Decides?

Danny Coward

...and of course the

Java SE 7 JSR
Expert Group
 Status du jour
Modularity Types and Generics
• Project Jigsaw YES • Reified Generics NO
• JSR 294 Superpackages YES • Type Literals NO
Libraries • JSR 308 Annotations on Java Types YES
• JSR 203 NIO2 YES • Type Inference YES?
• JSR 275 Units and Quantities NO? Language Proposals
• JSR 310 Date and Time API HMM • Closures NO
• JSR 166 Concurrency Utilities YES • Automatic Resource Mgmt Blocks NO
• JSR 225 XQuery API for Java YES? • Language level XML support NO
• JSR 284 Resource Consumption Mgmt NO • JavaBean property support NO
Swing • BigDecimal operator support NO
• JSR 296 Swing Application Framework YES • Strings in switch statements HMM
• JSR 295 Beans Binding NO • Comparisons for Enums HMM
• JSR 303 Beans Validation HMM • Chained invocation HMM
• Java Media Components YES? • Extension methods HMM
JMX • Improved catch YES?

• JSR 255 JMX 2.0 YES • Null handling improvements YES?

• JSR 262 Web Services Connector YES JVM

• invokedynamic YES
Tools
• JSR 326 Post-mortem JVM Diagnostics HMM • Tiered compilation HMM

• JSR 260 Javadoc Update NO • G1 garbage collector YES

• Compressed pointer 64 bit VM YES
 Focus
Modularity JMX
• Project Jigsaw • JSR 255 JMX 2.0
• JSR 294 Superpackages • JSR 262 Web Services
Libraries Connector
• JSR 203 NIO2 Language Proposals
• JSR 310 Date and Time API • Strings in switch
• JSR 166 Concurrency Utilities • Comparisons for Enums
Swing • Chained invocation
• JSR 296 Swing Application • Extension methods
Framework • Improved catch
• JSR 303 Beans Validation • Null handling
• Type Inference
JVM
• invokedynamic
 Java Modularity

• JSR 294: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=294

• Project: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/
modules
JAR Hell
 Jar Hell in Action

Dependency management is one of the

most important (and challenging) features
of modern software development
 Module Development
org.foo

// org/foo/api/FooFighters.java:
org.foo.api
module org.foo;
package org.foo.api;
org.foo.domain
public class FooFighters {
public static FooFighters newBand() {
org.foo.impl
return new org.foo.impl.FooFightersImpl();
}
}
org.foo.util
 Module Development
org.foo

// org/foo/impl/FooFightersImpl.java:
org.foo.api
module org.foo;
package org.foo.impl;
org.foo.domain
module class FooFightersImpl
implements FooFighters {
org.foo.impl
// etc
}
org.foo.util
 Module Development
// org/foo/module-info.java:
org.foo
@Version(“2.3”)
@MainClass(“org.foo.Foosball”)
@ImportModules {
org.foo.api
@ImportModule(name=”java.se.core”,
version=”1.7+”)
@ImportModule(name=”org.bar”,
org.foo.domain
version=”1.0”, reexport=”true”)
}
@ExportResources({“org/foo/icons/**})
org.foo.impl
module org.foo;

org.foo.util
 Packaging
javac ... // as usual

jam cvf org.foo-2.3.jam

org/foo/*
org/foo/api/*
org/foo/impl/*
org/foo/domain/*
org/foo/util/*
 JAM Contents
/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF // Normal jar manifest
/MODULE-INF/MODULE.METADATA // Module metadata
/MODULE-INF/bin/xyz-windows.dll // Native libs
/MODULE-INF/bin/xyz-linux.so
/MODULE-INF/bin/yyz.jar // Other jars
/org/foo/module-inf.class // Compiled module info
/org/foo/**.class // Normal class files
/org/foo/icons // Resources
 Module Resolution
Module A Bootstrap Bootclasspath
(1.0)

Extension ESOM

Module B Module C
(2.0) (4.1)
Global Classpath

Module C
(3.2)
OSGi Maven URL
 Project Jigsaw

• Modularize the JDK itself

• Integrate at low level
• Integrate with native packaging
• NOT a JSR but part of JDK 7
 NIO 2

• JSR 203: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=203

• Project: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/nio
 NIO 2 Themes

• New file system API

• Asynchronous I/O on sockets and files
• Completion of socket channel work
 java.io.File problems
• Many methods return boolean
• No copy / move support
• No symbolic link support
• No change notification support
• Limited support for file attributes
• Not extensible
 New file system API

• FileRef - represents file object in system

• Path - extends FileRef, binds a file to a
system-dependent location
• FileSystem - interface to file system
• FileStore - underlying storage system
 File System API
AttributeView
WatchKey WatchEvent

File
WatchService Watchable AttributeView

BasicFile Named
FileRef
AttributeView AttributeView

Directory
FileSystems FileSystem Path Stream

Files

FileStore Paths

FileVisitor

Directory Directory
StreamFilters Stream.Filter
FileVisit
Result
 Using Path
import java.nio.file.*;

// FileSystems -> FileSystem -> Path

FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystems.getDefault();
Path homeDir = fileSystem.getPath(“/Users/amiller”);

// Shortcut with Paths helper class

Path homeDir = Paths.get(“/Users/amiller”);

// Resolve one path in terms of another

Path relativeTemp = Paths.get(“temp”);
Path absoluteTemp = relativeTemp.resolve(homeDir);

// Get relative path from a base

Path absoluteProfile = Paths.get(“/Users/amiller/.profile”);
Path relativeProfile = absoluteProfile.relativize(homeDir);
assert relativeProfile.isRelative();
assert relativeProfile.getNameCount() == 1;
 Appending to a file
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.*;

Path journal = Paths.get("/Users/amiller/journal.txt");

OutputStream stream =
journal.newOutputStream(CREATE, APPEND);

try {
writeEntry(stream); // normal stuff
} finally {
stream.close();
}
 Copying and Moving

import java.nio.file.*;

Path home = Paths.get("/Users/amiller");

Path secrets = home.resolve("secrets.txt");

// Steal secrets
secrets.copyTo(home.resolve("stolenSecrets.txt"));

// Hide secrets
secrets.moveTo(Paths.get("/Users/dvader/secrets.txt"));
 Walking Directories
Path music = Paths.get("/Users/amiller/files/music");

// External iterator
DirectoryStream<Path> mp3s =
music.newDirectoryStream(“*.mp3”);

try {
for(Path entry : mp3s)
System.out.println(entry.getName());
} finally {
mp3s.close();
}

// Internal iterator
Files.withDirectory(music, “*.mp3”, new FileAction<Path>() {
public void invoke(Path entry) {
System.out.println(entry.getName());
}
});
 Recursive Walk
Path itunes =
Paths.get("/Users/amiller/Music/iTunes/iTunes Music");

public class Mp3Visitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path> {

private Path root;
public Mp3Visitor(Path root) {
this.root = root;
}

public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file,

BasicFileAttributes attrs) {

System.out.println(root.relativize(file));
}
}

Files.walkFileTree(itunes, new Mp3Visitor(itunes));

 File Attributes
Path file = Paths.get(“/usr/bin/perl”);

// true here means follow symbolic links

BasicFileAttributes attrs =
Attributes.readPosixFileAttributes(file, true);
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = attrs.permissions();

System.out.format("%s %s %s",
PosixFilePermission.toString(perms),
attrs.owner(),
attrs.group());

// rwxr-xr-x root wheel

 Watchers
import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKind.*;

Path deploy = Paths.get(“deploy”);

WatchService watcher=FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
WatchKey key = deploy.register(watcher,
ENTRY_CREATE, ENTRY_DELETE, ENTRY_MODIFY);

for(;;) {
key = watcher.take(); // blocks, also can poll
for(WatchEvent<?> ev : key.pollEvents()) {
switch(ev.kind()) {
case ENTRY_CREATE:
Path file = (Path)ev.getContext(); //relative to deploy
// deploy new stuff
case ENTRY_MODIFY: ...
case ENTRY_DELETE: ...
}
}
key.reset(); // reset after processing
}
 What else?
• NetworkChannel

• finish work on channel to network socket

• Multicasting

• DatagramChannel (now supports),

• AsynchronousDatagramChannel (new)

• Asynchronous I/O for files and sockets

• Future or callback style

• Group support - manage thread pools

 Date & Time

• JSR 310: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=310

• Project: https://jsr-310.dev.java.net
• Wiki: http://wiki.java.net/bin/view/Projects/
DateTimeAPI
 A simple example
Date xmasEve = new Date(2008, 12, 25, 23, 59, 59);

Is this right?
 A simple example
Date xmasEve = new Date(2008, 12, 25, 23, 59, 59);

Is this right?

NO!
Correction:
int year = 2008 - 1900;
int month = 12 - 1;
Date xmasEve = new Date(year, month, 25, 23, 59, 59);
 Other Problems
• Date, Calendar, SimpleDateFormatter are mutable

• TimeZone.getInstance() exception handling

• GregorianCalendar time + zone constructor

• Calendars can’t be formatted

• java.sql.Date, Time, Timestamp subclass poorly

• Formatters can’t format Timestamp nanos

• Date does not represent a date

Continuous
 Instants, Intervals, and
Durations
// Create some instants in seconds
Instant start2008 = Instant.instant(1199167200);
Instant start2009 = Instant.instant(1230789600);
assert start2008.isBefore(start2009);

// Create an interval - [inclusive, exclusive] by default

InstantInterval year2008 =
InstantInterval.intervalBetween(start2008, start2009);
assert year2008.contains(start2008);
assert ! year2008.contains(start2009);

// Create a duration in seconds

Duration minute = Duration.duration(60);
Duration hour = minute.multipliedBy(60);
Duration duration2008 = Duration.durationBetween(
start2008, start2009);
Human

+
 Local*, Offset*, Zoned*
// Local human-scale (not tied to TimeZone or Instant)
LocalDate myBirthday =
LocalDate.date(1974, MonthOfYear.May, 1);
LocalTime quittingTime = LocalTime.time(17, 0);
LocalDateTime start2008 = LocalDateTime.dateMidnight(
2008, MonthOfYear.JANUARY, 1);

// Tie to time zone offset of -6 hours from UTC

OffsetDateTime start2008Offset = OffsetDateTime.dateTime(
start2008, ZoneOffset.zoneOffset(-6));

// Tie to current local time zone

ZonedDateTime start2008Zoned = ZonedDateTime.dateTime(
start2008, Clock.system().timeZone());
 Clock
// Use pre-defined system clock usually
Clock clock = Clock.system();

// Create instant
Instant now = clock.instant();

// Create human date / time

LocalDate today = clock.today();
 Controlling time

LocalDateTime y2k = LocalDateTime.dateTime(

1999, MonthOfYear.DECEMBER, 31,
23, 59, 59, 999999999);

ZonedDateTime y2kHere = ZonedDateTime.dateTime(

y2k, Clock.system().timeZone() );

Instant y2kInstant = y2kHere.toInstant();

// Mock around the Clock to test y2k transition

Clock clock = new my.test.ControlTimeClock(y2kInstant);
 Other cool stuff

• Matchers, Adjusters, Resolvers

• Full time zone rule support
• Periods: “8 years, 2 months”
• Formatting and parsing
 Integration

• Date, Calendar, etc - retrofit with interfaces

• JDBC - map to SQL types
• XML Schema - based on same standard so
should be straightforward
 Fork / join

• JSR 166y: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=166

• Project: http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/
concurrency-interest/index.html
Divide and Conquer

Task: Find max value in an array

Divide and Conquer
Divide and Conquer
Divide and Conquer
 ParallelArray

import static Ops.*;

ForkJoinPool fj = new ForkJoinPool(10);

Order[] data = ...
ParallelArray<Order> orders = new ParallelArray(fj, data);
 ParallelArray
import static Ops.*;

// Filter
Ops.Predicate<Order> isLate = new Ops.Predicate<Order>() {
public boolean op(Order o) {
return o.due() < new Date();
}
};

// Map
Ops.Predicate<Order> daysOverdue =
new Ops.ObjectToInt<Order>() {
public int op(Order o) {
return daysOverdue(o.due());
}
};
 ParallelArray

SummaryStatistics<Integer> summary =
orders.withFilter(isLate)
.withMapping(daysOverdue)
.summary();

System.out.println(“overdue: “ + summary.size());
System.out.println(“avg by: “ + summary.average());
Swing App Framework

• JSR 296: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=296

• Project: https://appframework.dev.java.net/
 Swing Application
Framework
Application
initialize(String[])
startup() Action Application
@Action
shutdown() Manager ActionMap
exit()

SingleFrame Resource Resource Resource

Application Manager Map Converter

Session
Storage
Application
Context
Local
Storage SwingWorker

Task Task
Task
Monitor Service
 Beans Validation

• JSR 303: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=303

 Constraints and
Validators

• JavaBeans property validation

• Meta-annotation for defining constraint
annotations
• Core Constraint classes
 Constraints
@ZipCodeCityCoherenceChecker // works on Address itself
public class Address {
@NotNull @Length(max=30)
private String addressline1;

@Length(max=30)
private String addressline2;
private String zipCode;
private String city;

@NotNull @Valid // check object graph

private Country country;

@Length(max=30) @NotNull
public String getCity() { ... }

// normal getters and setters

}
 Validation
Validator<Address> addressValidator = ...
Address address = ...

// Validate all properties

Set<InvalidConstraint<Address>> invalidItems =
validator.validate(address);

// Validate specific property

Set<InvalidConstraint<Address>> invalidItems =
validator.validateProperty(address, “city”);

// Validate potential value for a property

Set<InvalidContraint<Address>> invalidItems =
validator.validateValue(“city”, “St. Louis”);
 JMX 2.0

• JSR 255: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=255

• JSR 262: http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=262
• Project: https://ws-jmx-connector.dev.java.net
 Features
• JMX 2.0 (JSR 255)

• Retrofit with generics

• Use annotations

• Make Open MBeans easier to use

• Generalize monitors to support non-simple types

• Cascaded/federated MBean servers

• Web services connector (JSR 262)

 Language Changes

• Project Coin
 Strings in switch
static boolean isStooge(String stooge) {
switch(input) {
case “Moe”:
case “Curly”:
case “Larry”:
case “Shemp”:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
 Enum Comparisons
enum Rank {
LIEUTENANT, CAPTAIN, MAJOR, COLONEL, GENERAL
}
 Enum Comparisons
enum Rank {
LIEUTENANT, CAPTAIN, MAJOR, COLONEL, GENERAL
}

// Compare using either compareTo() or ordinals

if(rank1.compareTo(rank2) < 0) ...
if(rank1.ordinal() < rank2.ordinal()) ...
 Enum Comparisons
enum Rank {
LIEUTENANT, CAPTAIN, MAJOR, COLONEL, GENERAL
}

// Compare using either compareTo() or ordinals

if(rank1.compareTo(rank2) < 0) ...
if(rank1.ordinal() < rank2.ordinal()) ...

// With enum comparison support can instead do:

if(rank1 < rank2) ...
 Chained Invocation
// Construction with setters
DrinkBuilder margarita = new DrinkBuilder();
margarita.add(“tequila”);
margarita.add(“orange liqueur”);
margarita.add(“lime juice”);
margarita.withRocks();
margarita.withSalt();
Drink drink = margarita.drink();
 Chained Invocation
// Construction with setters
DrinkBuilder margarita = new DrinkBuilder();
margarita.add(“tequila”);
margarita.add(“orange liqueur”);
margarita.add(“lime juice”);
margarita.withRocks();
margarita.withSalt();
Drink drink = margarita.drink();
// Construction with chained invocation
Drink margarita = new DrinkBuilder()
.add(“tequila”)
.add(“orange liqueur”)
.add(“lime juice”)
.withRocks()
.withSalt()
.drink();
 Extension Methods
// I wish List had a sort() method...
List list = new ArrayList();
...
Collections.sort(list); // works for now
list.sort(); // ERROR but cleaner
 Extension Methods
// I wish List had a sort() method...
List list = new ArrayList();
...
Collections.sort(list); // works for now
list.sort(); // ERROR but cleaner

// Maybe we can add it later!

import static java.util.Collections.sort;

List list = new ArrayList();

...
list.sort(); // now this works!
// equivalent to Collections.sort(list);
 Exception boilerplate
// too much boilerplate!!!
} catch(RedException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} catch(BlueException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
 Exception boilerplate
// too much boilerplate!!!
} catch(RedException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} catch(BlueException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}

// Catch common superclass???

} catch(Exception e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
 Multi-catch
public void foo()
throws RedException, BlueException {

try {
...

// Use , to catch multiple types

} catch(RedException, BlueException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
}
 Safe Rethrown
public void foo()
throws RedException, BlueException {

try {
...

} catch(final Throwable e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
}
 Null Handling
Car car = ...
Integer tilt = null;
if(car != null) {
Sunroof sunroof = car.getSunroof()(;
if(sunroof != null) {
tilt = sunroof.getTilt();
}
}

Integer tilt = car?.getSunroof()?.getTilt();

 Type Inference

Map<String, Integer> map =

new HashMap<String, Integer>();

Map<String, Integer> map =

new HashMap<>();
 JVM

• Dynamic language support (JSR 292)

• Method handles
• Interface injection?
• Tail recursion?
• G1 garbage collector
 Favorites?

What was your favorite library change?

What was your favorite language change?
What’s missing?
 Learn more...

• http://tech.puredanger.com/java7
• http://java7.tumblr.com
 Find Me...

• http://tech.puredanger.com
• Twitter: @puredanger