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    Globalization Lec2

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    Justin Paul Tumaliuan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Globalization Lec2

    Uploaded by

    Justin Paul Tumaliuan
    194 views4 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    194 views4 pages

    Globalization Lec2

    Uploaded by

    Justin Paul Tumaliuan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION Where and When did it start?” *1. Hardwired — Our basic human need to make our lives better made globalization possible (Nayan Chanda, 2007). Chanda mentioned that commerce, religion, politics, warfare are the “urges” of people toward a better life. These are respectively connected to aspects of globalization: trade, missionary work, adventures and conquest. 2. Cycles — globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus, finding its origin will be a daunting task. What is important is the cycles that globalization has gone through (Scholte, 2005). Subscribing to this view will suggest adherence to the idea that other global ages have appeared. Hence, globalization may soon disappear and reappear. +3. Epoch — Ritzer (2005) cited Therborn’s (2000) six great epochs of globalization. These are called waves and each has its own origin. Its difference with cycle is that it does not treat epochs as returning. 1. Globalization of religion (4"-7"F century); 2. European colonial conquest (late 15'h century); 3. Intra-European wars (late 18'h- 19'h centuries); 4. Heyday of European imperialism (mid-19'P-1918); 5. Post World War; 6. Post-Cold War period 4. Events — Specific events are also considered as one of the origins of globalization. 1. Roman conquests centuries before Christ (Gibbon 1998); 2. Rampage _ of the armies of Genghis Khan into Easter Europe in 19"? century (Economist Mag, 2006); 3. Premium voyages of discovery (Rosenthal, 2007) — Christopher Columbus's discovery of America in 1942, Vasco da Gama in Cape of Good Hope in (1498) and Ferdinand Magellans’s completion of circumnavigation of the globe in 1552. Pee The recent years could be regarded as the beginnings of globalization with reference to specific technological advances in transportation and communication; first transatlantic telephone cable (1956), the first transatlantic television broadcast 91962), the founding of the modern Internet in (1988), and the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New York (2010). 5. Broader, More Recent Changes — (half of YJ0Mox-ia) (Ula) a.The emergence of the United States as the global power (post-World War II) b.The emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs) c.The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War ...broader, more recent changes a. ...global power - through its military and economic power, US outran Germany and Japan in terms of industry. Both Axis powers and Allies fall behind economically as compared to the new global power. Because of this, the United States soon began to progress in different aspects like in diplomacy, media, film (as in Hollywood), and many more. ...broader, more recent changes b. ...MNCs — Before MNCs came into being, their roots were from their countries of origin during the 18'h to early 19'» centuries. The United State, Germany and Great Britain had in their homeland great corporations which the world knows today. However, they did not remain there as far as their production and market concerned. b. ...MNCs — For example, Ford and General Motors originated in the United States but in the 20'» century, they exported more automobiles and opened factories to other countries. ..-broader, more recent changes c. ...Soviet Union — More recent changes was the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. This event led to the opening of the major parts of the world for the first time since the early 20!h century. Many global processes — immigration, tourism, media, diplomacy and MNCs — spread throughout the planet. This paved way for the so-called “free world”. *China, even though the government remains communist, is on its way to becoming a major force in global capitalism (Fishman, 2006). Moreover, China is also globalizing in terms of other aspects such as their hosting of the Olympics in 2008.

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