QW-451 Procedure Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens

1.
Essential Variables (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition which will affect

the mechanical properties (other than notch toughness) of the weldment (e.g., change in
P-Number, welding process, filler metal, electrode, preheat or post weld heat treatment).
a. Base metal – thickness, P-No.

b. Filler metal – F-No., A-No., Weld Thickness
c. Preheat – Temperature
d. Post Weld Heat Treatment – Thickness
e. Gas – Mixture or %, Purging, Shielding
2. Essential Variables (Performance) – A change in a welding condition which will

affect the ability of a welder to deposit sound weld metal (such as a change in welding
process, deletion of backing, electrode, F-Number, technique, etc.).
3. Supplementary Essential Variable (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition

which will affect the notch-toughness properties of a weldment (for example, change in
welding process, uphill or down vertical welding, heat input, preheat or PWHT, etc.).
Supplementary essential variables are in addition to the essential variables for each
welding process.
f. Base metal – Group No., Impact test thickness limit

g. Filler metal – Diameter > 6 mm, Classification
h. Positions – PQR position
i. Preheat – Inter-pass temperature
j. Post Weld Heat Treatment – Thickness
k. Electrical Characteristics – Heat Input, Current or Polarity
l. Technique – Multiple or single pass / side
4. Non-essential Variables (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition which will

not affect the mechanical properties of a weldment (such as joint design, method of back
gouging or cleaning, etc.).
a. Joint – Groove Design, Backing, Root Spacing, Retainers
b. Filler Metal – Diameter, Classification (Trade Name)
c. Positions – WPS Qualified Position, Vertical Progression
d. Electrical Characteristics – Current or Polarity
e. Technique – String/Weave, Cleaning Method, Back Gouge Method, Multiple to
single pass/side, Manual or Automatic, Peening
QW-451 Procedure Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens:
1. Groove-weld tension tests and transverse bend tests
Range of Thickness T of Maximum Thickness t

Type and Number of Test
Thickness T of Test Base Metal, Qualified of Deposited Weld
Required
coupon (mm) (mm) Metal Qualified
Minimum Maximum (mm) Tension Side Face Root
Less than 1.5 1.5 2T 2t 2 - 2 2
1.5 to 10 (inclusive) 1.5 2T 2t 2 - 2 2
Over 10, but less
5 2T 2t 2 - 2 2
than 19
19 to less than 38 5 2T 2t when t < 19 2 4 - -
19 to less than 38 5 2T 2t when t ≥ 19 2 4 - -

19
QUALITY – Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements.
􀂉 QUALITY POLICY – Overall intentions and direction of an organization related
to quality as formally expressed by Top Management.
􀂉 QUALITY ASSURANCE – Part of Quality Management focused on providing
confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.
􀂉 QUALITY CONTROL –Part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality
requirements.
􀂉 QUALITY MANUAL – Document specifying the quality management system of
an organization.
􀂉 QUALITY PLAN – Document specifying the which procedures and associate
resources shall be
applied by whom and when to a specific project, product, process or contract.
Nonconformity & Action Report (NCAR)

For reporting noncompliances of materials / systems against project
requirements and closing out the same with corrective /
preventive actions (where indicated).
Request for Inspection (RFI)
For making a request in advance (of the stipulated time) for inspection of the
product to Quality / Client / TPI A, as requested.
A WPS is
a written qualified welding procedure prepared to provide direction for making
production welds to Code requirements.
PQR is
a record of the welding data used to weld a test coupon. The PQR is a record of
variables recorded during the welding of the test coupons.
defect.
A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect render a
part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or
specifications. The term designates reject ability. See
Also discontinuity and flaw.
Discontinuity.
An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as a lack of
homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical, or physical characteristics.
A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect. See also defect and flaw.

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1.

Essential Variables (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition which will affect

a. Base metal – thickness, P-No.

2. Essential Variables (Performance) – A change in a welding condition which will

3. Supplementary Essential Variable (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition

f. Base metal – Group No., Impact test thickness limit

4. Non-essential Variables (Procedure) – A change in a welding condition which will

Range of Thickness T of Maximum Thickness t

19 to less than 38 5 2T 2t when t ≥ 19 2 4 - -

Nonconformity & Action Report (NCAR)

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