TEST BANK

CHAPTER 10

INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL STYLE:

HAYDN AND MOZART

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The years between ___________ is known as the Classical Period.

a. 1700-1850
b. 1750-1820
c. 1685-1750
d. 1770-1900
e. 1475-1600

ANSWER: b

2. Identify the culture that particularly fascinated artists during the Classical era.
a. ancient Egypt
b. China
c. Aztec
d. ancient Greece and Rome
e. Ottoman

ANSWER: d

3. The Classical era in music, art, and architecture coincides with the period in
philosophy and letters called the:
a. Age of Absolutism
b. Beginnings of Democracy
c. Celebration of the Individual
d. Industrial Revolution
e. Enlightenment

ANSWER: e

4. Which pair of individuals were important Enlightenment philosophers?

a. Voltaire and Rousseau
b. Luther and Erasmus
c. Lord Byron and Shelley
d. Nietzsche and Kant
e. Decartes and Galileo
 ANSWER: a

5. The tradition of middle-class citizens paying an admission fee and attending a

public performance dates from the Classical era.
a. true
b. false

ANSWER: a

6. Identify the statement regarding comic opera (opera buffa) that does not apply.
a. employed spoken dialogues and simple songs
b. made use of everyday characters and situations
c. it was beautiful, grandiose, somewhat stiff, and expensive to produce
d. featured sight gags and bawdy humor
e. stories often conveyed middle-class values and promoted social change

ANSWER: c

7. Identify the musical trait that first appeared during the Classical period.
a. crescendos and diminuendos specifically indicated in the score
b. precise rhythmic notation
c. reduction of numerous modes to two: major and minor
d. use of homophonic texture
e syncopation

ANSWER: a

8. What innovation made the piano such a popular instrument?

a. assembly line made it cheap to produce
b. since it was smaller than the harpsichord, it took up less room in middle-class
parlors
c. it never went out of tune
d. it could play at more than one dynamic level
e. all of the above

ANSWER: d

9. Which musical instrument did young women of the Classical era usually choose
to learn in order to demonstrate that they possessed status and gentility?
a. cello
b. piano
c. violin
d. trumpet
e. guitar

ANSWER: b
10. Which European capital city was the influential center of Classical style?
a. Athens
b. Paris
c. London
d. Salzburg
e. Vienna

ANSWER: e

11. Identify the statement that does not apply to Vienna during the late eighteenth
century.
a. it was the largest city in Europe
b. it was the capital of the old Holy Roman Empire
c. because it was bordered by vast agricultural lands, the aristocracy
congregated in the city, especially during the winter
d. it was the administrative center for much of Western and Central Europe
e. aristocratic patronage attracted musicians from throughout Europe

ANSWER: a

12. Which individual is not a representative composer from the Classical period?
a. Handel
b. Haydn
c. Mozart
d. Beethoven
e. Schubert

ANSWER: a

13. Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven met with such success that virtually no other
composer was able to be active in Vienna during the Classical era.
a. true
b. false

ANSWER: b

14. As a child this composer’s pleasing voice brought him to the attention of local
church officials; he was sent to Vienna where he was a choirboy at the cathedral
of St. Stephen for 10 years until his voice broke.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b
15. During his late teens and early twenties, he eked out a meager living as a free-
lance musician by giving keyboard lessons, accompanying singers, and
performed at multiple church services each Sunday. His first important job, and
one which he held for nearly thirty years, was as composer and leader of a
wealthy aristocrat’s personal orchestra, and he was required to compose any
music “His Serene Highness” requested.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b

16. As director of music, he was required to write symphonies, divertimentos, and

operas for his patron’s evening entertainment, as well as string trios that his
patron could perform. Further, he was responsible for an orchestra that was
never larger than twenty-five musicians and saw to it that all his musicians
appeared in uniform and followed instructions.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b

17. Initially this composer’s works were “owned” by his aristocratic patron and he
was prohibited from circulating his compositions without special permission.
After “pirated” editions began to appear throughout northern Europe, he was
finally allowed to sell compositions to various publishers.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b

18. __________ was offered a substantial fee to write and conduct works for London
audiences, so he made two visits to the city (1791-1792 and 1794-1795) where
he was treated as a celebrity, presented to the royal family, and awarded an
honorary degree of doctor of music from Oxford. His final twelve symphonies
were first performed there by an orchestra that consisted of about sixty players.
All in all his two trips netted him the equivalent of twenty years’ salary
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b

19. One of the most influential creators of the mature Classical style, he composed
 104 symphonies and was the first to use theme and variations form for a
movement in that genre. Because of his innovations, he is known as the “father
of the string quartet.”
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: b

20. Which composition is considered one of the London Symphonies?

a. Symphony No. 40
b. Symphony No. 5
c. Symphony No. 94, “The Surprise”
d. Symphony No. 6, “The Pastoral”
e. A Little Night Music

ANSWER: c

21. As a child he displayed extraordinary musical talent, playing the piano, violin,
and organ as well as composing by the age of six.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c

22. On his first visit to Vienna at the age of six, this composer and his sister played
for Maria Theresa, Empress of the Hapsburg Empire. A three-year tour of
northern Europe followed during which time he visited many important cities.
The time in London was especially profitable for his music growth, and his first
two symphonies performed there when he was eight.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c

23. After hearing a motet sung in the Sistine Chapel, this composer returned to his
room and wrote it down from memory; the pope later dubbed him a Knight of
the Golden Spur.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c
24. Which musical tradition was not influential in the development of Mozart’s
musical style?
a. Spanish flamenco
b. French Baroque
c. English choral
d. German polyphony
e. Italian vocal

ANSWER: a

25. Mozart found the system of aristocratic patronage irritating, and after several
unpleasant scenes with his patron, the archbishop of Salzburg, he was fired. He
moved to Vienna, determined to make a living as a freelance musician.
a. true
b. false

ANSWER: a

26. Beethoven studied the music of Bach and Handel, and played chamber music
with Joseph Haydn, with whom he formed a lasting friendship and even
dedicated a set of his best quartets to the older composer.
a. true
b. false

ANSWER: b

27. The peak years of his success were between 1785 and 1787 when he composed
many of his greatest works, had numerous pupils, and played several concerts a
week.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c

28. During his final years his music was no longer in vogue with the aristocracy of
Vienna because it was considered too dense and dissonant. Yet in spite of ill
health, he still composed masterpieces. While the precise cause of his death has
never been determined, it probably resulted from kidney failure aggravated by
bloodletting; the only certainty is that he was not poisoned by a jealous rival.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c
29. His more than 650 compositions display diversity, breadth of expression, and
perfect formal control that is only matched by the works of J. S. Bach. The great
German poet Goethe referred to him as “the human incarnation of a divine force
of creation.”
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c

30. He was considered the father of the modern piano concerto, composing twenty-
three original works, most of which were written to impress Viennese audiences
with his dazzling display of keyboard virtuosity.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart

ANSWER: c

SHORT ANSWER

1. Who were the three principle composers who resided in Vienna during the Classical
era?

[Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven]

2. What made the pianoforte more desirable than the harpsichord?

[it could play at more than one dynamic level]

3. What new style of dynamic contrast did composers begin to write into their scores
during the Classical period?

[crescendo and diminuendo]

4. What is the result of the rapid changes in mood, texture, color, and dynamics in
Classical music?

[a new sense of urgency and drama]

5. In which two genres was Haydn influence in the development of the Classical style
most pronounced?

[symphony and string quartet]

6. Although Mozart was the master of every genre in which he composed, he is
particularly noted for two. What are they?

[piano concerto and opera]

ESSAY

1. What political, economic, and social reasons caused Vienna to be such an important
city in the history of eighteenth-century music?

[it was the capital of the old Holy Roman Empire and administrative center for much of
Central Europe; because it was bordered by vast agricultural lands, the aristocracy
congregated in the city, especially during the winter; aristocratic patronage attracted
musicians from throughout Europe]

2. Briefly compare the childhood experiences of Haydn and Mozart up until they began
their careers.

3. Although Haydn and Mozart enjoyed a close friendship, their careers could not have
been more different. Identify four significant points of contrast.

4. Contrast the Baroque and Classical styles of melody, rhythm, and texture using two
representative compositions of your choice.