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    Scope Rules in C

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    Nishat
    Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and can only be accessed within that function or block. Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed throughout the program. Formal parameters are treated as local variables within a function. Local variables take precedence over global variables of the same name.

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    Scope Rules in C

    Uploaded by

    Nishat
    86 views12 pages
    Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and can only be accessed within that function or block. Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed throughout the program. Formal parameters are treated as local variables within a function. Local variables take precedence over global variables of the same name.

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    Scope rules in c crescent education

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    Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and can only be accessed within that function or block. Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed throughout the program. Formal parameters are treated as local variables within a function. Local variables take precedence over global variables of the same name.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views12 pages

    Scope Rules in C

    Uploaded by

    Nishat
    Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and can only be accessed within that function or block. Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed throughout the program. Formal parameters are treated as local variables within a function. Local variables take precedence over global variables of the same name.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Scope Rules in C

    • A scope in any programming is a region of the


    program where a defined variable can have its
    existence and beyond that variable it cannot be
    accessed. 
    • There are three places where variables can be
    declared in C programming language −
    • Inside a function or a block which is
    called local variables.
    • Outside of all functions which is
    called global variables.
    • In the definition of function parameters which are
    called formal parameters.
    Local Variables
    • Variables that are declared inside a
    function or block are called local variables.
    • They can be used only by statements that
    are inside that function or block of code.
    • Local variables are not known to
    functions outside their own.
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main ()
    {
    /* local variable declaration */
    int a, b; int c;
    /* actual initialization */
    a = 10; b = 20;
    c = a + b;
    printf ("value of a = %d, b = %d and c = %d\n", a, b, c);
    return 0;
    }
    Global Variables
    • Global variables are defined outside a function,
    usually on top of the program.
    • Global variables hold their values throughout the
    lifetime of your program and they can be accessed
    inside any of the functions defined for the program.
    • A global variable can be accessed by any function.
    • That is, a global variable is available for use
    throughout your entire program after its declaration.
    • The following program show how global variables
    are used in a program.
    #include <stdio.h>
    /* global variable declaration */
    int g;
    int main ()
    {
    /* local variable declaration */
    int a, b;
    /* actual initialization */
    a = 10; b = 20;
    g = a + b;
    printf ("value of a = %d, b = %d and g = %d\n", a, b, g);
    return 0;
    }
    • A program can have same name for local
    and global variables but the value of local
    variable inside a function will take
    preference.
    • Here is an example −
    #include <stdio.h>
    /* global variable declaration */
    int g = 20;
    int main ()
    {
    /* local variable declaration */
    int g = 10;
    printf ("value of g = %d\n", g);
    return 0;
    }
    Output
    value of g = 10
    Formal Parameters

    • Formal parameters, are treated as local


    variables with-in a function and they take
    precedence over global variables.
    Following is an example −
    #include <stdio.h>
    /* global variable declaration */
    int a = 20;
    int main ()
    {
    /* local variable declaration in main function */
    int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 0;
    printf ("value of a in main() = %d\n", a);
    c = sum( a, b);
    printf ("value of c in main() = %d\n", c);
    return 0; }
    /* function to add two integers */
    int sum(int a, int b)
    {
    printf ("value of a in sum() = %d\n", a);
    printf ("value of b in sum() = %d\n", b);
    return a + b;
    }
    Output
    • value of a in main() = 10
    • value of a in sum() = 10
    • value of b in sum() = 20
    • value of c in main() = 30
    Initializing Local and Global
    Variables

    • When a local variable is defined, it is not


    initialized by the system, you must
    initialize it yourself.
    • Global variables are initialized
    automatically by the system when you
    define them.

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