Name: __________________________Nujod Abubaker

_____________________
 
 
 
 

Unit 1 States of matter 11Qn 2013-

2019
 

 
Date:08-10-2020
 
 
 
 
Time:
 
Total marks available:
 
Total marks achieved: ______
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1
Questions

Q1.
 
Neodymium is a metal used in powerful magnets.

(a)  One stage in the extraction of neodymium from its ore is to heat neodymium fluoride with calcium.
The table shows the melting points of the substances in this stage of the extraction.

(i)  Balance the equation for this reaction.

(1)
..........................NdF3 + ..........................Ca → ..........................Nd + ..........................CaF 2
(ii)  At one point in this extraction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is 1100 °C.
Which two substances are solids at this temperature?
(1)
Calcium fluoride and neodymium fluoride
(iii)  Suggest the most likely type of bonding present in neodymium fluoride.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iv)  Neodymium reacts with oxygen to form neodymium oxide.
Suggest the formula of neodymium oxide.
(1)
Neodymium+Oxgyen=Nedoymeium oxidem or Nd2o2

(b)  The diagram shows the particles in neodymium

Explain, with reference to the diagram, why neodymium is malleable and a good conductor of
electricity.
The Neodymium is good conductor of electricity because it particular are all packed together and that
will make the electrons move faster.
(4)

 
(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

Q2.
 
Bromine is an element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

2
(a)  Which of these is the formula for a molecule of bromine?
(1)
   A    2Br

   B    Br2

   C    Br2

   D    Br2

(b)  A small amount of liquid bromine is placed in a gas jar containing air.
The jar is then sealed.
After two minutes, a brown gas is seen just above the surface of the liquid.
After two hours, the whole gas jar is full of the brown gas.

(i)  Which of these is the process that causes the brown gas to fill the gas jar?
(1)
   A    condensation

   B    diffusion

   C    evaporation

   D    sublimation

(ii)  Explain, using the particle theory, the observations seen in the gas jar.
(2)
The the bromine liquid evaporates and than the particles escape from the liquid

(c)  This apparatus is used to demonstrate the movement of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas.

The gases are given off by the solutions at each end of the tube.
When the gases meet, they form a white solid.

3
 Which letter shows the position where the white solid forms?
(1)
   A   

   B   

   C   

   D   

 
(Total for question = 5 marks)
 

Q3.
 
Bromine is a red-brown liquid at room temperature.

Liquid bromine forms a brown gas when warmed.

(a)  Explain what happens to the bromine molecules when liquid bromine is warmed to form a gas.

The air and bromine particles are moving randomly and there are large gaps between the particles. The
particles can therefore easily mix together.
(2)
(b)  Bromine reacts with water to form a mixture of hydrobromic acid, HBr, and hypobromous acid, HBrO.
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
Br2+H2O+ HBr+ HBrO

(1)
(c)  Hydrobromic acid reacts with magnesium carbonate to form a solution containing magnesium
bromide.

Crystals of hydrated magnesium bromide, MgBr2.6H2O, can be obtained from this solution.

(i)  An excess of hydrobromic acid is reacted with 0.125 mol of magnesium carbonate.
Show, by calculation, that the maximum theoretical mass of hydrated magnesium bromide that can
be made is 36.5 g.
[Mr of MgBr2.6H2O = 292]
(3)

4
 (ii)  In an experiment using 0.125 mol of magnesium carbonate, with an excess of hydrobromic acid,
the mass of hydrated magnesium bromide obtained is 26.4 g.
Suggest two reasons why the actual mass obtained is less than the maximum theoretical mass.
(2)
1 )Some of the magnesium didn’t react

2)solution not left for long enough

 
(Total for question = 8 marks)
 Q4.
 The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter.
Each circle represents a particle.

(a)  Use the letters X, Y and Z to give the starting and finishing states of matter for each of the changes in
the table.
The first one has been done for you.
(3)

(b)  Which of these changes takes place when solid iodine is heated to form iodine gas?
(1)
   A    crystallisation
   B    evaporation
   C    melting
   D    sublimation

 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

5
Q5.
 
The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

(a)  Substances can be changed from one state to another.

The box lists some words relating to changes of state.

Complete the table by giving the correct word from the box for each change of state.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(3)

Melting

Evaporation

sublimation

(b)  The particles in a solid are closely packed, arranged in a regular pattern and vibrate about a fixed
position.
Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a gas.

Particles in Gas move of random and quickly and they are not tightly packed together.
Particles are for apurt. Weak focus between particles.
(3)

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q6.This question is about the elements hydrogen and oxygen.

(a)   The circles in the diagrams represent molecules of hydrogen.Place a cross in the box under the
diagram that represents hydrogen gas.
(1)

(b)   The diagram below shows two different atoms of hydrogen.

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 (i)   The particle furthest from the centre of each atom is
(1)
       A    an electron
       B    a neutron
       C    a nucleus
       D    a proton
(ii)   The particle present in atom Y but not in atom X is
(1)
       A    an electron
       B    a neutron
       C    a nucleus
       D    a proton
(iii)   Both atoms are neutral because they have the same number of
(1)
       A    electrons and neutrons
       B    electrons and protons
       C    electrons, neutrons and protons
       D    neutrons and protons
(c)   Different atoms of oxygen can be represented as

Select words or phrases from the box to complete the sentence about these atoms of oxygen.
You may use each word or phrase once, more than once or not at all.

(3)
These atoms of oxygen are called isotopes .

because their number of electrons are the same

but their atomic numbers are different.

 
(Total for question = 7 marks)

7
Q7.
 
Substances can be classified as elements, compounds or mixtures.
(a)  Which of these is the formula for a molecule of an element?
(1)
   A    H
   B    H2
   C    H2O
   D    H2O2

(b)  Which of these is a mixture?

(1)
   A    sodium
   B    chlorine
   C    sodium chloride
   D    sodium chloride solution

(c)  Which method can be used to separate the dyes in a food colouring?

(1)
   A    chromatography
   B    crystallisation
   C    evaporation
   D    filtration

(d)  A student adds a large crystal of sodium chloride to some water in a beaker and leaves the beaker for
a day.
The diagram shows the beaker immediately after adding the crystal, and after one day.

After a day, the student takes a sample from the top of the liquid and tests it to see if it contains
chloride ions.
The test is positive.
(i)  Describe how the student should do the test.Include the observation for a positive test in your
answer.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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 (ii)  Name the process by which chloride ions move from the crystal to the top of the liquid.
(1)
Diffusion

(e)  This apparatus is used in a laboratory to separate a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points.

(i)  The passage describes what happens when the apparatus is used.

Use words from the box to complete the passage.
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
(3)

The mixture of liquids is placed in the flask.

During heating, part of the mixture boils and passes up the condeser .
Water is used to cool the vapour in the thermometer.
(ii)  Which of these changes of state occurs in the separation?
(1)
   A    (s) → (aq)
   B    (l) → (s)
   C    (g) → (l)
   D    (aq) → (s)
 
(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q8.Substances can be elements, compounds or mixtures.

(a)  Which of these is a correct symbol for an element?
(1)
   A   He
   B   H2
   C   H2O
   D   H2O2

(b)  Which of these substances is a compound?

(1)
   A   air
   B   hydrogen

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    C   oxygen
   D   water

(c)  Which of these methods is used to obtain water from a mixture containing salt and water?
(1)
   A   crystallisation
   B   filtration
   C   simple distillation
   D   titration

(d)  Paper chromatography is used to separate the dyes present in some inks.

A sample of ink, P, is spotted on to some chromatography paper.
Four known inks, A, B, C and D, are also spotted on to the same paper.
The diagram shows how the experiment is set up and the paper at the end of the experiment.

(i)  State why the solvent level should not be above the base line at the start of the experiment.
The solvent level has to be below the starting line of the TLC, otherwise the spots will dissolve away
(1)

(ii)  Explain which dye, present in one of the inks A, B, C or D, is also present in ink P.
(2)
Because the colours are the same they have spots as the sane height
(iii)  State why ink D does not move during the experiment.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iv)  Dyes have an Rf value that can be calculated using this expression.

Complete the table for the dye in ink A.

(2)

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(e)  The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate diffusion.

(i)  The word equation for the reaction that occurs in this experiment is
ammonia + hydrogen chloride → ammonium chloride
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
(1)
NH3 + HCl →NH3H
(ii)  Draw a circle around each of the two state symbols that could be included in the chemical equation
in part (e)(i).
(1)

 
(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q9.
 
In chemistry, the state symbols (s), (l), (g)  and (aq) are often used.

(a)  The table shows some changes of state.

Complete the table to show the state symbol before and after the change.
(3)

(b)  Some marble chips are added to a solution of hydrochloric acid.

Complete the equation for the reaction that occurs by writing the appropriate state symbol after each
formula.
(2)

(c)  Which state symbol is used most often for the elements of the Periodic Table at room temperature?
(1)
 solid
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

11
Q10.The compound with the formula H2O can exist in three states of matter. The names of these three
states are shown in the boxes.
The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent changes of state.

(a) The particles of H2O are arranged differently in each state.

(i)  In which state are the particles furthest apart?
(1)
In the steam
(ii)  In which state do the particles have the least energy?
(1)
In the Ice
(iii)  In which state are the particles arranged in a regular pattern?
(1)
In the Ice

(b)  (i)  Change of state 1 is called

(1)
   A    boiling
   B    condensing
   C    freezing
   D    melting

(ii)  Change of state 4 is called

(1)
   A    boiling
   B    condensing
   C    freezing
   D    melting

(c)  The term sublimation is also used for a change of state.

Sublimation is the change of state from
(1)
   A    solid to liquid
   B    liquid to gas
   C    gas to liquid
   D    solid to gas

(d)  Heat energy is released when steam changes to water.

(i)  What term is used to describe this type of energy change?

Condensation

(ii)  Write an equation, including state symbols, for the change of state from steam to water.
H2O(G)=H2O(I)
(1)

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 (Total for question = 8 marks)
Q11.
 
The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

The diagram shows how the particles are arranged in each of these states.

(a)  Use words from the box to show the changes of state labelled X, Y and Z.
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
(3)

X) Boiling

Y) Condensing

Z) Freezing

(b)  Which statement best describes the movement of the particles in a gas?
(1)

   A    The particles vibrate about fixed positions.

   B    The particles slide past one another.

   C    The particles move freely.

   D    The particles do not move at all.

(c)  The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to measure the melting point of a solid.

The solid is placed in a small tube. The small tube is then put into a liquid contained in a beaker.

The liquid is gently heated and the temperature at which solid Q melts is recorded.

13
 (i)  Give the name of the apparatus labelled P.
(1)

Thermometer

(ii)  Solid Q melts at 140°C.

Explain why water is not a suitable liquid to use in this experiment.

(1)
Because they don’t have the same boiling point
(iii)  Suggest why the liquid in the beaker needs to be stirred constantly.
So to keep the liquid at an even equal temperature throughout
(1)

 
(Total for Question = 7 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
 

14
 
(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

Q2.
 

15
 

Q3.
 

16
17
 

Q4.
 

Q5.
 

18
 

Q6.

Q7.
 

19
20
 

Q8.
 

21
 

Q9.
 

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q10.

22
Q11.
 

23