“Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India unfettered by the

traditions of the past. An expression of the nations faith in the future”

- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

• A need for the capital

• Rehabilitating refugees

• A rich cultural legacy like Lahore

• A vision of the future

• A centre for governance

HISTORY
Site selection

• Mountainous region • Central location

• Sufficient water supply • Natural drainage
• Moderate climate • Shivalik hills

•The site was the sub mountainous area of the Ambala district about 150 miles north
of New Delhi.

•The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of agriculture land dotted with grooves
of mango trees , consisting of 59 villages

HISTORY
The name
Chandigarh derives its name from the deity ‘ Chandi‘ ‐ the goddess ofpower.
‘garh‘ ‐ the fort.
gave the city its name "Chandigarh ‐ The City Beautiful".

•The gently sloping plains on which

Chandigarh exist was in the past, when
the Himalayas were young, a wide lake
ringed by a marsh.

•The fossil remains found at the site testify

to a large variety of aquatic and
amphibian life.

•Some 8000 yrs ago Chandigarh was

home to the Harappans. Their stone
implements, ornaments, and copper
arrow heads unearthed during the
excavations in the 1950s and 1960s
testify this

HISTORY
•Located near the foothills of the shivalik range of the Himalayas.
• Kandi (Bhabhar) region in the north-east.
• Sirowal (Tarai) region and alluvial plain in remaining part.
•The area is drained by 2 seasonal rivulets Sukhna Choe in east and
Patiala- ki-rao in west.
• Haryana in the east and Punjab in the north , west and south.

• The site covers 114 sqm area approximately

• The general ground level range between 1000 to 1200 feet
• 1 % grade giving a general adequate drainage.

• Extreme climates.
• Cold dry winter.
• Hot summer.
• Sub-tropical monsoon.
• 4 seasons – Summer Rainy Post monsoon Winter.
•Winds are generally dry.

•Direct road connections with Patiala, Rajpura, Ludhiana and other

towns.
•Rail connections with Delhi.

GEOGRAPHY
ALBERT MAYER

•Fan shaped master plan.

•Spreads gently to fill the site

between the two river beds.

•A curving network of main

roads surrounds the
residential blocks

•It contains a central area of

parkland

•The overall pattern avoids a

geometric grid in favor of a
loosely curving system.

•The plan does not read as a

monumental capital

GEOGRAPHY
MATHHEW NOWICKI

GEOGRAPHY
LE CORBUSIER
 Le Corbusier planning strategies

• Planned with focus on urban design , architectural aesthetics, preservation of

natural environment, conservation of buildings and open spaces , hierarchical
road network.

• Divided the human functions into work, living and leisure with strict zoning.

• City planning was against the traditional Indian cities.

• Replaced the native Indian town plan into superblocks .

• Post war ‘Garden city’

• Le modular system

• Analogous to human body

Head – capitol (place of power)

Heart – the city centre

Stomach – the commercial area

Arms – university and Industrial

zone

Lungs – leisure valley ,open spaces

Arteries – network of roads

 Capitol Railwayline

Patiali-ki-rao Sukhna choe

V2
University area City
centre
Industria
l area

TOWNPLANNING
TOWNPLANNING
 •The primary module of a city's design
is a sector, a neighborhood unit of
size 800meters x 1200 meters.

•Each sector is a self sufficient unit

having shops, school, health centers
and places of recreations and worship.

•The population of a sector varies

between 3000 and 20000 depending
upon the sizes of plots and the
topography of the area

TOWNPLANNING
Principles of urban planning

• Convenient walking distance for social

services like schools and shopping centers.

• Street system
• major roads should not pass through
residential neighborhood.
• Internal road pattern should encourage quite ,
safe , low volume traffic movement.
•

• Facilities
• Orderly arrangement of facilities which would
be shared common by the residents
• A unit having shops, school, health centers
and places of recreations and worships.
• blocks are divided in sectors.
• Each sector is self sufficient unit having all
facilities .
• These sectors varies depending upon the
size and the topography of the area.
Chandigarh fact file-
HOUSING-
Lower category residential buildings are governed by a
mechanism known as “frame control” to control their facades.

This fixes the building line and height and the use of building
materials.

Certain standard sizes of doors and windows are specified and all
the gates and boundary walls must conform to standard design.

This particularly applies to houses built on small plots of 250

square metres or less.
Roads system-
An integrated system of seven
road types.

Pathways for cyclists

Roads intersected at right angles

forming a grid.

Hierarchy of movement.

Residential areas segregated

from the traffic.
An integrated system of seven road types

• V-1-- Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns

• V-2 -- arterial roads

• V-3 -- Fast vehicular roads

• V-4 -- Meandering shopping streets

• V-5 -- Sector circulation roads

• V-6 --Access roads to houses

• V-7 -- footpaths and cycle tracks

• Buses will ply only on V-1, V-2, V-3 and V-4 roads.
V1 – main road connecting other towns

Pedestrian path V4 - shopping street(were in the shop keepers

stay above the shops)
 Leisure valley

• A green sprawling space extending

north-east to south-west along a
seasonal river let gradient and was
conceived by Le Corbusier as the
“lungs” of the city.
• This valley houses the series of fitness
trails, amphitheatre and spaces for
open-air exhibition.
• Rock garden designed by
NekChand in 1957 .
Sectors:
• The basic planning of the
city is a sector
• to accommodate 3,000 to
25,000 persons.
• 30 sectors in Chandigarh
• 24 are residential.
• The sectors surrounded
by high speed roads
• bus stops every 400m.
• The main principle of the
sector is that never a door
will open on the
surrounding of fast
vehicular road.
• The size of the sector is
based on the concept of no
pedestrian need to walk for
more than 10min .
Building typologies: • The basic typology
is extremely rectilinear
with similar proportions.
• Residential units are
arranged around central
common green spaces
with different shapes.
Series of development
Layer1 (sector layer)

• Divided in sectors

• Industrial

• Residential

• Public
Layer 2(road
pattern)

• Transport
interchange
nodes

• Road
connectivity

• Division of
spaces
Layer 3

• Railway
station

• International
airport
Layer 4(peripheral
layer)

• Land for
industries

• Distributive
trade

• Transport routes
 Layer5 (agricultural
layer)
• New development
nodes identified
• 8km Agricultural belt
was created (to
prevent unregulated
development around
the master plan )
• The belt was built for
planned future
extension of the city.

1952
Layer6 (state layer)

• Other city nodes

identified for
development .
REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY OF THE
CITY
The city has good connectivity with the other surrounding region KALKA
by road, rail andair.
PINJORE
Roadconnectivity
RAILWAYstation
Chandigarh is well connected with the national capital by NH-21
CHANDIGARH
which passes through the city. The four laning of the highway and AIRPORT
the construction of a number of flyovers and bypasses has made it
a fast travel corridor reducing travel time considerably. The city is
also well connected to the major towns in Punjab, Haryana and
Himachal Pradesh byroad.

MAP SHOWING REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

The recent upgradation of the National Highway – leading to

Shimla and the construction of a bypass around the towns of
BUS STAND,SECTOR-17
Pinjore and Kalka have removed the major traffic bottleneck in
the road toShimla.

The Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) in Sector 17 was the main
ISBT for a number of decades till the recent construction of the
ISBT in Sector 43. The new ISBT provides Interstate bus
connectivity on all routes except for a few long route buses plying
from ISBT Sector-17. The ISBT in Sector 17 will eventually be used
as a localbusterminus.
INTER STATE BUS TERMINUS,SECTOR-43
 PLAN P1 : ORIGINAL CIRCULATION NETWORK AND TRANSPORTATION NODES

TOMULLANPUR
BS
SECTOR RAILWAYSTAT
-17

TOAMBALA

AIRPORT

ISBT, SECTOR43

RIND
A
RAILWAYCONNECTIVITY
The rail connectivity to the city is through twin track railway lines
from Delhi and Mumbai upto Ambala , a single track broad gauge
thereafter upto Kalka and a narrow-gauge single track between
Kalka and Shimla having heritage value. The recently built single
track Chandigarh to Morinda railway line provides rail
connectivity toPunjab.

Besides serving the city, Chandigarh‘s railway station located in

the north-eastern periphery of the city near the Industrial Area
also serves the goods and the passenger traffic of the
neighbouring region including the towns of Panchkula and
Mohali. Direct access to the railway station from the Panchkula
side has been facilitated.

With the increase in the frequency and number of trains together

with faster speed and greater comfort, rail has become an CHANDIGARH RAILWAY STATION
important modeoftransport.

AIRCONNECTIVITY
Located on the south eastern corner of the city and built in the
fifties, Chandigarh’s airport remains under the Ministry of
Defence but also serves as a domestic airport. Over the years,
direct flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Jammu, Srinagar, Jaipur, Leh and
Bengaluru have been introduced with a daily footfall of around
2,000 passengers at the local airport. The proposal to start
international flights has been under active consideration for
sometime.
OLD TERMINAL OF NEW TERMINAL OF
A new, fully air-conditioned terminal building, equipped with CHANDIGARHAIRPORT CHANDIGARHAIRPORT
modern facilities, has been built recently with a capacity to
accommodate 500 passengers at a time. Chandigarh’s airport
today is among the best airports in the country in the category of
B classcities.
The airport is in the process of being further upgraded as an
international airport as a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and
the Airport Authority of India on 300 acres of land in Punjab.
THE PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT THE GREEN BELT

⚫ The Periphery Control Act of 1952 created a

wide green belt around the entire union
territory. It regulated all development within
16 kilometers of the city limit, prohibited the
establishment of any other town or village
and forbade commercial or industrial
development. The idea was to guarantee that
Chandigarh would always be surrounded by
countryside.
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
THE AREA OF THE GREATEST SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE IN CHANDIGARH WAS THE CAPITOL
COMPLEX , WHICH IN ITS FINAL FORM WAS BASED ON THE DESIGN OF A GRAET CROSS AXIS
THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF THE BUILDINGS CONSTITUTING THE CAPITOL- RIGHT,THE
PARLIAMENT, LEFT,IN THE BACKGROUND, THE SECRETARIAT
IN THE FOREGROUND, THE POOL OF THE PALACE OF JUSTICE
THE ARTIFICIAL HILLS IN THE FRONT OF THE SECRETARIAT HAVE NOT BEEN CREATED AND
LAID OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH COEBUSIERS CONCEPTIONS
ALTHOUGH THE SCENE IS HARMONIUS IN EFFECT, THERE ARE STILL MISSING THE
BUILDINGS THATBELONG HERE, SUCH AS , FOR INSTANCE, THE TOWERS OF SHADOWS
Positive highlights Negative highlights
•First modern architecture of Indian city •City not planned according to
planning. Indian tradition and culture.
•Each sector satisfies the necessities of •Roads being similar to each
human needs. other creates confusion.
•Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle •Brutal concrete gives a
and heavy vehicles. rough look.
• Visually powerful. •City not planned for lower
•Open spaces in front of shopping income people.
centers. •Existence of slums around
•Buildings designed as triple storied shop the city.
cum flats. •Large open spaces in front of
• Shops on ground floor. the city center makes people
• Residence on upper floor. lost in those places.
•Continuous verandah in front of the
shop.
• Shop protected from rain and sun.
•As a covered walkway for the
customers.
Chandigarh : The beautiful city-
Presented By-
Geetgunjan Patel
Charu Jain
Devyani saha