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CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT LITERATURE

ELT 111- BSED 3 English
Week 7 and 8

Course Instructor : Rosalie M. Blanca

rosaliemallorca0485@gmail.com
Mobile #09300351868

At the end of these weeks the learner is expected to:

 identify suitable children and adolescent literary texts for each genre which will suit learners’ gender, needs,
strengths, interests, and experiences
 perform creative presentations, storytelling, and drama appropriate as adapted from children and adolescent
literature

What is poetry?
Poetry is an artistic expression of thought and emotion in rhythmical language. Poetry is a kind of verbal music.
Poetry Is like a musical score that must be interpreted by the human voice in order to get the fullest enjoyment. The poet
uses words for sound effects as the musician uses musical notes.

Qualities of Poetry
1. Poetry has musical and rhythmic qualities that children enjoy.
2. Poetry appeals to the imagination. The poet makes us see what he has seen and feel what he has felt. He makes
use of words and phrases that are descriptive, sensory and associative.
3. The emotional content of poetry must be sincere, worth expressing, and must be universal in appeal. A great poem
must speak of experiences common to all people.
4. Subjects of poetry for children must be varied. They must be subjects familiar to children and can add new and
richer meanings to their experiences.

Classification of Poetry
Poetry can be classified according to form or according to their subject content:
Types of Poetry according to form:
A. Narrative Poems tell a story and relate events.
Kinds of Narrative Poems:
1. Ballads
2. Epics
3. Metrical romances
B. Lyric Poems Express the feeling, the mood, and the personality
Kinds of Lyric Poems:
1. Songs
2. Pastoral Poems
3. Sonnets
4. Elegy
5. Ode

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 Learning Activity #1
Surf the internet or read a literature book and find the meaning of these literary terms listed below and
give one example in every literary term.

Ballads Epics
Metrical romances Songs
Pastoral Poems Sonnets
Elegy Ode

Mother Goose Rhymes

Part A. Historical Perspective

Original Mother Goose books share the characteristics of two types of literature: folktales and rhymes.

1. Folktales
1697 - Charles Perrault’s "Tales of Mother Goose" ("Contes de ma mère l'Oye") or called
"Histories and Tales of Long Ago, with Morals" was published in France. This book
contained none of the rhymes associated with Mother Goose, but a collection of eight
famous folk tales, including "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood ", "Little Red Riding Hood"
, “Blue Beard”, “The Master Cat; or, Puss in Boots”, “The Fairies”, “and "Cinderella; or,
The Little Glass Slipper”, “Ricky of the Tuft”, and “Little Thumb”.

1729 - Perrault's tales were translated into English by Robert Samber. The words on the
frontispiece were "Mother Goose's Tales".

2. Nursery Rhymes
1744 - The earliest known collection of nursery rhymes called "Tommy Thumb's Song Book" was published in London
by Mary Cooper
1765 - The single most important promoter of the designation of Mother Goose as writer of children's rhymes was John
Newbery (1713-1767). He adopted this name for a collection of mostly traditional rhymes: "Mother Goose's Melody" or
called "Sonnets for the Cradle." The date for publication of this important edition is agreed by scholars to be about 1765
(1760-1766). It was a little volume, described as a compilation of traditional English nonsense songs and rhymes. It
contained 52 rhymes each with its own black and white illustration.
1786 - Isaiah Thomas published the first authorized American edition of "Mother Goose's Melody".

3. The Term "Mother Goose"

"Mother Goose" was associated with a mythical teller of nursery rhymes for young children. No one is sure where
Perrault found this name. It may be given to a woman who, in early times, kept the village geese and who was the
traditional community storyteller.
In 1860, a claim was made that the originator of the tales was Elizabeth Goose, great-grandmother of publisher Isaiah
Thomas's wife. Scholars have searched fruitlessly for the supposed "ghost volume" which simply does not appear to exist.

Part B. Characteristics of Mother Goose Rhymes

1. Sources:
Mother Goose rhymes are derived from war songs, romantic lyrics, proverbs, riddles, political jingles and lampoons, and
street cries (the early counterparts of today’s television commercials). Few of these rhymes were initially intended for
children.

2. Protagonists:
The heroes of Mother Goose rhymes typically come from the lower walks of life.

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Examples: “Old Mother Hubbard”, “Simple Simon”, “Solomon Grundy” and “Tom Tom the Piper’s Son”.
Those that include kings and queens are often comical and irreverent.
Examples: “Sing a Song of Six Pence”, “Old King Cole” and “The Queen of Hearts (1, 2)”

3) Violence or Fun?
Mother Goose rhymes are often criticized for their share of violence.
Examples: “Rock a Bye Baby” , “Three Blind Mice” , “There was an Old Woman who Lived in the Shoe”, and “Peter,
Peter, Pumpkin Eater”.

However, the violence in nursery rhymes is not sensationalized. There are no terrifying elements and the context of the
violence is not only fictional but absurd.
It can be argued that this verbal expression of aggressive behavior may help children to vent natural hostilities and pent-up
anxieties.

In fact, it is fun to read Mother Goose rhymes. Their delightful nonsense and eccentric characters remain with us long
beyond childhood.

Part C. Mother Goose Rhymes and Child Development

1.Cognitive Development
Learning Numbers and Counting
 Examples: “One, Two, Buckle My Shoe” , “One, Two, Three, Four, Five/Once I caught a fish alive”, “Ten Little
Monkeys”, “Ten Green Bottles” and “As I was going to St. Ives Rhyme”.
 Learning Alphabet
Examples: “Alphabet Rhyme”, “A Picture Alphabet Rhyme”, and “The Alphabet in Rhyme and Song”.
 Developing Reading Skills (including word-recognition skills, vocabulary and structural knowledge, and content
knowledge)

 Developing a Sense of Humor (appreciation of nonsense)

2. Aesthetic Development
 Nurturing a Love of Sounds and Rhythms

Examples: “Hickory Dickory Dock”, “Humpty Dumpty” , “Diddle Diddle Dumpling, My Son John”, and “Hey diddle
diddle, the cat and the fiddle” For tongue twisters, see examples: “How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck?”,
“Peter Piper”, and “Betty Botter”.
 Developing Sensitivity to Pattern
 The idea of pattern forms the basis of much art, for pattern results in order and beauty.
**Listen to rhymes at Educational Activities Inc.

3. Social and Physical Development

 Many nursery rhymes are based on cooperative play. They require physical coordination and social interaction.
Examples: “Pat-a-Cake, Pat-a-Cake” (a clapping rhyme), “Bingo” (a clapping rhyme), and “London Bridge is Falling
Down” (an action rhyme).

** See more “Chants, Clapping Games, and Jump Rope Rhymes”.

Part D. Illustrators of Mother Goose Rhymes

Alexander Anderson:
He designed and wood engraved the book “Illustrations of Mother Gooses Melodies” published by Evert Duyckinck and
Charles Moreau in 1873. See “There was an old woman, she liv'd in a shoe”, “Jacky, come give me your fiddle” and
“Two Blind Men”.

Walter Crane:

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Between 1867 and 1876, Crane produced over thirty so-called "toy books". He took these books so seriously that he
worked over every page, including the typography, so that it came out a well-composed whole. His "Baby’s Opera” and
"Baby's Bouquet" (1877) were a series of English nursery songs with words, music, and pictures.

Randolph Caldecott:
Around 1878 he began to work on the picture storybooks. He transformed the world of children's books in the Victorian
era. His illustrated Mother Goose rhymes in paper-covered book form are among his loveliest and most original creations.

1. He is often described as the father of the modern picture book, being the first to really explore and experiment
with the relationship between text and image. Before Caldecott, illustration generally duplicated the story
conveyed by the words, but the two became fused together, making complete sense only when viewed as a whole.

2. His art is characterized by an economy of line and a playfulness of manner that make his work appealing even
today, more than a century after his death.

3. The American Library Association annually awards the Caldecott Medal, which began in 1938 and was named in
his honor, to the illustrator of the most distinguished children’s picture book published in the United States.

See “The Queen of Hearts” (1881) and “Sing a Song of Sixpence” (1880).

Kate Greenaway:
She illustrated the book “Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes” published in London in 1881.

1. She is best known for sugar-sweet pictures of innocent children and girls in bonnets. Her light, sketchy style was
uncommon at the time, with the traditional illustrators trying to get as much detail and "verisimilitude" into their
drawings as possible.

2. The Kate Greenaway Medal, sponsored by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals in the
U.K., has been given annually to the illustrator of the most distinguished children’s book published in the U.K.
since 1957.

See an example of Kate Greenaway’s work.

Blanche McManus:
She illustrated the book “The True Mother Goose - Songs for the Nursery” or called “Mother Goose's Melodies for
Children” published in Boston in 1895. Her works have a comic touch. See “Jack Sprat”, “Little Miss Muffet”, “Sing a
Song of Sixpence” and “Pat-A-Cake”

Arthur Rackham:
He illustrated the book "The Nursery Rhymes of Mother Goose" for St. Nicholas Magazine in 1913. In his illustrations,
there are earthy old witches and eerie creatures. His pictures are very alive with details and some of them are surrealistic.
See “Little Miss Muffet”, “Hey! Diddle, Diddle, the Cat and the Fiddle” and “As I Was Going to St. Ives”.

Blanch Fisher Wright:

She illustrated the book “The Real Mother Goose” in 1916 and 1944. The lines in her works are clean and sharp and the
characters are well-defined. See “Jack Sprat”, “Humpty Dumpty”, “The Queen of Hearts”, “Pat-A-Cake”, and “Sing a
Song of Sixpence” (find more at Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes at byGosh.com).

Learning Activity #2:

Part E. Learning Activity:

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Choose two from the Title of the Nursery Rhymes listed below, surf the internet and study the visual interpretations of the
following rhymes write it on your activity notebook or on a long bond paper. Copy also the Nursery Rhymes that you
have chosen and put it on a short bond paper. To make it more creative and attractive, you can insert pictures in each
Nursey Rhymes.

 Little Miss Muffet

 Humpty Dumpty
 Jack Sprat Could Eat No Fat
 Three Blind Mice
 Pat-A-Cake
 Hush-A-Bye-Baby
 Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat
 Old Mother Hubbard
 Sing a Song of Sixpence
 The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe

What Is a Picture Book?

A picture book is a book, typically for children, in which the illustrations are as important as—or more important
than—the words in telling the story. Picture books have traditionally been 32 pages long, although Little Golden Books
are 24 pages. In picture books, there are illustrations on every page or on one page of every pair of facing pages.

Common Categories of Children's Picture Books

Picture Book Biographies: The picture book format has proved effective for biographies, serving as an introduction to
the lives of a variety of accomplished men and women. Picture book biographies such as
"Who Says Women Can't Be Doctors: The Story of Elizabeth Blackwell," by Tanya Lee
Stone with illustrations by Marjorie Priceman and "The Boy Who Loved Math: The
Improbable Life of Paul Erdos," by Deborah Heiligman with illustrations by LeUyen
Pham, appeal to children in grades one to three.

Many more picture book biographies appeal to upper elementary school kids, while still
others appeal to both upper elementary and middle school kids. Recommended picture book biographies include "A
Splash of Red: The Life and Art of Horace Pippin," written by Jen Bryant and illustrated by Melissa Sweet, and "The
Librarian of Basra: A True Story of Iraq," written and illustrated by Jeanette Winter.

Wordless Picture Books: Picture books that tell the story completely through illustrations, with no words at all or a very
few embedded in the artwork, are known as wordless picture books. One of the most
stunning examples is "The Lion and the Mouse," an Aesop's fable retold in illustrations by
Jerry Pinkney, who received the 2010 Randolph Caldecott Medal for picture book
illustration for his book. Another wonderful example that is often used in middle school
writing classes as a writing prompt is "A Day, a Dog" by Gabrielle Vincent.

Classic Picture Books: When you see lists of recommended picture books, you'll often see
a separate category of books titled Classic Children's Picture
Books. Typically, a classic is a book that remained popular and accessible for more than one
generation. A few of the best-known and best-loved English language picture books
include "Harold and the Purple Crayon," written and illustrated by Crockett Johnson,
"The Little House" and "Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel," both written and
illustrated by Virginia Lee Burton, and "Goodnight Moon" by Margaret Wise Brown,
with illustrations by Clement Hurd.

Examples of Picture Books:

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 “Don’t let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do.”
– John Wooden

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