Machine Model REGC_B

Model REGC_B
Renewable Energy Generator/Converter

Rate limits on reactive current for recovery after fault. 𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄 = per unit current that corresponds to reactive power
Upward limit is active when Q gen0 > 0
𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 = per unit current that corresponds to real power
Downward limit is active Qgen0 < 0
𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 + 𝑗𝑗𝐼𝐼 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = desired current injection in phase with terminal voltage
Q gen0 Iqrmax 𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 = per unit voltage in phase with terminal voltage
𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 = per unit voltage out of phase with terminal voltage
𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄 𝑉𝑉𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = per unit terminal voltage magnitude at last time step
1 𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 −1 θ = per unit terminal voltage angle at the terminal bus
1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔 1

Iqrmin
REEC_ 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 = 0 + 𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 + 𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒 converts network interface
Model 𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑉𝑉𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 + 𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 − 𝐼𝐼𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒 equivalent from Norton to
Thevenin
𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃
_ Rup
1
𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 X ∑ ÷
+ 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔 1 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 + 𝑗𝑗𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒
Rdown 2 1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒
States: 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 4
1 – Iq 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 �𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 + 𝑗𝑗𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 �𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗θ +
0 1 1 0 1 --
2 – Id 𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑
3 – Vmeas
1.0 1.0 𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒
5
4 – Eq
1 θ 𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗θ
𝑉𝑉
5 – Ed
1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 Vterminal
3 0.01 Parameters 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 and 𝐷𝐷𝑄𝑄𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 are also used in
Implementation of the rrpwr Rate Limit (Changed 10/21/2019)
The parameter rrpwr represents an absolute value rate limit. It applies in the algebraic network equations to enforce maximum current.
direction of the present sign of Ip. Thus it can be written as follows These parameters should match the corresponding
If Ip >= 0 then Rup = +rrpwr Else Rup = +Infinity
If Ip <= 0 then Rdown = -rrpwr Else Rdown = -Infinity parameters in models such as REEC_A, REEC_B, REEC_C, etc.
Network Boundary Equations Explanation
Model States: 𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 , 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 Model Parameters: 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 , 𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒 , 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 , and 𝐷𝐷𝑄𝑄𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 .
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 + 𝑗𝑗𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒 1 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑗𝑗𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = �𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑗𝑗𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 �𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
𝐺𝐺 + 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 +𝑗𝑗𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒
+ 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 +
𝐺𝐺 = 𝑅𝑅2 +𝑋𝑋 2
+
_ �𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 + 𝑗𝑗𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 �𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗(𝜃𝜃) 𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
𝑒𝑒
−𝑋𝑋
𝑒𝑒
𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 + 𝑗𝑗𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒_𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
𝐵𝐵 = 𝑅𝑅2 +𝑋𝑋𝑒𝑒 2 𝐺𝐺 + 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
_ 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒
𝑉𝑉 = �𝑒𝑒 2 + 𝑓𝑓 2
At start of each algebraic solution reset and assume that the current limit is not being hit and thus Norton current on the network
reference frame is equal to the following.
𝑒𝑒𝐸𝐸 −𝑓𝑓𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝑓𝑓𝐸𝐸 +𝑒𝑒𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝑒𝑒𝐸𝐸 −𝑓𝑓𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝑓𝑓𝐸𝐸 +𝑒𝑒𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞
𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 � 𝐺𝐺 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 � 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 � 𝐵𝐵 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 � 𝐺𝐺.
During the algebraic solution if the terminal current exceeds the maximum current limit (𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ), then the algebraic network equations
transition to a constant current instead for the remainder of that algebraic solution. Calculation of the terminal current is as follows.
𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = �𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 𝐺𝐺 − 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝐵𝐵� − 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = �𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐸𝐸𝑞𝑞 𝐺𝐺� − 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
2
If this exceeds the maximum total current �𝐼𝐼2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝐼𝐼2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 > 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 �, then calculate parameters 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 and 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 based on 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 .
DQFlag <> 0 DQFlag = 0
If 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ) > 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 then If 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎�𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 � > 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 then
If 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 < 0 then 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 If 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 < 0 then 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Else 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = +𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 Else 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = +𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0
Else Else
𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
2 2
If 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 < 0 then 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −�𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2
If 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 < 0 then 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −�𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
− 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
2 2
Else 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = +�𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2
Else 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = +�𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
− 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

Using the values of 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 and 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 model a current injection but include a hard-code 𝐾𝐾𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 term to prevent convergence trouble
when trying to push current into a fault. Our assumption is that these converters are never going to create a current that actually causes
a local voltage collapse. We are not modeling the fast controls that prevent this from occurring, so we just assume in the algebraic
network equations that the current falls off with a smooth function of voltage as follows (𝑉𝑉𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ = 0.4 is hard-coded).
𝑉𝑉 𝜋𝜋
�1 − cos �𝑉𝑉 �� ; For all 𝑉𝑉 < 𝑉𝑉𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ
𝐾𝐾𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = � 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ 2
1 ; For all 𝑉𝑉 ≥ 𝑉𝑉𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ
This gives us the following Norton currents when assuming we are stuck at a limit. Reminder: 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 + 𝑗𝑗𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 is the Norton current so the 𝐺𝐺
and 𝐵𝐵 terms are added so that the terminal current matches the max current.
𝑒𝑒𝐼𝐼 −𝑓𝑓𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝐼𝐼 +𝑒𝑒𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟 = 𝐾𝐾𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 � 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑉 � + (𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 − 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵) and 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 = 𝐾𝐾𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 � 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑉𝑉 � + (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒)