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    Factors Affecting Stability of Complexes

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    ABDUL HANAN
    The document discusses three main factors that affect the stability of metal complexes: resonance effect, steric effect, and crystal field stabilization energy. The resonance effect increases stability by delocalizing electrons between the ligand and metal. Steric effect decreases stability when bulky substituents on ligands cause steric hindrance. Crystal field stabilization energy is a thermodynamic factor where higher energy means greater stability, such as for low spin d6 complexes of platinum and iridium.

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    Factors Affecting Stability of Complexes

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    ABDUL HANAN
    840 views5 pages
    The document discusses three main factors that affect the stability of metal complexes: resonance effect, steric effect, and crystal field stabilization energy. The resonance effect increases stability by delocalizing electrons between the ligand and metal. Steric effect decreases stability when bulky substituents on ligands cause steric hindrance. Crystal field stabilization energy is a thermodynamic factor where higher energy means greater stability, such as for low spin d6 complexes of platinum and iridium.

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    FACTORS AFFECTING STABILITY OF COMPLEXES

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    The document discusses three main factors that affect the stability of metal complexes: resonance effect, steric effect, and crystal field stabilization energy. The resonance effect increases stability by delocalizing electrons between the ligand and metal. Steric effect decreases stability when bulky substituents on ligands cause steric hindrance. Crystal field stabilization energy is a thermodynamic factor where higher energy means greater stability, such as for low spin d6 complexes of platinum and iridium.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    840 views5 pages

    Factors Affecting Stability of Complexes

    Uploaded by

    ABDUL HANAN
    The document discusses three main factors that affect the stability of metal complexes: resonance effect, steric effect, and crystal field stabilization energy. The resonance effect increases stability by delocalizing electrons between the ligand and metal. Steric effect decreases stability when bulky substituents on ligands cause steric hindrance. Crystal field stabilization energy is a thermodynamic factor where higher energy means greater stability, such as for low spin d6 complexes of platinum and iridium.

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    The passage discusses how resonance effect, steric effect, and crystal field stabilization energy can impact the stability of metal complexes.

    Resonance increases the stability of complexes by delocalizing electrons and increasing ligand-metal bonding, as shown by the example of acetylacetonate complexes.

    Steric effect, the presence of bulky substituents, can destabilize complexes by causing steric hindrance, as shown by the example of Ni(II) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands.

    FACTORS AFFECTING STABILITY OF COMPLEXES:

    RESONANCE EFFECT, STERIC EFFECT AND CFST


    ASSIGNMENT # 02 SEMESTER FALL -2020

    Submission Date (December 15, 2020)

    BY

    ABDUL HANAN

    18551507-105

    CHEM-305 (Inorganic Chemistry-II)

    BS-V (B)

    Submitted To

    Dr. Sajjad Hussain Summro

    Department of Chemistry

    UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
    Resonance Effect and Steric Effect

    Resonance Effect:

     Introduction:

     When some molecules, ions, or free radicals cannot be explained by a single structure (energy
    value, bond length, chemical properties), we use two or more structural formulas instead of
    the usual single structural formula this process is called resonance.
     The theory of resonance was put forward by the American chemist L. Pauling in the early
    1830s.
     The resonance effect describes the polarity produced in a molecule by the interaction between
    a lone electron pair and a pi bond or the interaction of the two pi bonds in adjacent atoms.

    Figure 1: Phenomenon of Resonance

     How Resonance Affect the stability of complexes?

    Resonance increases the stability of the complexes. For example, acetylacetonate anion ligand shows
    resonance, and as a result it forms stable complexes upon reacting with metal ion (Figure 2).
    Figure 2: Resonance structure of acetonylacetonate ligand

    The ligand-metal π bonding increases the delocalization of electrons compared to free enolate as
    shown below and leads to increased stability (Figure 3).

    Figure 3: Acetonylacetonate-metal complex

    Steric Effect:

    The presence of bulky substituents in the ligands can affect the stability of the metal complex, and this
    type of destabilization of metal complex due to bulkiness of the substituent is called as steric effect
    [13]. For example, consider the ligand 8-hydroxy quinoline and its methyl substituted derivative 2-
    methyl-8-hydroxy quinolone. Both are bidentate ligands and form chelated complexes with Ni 2+ ion as
    shown in Figure 4.
    Figure 4: Chelating complexes of Ni(II) ion showing steric effect

    The complex (II) is less stable than complex (I) because of bulky group attached to an atom adjacent
    to donor atom which cause a steric hindrance and lower the stability of the complex.

    Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE):

    The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) is one of the most important factors that decides the
    stability of the metal complexes. CFSE is the stability that arises when a metal ion coordinates to a set
    of ligands, which is due to the generation of a crystal field by the ligands. Thus, a higher value of
    CFSE means that the complex is thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert. Some of the notable
    examples of complexes that have high CFSE are low spin 5d6 complexes of Pt4+ and Ir3+ and square
    planar 5d8 complexes of Pt2+. All these complexes are thermodynamically stable and kinetically
    inert, which undergo ligand substitution reactions extremely slowly.
    References:

     https://www.intechopen.com/books/stability-and-applications-of-coordination-
    compounds/stability-of-metal-complexes

     https://www.slideshare.net/Ernest13/the-factors-that-affect-the-stability-of-complexes

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