Cambridge O Level: Physics 5054/21 October/November 2020

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PHYSICS 5054/21
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2020
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2020 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
PUBLISHED
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) accelerating or increasing speed B1

decreasing acceleration or speed increasing at a decreasing rate or reaches a constant speed B1

1(a)(ii) initially acceleration is due to force of gravity / weight (only) or force of gravity / weight larger than air resistance from B1
(t = 0 to ≈ 7 s)

air resistance increases (with speed) B1

resultant force decreases / becomes zero or forces balance or air resistance equals weight B1

1(b) two different pairs of co-ordinates from straight-line section of graph seen C1

correct use of co-ordinates in a division C1

48 – 52 m / s A1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) it / a scalar does not have a direction B1

2(b) displacement and force underlined B1

2(c)(i) direction (of motion) is changing B1

velocity is changing (with time) or it is accelerating (which requires a resultant force) B1

2(c)(ii) gravitational attraction / field of the earth B1

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Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) ( Γ =) Fx⊥r or 25 × 0.72 C1

18 N m A1

3(a)(ii) (WD =) Fx|| or Fπr / 2 or 25 × 4.5 / 4 or 25 × 1.13 B1

28 J B1

3(b) moment due to force P is greater B1

distance of X to hinge is greater than distance from where force F acts B1

Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) it decreases B1

4(a)(ii) it does not change B1

4(b)(i) (c =) sin–1(1 / n) or sin–1(1 / 1.6) or sin–1(0.625) C1

39° A1

4(b)(ii) reflected ray at Z and i = r and no refracted ray B1

ray strikes vertical face perpendicularly and undeviated in air B1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) X, Y and Z to be two (or three) different metals B1

5(b)(i) (output / thermoelectric) electromotive force / e.m.f. / voltage B1

5(b)(ii) linearity indicates whether the output (voltage) is directly proportional to something B1

directly proportional to the temperature difference (between the junctions) B1

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5054/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
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Question Answer Marks

5(c) any two from: B2


measures rapidly varying temperatures / quick response / small heat
capacity
electrical output / output can be fed directly into a computer
measures high temperatures / large range
robust
precise location
remote reading

Question Answer Marks

6(a) iron core and two coils wrapped around core B1

input and output clear and more turns on secondary / output coil B1

6(b) magnetic field mentioned B1

alternating current (a.c.) produces magnetic field that varies B1

core channels magnetic field to secondary coil and electromagnetic induction B1

6(c) less energy transferred to thermal energy in wires B1

(because) smaller current (for a given power) B1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) joining together of (smaller) nuclei / hydrogen nuclei B1

releasing (large amounts of) energy B1

7(b) hydrogen reacts to produce helium B1

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Question Answer Marks

7(c)(i) gravitational potential energy to internal energy / kinetic energy C1

gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy to internal energy / light A1

7(c)(ii) energy emitted by (infrared / electromagnetic) radiation B1

energy loss is equal to / balances energy from fusion reaction B1

Question Answer Marks

8(a) (normal) force per unit area or (normal) force ÷ area B1

8(b)(i) (p =) hρ g or 25 × 1000 × 10 C1

2.5 × 105 Pa A1

8(b)(ii) 1.0 × 105 Pa B1

8(c)(i) pressure increases with depth B1

pressure / force on outer face greater than that on inner face B1

resultant force on piston B1

8(c)(ii) pressure increases and more collisions (of molecules with walls of cylinder) B1

more frequent collisions or more collisions per unit area B1

molecules have less distance to travel between collisions (with walls) or molecular density greater B1

8(c)(iii) curve with negative gradient and gradient of decreasing magnitude B1

negative gradient at V0 and approaches x-axis asymptotically B1

8(c)(iv) atmospheric pressure varies or temperature varies B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(c)(v) molecules touching or (very) close together (and cannot be forced closer) B1

(repulsive) forces between molecules (very) large B1

Question answer Marks

9(a) (oil) hotter initially or cooler finally B1

temperature difference (between oil and freezer) decreases B1

loses energy faster when hotter or more slowly when cooler B1

9(b) molecules move more slowly or less kinetic energy or less internal energy B1

level decreases and oil contracts / volume of oil decreases B1

oil / liquid contracts more than glass / solid or molecules move closer B1

9(c)(i) –10°C B1

9(c)(ii) (attractive intermolecular) force between molecules or liquid solidifies B1

(intermolecular) potential energy decreases (as molecules move closer) B1

thermal energy lost (to freezer) is potential energy lost or latent heat lost B1

9(d)(i) (Q =) mlf or 0.045 × 5.7 × 104 C1

2.6 × 103 J A1

9(d)(ii) 0.36 J / s or 0.36 W B1

9(e) specific heat capacity of liquid oil is smaller (than of oil in solid state) B1

the temperature decreases more quickly (in liquid state) B1

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Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) (resistance) is directly proportional to length B1

10(a)(ii) (resistance) is inversely proportional to (cross-sectional) area B1

10(b) (R = ) 6.4 × 7.5 × 10–4 / 100 or 4.8 × 10–n (n is an integer) C1

4.8 × 10–5 Ω A1

10(c)(i) energy / work done in driving a charge round a circuit or energy transferred to electrical energy B1

energy / work done per unit charge or energy / charge B1

10(c)(ii) (R =) 6.4 + 9.6 or 16 C1

(V =) 1.2 × 6.4 / 16 or current = 1.2 / 16 or current = 0.075 C1

0.48 V A1

10(c)(iii) trace moves vertically away from centre line B1

moves distance of 2.4 cm B1

remains horizontal or distance moved by trace directly proportional to distance moved by jockey or comment about tape B1

10(d)(i) the battery lasts twice as long as the single cell B1

10(d)(ii) no effect or trace moves in an identical manner B1

e.m.f. of identical cells in parallel equals the e.m.f. of a single cell B1

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