Y%So<od ud<s.dj yd iene¢ ysif;,a .

Efï pdß;%h ms<sn| ixCIsm;

uyfj, r;kmd, ysñ"

iyldr lÓldpd¾h" md,s yd fn!oaO wOHhk wxYh"

fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h"

iuia; f,daljdiS fn!oaOckhdf.a uqÿka u,alv f,i ie<flk Y%S o<od ud<s.dj Y%S ,dxflah
fn!oaO ixialD;sl wkkH;dfõ fldaIagd.drh hs' o<od.ukh yqfola wd.ñl jYfhka muKla
fkdj ixialD;sl" foaYmd,ksl yd idudÔh jYfhka o m%fndaOhla we;s l< ft;sydisl
ixisoaêhls' lS¾;s Y%S fï>j¾K rciufha mgka ^ls%'j' 301-328& woH;k hq.h olajd u Y%S ,dxflah
iudcú[a[dKfha .dul n,h njg Y%S o<od jykafia m;a j we;' f,dal fn!oAO Wreufha
wiydh ixfla;h f,i iïNdjkdjg md;% j we;s Y%S o<od jykafia Y%S ,dxflah rdcH;ajfha
ixfla;h f,i ckú[a[dKh ;=< lsodneiSu ;=<ska ,dxflah fn!oaO ixialD;sl yrmoaO;sh
fmdaIKfhys,d ,nd § we;s odhl;ajh wk,am h'

Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaO ixialD;sfha flakaøSh ,CIHh f,i wE; w;S;fha mgka u iïNdjkjg md;%
j we;s o<od jykafia fn!oaOhdf.a uqÿka u,alv f,i fuka u rdcH;ajfha ixfla;h f,i;a
,dxflah ixialD;sl ux.,Hhka yd olajkqfha iqix.;Ndjhls' we;eï ixialD;sl ux.,Hkaf.a
ftkaøSh jHqyh Rcqj u o<od jykafia yd iïnkaO jk w;r we;eï ixialD;sl ux.,Hhka
Y%So<od ud<s.djg u wdfõKsl f,i ilia l< úfYaI iqNuqyq¾;hkag wkqj isÿflf¾'

ls%'j' 1592 Y%So<od jykafia lkao Wvrgg jevuùu;a iu. u o<odj yd iene¢ fm!rdKsl
pdß;%ud,dfõ wNsj¾Okhla isÿjkakg úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i j¾;udkfha m%isoaO j mj;sk
rdclSh wuq;=uq¿;eka mQcdj Y%S ùrmrdl%u kf¾kaøisxy rdcHfhdaofha oS wdrïN lrkakg we;ehs
ie<fla' lkaoWvrg rdcOdksh o<od ixialD;sh yd iïnkaO iqúfYaIS lvbï .Kkdjla iksgqy ka
lrk b;d ;SrKd;aul ld,mßÉfþohls' úfYaIfhka u 1815 miq hg;aúð; hq.h ;=< § isÿ jQ
foaYmd,ksl mßj¾;kfha n,mEu fuys,d ;SrKd;aul h' rcq fjkqfjka tlS pdß;% bgqlsÍug
Èhjvk ks<fïjrfhl= m;a lr.ekSu fuys,d m%uqLia:dkhla .kS'

o<od i;r uyd ux.,Hfhda o<od j yd ne÷Kq ckú[a[dKfha iajNdjh ukdj fmkakqï lr;s'

 w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh

1
fuu i;r uyd ux.,Hhka uq,ald,Sk j rdchH;ajh;a rdcH;ajfha meje;au;a mqrjeishkaf.a
rdcHh mdCIslNdjh m%lg lsÍu;a Wfoid meje;ajqK o miqld,Sk j o<od jykafia uq,alrf.k
isÿflfrk cd;sl W;aij njg m;aù ;sfí' ^fyar;a 2015 ( 57&

fulS Ydia;%Sh jHdhduh ;=<ska wfmaCIdlrkqfha Y%So<od ud<s.hg u wdfõKsl whqßka isÿflfrk
ysif;,a.Efï pdß;%h ms<sn| ixCIsma; úúrKhla lsÍu hs' tfy;a Ydia;%Sh jYfhka wdjrKh l<
fkdyels pdß;%jdß;% iuqodhlska fyì fulS ixialD;sl wx.h ms<sn| ,shù we;s fyda isÿlr we;s
m¾fhaIK w;sYh ÿ¾,N ùu fuys,d uy;a wNsfhda.hla jQ w;r we;eï mdrïmßl ixialD;sl
yrmoaO;Ska ks,Sk iajNdjfha mej;Su w.h lsÍu o fuys,d wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;= h'

isxy, w¿;a wjqreÿ Wodj yd ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h

iq¾hd ók rdYsfha isg fïI rdYsh olajd rdYs.;ùfï kCI;%uh ls%hdoduh ;=<ska isÿjk mdßißl
ßoauh ckÔú;h yd noaOlr.ekSfï WmßjHdhduhla f,i ie<lsh yels w¿;a wjqreÿ Wodj isxy,
ixialD;sfha úYsIag;ajh ukdj úoydmdkakd jQ iqúfYaIS ixialD;sl ux.,Hhls' wgqfldgq
wiajekafkka msÍf.dia ckuki mS%;Sfhka uqim;a jk wjêhl iajNdoyfï wisßh ta yd
noaOlr.;a udkjfÉIagdjkaf.a ixfla;lrKhla f,i w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh ye¢kafõ'

W;a;r Ndr;Sh ixialD;sl wdNdIfha ,CIK o m<g lrk isxy, w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh Ñrd.;
iïm%odhdkql+, pdß;%-jdß;%úê rdYshlska iuQfma; h' ckhdf.a ldhsl fuka u udkisl
m%fndaOh;a tfiau wdfrda.hH" iemiïm; yd jdikdj Wodlr.ekSfï wÈgk;a fulS jdß;%hka
yryd m%ldYs; h'

isxy, w¨;a wjqreÿ pdß;% yd rdcH;ajh w;r mj;skqfha wúfhdackSh iïnkaOhls' fuh iQ¾h
jkaokhlg jvd isxy, rdcHfha w.kqjr isg m¾hka; .ïudk olajd iEu ck fldgila u rcq
iu. iïnkaO;d mj;ajd kj j¾Ihg msúiSfï .eñ ixialD;sl m%ldYhla f,i ie<lsh yels h'
^fyar;a 2015 ( 62&'

rdcH;ajh yd w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh w;r ixYla;Ndjh ms<sn| 17 jk ishjfia bx.S%iS cd;sl
isrlrefjl=j isá frdnÜfkdlaia fufia jd¾;d lrhs'

—w¨;a wjqreÿ Èkfha§ rc;=ud úiska úrd.; j mj;ajdf.k tkq ,nk isß;aúê
úfYaIla fjhs' idudkHfhka w¨;a wjqreÿ Èkh ud¾;= udifha 26"28"29 jeks Èkhl
ths' fï ojfia WoEikla fiau wjÈjk rc;=ud kel;a;djkaf.a WmfoaY mßÈ
biafidaod iakdkh lrhs' isxy, wjqreÿ W;aijh jQ l,S ,lajeishd b;d jeo.;a
fldg i<lk Wf<,ls' ^fkdlaia frdnÜ 1992( 159&

tfy;a 1815 isxy,fha wjika rcq bx.s%iSka úiska w,a,d .ekSfuka miq o<od jykafia Wfoid
meje;s rdcH;ajh yd iene¢ pdß;%hkaf.a hïlsis fjkia ùula isÿúh' tkï —rcqg b;d

2
ióm fiajd bgql< Èhjvk ks,fïg rcqf.a ld¾hNdrh mejÍu hs' fï ksid rcq fjkqfjka
bgql< ld¾hNdrhka miqld,Sk j Èhjvk ks<fï úiska o<od jykafia fjkqfjka bgql<
nj fmfka' fï ksid rcq bgql< tu ld¾hh bgqlsÍug fyj;a isxy, wjqreoao fjkqfjka
o<od ud<s.dfõ tu W;aijh meje;aùug;a Bg wod< kele;a iïmdokh;a o<od ud<s.dfõ
Èhjvk ks<fïf.a m%Odk;ajfhka isÿ jQ nj fmfka' ^fyar;a 2015 ( 62&'

fulS il,úO pdß;%iuqodhka idudÔh jYfhka mqoa., wdpdrúoHd;aul t<Uqï mdol lr.ksñka
ilia fldg we;s w;r u isxy, ixialD;sfha uqÿka uq, f,i ie<lsh yels h' jDoafOdamfiajkh
yd jDoaOm%pdhkh o fuys wêwjOdrKhlg ,lafldg we;' mrmqfrka mrmqrlg wiam¾YSh jQ
ixialD;sl Wreuhka odhdo lsÍfï ixúê; l%ufõohla f,i o w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh w;sYh
jeo.;alula Wiq,hs'

w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh yd ne÷Kq ish¨ pdß;% w;r wydr wkqNjfhka wk;=re j fhfok ysif;,a
.Efï pdß;%h m%uqLia:dkhla .kS' fndfydaúg .fï úydria:dkh mdol lrf.k ysif;,a.Efï
pdß;%h ls%hd;aul jk uq;a fï i|yd Ndú;d jk ia:dk y;rla y÷kd.; yels h'

 .fï mkai,
 foajd,h fyda fldaú,
 fjord," .=rejrhd" we÷rd" jeks .fï m%N+jrfhl=f.a ksfjila
 ;u ;ukaf.a ksfjia

fuu ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h i|yd fhdod.kq ,nkqfha T!IO j¾. .Kkdjla ñY%lsÍfuka
idod.kq ,nk kdkq yd T!Iêh f;,a ñY%Khls' kdkq idod.ekSu i|yd l,d÷re w," l=ïl=umamq"
iqÿy÷ka" úIaKql%dka;s" f.dafrdapk" iiai|uq,a" bßfõßh" kiakdrka uq,a" iejekaord uq,a"
fk¿ïovq" f.dvudfk,a w," fn,suq,a" fjksje,a .eg iy B ;K fhdod.efka' fïjd iuj f.k
;<d fï i|yd u f.ka jQ w,q;a uqÜáhg oud m; wg folg is| ,efnk kdkqj,g foys weUq,a yd
fndam;a hqI oud fyd| yeá ñY% lr fmrd.; hq;= h'1 ysif;,a .Efï § kdkq iu. ysfia .Eug
miaf;,a o fhdod .efka' miaf;,a hkq óf;,a" wnf;,a" ;, f;,a" fldfydT f;,a" iy tvre
f;,a hk f;,a j¾. mfya tl;=j h'

fufia ilialr.;a kdkq yd miaf;,a ñY%Kh wdf,am lrkqfha ta fjkqfjka u msrejg yd mdjv
fhdod ilialr.;a úfYaI ia:dkhl h' tys§ ysif;,a .Efï kel; iu.u ne,sh hq;= ÈYdj o
we¢h hq;= jia;%j, j¾Kh o ysig yd mhg ;eìh hq;= fld< j¾. ms<sn|j o oelafõ' fuys §
fndfyda úg ysig fndam;a" kq.m;a" fyda kdfld< o mhg fldfydU fyda u`.=,a lr|m;% o fhdod
.efka'

1
fuu kdkq idod.ekSfï ms<sfj< yd Ys% o<odud<s.dfõ isÿflfrk kdkquqr ux.,Hh w;r iïnkaO;djla fkdue;'
tys,d kdkq idod.eksfï l%ufõoh o óg yd;amiska u fjkia fõ'

3
woH;kh jk úg ysif;,a.Eu w¨;a wjqreÿ pdß;%hla f,i m%isoaO j mej;=K o ft;sydisl
jYfhka .;al< fuh rdclSh wNsfIal ux.,Hh yd ine¢ iqúfYaIS pdß;%hla f,i mej;=K njg
idOl mj;S' zwNsfIalZ hkak uQ,sld¾:fhka mQckSh iakdkh f,i ie<flk w;r fuh mqoa.,hd
fj; ÈjHuh n,h wdfrdamKh lsßfï ux.,Hh f,i o ye¢kafõ' fuys wdrïNh mQckSh;ajhg
fyj;a Y=oaO;ajhg m;alrkakg fhÿKq c,h fyda f;,a tlS mqoa.,hdf.a ysig biSu ;=<ska wdrïN
fõ' ^Abhiseka originally implied ceremonial purification by bathing, especially in a sacred river.
But he concedes, more strictly Abhiseka is the rite in which a person is invested with power by
being sprinkled with sanctified water or oil and it is an inauguration or initiation ceremony.
Thus, Abhiseka is a consecration rite and besprinkling primarily by anointing or sprinkling,
usually with water or to pour out towards.& (Benjamin Walker, 1968: 83) fulS wNsfIal ux.,Hh
ms<sn| pdß;%h rdciQh yd wYajfïO hd.hkaf.a wksjd¾hh wx.hla jQ w;r —wisßu;a bkaÈhdj˜
.%ka:fha§ nIdï i|yka lrkqfha fuh rcqf.a ÈjHuh moúm%dma;h
s iksgqyka lrkakla f,i tl,
ie<l=K nj hs'

Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh

o<od jykafia Wfoid isÿflfrk mQcdjka tajd isÿflrk ld,h wkqj m%Odk fldgia ;=klg
fnod oelaúh yels h'

 ffoksl f;ajdj yd mQcdj

w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh" ñka jirlg jrla isÿflrk mQcdjka yd j;dj;a .Khg wh;a fõ' w¨;a
wjqreÿ ux.,Hhg mQ¾jfhka jevys¢k ud<s.dfõ iqKq msßhï lSßï wd§ m%;sixialrK lghq;=
f;ajdNdr kdhl ysñhkaf.a wêCIKh hgf;a isÿflf¾' jHjydr udil%uh wkQj wfma%,a udifha
isxy, wjqreÿ Èkj, Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ w¨;a wjqreÿ ux.,Hh isÿlrkq ,efí' Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ
kel;a fudfydÜgd, úiska iqodkï flfrk kel;am;%hg wkqj wjqreÿ ixl%dka;s fõ,dfõ lsß
b;srùfuka fuh wdrïN fõ' fuu lsß b;sßùfï wjia:dj i|yd f;ajdfõ kshq;= uyd
ix>r;akfha lsym
s kula yd Èhvk ks<fïjrhd iyNd.S fj;s' o<od jykafia jevys¢k ud<s.hg
wdikakfha fyaúis uKavmh wNshi fuu lsß b;srùu isÿflfrk w;r óg iudkj u
m,af,aud,hg m%fõYjk jk ia:dkfha o kshñ; Y=NÈYdjkag wNsuqLfldg fuu lsß b;srùu
isÿlrkq ,efí' ;j o wjqreÿ Èkh nodod Èkhla fjf;d;a tÈk kdkquqr ux.,Hh lsÍu o wjqreÿ
ux.,Hhg wh;a fõ'

4
tfy;a nodod Èkh wjqreÿ Wodj isÿjk Èkhg miqj Wod fõ kï" w¿;a wjqreÿ Wodj;a iu.u
lKaGiakdkh kï pdß;%hla bgqlrkq ,efí' fuh kdkquqrhg iudk wdldrfhka isÿjk w;r
lKaGiakdkh hkqfjka woyia lrkq ,nkafka f.f<ka my< fldgi muKla iakdkh lrùu h'

Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h

Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h isÿflrkqfha o<od ud<s.djg u wdfõKsl f,i ilia
lrkakg fhÿKq kele;a m;%hlg wkqj h' th ysif;,a.Efï pdß;%h iïnkaO idudkH
idudcfha mj;akd kele;a fõ,djkag wkq.; fkdfõ' Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ysif;,a .efï pdß;%h
isÿ flfrkqfha kdkuqr ux.,Hh;a iu. h' tfy;a fuh idudkHfhka meje;afjk ysif;,a
.Efï pdß;% yd fjkia iajrEmhla Wiq,hs'

kdkquqr ux.,Hh hkq Y%S o<odud<s.dfõ i;shlg jrla tkï i;sfha iEu nododjl u isÿflfrk
f;ajduh ldh¾hhls' ñka ixfla;j;a lrkqfha o<od jykafia ^nqÿka jykafia& iakdkh lrùu hs'
kdkquqrh isÿjk nodod Èkfha w¿hu f;ajdj yd uq¿;eka mQcdfjka miqj o<odjykafia jevisák
.kaOl=áh;a tfiau f.m¨ka nrodh yd l;a;shk nrd|h msßisÿ lsßu isÿflf¾' tfiau u,a
wdikh o we;=¿fldg we;s ish¨ u mQcdNdKav fidod msßisÿ fldg iqj|ÿï w,a,d ;ekam;a lr;s'
kdkquqrh meje;aùu Wfoid iqúfYaIS jQ f;ajdNdKavlÜg,hla mj;sk w;r tajd fjk;a
wjia:djkays Ndú;d lrkq fkd,efí' tmuKla fkdj f;ajd lghq;=j, ksr; jk NsCIQka
jykafia,d o fuu kdkduqrh i|yd Ndú;d lrk isjqre lÜg,h ffoksl f;ajd lghq;= i|yd
Ndú; fkdlr;s' kdkquqr ux.,Hh mj;ajkqfha oyj,a uq¿;eka mQcdjg m<uq j neúka tÈk
kshñ; fõ,djg fmr fodrgq újD; fldg kdkquqrhg iQodkï fj;s' f.mrd< uq¿;ekaf.a isg
fnd,meka o ^WKqmeka& kdkuqrejg f.kú;a NsCIqka jykafiag Ndrfohs' tajd w;r .,.E i÷ka
Èhr o ;sfí' fï wjia:djg m%Odk mKslalsfhda fyaúis jdokhg iQodkï j fyaúis uvqfõ isá;s'
lúldr uvqj o<od .S;sld .ehSug iQodkï j f.dm¿ka nrdofha ol=Km
q i nrd|fha isá;s' wd,;a;s
wïudjre o fou< fnrh yd È. k<dj jodkh lrk msßi o iQodkï j isá;s' ish,a, iïmQ¾K jQ
l,ays .kaO l=áfha isák jÜfgdarerd< úÿ,s iSkqj kdofldg kdkquqrh wdrïN lsÍfï ix{dj
bkaa msg; isák rdcldÍlrejkag okajhs' ta iu`.u ylaf.ärd< ylaf.äh f;jrla msôhs' ta y`v
wefi;a u fyaúis uKavmfha fyaúis jdokh werfò' .kaOl=áfha fodr o ;srh o msg; ;srh o
jvd kdkquqr lsÍu wdrïN lrhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fjkqjg o<od jykafia jev bkakd uyd
lrvqfõ Pdhdj pdß;%dkql+,j wkqlrKhlg ,la flf¾' jÜfgdre rd< o<od lrvqfha m%;sìïNh
levm;g jefgk mßÈ levm; w,a,hs' ta wkQj f;ajd NsCIqj levmf;a Èiajk lrvqfõ
m%;sìïnfhys iqj| f;,a yd kdkq wdf,am lr WKqmekska yd iqj| mekska f;jrla fidod yßhs' ta
ish,a, by< ud,fha isÿfjoa§ fyaúislrefjda jev bkak ud<s.fha jfÜ f;jrla meol=Kq lrñka
jg fyaúis jdokh lr;s' jg ;=k f.dia wjika j;a u .kaO l=áfha rka fodr;a Bg fuydhska
we;s m%Odk ;srh;a ueo iQodkï j isák wd,;a;s wïudjre fofokd wd,;a;s nEu kï pdß;%h

5
bgqlr;s' ta fõ,dfõ wd,;a;s moh jdokh lrk fyaúislrefjda th o wjika lr;s' fï uq¿ld,h
;=< lúldr uvqj o<od .S;sld .dhkd lrk w;r isxydrlaldrfhda fou< fnrh yd È. k,dj
;d,hlg wkqj yvj;s' .kaOl=áfha isÿ jQ kdkduqrh yd f;ajdj ta wdldrfhka u m,af,aud,fha
§;a isÿlrkq ,efí' ^Oïudf,dl ysñ 2015( 130-131& tfia u kdkquqr ux.,Hfhka wk;=re j
mj;ajkq ,nk uq¿;ekamQcdj i|yd úfYaIs; rkamd;%d Ndú;dlrkq ,efí'

Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h yd ne÷Kq ld¾hhka rdYshla mj;S' ysif;,a .Efï
pdß;%hg Èk lsysmhlg fmr f;,a fnod §ula isÿflf¾' tkï Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ilia
lr.kakd T!Iëh f;,a ñY%Kh Y%S kd: foajd, N=ñfha § Y%So<od ud<s.dj yd in|lï we;s
rcuyd úydrj,g yd foajd,j,g fnod fokq ,efí'

Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ ysif;,a .Efï kel; iïu; kel;a fõ,dfjka fjkia fõ' Y%S o<od ud<s.h
;=< fï i|yd fhdod.kq ,nkqfha nodod Èkhls' kele;afõ,dj fjkia jqj o iïu; kele;a
m;%fha oelafjk ysig yd mhg fhÈh hq;= fld< w;= j¾. ta wldrhg u fuys§ o Ndú;d flf¾'
ysif;,a .Efï pdß;%h kdkquqr ux.,Hhg u iïnkaOjk fyhska ta i|yd Ndú;d lrkqfha o
kdkquqr ux.,Hfha§ Ndú;d jk f;ajd WmlrKu h' ysif;,a.Efï pdß;%fhka wk;=re j
kdkquqr ux.,Hh meje;aùu fuys§ isÿflf¾' fuys§ fjk;a ia:dkj, fuka mqoa.,hkaf.a ysfiys
f;,a.e,aùula isÿ fkdfõ' fulS ish¨ pdß;% fï wdldrfhka u my; ud,fha o isÿflf¾'

wdYs%; .%ka:kdudj,sh

Oïudf,dal ysñ" jrldfõ'" ^2015&' —o<od f;ajdj yd Bg iïnkaO isß;a úß;a˜" mQckSh o<od
ixialD;sh" uykqjr( uOHu m<d;a lDIsl¾u yd mßir wud;HxYh" 124-136 msgq

fyar;a" tÉ'tï'wd¾'ã'"^2015&' —o<od i;r ux.,Hh o<od ixialD;sh yd ck iudch˜" mQckSh o<od
ixialD;sh" uykqjr( uOHu m<d;a lDIsl¾u yd mßir wud;HxYh" 56-79 msgq

lreKr;ka fâúâ" ^mß& ^2006&" tod fy<Èj" fld<T( iSudiys; tï'ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u'

Hindu World: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu World, Vol. I, (1968) ed., London: George Allen &
Unwin