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    Timer PWM Questions and Answers

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    Abdallah Miidoune
    The document discusses the timer/counter PWM subsystem on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It provides information about the different PWM modes and how to configure timer/counter 2 to operate in fast PWM mode with a prescale value of 32 to generate a PWM signal on pin OC2A with a frequency of approximately 2 kHz and a duty cycle that can be set by writing values to the OCR2A register. Example C code is given to configure the timer registers and set the pin as an output.

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    Timer PWM Questions and Answers

    Uploaded by

    Abdallah Miidoune
    101 views4 pages
    The document discusses the timer/counter PWM subsystem on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It provides information about the different PWM modes and how to configure timer/counter 2 to operate in fast PWM mode with a prescale value of 32 to generate a PWM signal on pin OC2A with a frequency of approximately 2 kHz and a duty cycle that can be set by writing values to the OCR2A register. Example C code is given to configure the timer registers and set the pin as an output.

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    The document discusses the timer/counter PWM subsystem on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It provides information about the different PWM modes and how to configure timer/counter 2 to operate in fast PWM mode with a prescale value of 32 to generate a PWM signal on pin OC2A with a frequency of approximately 2 kHz and a duty cycle that can be set by writing values to the OCR2A register. Example C code is given to configure the timer registers and set the pin as an output.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    101 views4 pages

    Timer PWM Questions and Answers

    Uploaded by

    Abdallah Miidoune
    The document discusses the timer/counter PWM subsystem on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It provides information about the different PWM modes and how to configure timer/counter 2 to operate in fast PWM mode with a prescale value of 32 to generate a PWM signal on pin OC2A with a frequency of approximately 2 kHz and a duty cycle that can be set by writing values to the OCR2A register. Example C code is given to configure the timer registers and set the pin as an output.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    Timer/Counter PWM Subsystem

    Reference:

    1. Timer with PWM


    2. Adafruit Motor Shield - Part 2 Timer PWM
    3. Section 17. "8-bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation" of the ATmega328P
    datasheet

    Figure 17-1. 8-bit Timer/Counter Block Diagram

    1. For Timer/Counter 2, which waveform modes implement pulse width modulation?

    ANSWER: Modes 1, 3, 5, 7

    2. Which mode(s) instructs the timer to count up to a specified value and then restart from the
    BOTTOM (0x00). What is this mode(s) named?

    ANSWER: Modes 3 and 7 Fast PWM


    For more on the Fast PWM Mode read Section 17.7.3 "Fast PWM Mode" in the datasheet.
    3. Which mode(s) instructs the timer to count up to a specified value and then counts down to
    BOTTOM (0x00)? What is this mode(s) named?

    ANSWER: Modes 1 and 5 Phase-Correct PWM

    4. What modes restrict the frequency of the PWM to one of five (5) values defined by (a) the clock
    frequency (fclk) (b) a prescale value (1, 8, 64, 256, 1024), and (c) the value of TOP?

    ANSWER: Modes 3 and 1

    5. What values would needed to be saved in registers TCCR2A and TCCR2B so Timer/Counter 2
    operates in Mode 3 Fast PWM, OC2A non-inverted output and OC2B off, with a clock prescaler of
    clkI/O/32. Hint: Review Section 17.11 Register Description in the ATmega datasheet or Section 7.3
    Pertinent Register Descriptions in your textbook. Hint: read the Adafruit Motor Shield - Part 2 pdf
    document and Section 17.7.3 "Fast PWM Mode" in theATmega datasheet.

    ANSWER:
    In fast PWM mode, the compare unit allows generation of PWM waveforms on the OC2A pin.
    Setting the COM2A1 and COM2A0 bits to two (102) will produce a non-inverted PWM TOP is
    defined as 0xFF when WGM2:0 = 3 (See Table 17-3 on page 158). The actual OC2A value will only
    be visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as output.
    TCCR2A = 0b10000011 = 0x83
    TCCR2B = 0b00000011 = 0x03

    6. Using the _BV(bit) macro, write the C code to configure TCCR2A without modifying any other bits.
    Specifically do not modify the configuration of the output OC2B. Hint: read the Adafruit Motor
    Shield - Part 2 pdf document

    TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(WGM20) | _BV(WGM21); // fast PWM, turn on oc0

    7. Write the C code to configure bit 3 of PORT B as an output so you can see the PWM output.
    ANSWER: DDRB |= _BV(3);

    8. Assuming that Timer/Counter 2 is configured in FAST PWM mode as described in the last question,
    what frequency would generated on output OC2A given the 16 MHz clock of the Arduino.

    ANSWER: fOC2APWM = 1.953 KHz

    DISCUSSION:
    For our 8-bit counter/timers the PWM frequency is given by the equation:

    The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 1024).

    9. Given Adafruit method call motor.setSpeed(200); what hexadecimal number would be


    loaded into Output Compare Register A (OCR2A).

    ANSWER: OCR2A = 0xC8

    10. Again assuming the call motor.setSpeed(200); what duty cycle would be generated on the
    OC2A pin?

    ANSWER: Duty Cycle = 200/255 = 78 %

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