7 Areas and Volumes (III)

(b) From (a)(i) and (ii),

7 Areas and Volumes (III) θ
× 2π ℓ = 2π r
360°
Review Exercise 7 (p. 7.4) 360°
θ = 2π r ×
2π ℓ
1. Volume of the cuboid = 4 × 4 × 12 cm 3
360°r
= 192 cm 3 θ=
ℓ
Total surface area of the cuboid
= (4 × 12 + 4 × 12 + 4 × 4) × 2 cm 2 3. Curved surface area of the right circular cone
θ
= (48 + 48 + 16) × 2 cm 2 = × π ℓ2
360°
= 112 × 2 cm 2 360°r 1
= × × π ℓ2
= 224 cm 2 ℓ 360°
= π rℓ
1 
2. Volume of the triangular prism =  × 6 × 4.5  × 10 cm3
2  Activity 7.3 (p. 7.41)
1. (a) area of the square = a2
= 135 cm 3
area of the rectangle = ab
Total surface area of the triangular prism area of the circle = π r2
 1   area of the parallelogram = ah
= (6 + 4.5 + 7.5) × 10 +  × 6 × 4.5  × 2 cm 2 1
 2   area of the triangle = bh
2
= (180 + 27) cm 2
θ
area of the sector = ×π r2
= 207 cm 2 360°

(b) 2 in all of the above formulas

3. Volume of the cylinder = π × 82 × 18 cm3
= 1152π cm3 2. (a) Formula for Formula for
Figure
Total surface area of the cylinder area volume
Cuboid 2(ab + bc + ac) abc
= (2 × π × 8 × 18 + 2 × π × 8 2 ) cm 2
Cylinder 2π rh + 2π r2 π r2h
= (288π + 128π ) cm 2 1 2
Cone π rℓ +π r2 πr h
= 416π cm 2 3
4 3
Sphere 4π r2 πr
5 cm 4 cm 6 cm 1 3
4. Scale factor = = = =
15 cm 12 cm 18 cm 3
(b) 2 in all of the above formulas
Activity (c) 3 in all of the above formulas

Activity 7.1 (p. 7.6) Activity 7.4 (p. 7.45)

1. 6 1. Ratio of
Similar plane corresponding Ratio of
2. (a) (i) 6V figures sides (or line areas
(ii) 2Ah segments)
Squares  k2
(b) From (a)(i) and (ii),
(ka )(kb)
6V = 2 Ah Rectangles k, k = k2
ab
1
V = Ah π (kr ) 2
kr
3
Circles =k = k2
r πr 2

Activity 7.2 (p. 7.24)

1. (a) The curved surface area of the cone is equal to the 2
area of sector VAB.  ℓ2 
2.  
ℓ 
θ  1 
(b) × π ℓ2
360°
3. (a) k

2. (a) (i)
⌢
AB =
θ
× 2π ℓ (b) k
360°

(ii)
⌢
AB = 2πr
(c) k2

1
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

Activity 7.5 (p. 7.49) Quick Practice 7.3 (p. 7.8)

1. Ratio of
Ratio
(a) Consider right-angled triangle ABC.
Similar corresponding Ratio of
of base
solids sides (or line volumes
areas
segments)
(ka )3
Cubes k k2 = k3
a3
π (kr ) 2
π (kr ) 2 (kh)
πr 2
Cylinders k, k πr 2 h
= k2 = k3
∵ AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

2. (a) 2 AC = 8 2 + 6 2 cm
= 10 cm
(b) 3 1
OC = AC
2
3. (a) k 1
= × 10 cm
2
(b) k
= 5 cm
Consider right-angled triangle VOC.
(c) k2

(d) k2

(e) k3

Classwork ∵ VO 2 + OC 2 = VC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

VO = ( 89 ) − 5 cm
2 2

Classwork (p. 7.43) = 8 cm

Measurement Dimension of measurement ∴ The height of the pyramid is 8 cm.
H−h 1
π (R2 − r 2 ) 2 1
(b) Volume of the pyramid = × (8 × 6) × 8 cm 3
2πrh 2 3
π = 128 cm 3
( R 2 H − 3r 2 h) 3
3
πR R 2 + H 2 2 Quick Practice 7.4 (p. 7.10)
1 2
2π ( R + r ) 1 Volume of pyramid VEFGH = × 8 × 12 cm 3
3
= 256 cm 3
Quick Practice 1
Volume of pyramid VABCD = × 10 2 × (12 + 3) cm 3
3
Quick Practice 7.1 (p. 7.7)
1 = 500 cm 3
Volume of the pyramid = × 48 × 3 cm 3
3 Volume of frustum ABCDHEFG
= volume of pyramid VABCD − volume of pyramid VEFGH
= 48 cm 3

= (500 − 256) cm 3
Quick Practice 7.2 (p. 7.7) = 244 cm 3
Let ℓ cm be the length of BC.
1
60 = × (6 × ℓ) × 8 Quick Practice 7.5 (p. 7.13)
3 (a) Consider right-angled triangle VEB.
60 = 16ℓ 1
EB = AB
ℓ = 3.75 2
The length of BC is 3.75 cm. 1
= × 12 cm
2
= 6 cm
VB = VE 2 + EB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 8 + 6 cm
2 2

= 10 cm

2
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

(b) Consider right-angled triangle VBC. Total area of the tent = total area of lateral faces
BF = 1 BC = 4 × 2.3744 m 2
2
1 = 9.4976 m 2
= × 6 cm
2 Cost of the tent = $20 × 9.4976
= 3 cm = $190 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
VF = VB 2 − BF 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Quick Practice 7.7 (p. 7.19)
= 10 − 3 cm
2 2
1
Volume of the cone = × π × 6 2 × 13 cm 3
= 91 cm 3
1 = 156 π cm 3
∴ Area of △VBC = × BC × VF
2
1
= × 6 × 91 cm 2 Quick Practice 7.8 (p. 7.20)
2
(a) Base radius = 8 2 − 7 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 3 91 cm 2
= 15 cm
= 28.6 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

1
1 (b) Volume of the cone = × π × ( 15 ) 2 × 7 cm3
(c) Area of △VAB = × AB × VE 3
2
= 35π cm3
1
= × 12 × 8 cm 2
2
Quick Practice 7.9 (p. 7.21)
= 48 cm 2
Let h cm be the height of the cylinder.
VAB ≅ VDC (SSS) Volume of the cylinder = volume of the cone
and VBC ≅ VAD (SSS) 2 2
 18  1  18 
Total area of lateral faces π ×  × h = × π ×   × 12
 2 3  2
= 2 × ( 48 + 3 91) cm 2
h=4
= (96 + 6 91) cm 2 ∴ The height of the cylinder is 4 cm.
Total surface area of pyramid VABCD
= total area of lateral faces + base area Quick Practice 7.10 (p. 7.22)
(a) Let NA = x cm.
= [(96 + 6 91) + 12 × 6] cm 2 ∵ △VNA ~ △VMB (AAA)
= 225 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) NA VN
=
MB VM
Quick Practice 7.6 (p. 7.13) x 6
=
5 9+6
x=2
NA = 2 cm

1
(b) Volume of cone VAD = × π × 2 2 × 6 cm 3
3
= 8π cm 3
With the notations in the figure,
consider right-angled triangle VOE.
1 1
OE = AB (c) Volume of cone VBC = × π × 52 × (9 + 6) cm3
2 3
1 = 125π cm3
= × 2.24 m
2 Volume of the frustum
= 1.12 m = volume of cone VBC − volume of cone VAD
VE = VO 2 + OE 2 (Pyth. theorem) = (125π − 8π ) cm 3
= 1.8 2 + 1.12 2 m = 117π cm 3
= 2.12 m
1 Quick Practice 7.11 (p. 7.25)
Area of △VBC = × BC × VE
Curved surface area of the cone = π × 4 × 6 cm 2
2
1
= × 2.24 × 2.12 m 2 = 24π cm 2
2 Base area of the cone = π × 42 cm 2
= 2.3744 m 2
= 16π cm 2

3
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

Total surface area of the cone Volume of the bullet

= curved surface area + base area = volume of the cylinder + volume of the hemisphere
= (24π + 16π ) cm 2  1 4 
=  π × 32 × 22 + × × π × 33  mm3
= 40π cm 2  2 3 
= (198π + 18π ) mm3
Quick Practice 7.12 (p. 7.26) = 216π mm 3
(a) Curved surface area of the cone
= π × 7 × 274 cm 2
Quick Practice 7.17 (p. 7.34)
= 364 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 4
Volume of the ball = × π × 53 cm3
3
500
(b) Consider right-angled triangle VOA. = π cm3
3
VO = ( 274 ) 2 − 7 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
Volume of the cylinder = π × 5 2 × (5 × 2) cm 3
= 15 cm
1 = 250π cm 3
∴ Volume of the cone = × π × 7 2 × 15 cm 3 Volume of the water = volume of the cylinder − volume of the ball
3
= 770 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)  500  3
=  250π − π  cm
 3 
250
Quick Practice 7.13 (p. 7.27) = π cm3
240° 3
(a) Curved surface area of the cone = × π × 12 2 cm 2 Let d cm be the depth of water if the ball is taken out from the
360°
cylinder.
= 96π cm 2
250
∴ π ×5 ×d = π
2
3
(b) Let r cm be the base radius of the cone. 1
π × r × 12 = 96π d =3
3
r =8 1
∴ The base radius of the cone is 8 cm. ∴ The depth of the water is 3 cm.
3

(c) Consider right-angled triangle VOA. Quick Practice 7.18 (p. 7.35)
VO = VA 2 − OA 2 (Pyth. theorem)  20 
2
Surface area of the sphere = 4 × π ×   cm 2
= 12 2 − 8 2 cm  2 
= 80 cm = 400π cm 2
∴ Volume of the cone
1 Quick Practice 7.19 (p. 7.36)
= × π × 8 2 × 80 cm 3 (a) Let r cm be the radius of the terrestrial globe.
3
= 599 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∵ Surface area of the terrestrial globe = 900π cm 2
∴ 4πr 2 = 900π
Quick Practice 7.14 (p. 7.32) r 2 = 225
4
Volume of the sphere = × π × 63 cm3 r = 15
3 ∴ The radius of the terrestrial globe is 15 cm.
= 905 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) Volume of the terrestrial globe
4
Quick Practice 7.15 (p. 7.33) = × π × 153 cm3
Let r cm be the radius of the sphere. 3
256 = 14 137 cm3 (cor. to the nearest cm3 )
∵ Volume of the sphere = π cm3
3
4 3 256
∴ πr = π Quick Practice 7.20 (p. 7.37)
3 3 Let h cm be the height of the cylinder.
r 3 = 64 ∵ Volume of the solid
= volume of the cylinder + total volume of the two hemispheres
r=4
1 4
∴ The radius of the sphere is 4 cm. ∴ π × 62 × h + 2 × × × π × 63 = 612π
Quick Practice 7.16 (p. 7.33) 2 3
Height of the cylinder = (25 − 3) mm 36π h + 288π = 612π
= 22 mm 36π h = 324π
h=9
∴ The height of the cylinder is 9 cm.

4
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

∴ Total surface area of the solid Quick Practice 7.25 (p. 7.51)
= curved surface area of the cylinder 3
Capacity of the smaller bottle  18 
+ total curved surface area of the two hemispheres = 
Capacity of the larger bottle  30 
 1 
=  2 × π × 6 × 9 + 2 × × 4 × π × 6 2  cm 2 Capacity of the smaller bottle  3 
3
 2  = 
= (108π + 144π ) cm 2
1.25 L 5
27
= 252 π cm 2 ∴ Capacity of the smaller bottle = × 1.25 L
125
= 0.27 L
Quick Practice 7.21 (p. 7.47)
Area of the smaller square
Area of the larger square Quick Practice 7.26 (p. 7.52)
2
(a) Let r0 and r1 be the original radius and the new radius of
 length of a side of the smaller square 
=   the hemisphere respectively.
 length of a side of the larger square  New volume = original volume × (1 − 27.1%)
2
Area of the smaller square 4 729
=  = original volume ×
98 cm 2 7 1000
3
Area of the smaller square
=
16
∵ New volume =  r1 
original volume  r0 
2
98 cm 49
16
∴ Area of the smaller square = × 98 cm 2 729  r1 
3
49 ∴ = 
= 32 cm 2 1000  r0 
3
 r1  93
  = 3
Quick Practice 7.22 (p. 7.47) r  10
2
 0
 Length of a side of the larger hexagon  r1 9
  =
 Length of a side of the smaller hexagon  r0 10

=
area of the larger hexagon = 0.9
area of the smaller hexagon ∴ r1 = 0.9r0 = (1 − 10%)r0
Length of a side of the larger hexagon 25 ∴ The percentage decrease in the radius is 10%.
=
21 cm 9
(b) Let a 0 and a1 be the original total surface area and the
Length of a side of the larger hexagon 5
= new total surface area of the hemisphere respectively.
21 cm 3
2
5
∴ Length of a side of the larger hexagon = × 21 cm a1 r 
=  1 
3 a0  r0 
= 35 cm 2
 9
= 
Quick Practice 7.23 (p. 7.48)  10 
2 = 0.81
 Perimeter of the larger figure  area of the larger figure
  = ∴ a1 = 0.81a0 = (1 − 19%)a0
 Perimeter of the smaller figure  area of the smaller figure
∴ The percentage decrease in the total surface area is
Perimeter of the larger figure 320 19%.
=
55 cm 125
Quick Practice 7.27 (p. 7.53)
Perimeter of the larger figure 8
= (a) Let h cm be the height of pyramid VGHIJKL.
55 cm 5 3
 Height of pyramid VGHIJKL 
∴
8
Perimeter of the larger figure = × 55 cm   =
5  Height of pyramid VABCDEF 
= 88 cm volume of pyramid VGHIJKL
volume of pyramid VABCDEF
3
Quick Practice 7.24 (p. 7.50)  h  64
2   =
Surface area of the larger sphere  16   36  512
= 
Surface area of the smaller sphere  9  h3 64
=
Surface area of the larger sphere 256 363
512
=
40.5 cm 2 81 h3 = 5832
256 h = 18
∴ Surface area of the larger sphere = × 40.5 cm 2
81 ∴ The height of pyramid VGHIJKL is 18 cm.
= 128 cm 2

5
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

∴ Distance between the bases ABCDEF and GHIJKL ∵ VM 2 + MC 2 = VC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

= height of pyramid VABCDEF −
VM = 13 − 5 2 cm
2
height of pyramid VGHIJKL
= 12 cm
= (36 − 18) cm
The height of the pyramid is 12 cm.
= 18 cm
1
(b) Volume of the pyramid = × (8 × 6) × 12 cm 3
Total surface area of pyramid VGHIJKL 3
(b)
Total surface area of pyramid VABCDEF = 192 cm3
2
 height of pyramid VGHIJKL 
=  
 height of pyramid VABCDEF  1
3. Volume of pyramid VABCD = × 12 2 × 8 cm 3
2 3
 18 
=  = 384 cm 3
 36 
1
=
1 Volume of pyramid VEFGH = × 6 2 × (8 − 4) cm 3
4 3
∴ The ratio of the total surface area of pyramid = 48 cm 3
VGHIJKL to that of pyramid VABCDEF is 1 : 4. Volume of frustum ABCDHEFG
= volume of pyramid VABCD
− volume of pyramid VEFGH
Further Practice
= (384 − 48) cm 3
Further Practice (p. 7.10) = 336 cm 3
1
1. (a) Volume of the pyramid = × (10 × 10) ×12 cm 3
3 Further Practice (p. 7.14)
= 400 cm 3 1. (a) Total surface area of the pyramid
= total area of lateral faces + base area
1 = (4 × 80 + 13 × 13) cm 2
(b) Volume of the pyramid = × (12 × 8) × 14 cm3
3 = 489 cm 2
= 448 cm3
(b) Total surface area of the pyramid
2. (a) Consider right-angled triangle ABC. = total area of lateral faces + base area
= [(2 × 55 + 2 × 86) + 14 × 8] cm 2
= 394 cm 2

1
2. (a) Area of △VAB = × AB × VH
2
1
= × 12 × 10 cm 2
2
∵ AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem) = 60 cm 2
Total surface area of the pyramid
AC = 8 + 6 cm
2 2
= total area of lateral faces + base area
= 10 cm
1 = (4 × 60 + 12 × 12) cm 2
MC = AC
2 = 384 cm 2
1
= × 10 cm
2 (b)
= 5 cm
Consider right-angled triangle VMC.

With the notations in the figure,

1
AE = AB
2
1
= × 10 cm
2
= 5 cm

6
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

Consider right-angled triangle VAE. 1

(b) Volume of cone VSR = × π × 42 × 4 cm 3
VE = VA − AE
2 2
(Pyth. theorem) 3
64π
= 13 − 5 cm
2 2 = cm3
3
= 12 cm
1
Area of △VAB = × AB × VE (c) ∵ VK = (4 + 4) cm
2
1 = 8 cm
= × 10 × 12 cm 2 1
2 Volume of cone VPQ = × π × 8 2 × 8 cm 3
= 60 cm 2 3
512π
Total surface area of the pyramid = cm 3
= total area of lateral faces + base area 3
Volume of the frustum
= (4 × 60 + 10 × 10) cm 2 = volume of cone VPQ − volume of cone VSR
= 340 cm 2  512π 64π  3
= −  cm
 3 3 
Further Practice (p. 7.23) 448π
1. Let r cm be the base radius of the cone. = cm 3
3
1
× π × r 2 × 15 = 420
3
Further Practice (p. 7.27)
84
r= 1. (a) Curved surface area of the cone = π × 3 × 7 cm 2
π
= 21π cm 2
= 5.17 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
Base area of the cone = π × 3 cm 2
2
∴ The base radius of the cone is 5.17 cm.
= 9π cm 2
1 Total surface area of the cone
2. Volume of the cup = × π × 6 2 × 12 cm 3
3 = curved surface area + base area
= 144π cm 3 = (21π + 9π ) cm 2
Volume of the cylinder = π × 12 × 20 cm
2 3 = 30π cm 2
= 2880π cm 3
2880π (b)
Number of cups of water needed =
144π
= 20
∴ 20 cups of water are needed to fill up the cylindrical
container.

3. (a)
Consider the right-angled triangle in the figure.
Let ℓ cm be the slant height of the cone.
ℓ = 8 2 + 6 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10
Curved surface area of the cone = π × 6 × 10 cm
2

= 60π cm 2
Base area of the cone = π × 6 cm
2 2

= 36π cm 2
Let VH = x cm, then VK = ( x + 4) cm. Total surface area of the cone
∵ △VHR ~ △VKQ (AAA) = curved surface area + base area
VH HR
= = (60π + 36π ) cm 2
VK KQ = 96π cm 2
x 4
=
x+4 8
135°
8 x = 4 x + 16 2. (a) Circumference of the base = × 2 × π × 8 cm
360°
4 x = 16 = 6π cm
x=4
VH = 4 cm
(b) ℓ = VB = 8 cm

7
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

∵ Circumference of the base = 6π cm (from (a)) 3. (a) Let r cm be the inner radius of the sphere.
2πr = 6π cm ∵ Inner surface area of the sphere = 729π cm 2
r = 3 cm ∴ 4πr 2 = 729π
r 2 = 182.25
r = 13.5
∴ The inner radius of the sphere is 13.5 cm.

(b) Radius of the outer sphere = (13.5 + 1.5) cm

= 15 cm
Consider the right-angled triangle in the figure. Volume of the hollow sphere
4 4 
h = ℓ 2 − r 2 (Pyth. theorem) =  × π × 153 − × π × 13.53  cm3
3 3 
= 8 2 − 3 2 cm
= 3831 cm3 (cor. to the nearest cm3 )
= 55 cm
Further Practice (p. 7.48)
Further Practice (p. 7.34) Area of the larger figure
1. (a)
3 Area of the smaller figure
1 4  24 
1. Volume of the hemisphere = × × π ×   cm 3 2
2 3  2   height of the larger figure 
= 
= 1152π cm 3  height of the smaller figure 
= 3620 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
x 3
= 
7 2
2. Let r cm be the radius of the sphere. x 9
Volume of the sphere = volume of the cone =
7 4
4 640π 9
×π × r 3 = x = ×7
3 3 4
r 3 = 160 = 15.75
r = 5.43 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The radius of the sphere is 5.43 cm. Area of the smaller figure
(b)
Area of the larger figure
3. ∵ Volume of the hemisphere = 4 × volume of the sphere 2
 perimeter of the smaller figure 
1 × 4 ×π × R 3 = 4× 4 ×π × R 3 
 =  
∴ S 
2 3
H
3   perimeter of the larger figure 
3 2
RH x  8
3
=8 = 
RS 40  10 
3 2
 RH  x 4
 R  = 8 = 
 S  40  5 
RH 16
=2 x= × 40
RS 25
= 25.6
Further Practice (p. 7.37)
1. Let r cm be the radius of the football. 2
 Diameter of the larger semi - circle 
∵ Surface area of the football = 1936π cm 2 2. (a)  
 Diameter of the smaller semi - circle 
∴ 4π r 2 = 1936π area of the larger semi - circle
=
r 2 = 484 area of the smaller semi - circle
r = 22 y 64
=
∴ The radius of the football is 22 cm. 8 36
y 8
1 =
2. Curved surface area of the solid = × (4 × π × 92 ) cm 2 8 6
2 8
y = ×8
= 162π cm 2 6
Base area of the solid = π × 9 cm
2 2 32
=
= 81π cm 2 3

∴ Total surface area of the solid = (162π + 81π ) cm 2

= 243π cm 2

8
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)
2
(b)  Distance between 2 points of the smaller figure  Exercise
 
 Distance between 2 points of the larger figure 
Exercise 7A (p. 7.14)
area of the smaller figure
= Level 1
area of the larger figure 1
1. Volume of the pyramid = × 36 × 5 cm 3
y 50 3
=
18 162 = 60 cm3
y 25
=
18 81 1
2. Volume of the pyramid = × (5 × 5) × 9 cm 3
5 3
y = × 18
9 = 75 cm3
= 10
1
3. Volume of the pyramid = × (4 × 3) × 7 cm3
Further Practice (p. 7.54) 3
1. (a)
Volume of the larger solid = 28 cm3
Volume of the smaller solid
3
 length of a side of the larger solid  4. Consider right-angled triangle ABC.
= 
 length of a side of the smaller solid  AC = AB 2 − BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
3
x  12  = 102 − 82 cm
= 
54  9  = 6 cm
3
x 4 1 1 
=  Volume of the pyramid = ×  × 6 × 8  × 11 cm3
54  3  3 2 
x=
64
× 54 = 88 cm3
27
= 128 5. Let h cm be the height of the pyramid.
1
3584 = × (28 × 16) × h
3 3
 Length of a side of the smaller solid 
(b)   h = 24
 Length of a side of the larger solid  The height of the pyramid is 24 cm.
volume of the smaller solid
=
volume of the larger solid 6. Let h cm be the height of the pyramid.
3 1 1 
 x  62.5 42 = ×  × 6 × 6  × h
  = 3 2 
 9 .8  171 .5
3 h=7
 x  125
  = The height of the pyramid is 7 cm.
 9.8  343
 x 
3
53 1
  = 3 7. (a) Volume of pyramid VEFGH = × (10 × 10) × 6 cm3
3
 9.8  7
5 = 200 cm 3
x = × 9.8
7
=7 (b) Height of pyramid VABCD = (6 + 3) cm
= 9 cm
2. Let h cm be the height of the smaller cone. 1
3 Volume of pyramid VABCD = × (15 × 15) × 9 cm3
Volume of the smaller cone  h  3
= 
Volume of the larger cone  15  = 675 cm3
3
8  h
=  (c) Volume of the frustum ABCDHEFG
27  15 
= volume of pyramid VABCD
h 2 – volume of pyramid VEFGH
=
15 3 = (675 − 200) cm 3
2
h = × 15 = 475 cm 3
3
= 10
1
∴ The height of the smaller cone is 10 cm. 8. Area of △VAB = × 13 × 20 cm 2
Height of the frustum = (15 − 10) cm 2
= 130 cm 2
= 5 cm

9
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

∵ △VAB ≅ △VBC ≅ △VDC ≅ △VDA (SSS) ∵ △VAB ≅ △VBC ≅ △VCD ≅ △VAD (SSS)
Total area of lateral faces = 4 × 130 cm Total surface area of the pyramid
2

= 520 cm 2 = total area of lateral faces + base area

Total surface area of the pyramid = (4 × 135 + 18 × 18) cm 2
= total area of lateral faces + base area = 864 cm 2
= (520 + 13 × 13) cm 2

= 689 cm 2 11. (a) Consider right-angled triangle ABC.

AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
9. (a)
= 16 2 + 12 2 cm
= 20 cm

(b) Consider right-angled triangle VOC.

1
OC = AC
2
1
= × 20 cm
2
Construct VM ⊥ AB. = 10 cm
Consider △VAB.
VO = VC 2 − OC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AM = 1 AB
2 = 12.52 − 10 2 cm
= 1 × 18 cm = 7.5 cm
2
= 9 cm
1
VM = VA2 − AM 2 (Pyth. theorem) (c) Volume of the pyramid = × (16 × 12) × 7.5 cm3
3
= 15 2 − 9 2 cm = 480 cm3
= 12 cm
1 Level 2
Area of the lateral face VAB = × 18 × 12 cm 2 12. (a) Consider right-angled triangle VEC.
2
1
= 108 cm 2 EC = AC
2
1
(b) ∵ △VAB ≅ △VBC ≅ △VCD ≅ △VAD (SSS) = × 32 cm
2
∴ Total surface area of the pyramid VABCD
= 16 cm
= total area of lateral faces + base area
VE = VC 2 − EC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= (4 × 108 + 18 × 18) cm 2
= 756 cm 2 = 26 − 16 cm
2 2

= 420 cm
10. (a) Let h cm be the height of the pyramid. = 20.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∵ Volume of the pyramid = 1296 cm3
1
× (18 ×18) × h = 1296 (b) Consider right-angled triangle ABC.
3
AB = AC 2 − BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
h = 12
∴ The height of the pyramid is 12 cm. = 32 2 − 24 2 cm
= 448 cm
(b) Consider △VOE.
Area of rectangle ABCD = AB × BC
VE = VO 2 + OE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 448 × 24 cm 2
2
 18  = 508 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 12 2 +   cm
 2
= 15 cm 1
(c) Volume of the pyramid = × 24 × 448 × 420 cm3
3
1 = 3470 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) Area of △VBC = × BC × VE
2
1
= × 18 × 15 cm 2
13. (a) Base area of the pyramid = 12 × 12 cm
2
2
= 135 cm 2 = 144 cm 2
∵ Total surface area of the pyramid
= total area of lateral faces + base area
10
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

384 cm 2 = total area of lateral faces + 144 cm 2 (a) (i) With the notations in the figure,
consider right-angled triangle VMH.
Total area of lateral faces = 240 cm 2

∵ △VAB ≅ △VBC ≅ △VCD ≅ △VAD (SSS) VH = VM 2 + MH 2 (Pyth. theorem)

1 2
Area of the lateral face VBC = × 240 cm 2  12 
4 = 82 +   cm
 2
= 60 cm 2
= 10 cm
1
1 Area of △VBC = × BC × VH
(b) ∵ Area of △VBC = × BC × VE 2
2 1
= × 8 × 10 cm 2
1 2
60 cm = × 12 cm × VE
2

2 = 40 cm 2
VE = 10 cm
Consider right-angled triangle VHE. (ii) With the notations in the figure,
VH = VE − HE
2 2
(Pyth. theorem) consider right-angled triangle VGM.
2 VG = VM 2 + MG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 12 
= 10 −   cm
2
2
 2 8
= 82 +   cm
= 8 cm 2
= 80 cm
1 1
(c) Volume of the pyramid = × 144 × 8 cm3 Area of △VAB = × AB × VG
3 2
= 384 cm3 1
= ×12 × 80 cm 2
2
14. (a) Consider right-angled triangle VHB. = 6 80 cm 2 (or 24 5 cm 2 )
VB = VH 2 + HB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 (b) ∵ △VAB ≅ △VDC (SSS)
 10 
= 122 +   cm and △VBC ≅ △VAD (SSS)
 2 Total surface area of the pyramid
= 13 cm = total area of lateral faces + base area
Consider right-angled triangle VBG.
= [(2 × 6 80 + 2 × 40) + 12 × 8] cm 2
VG = VB 2 − BG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= (176 + 12 80 ) cm 2 (or (176 + 48 5 ) cm 2 )
2
8
= 132 −   cm
2 1
16. (a) Volume of pyramid VEFGH = × (6 × 6) × 8 cm 3
= 153 cm 3
= 12.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 96 cm3

1 (b)
(b) Area of △VAB = × 10 × 12 cm 2 = 60 cm 2
2
1
Area of △VBC = × 8 × 153 cm 2 = 4 153 cm 2
2
∵ △VAB ≅ △VDC (SSS)
and △VBC ≅ △VAD (SSS)
Total surface area of the pyramid
= total area of lateral faces + base area
= [(2 × 60 + 2 × 4 153 ) + 10 × 8] cm 2
= 299 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

15.

Let M and N be the mid-points of FG and BC

respectively.

11
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

∵ △VQN ~ △VPM (AAA) 1

volume of the cone = × π × 52 × 12 cm3
VQ QN 3
∴ =
VP PM = 100π cm3
VQ 9
= curved surface area of the cone = π × 5 × 13 cm 2
8 cm 3
VQ = 24 cm = 65π cm 2
1
Volume of pyramid VABCD = × (18 × 18) × 24 cm3
3 (b) When r = 6 cm and ℓ = 10 cm,
= 2592 cm3
h = 10 2 − 6 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 8 cm
(c) Volume of the frustum
= volume of pyramid VABCD 1
volume of the cone = × π × 6 2 × 8 cm3
– volume of pyramid VEFGH 3
= (2592 − 96) cm 3 = 96π cm3
= 2496 cm 3
curved surface area of the cone = π × 6 × 10 cm 2

17. Let x cm be the length of the side of the base of pyramid P, = 60π cm 2
then the length of side of the base of pyramid Q = 2x cm.
1 (c) When h = 15 cm and ℓ = 17 cm,
Volume of pyramid P = × x 2 × hP
3
r = 17 2 − 152 cm (Pyth. theorem)
1
Volume of pyramid Q = × ( 2 x)2 × hQ = 8 cm
3
∵ Volume of pyramid P = volume of pyramid Q 1
× π × 82 × 15 cm3
volume of the cone =
1 2 1 3
∴ × x × hP = × (2 x) 2 × hQ
3 3 = 320π cm3
hP
=4 curved surface area of the cone = π × 8 × 17 cm 2
hQ
= 136π cm 2
∴ hP : hQ = 4 : 1

Volume of Curved surface

18. Let ℓ, w and h be the length, width and height of the r h ℓ
the cone area of the cone
rectangular tank respectively, then 5 cm 12 cm 13 cm 100π cm3 65π cm2
1
volume of the pyramid = × ℓ × w × h 6 cm 8 cm 10 cm 96π cm 3
60π cm2
3 8 cm 15 cm 17 cm 320π cm 3
136π cm2
volume of the tank = ℓ × w × h
1 2. (a) Base radius of the cone
volume of water left in the tank = ℓ × w × h − × ℓ × w × h
3 = 15 2 − 9 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 = 12 cm
= × ℓ × w× h
3 1
∴ Volume of the cone = × π × 122 × 9 cm3
2  3
= ℓ × w ×  × h
3  = 432 π cm3
2
∴ After the pyramid is taken out, the water level = h.
3
(b) Curved surface area of the cone = π × 12 × 15 cm 2
2
h− h = 180 π cm 2
∴ Percentage decrease in water level = 3 × 100%
h
 2 3. (a) Height of the cone
= 1 −  × 100%
 3 = 262 − 102 cm (Pyth. theorem)
1 = 24 cm
= 33 %
3 1
∴ Volume of the cone = × π × 10 2 × 24 cm 3
3
Exercise 7B (p. 7.28) = 800 π cm 3
Level 1
1. (a) When r = 5 cm and h = 12 cm,
(b) Curved surface area of the cone = π × 10 × 26 cm 2
ℓ = 5 + 12 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
= 260π cm 2
= 13 cm Base area of the cone = π × 10 cm 2
2

= 100π cm 2

12
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

∴ Total surface area of the cone Total surface area of the tent
= curved surface area + base area = curved surface area + base area
= (260π + 100π ) cm 2 = (π × 2 × 10.25 + 4π ) m 2
= 360π cm 2 = 32.7 m 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

4. (a) Let h cm be the height of the cone. 7. Let r m be the base radius of the heap of rice.
1 2.8π = 2 × π × r
100 = × π × 52 × h r = 1.4
3
12 Height of the heap of rice = 1.8 2 − 1.4 2 m (Pyth. theorem)
h=
π = 1.28 m
= 3.82 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1
∴ The height of the cone is 3.82 cm. Volume of the heap of rice = × π × 1.4 2 × 1.28 m3
3
≈ 2.3221 m3
(b) Slant height of the cone
Weight of the heap of rice ≈ 2.3221 × 250 kg
2
 12  = 581 kg (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 5 2 +   cm (Pyth. theorem)
π 
Curved surface area of the cone
1
2 8. Volume of wine in the conical glass = × π × 4 2 × 7 cm3
 12  3
= π × 5 × 5 2 +   cm 2
π  =
112π
cm3
Base area of the cone = π × 5 2 cm 2 3
Let h cm be the height of the wine in the cylindrical glass.
= 25π cm 2 ∵ Volume of wine in the cylindrical glass
∴ Total surface area of the cone = volume of wine in the conical glass
= curved surface area + base area 112π
∴ π ×3 ×h =
2
 2  3
  12  
=  π × 5 × 5 2 +   + 25π  cm 2 h = 4.15 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 π  
  ∴ The height of the wine in the cylindrical glass is
= 177 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 4.15 cm.

9. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the cone.

5. (a) Consider right-angled triangle VOB.
32π = π × r 2
tan 45° = OB
OV r = 32 (or 4 2 )
1 = OB ∴ The base radius of the cone is 32 cm
OV
OV = OB (or 4 2 cm) .
= 11 cm
1 (b) Height of the cone
Volume of the cone = × π × 112 × 11 cm 3
3 = 9 2 − ( 32 ) 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 1390 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 7 cm

(b) Consider right-angled triangle VOB. (c) Volume of the cone

VB = OB 2 + OV 2 (Pyth. theorem) 1
= × π × ( 32 ) 2 × 7 cm3
3
= 112 + 112 cm
224π
= cm3
= 242 cm 3
Curved surface area of the cone
= π × 11 × 242 cm 2 10. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the cone.
= 538 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 10π = 2 × π × r
r =5
6. Let r m be the base radius of the tent. ∴ The base radius of the cone is 5 cm.
4π = π × r 2
(b) Let ℓ cm be the slant height of the cone.
r=2
90π = π × 5 × ℓ + π × 5 2
Slant height of the tent = 2 2 + 2.5 2 m (Pyth. theorem)
90 = 5ℓ + 25
= 10.25 m ℓ = 13
∴ The slant height of the cone is 13 cm.

13
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

13. (a) A right circular cone

(c) Height of the cone = 13 − 5 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 2

= 12 cm 1
1 (b) Volume of the cone = × π × 152 × 20 cm3
Volume of the cone = × π × 52 × 12 cm3 3
3
= 1500π cm3
= 100 π cm 3

(c) Consider right-angled triangle PQR.

11. (a)
PQ = PR 2 + QR 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 20 2 + 15 2 cm
= 25 cm
Total surface area of the cone
= curved surface area + base area
= (π × 15 × 25 + π × 152 ) cm 2
= 600π cm 2

14.
⌢
AB =
108°
× 2 × π × 15 cm
360°
= 9π cm
Let r cm be the base radius of the vessel.
Let VP = x cm, then VQ = (x + 3) cm.
∵ △VPD ~ △VQC (AAA) ∵ Circumference of the base of the vessel = AB
⌢
VP PD ∴ 2 × π × r = 9π
∴ =
VQ QC r = 4 .5
x 2 ∴ The base radius of the vessel is 4.5 cm.
=
x+3 3 Height of the vessel = 152 − 4.5 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
3x = 2 x + 6
= 204.75 cm
x=6
1
∴ VP = 6 cm Capacity of the vessel = × π × 4.52 × 204.75 cm3
3
= 303 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1
(b) Volume of cone VBC = × π × 32 × (6 + 3) cm3
3
15. (a) Curved surface area of the vessel
= 27π cm3
= area of the sector
1
Volume of cone VAD = × π × 2 2 × 6 cm3 90°
3 = × π × 82 cm 2
360°
= 8 π cm3
= 16π cm 2
Volume of the frustum
= volume of cone VBC − volume of cone VAD = 50.3 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= (27π − 8π ) cm 3

(b)
= 19 π cm 3

Level 2
12. (a) Let ℓ m be the slant height of the cone.
3.75 π = π × 1.5 × ℓ
ℓ = 2.5
∴ The slant height of the cone is 2.5 m.
Height of the cone
= 2.52 − 1.52 m (Pyth. theorem)
= 2m
Let r cm be the base radius of the vessel.
(b) Let h m be the height of the cylinder. ∵ Curved surface area of the vessel = 16π cm
2

60 π = 2 × π × 1.5 × h ∴ π × r × 8 = 16π
h = 20
r=2
∴ The height of the cylinder is 20 m.
∴ The base radius of the vessel is 2 cm.
∴ Height of the tower = (2 + 20) m
Height of the vessel = 8 2 − 2 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 22 m
= 60 cm

14
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

1
(c) Height of cone VAD = VD − ED (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
Capacity of the vessel = × π × 2 2 × 60 cm 3
3
= 32.4 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 5 2 − 3 2 cm
= 4 cm
Height of cone VBC = VC − OC (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
16. (a) Slant height of the cover
= 36 2 + 27 2 cm (Pyth. theorem) = 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 45 cm = 8 cm
Curved surface area of the cover = π × 36 × 45 cm 2 ∴ Volume of the frustum
= 1620 π cm 2 = volume of cone VBC – volume of cone VAD
1 1 
=  × π × 6 2 × 8 − × π × 32 × 4  cm3
(b) 3 3 
= 84 π cm3

18.

Let θ be the angle of the sector.

∵ Curved surface area of the cover
= area of the sector
θ
∴ 1620 π = × π × 452
360°
θ = 288°
∴ The angle of the sector is 288°.
Let r cm be the radius of the opening of the vessel,
17. (a) Let r1 cm be the radius of the lower base. then the height of the vessel is 2r cm.
∵ Area of the lower base = 36π cm2 Let k cm be the radius of the water surface and d cm be the
depth of water.
∴ π × r12 = 36π
With the notations in the figure,
r1 = 6 ∵ △ABE ~ △CDE (AAA)
∴ The radius of the lower base is 6 cm. AE AB
∴ =
CE CD
2r r
=
d k
r×d
k=
2r
d
=
2

(a) When d = 20 + 1.2 = 21.2,

21.2
k=
2
Let E be the centre of the upper base and r2 cm be its = 10.6
radius.
∴ Diameter of the water surface = 2 × 10.6 cm
∵ △VED ~ △VOC (AAA)
= 21.2 cm
ED VD
∴ =
OC VC
r2 5 (b) When d = 20,
= 20
6 10 k=
r2 = 3 2
= 10
∴ The radius of the upper base is 3 cm.
∴ Original radius of the water surface = 10 cm
(b) Curved surface area of the frustum Volume of the stone
= curved surface area of cone VBC = volume of water above the original water level
– curved surface area of cone VAD 1 1 
=  × π × 10.62 × 21.2 − × π × 102 × 20  cm3
= (π × 6 ×10 − π × 3 × 5) cm 2  3 3 
= 45 π cm 2 = 400 cm3 (cor. to the nearest cm3 )

15
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

Exercise 7C (p. 7.37) (c) When the total surface area of the hemisphere
Level 1 = 192π cm2,
1. (a) When r = 15 cm, 1
192π cm 2 = × 4 × π × r 2 + π × r 2
surface area of the sphere = 4 × π × 15 2 cm 2 2
= 900 π cm 2 192π cm 2 = 3πr 2
4 r 2 = 64 cm 2
volume of the sphere = × π × 153 cm3
3 r = 8 cm
= 4500 π cm3 volume of the hemisphere =
1 4
× × π × 83 cm3
2 3
(b) When the surface area of the sphere = 144π cm2, 1024 π
= cm3
144π cm 2 = 4 × π × r 2 3

r 2 = 36 cm 2
Total surface area Volume of
r = 6 cm r
of the hemisphere the hemisphere
4 18 cm 972π cm2 3888π cm3
volume of the sphere = × π × 63 cm3
3 6 cm 108π cm 2
144π cm3
= 288 π cm3 1024π
8 cm 192π cm2 cm 3
3
(c) When the volume of the sphere = 972π cm3,
4 3. Volume of the watermelon = 576 π × 4 cm 3
972 π cm3 = × π × r 3
3 = 2304 π cm 3
r = 729 cm3
3 Let d cm be the diameter of the watermelon.
3
r = 9 cm 4 d 
2304π = ×π × 
3 2
surface area of the sphere = 4 × π × 9 2 cm 2
13 824 = d 3
= 324 π cm 2 d = 24
∴ The diameter of the watermelon is 24 cm.
Surface area Volume of
r
of the sphere the sphere 4. Let r cm be the radius of the hemisphere.
15 cm 900π cm2 4500π cm3 ∵ Circumference of the flat surface = 137 cm
6 cm 144π cm2 288π cm3 ∴ 2πr = 137
9 cm 324π cm2 972π cm3 137
r=
2π
2. (a) When r = 18 cm, Curved surface area of the hemisphere
total surface area of the hemisphere 2
1  137 
1  = × 4×π ×   cm
2
=  × 4 × π × 182 + π × 182  cm 2 2  2π 
 2 
= 2990 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 972π cm 2
1 4
volume of the hemisphere = × × π × 183 cm3
2 3 5. Let r cm be the radius of the sphere.
= 3888 π cm3 ∵ Area of the largest cross-section = 81π cm2
∴ πr 2 = 81π
(b) When the volume of the hemisphere = 144π cm , 3
r 2 = 81
1 4 r =9
144π cm3 = × × π × r 3
2 3 4
Volume of the sphere = × π × 93 cm3
r 3 = 216 cm3 3
r = 6 cm = 972 π cm3
total surface area of the hemisphere
1  6. Total surface area of the cube = 6 × 10 × 10 cm 2
=  × 4 × π × 62 + π × 62  cm 2
2  = 600 cm 2
= 108 π cm 2
Let r cm be the radius of the sphere.
600 = 4 × π × r 2
150
r2 =
π
r = 6.91 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The radius of the sphere is 6.91 cm.

16
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

Surface area of sphere A = 4 × π × 6 cm (b) Total surface area of the solid

2 2
7.
= base area of the cylinder
= 144 π cm 2
+ curved surface area of the cylinder
Surface area of sphere B = 4 × π × 82 cm 2 + curved surface area of the hemisphere
= 256 π cm 2  1 
=  π × 4 2 + 2 × π × 4 × 9 + × 4 × π × 4 2  cm 2
Let r cm be the radius of sphere C.  2 
∵ Surface area of sphere C
= 120 π cm 2
= surface area of sphere A + surface area of sphere B
∴ 4 × π × r 2 = 144π + 256π
12. (a) Volume of the solid
4πr 2 = 400π = volume of the hemisphere + volume of the cone
r 2 = 100 1 4 1 
=  × × π × 53 + × π × 52 × 12  cm 3
r = 10  2 3 3 
∴ The radius of sphere C is 10 cm. 550 π
= cm 3

3
Surface area of the Earth 4 × π × 6380 2
8. (a) =
Surface area of the Moon 4 × π × 1750 2 (b) Slant height of the cone
= 13.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 52 + 122 cm (Pyth. theorem)
∴ The ratio of the surface area of the Earth to that = 13 cm
of the Moon is 13.3 : 1. Total surface area of the solid
= curved surface area of the hemisphere
4 + curved surface area of the cone
× π × 6380 3
Volume of the Earth 3 1 
(b) = =  × 4 × π × 52 + π × 5 × 13  cm 2
Volume of the Moon 4
× π × 17503 2 
3
= 115 π cm 2
= 48.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The ratio of the volume of the Earth to that of
the Moon is 48.5 : 1. Level 2
13. Volume of water above the original water level
2
9. Total volume of the 8 smaller lead spheres  64  2
3
= π ×   × cm 3
4 2  2  3
= 8× × π ×   cm 3
3 2 2048 π
= cm3
32 π 3
= cm 3 Let r cm be the radius of the sphere.
3
Let d cm be the diameter of the larger sphere. ∵ Volume of the sphere
= volume of water above the original water level
32 π 4
3
d  2048 π
= ×π ×   4
3 3 2 ∴ × π × r3 =
3 3
32 d 3 r 3 = 512
=
3 6 r =8
d 3 = 64 ∴ The radius of the sphere is 8 cm.
d =4
∴ The diameter of the larger sphere is 4 cm. 14. Height of the cylindrical can = 3 × 4 × 2 cm
= 24 cm
10. Volume of the solid part of the sphere Volume of the empty space in the cylinder
4 4  = volume of the cylindrical can
=  × π × (8 + 1) 3 − × π × 8 3  cm 3 – total volume of the tennis balls
3 3 
 4 
868 π =  π × 4 2 × 24 − 3 × × π × 4 3  cm 3
= cm 3  3 
3
= 909 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 128 π cm 3

11. (a) Volume of the solid 15. (a) Volume of the solid
= volume of the cylinder = volume of the hemisphere
+ volume of the hemisphere – volume of the conical hole
  1 4 1 
1 4
=  π × 4 2 × 9 + × × π × 4 3  cm 3 =  × × π × 53 − × π × 52 × 5  cm3
 2 3  2 3 3 
560 π 125 π
= cm 3 = cm3
3 3

17
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

(b) Slant height of the conical hole (b) Slant height of the cone

= 5 2 + 5 2 cm (Pyth. theorem) = 62 + 82 cm (Pyth. theorem)

= 10 cm
= 50 cm Total surface area of the solid
Total surface area of the solid = curved surface area of the cone
= curved surface area of the hemisphere + curved surface area of the hemisphere
+ curved surface area of the conical hole
 1 
1  =  π × 6 × 10 + × 4 × π × 6 2  cm 2
=  × 4 × π × 5 2 + π × 5 × 50  cm 2  2 
 2 
= 132 π cm 2
= (50 + 5 50 )π cm 2 (or (50 + 25 2 )π cm 2 )
19. (a) Let r cm be the external radius of the ceramic.
1 4 ∵ Volume of the ceramic = 942π cm3
16. Capacity of the hemispherical part = × × π × 1.53 cm3
2 3 ∴ Volume of the external hemisphere
9π – volume of the hemispherical hole = 942π cm3
= cm3
4 1 4 1 4
× × π × r 3 − × × π × 113 = 942 π
 9π  3 2 3 2 3
Volume of water in the cylindrical part =  60 −  cm
 4  2π 3
(r − 113 ) = 942π
Let d cm be the depth of water in the cylindrical part. 3
r 3 = 2744
 9π 
 60 −  = π × 1 .5 2 × d r = 14
 4 
∴ The external radius of the ceramic is 14 cm.
d ≈ 7.488
∴ Depth of water in the test-tube 1
≈ (1.5 + 7.488) cm (b) External curved surface area = × 4 × π × 142 cm 2
2
= 8.99 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 392π cm 2
1
4 Internal curved surface area = × 4 × π × 112 cm 2
17. (a) Volume of the sphere = × π × 123 cm3 2
3 = 242π cm 2
= 2304 π cm3
Area of the flat surface = (π × 14 2 − π × 112 ) cm 2
Let h cm be the height of the cylinder.
= 75π cm 2
∵ Volume of the sphere = volume of the cylinder
Total surface area of the ceramic
∴ 2304π = π × 12 2 × h = external curved surface area
h = 16 + internal curved surface area
∴ The height of the cylinder is 16 cm. + area of the flat surface
= (392π + 242π + 75π ) cm 2
(b) Surface area of the sphere = 4 × π × 122 cm 2 = 709 π cm 2
= 576 π cm2

Total surface area of the cylinder 20. (a) ∵ Volume of the sausage = 153π cm3
= curved surface area + total area of the 2 bases 1 4
= (2 × π × 12 × 16 + 2 × π × 122) cm2 ∴ × × π × r 3 + π × r 2 × h = 153 π
2 3
= 672π cm2
2 3
Percentage change in the total surface area πr + πr 2 × (5r ) = 153 π
3
672 π − 576 π
= × 100% 2 
576 π  + 5 πr 3 = 153π
= + 16.7% (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 3 
r 3 = 27
1 4 r =3
18. (a) Volume of the hemisphere = × × π × 63 cm3
2 3 ∴ h = 5r
= 144 π cm3 = 5× 3
2 = 15
Volume of the cone = × 144 π cm3
3
= 96 π cm3 1
Let h cm be the height of the cone. (b) Volume of each part of the sausage = × 153 π cm3
2
1
96 π = × π × 6 2 × h = 76.5 π cm3
3
Length of the part consisting of cylindrical part only
h =8
76.5π
∴ The height of the cone is 8 cm. = cm
π × 32
= 8.5 cm

18
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

Length of the part consisting of hemispherical and Volume of circular cone A  8 

3

cylindrical parts 3. = 
Volume of circular cone B  7 
= [(3 + 15) − 8.5] cm
512
= 9.5 cm =
343
∴ The ratio of the volumes of A to B is 512 : 343.
Exercise 7D (p. 7.43)
1. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 3
Volume of frustum A  20 
4. = 
2. (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 Volume of frustum B  16 
3
5
3. (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 = 
4
4. (a) ∵ The dimension of f is 2. 125
=
∴ f represents the total surface area of the solid. 64
∵ The dimension of F is 3. ∴ The ratio of the volumes of A to B is 125 : 64.
∴ F represents the volume of the solid. 2
Total surface area of prism A  13 
5. = 
(b) ∵ The dimension of f is 3. Total surface area of prism B  9 
∴ f represents the volume of the solid. 169
=
∵ The dimension of F is 2. 81
∴ F represents the total surface area of the solid. ∴ The ratio of the total surface areas of A to B is
169 : 81.
5. (a) ∵ The dimension of the volume is 3.
∴ m = 2, n = 1 6. For similar solids, the ratio of the areas of the
corresponding faces is equal to the ratio of the
corresponding total surface areas.
(b) ∵ The dimension of the volume is 3.
Total surface area of circular cone A
∴ m = 2, n = 1 ∴ Total surface area of circular cone B
base area of circular cone A
(c) ∵ The dimension of the total surface area is 2. =
base area of circular cone B
∴ m = 2, n = 2 78
=
54
Exercise 7E (p. 7.54) 13
Level 1 =
9
Area of the smaller figure
1. ∴ The ratio of the total surface areas of A to B is 13 : 9.
Area of the larger figure
2
 length of a side of the smaller figure  Volume of the larger solid
=   7.
 length of a side of the larger figure  Volume of the smaller solid
3
2  length of a side of the larger solid 
x  8  =  
= 
63  12   length of a side of the smaller solid 
3
x 2
2 y  15 
=  = 
63  3  81  9 
3
4 y 5
x = × 63 = 
9 81  3 
= 28 125
y= × 81
27
 Distance between 2 points of the smaller figure 
2 = 375
2.  
 Distance between 2 points of the larger figure 
8. Curved surface area of the smaller cone
area of the smaller figure
= Curved surface area of the larger cone
area of the larger figure 2
 
2
 y  = 35 =  circumference of the base of the smaller cone 
   circumference of the base of the larger cone 
 13  60
2
2 w  16 
 y = 7 = 
  81  18 
 13  12
2
y w 8
= 7 = 
13 12 81  9 
y = 9.93 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 64
w= × 81
81
= 64
19
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

3 125
 Height of the smaller solid  ∴ Weight of the larger horse = × 0.8 kg
9.   27
 Height of the larger solid 
= 3.70 kg (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
volume of the smaller solid
=
volume of the larger solid
Level 2
3
 y 800  Height of the smaller cone 
3
  =  
 18  1500 14. (a)
3
 Height of the larger cone 
y 8
= =
volume of the smaller cone
183 15 volume of the larger cone
8
y3 = × 183  Height of the smaller cone 
3
15 54 cm3
  =
y = 14.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)  Height of the larger cone  128 cm3
3
 Height of the smaller cone  27
2   =
 Length of a side of the larger solid   16 cm  64
10.  
 Length of a side of the smaller solid  Height of the smaller cone 3
=
area of a lateral face of the larger solid 16 cm 4
=
area of a lateral face of the smaller solid ∴ Height of the smaller cone
2 3
z 48 = × 16 cm
  = 4
6 20
= 12 cm
z 2 12
=
36 5
Base radius of the smaller cone
12 (b)
z =
2
× 36 Base radius of the larger cone
5
z = 9.30 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) height of the smaller cone
=
height of the larger cone
3
 Perimeter of the smaller star 
2
area of the smaller star =
11.   = 4
 Perimeter of the larger star  area of the larger star ∴ The ratio of the base radius of the smaller cone
Perimeter of the smaller star 4 to that of the larger cone is 3 : 4.
=
45 cm 9
Curved surface area of the larger cone
Perimeter of the smaller star 2 (c)
= Curved surface area of the smaller cone
45 cm 3 2
2  height of the larger cone 
∴ Perimeter of the smaller star = × 45 cm =  
3  height of the smaller cone 
= 30 cm 4
2

= 
3
Area of painting A 16
12.
Area of painting B =
9
 length of a diagonal of painting A 
2
∴ The ratio of the curved surface area of the larger
=   cone to that of the smaller cone is 16 : 9.
 length of a diagonal of painting B 
2
 42   Height of cylinder B 
2
=   =
total surface area of cylinder B
 48  15. 
 Height of cylinder A  total surface area of cylinder A
= 0.766 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
50 cm 2
= 76.6% =
18 cm 2
∴ The area of painting A is 76.6% of that of painting B.
25
=
13. ∵ Weight of the horse is proportional to its volume. 9
Weight of the larger horse volume of the larger horse Height of cylinder B 5
= =
∴ Height of cylinder A 3
Weight of the smaller horse volume of the smaller horse
3
 height of the larger horse 
3
Volume of cylinder B  height of cylinder B 
=   = 
Volume of cylinder A  height of cylinder A 
 height of the smaller horse 
3
5
3 Volume of cylinder B 5
=  3
= 
3 54 cm 3
Weight of the larger horse 125
=
0.8 kg 27
20
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

125 (b) ∵ △EDC ~ △ABC (AAA)

Volume of cylinder B = × 54 cm3 2
27  ED  Area of △ EDC
∴   =
= 250 cm3  AB  Area of △ ABC
2
 ED  1
16. Area of AHIJ : area of AEFG : area of ABCD   =
 AB  9
= AH 2 : AE 2 : AB 2 ED 1
=
= 12 : 3 2 : 5 2 AB 3
= 1 : 9 : 25
Let x be the area of AHIJ. VC 2
Then the areas of AEFG and ABCD are 9x and 25x 19. (a) ∵ =
CF 1
respectively.
Area of the yellow region = 9x – x ∴ VC = 2CF
= 8x VC VC
∴ =
Area of the blue region = 25x – 9x VF VC + CF
= 16x 2CF
Area of the yellow region 8x =
= 2CF + CF
Area of the blue region 16 x 2
=
1 3
=
2 Let A0, A1 and A2 be the total areas of lateral faces of
∴ The ratio of the area of the yellow region to that of pyramid VABC, frustum ABCFDE and pyramid
the blue region is 1 : 2. VDEF respectively.
2
A0  VC 
17. Let x be the length of DB. = 
A2  VF 
Then AF = FD = 2x
2
AD = AF + FD = 2x + 2x = 4x A0 2
AB = AD + DB = 4x + x = 5x = 
A0 + A1  3 
∴ AF : AD : AB = 2x : 4x : 5x
A0 4
=2:4:5 =
∵ △AFG ~ △ADE ~ △ABC (AAA) A0 + A1 9
∴ Area of △AFG : area of △ADE : area of △ABC 9 A0 = 4 A0 + 4 A1
= AF2 : AD2 : AB2 5 A0 = 4 A1
= 22 : 42 : 52
A0 4
= 4 : 16 : 25 =
Let 4y be the area of △AFG. A1 5
Then area of △ADE is 16y and the area of △ABC is ∴ The ratio of the total area of lateral faces of
25y. pyramid VABC to that of frustum ABCFDE is
Area of the green region 16 y − 4 y 4 : 5.
=
Area of the yellow region 25 y − 16 y 3
Volume of pyramid VDEF  VF 
12 y (b) = 
= Volume of pyramid VABC  VC 
9y 3
Volume of pyramid VDEF  3 
=
4 = 
3 16 cm3 2
∴ The ratio of the area of the green region to that of the Volume of pyramid VDEF 27
=
yellow region is 4 : 3. 16 cm3 8
27
18. (a) Let x be the area of △EDC. ∴ Volume of pyramid VDEF = × 16 cm3
8
1 = 54 cm3
∵ × Area of ABDE = x
8
∴ Area of ABDE = 8 x 3
 Radius of the lower base of frustum BCED 
∴ Area of △ABC = x + 8x 20. (a)  
= 9x  Radius of the upper base of frustum BCED 
3
Area of △ EDC
=
x  base radius of cone ABC 
= 
Area of △ ABC 9 x  base radius of cone ADE 
1
= =
volume of cone ABC
9 volume of cone ADE
∴ The ratio of the area of △EDC to that of 27
△ABC is 1 : 9. =
8
Radius of the lower base of frustum BCED 3
=
Radius of the upper base of frustum BCED 2
∴ The ratio of the radius of the lower base to that
of the upper base of frustum BCED is 3 : 2.
21
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
2
Curved surface area of cone ABC  3  rB 8
(b) =  ∴ =
Curved surface area of cone ADE  2  rA 1
Curved surface area of cone ABC 9 Rise in water level caused by stone fish B 8
= =
16 cm 2 4 Rise in water level caused by stone fish A 1
9 Rise in water level caused by stone fish B 8
Curved surface area of cone ABC = ×16 cm 2 =
4 0.8 cm 1
= 36 cm 2 8
Rise in water level caused by stone fish B = × 0.8 cm
∴ Curved surface area of frustum BCED 1
= curved surface area of cone ABC = 6.4 cm
– curved surface area of cone ADE ∴ The further rise in the water level when stone fish B is
= (36 − 16) cm 2 put into the vessel is 6.4 cm.
= 20 cm 2
Revision Exercise 7 (p. 7.60)
21. (a) ∵ The two frustums are similar. Level 1
AB CD 1
∴ = 1. Volume of the pyramid = × (10 ×10) ×12 cm 3
CD EF 3
r
=
18 = 400 cm 3
18 30
r = 10.8

(b) Volume of cone with base radius 30 cm

1
= × π × 302 × 25 cm3
3
= 7500π cm3
3
Volume of cone with base radius 18 cm  CD 
∵ = 
Volume of cone with base radius 30 cm  EF 
3
Construct VM ⊥ BC.
Volume of cone with base radius 18 cm  18  Consider right-angled triangle VNM.
= 
7500π cm3  30  VM = VN 2 + NM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ Volume of cone with base radius 18 cm
2
3  10 
 18  = 122 +   cm
= 7500π ×   cm3  2
 30 
= 13 cm
= 1620π cm3
1
Volume of the larger frustum = (7500π − 1620π ) cm3 Area of △VBC = × BC × VM
2
= 5880π cm3 1
= × 10 × 13 cm 2
3 2
Volume of the smaller frustum  CD 
=  = 65 cm 2
Volume of the larger frustum  EF  ∵ △VAB ≅ △VBC ≅ △VCD ≅ △VAD (SSS)
3
Volume of the smaller frustum  18  ∴ Total area of lateral faces = 4 × 65 cm2
= 
5880π cm3  30  = 260 cm2
3 ∴ Total surface area of the regular pyramid
 18 
Volume of the smaller frustum = 5880π ×   cm3 = total area of lateral faces + base area
 30  = (260 + 10 × 10) cm2
= 1270.08π cm3 = 360 cm 2

3
Volume of stone fish B  length of stone fish B  2. Height of the cone = 10 2 − 8 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
22. = 
Volume of stone fish A  length of stone fish A  = 6 cm
3 1
 12  Volume of the cone = × π × 8 × 6 cm
2 3
=  3
 6
= 128π cm 3
8
= Total surface area of the cone
1
Let rA and rB be the rises in water levels caused by stone = curved surface area + base area
fish A and B respectively, and let h and k be the length and = (π × 8 × 10 + π × 82) cm2
width of the vessel respectively. = 144π cm 2
Volume of stone fish B h × k × rB rB
∵ = =
Volume of stone fish A h × k × rA rA

22
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

3. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the sphere. Volume of the solid

201 = 4 × π × r 2 = volume of the cone + volume of the hemisphere
1 1 4 
r2 =
201 =  × π × 3 2 × 4 + × × π × 3 3  cm 3
4×π 3 2 3 
r ≈ 3.9994 = 30π cm 3
= 4.00 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) Total surface area of the solid
∴ The radius of the sphere is 4.00 cm. = curved surface area of the cone
+ curved surface area of the hemisphere
(b) Volume of the sphere  1 
=  π × 3 × 5 + × 4 × π × 3 2  cm 2
4
≈ × π × 3.99943 cm3  2 
3 = 33π cm 2
= 268 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
7. Volume of the steel part
4. Base radius of the cylinder = radius of the hemisphere = volume of the cylinder + volume of the hemisphere
= (9 – 8) cm  1 4 
= 1 cm =  π × 5 2 × 20 + × × π × 10 3  cm 3
 2 3 
Volume of the solid
= volume of the cylinder + volume of the hemisphere 3500π
= cm 3
 1 4  3
=  π ×12 × 8 + × × π × 13  cm 3 Let r cm be the radius of the sphere.
 2 3 
∵ Volume of the sphere = volume of the solid
26π
= cm 3
4 3500π
3 ∴ × π × r3 =
3 3
Total surface area of the solid r 3 = 875
= base area of the cylinder
+ curved surface area of the cylinder r = 9.56 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
+ curved surface area of the hemisphere ∴ The radius of the sphere is 9.56 cm.
 1 
=  π × 12 + 2 × π ×1× 8 + × 4 × π × 12  cm 2 8. Volume of the solid
 2  = volume of the original cylinder
= 19π cm 2 – volume of the cone removed
 1 
=  π × 5 2 ×12 − × π × 5 2 × 9  cm 3
5. Height of the circular cone  3 
 10 
2
= 225π cm 3
= 13 2 −   cm (Pyth. theorem)
 2 Slant height of the conical part
= 12 cm = 5 2 + 9 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
Volume of the solid
= volume of the circular cone + volume of the cylinder = 106 cm
Total surface area of the solid
1  10 
2
 10 
2

=  × π ×   ×12 + π ×   ×10 cm 3 = curved surface area of the conical part
 3  2  2  + curved surface area of the cylindrical part
+ base area of cylinder
= 350π cm 3
= (π × 5 × 106 + 2 × π × 5 ×12 + π × 5 2 ) cm 2
Total surface area of the solid
= curved surface area of the cone = (145 + 5 106 )π cm 2
+ curved surface area of the cylinder
+ base area of the cylinder
 10 10  10  
2
9. (a)
⌢
Length of AB =
120°
× 2 × π × 6 cm
= π × ×13 + 2 × π × ×10 + π ×    cm 2 360°
 2 2  2   = 4π cm
= 190π cm 2 ∴ Circumference of the base of the cone = 4π cm
2 × π × r = 4π
6. Base radius of the cone = radius of the hemisphere r=2
6
= cm h = 6 2 − 2 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2
= 3 cm = 32
Height of the cone = (7 – 3) cm = 4 cm = 5.66 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Slant height of the cone = 3 2 + 4 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 5 cm 1
(b) Volume of the cone = × π × 2 2 × 32 cm3
3
= 23.7 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

23
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

10. Let h cm be the rise in the water level. 3

 New radius  v
∵ Volume of water above the original water level ∵   = 1
= volume of the sphere  Original radius  v0
3
4 4 v
∴ π × r 2 × h = ×π × r 3   = 1
3  
5 v0
4r
h= v1
=
64
3 v0 125
4r
∴ The rise in the water level is cm . = 0.512
3
∴ v1 = 0.512v 0 = (1 − 48.8%)v 0
1 4 ∴ The percentage decrease in its volume is 48.8%.
11. Volume of the hemispherical part = × × π ×1.5 3 cm 3
2 3 2
9π  Height of cone B  curved surface area of cone B
= cm 3 14.   =
4  Height of cone A  curved surface area of cone A
Volume of water above the hemispherical part 2
 Height of cone B  27 cm 2
 9π  3   =
=  21π −  cm  Height of cone A  75 cm 2
 4 
2
75π  Height of cone B  9
= cm 3   =
4  Height of cone A  25
Let h cm be the depth of water in the cylindrical part. Height of cone B 3
75π =
π × 1.5 2 × h = Height of cone A 5
4 3
Volume of cone B  3 
h=
25
∴ = 
3 Volume of cone A  5 
Depth of water = depth of water in the cylindrical part Volume of cone B 27
=
+ radius of the hemisphere 250 cm 3 125
 25  27
= + 1.5  cm ∴ Volume of cone B = × 250 cm 3
 3  125
=
59
cm = 54 cm 3
6
Volume of the larger bowl
3
15.
 Internal diameter of the smaller life buoy  Volume of the smaller container
12.   3
 Internal diameter of the larger life buoy   radius of the larger bowl 
= 
volume of the smaller life buoy  radius of the smaller container 
= 3
volume of the larger life buoy Volume of the larger bowl  9 cm 
= 
 Internal diameter of the smaller life buoy 
3
540 cm3 Volume of the smaller container  3 cm 
  = = 27
 50 cm  2500 cm3
3
∴ A participant must carry water at least 27 times so
 Internal diameter of the smaller life buoy  27 that the larger bowl is fully filled.
  =
 50 cm  125
Internal diameter of the smaller life buoy 3 Level 2
= 16. Let r cm be the internal radius of the bowl.
50 cm 5
1 4
∴ Internal diameter of the smaller life buoy 144π = × × π × r 3
2 3
3
= × 50 cm r 3 = 216
5
= 30 cm r=6
External radius of the bowl = (6 + 0.5) cm
13. Let v0 and v1 be the original volume and the new = 6.5 cm
volume of the balloon. ∴ Volume of the material required to make the bowl
New radius = original radius × (1 − 20%) 1 4 
=  × × π × 6.53 − 144π  cm3
New radius
=
80  2 3 
Original radius 100 = 123 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
4
=
5 17. (a) ∵ Volume of the hemisphere
= volume of the cylinder
1
∴ Volume of the hemisphere = × 36π cm3
2
= 18π cm3

24
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

Let r cm be the radius of the hemisphere. With the notations in the figure,
1 4 ∵ △VGD ~ △VHC (AAA)
18π = × × π × r 3
2 3 VG GD
∴ =
r 3 = 27 VH HC
r =3 12 − h 2
=
∴ The radius of the hemisphere is 3 cm. 12 3
36 − 3h = 24
(b) Volume of the cylinder h=4
= volume of the hemisphere
= 18π cm3 (b) Volume of the frustum
Base radius of the cylinder = volume of cone VBC – volume of cone VAD
= radius of the hemisphere 1 1 
=  × π × 32 × 12 − × π × 2 2 × (12 − 4)  cm 3
= 3 cm 3 3 
Let h cm be the height of the cylinder. 76π 3
18π = π × 3 2 × h = cm
3
h=2
∴ The height of the cylinder is 2 cm.
20.
(c) Total surface area of the solid
= curved surface area of the hemisphere
+ curved surface area of the cylinder
+ base area of the cylinder
1 
=  × 4 × π × 3 2 + 2 × π × 3 × 2 + π × 3 2  cm 2
2 
= 39π cm 2

18. (a) Volume of water in the conical vessel With the notations in the figure,
2 consider right-angled triangle VAB.
1  14 
= × π ×   ×12 cm 3 (a) VM = VB 2 − MB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
3  2
2
= 196π cm 3  10 
= 13 2 −   cm
 2
(b) (i) Let h cm be the water level of the cylindrical = 12 cm
vessel. ∴ The height of △VAB is 12 cm.
2
 14 
196π = π ×   × h
 2 (b) Consider right-angled triangle VMN.
h=4 VN = VM 2 − MN 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ The water level of the cylindrical vessel is 2
 10 
4 cm. = 12 2 −   cm
 2
(ii) Area of surface in contact with water
= 119 cm
= curved surface in contact with water
+ base area = 10.9 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
  14   14  
2 ∴ The height of the pyramid is 10.9 cm.
=  2 × π ×   × 4 + π ×    cm 2
  2  2   (c) Volume of the pyramid
= 105π cm 2
1
= × (10 × 10) × 119 cm 3
3
19. (a) = 364 cm 3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

2
Curved surface area of cone VAB  3 
21. (a) = 
Curved surface area of cone VCD  3 + 4 
9
=
49
Let 9S be the curved surface area of cone VAB.
Then the curved surface area of cone VCD is 49S.
∴ Curved surface area of frustum ACDB
= 49S – 9S
= 40S

25
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

Curved surface area of the smaller circular cone New volume of liquid in the funnel
23. (a)
Curved surface area of the frustum Original volume of liquid in the funnel
9S 3
=  new height of liquid in the funnel 
40 S = 
 original height of liquid in the funnel 
9
= 3
40 New volume of liquid in the funnel  12 − 3 
= 
∴ The ratio of the curved surface area of the small Original volume of liquid in the funnel  12 
circular cone to that of the frustum is 9 : 40. New volume of liquid in the funnel  3 
3
= 
(b) ∵ Number of cans of paint is proportional to the 128 cm3  4
area of the surface to be painted. 27
New volume of liquid in the funnel = × 128 cm3
Number of cans of green paint 64
∴
Number of cans of purple paint = 54 cm3
curved surface area of the frustum Volume of liquid in the cylindrical container
= = (128 − 54) cm 3
curved surface area of the smaller circular cone
Number of cans of green paint 40 = 74 cm 3
= Base area of the cylindrical container
2 9
74
∴ Number of cans of green paint = 40 × 2 = cm 2
9 5
= 80 = 14.8 cm 2
9
80 (b) Depth of liquid after transferring all liquid
∴ cans of green paint are required to paint the
9 128
= cm
frustum. 14.8
= 8.65 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

22. (a) 24. (a) The frustum can be formed by cutting away a smaller
cone from a larger cone. Let V0 cm3 and V1 cm3 be
the volumes of the larger cone and the smaller
cone respectively.
3
V0  base radius of larger cone 
= 
V1  base radius of smaller cone 
3
V0  6 
= 
V1  3 
V1 + 105π
=8
V1
V1 + 105π = 8V1
For similar solids, the ratio of their heights is equal to
the ratio of the lengths of the corresponding edges. V1 = 15π
With the notations in the figure, V0 = (15π + 105π ) = 120π
PV DC Let h0 cm and h1 cm be the heights of the larger cone
=
QV HG and the smaller cone respectively.
1
PV
=
16 120π = × π × 6 2 × h0
PV − 6 cm 8 3
PV = 2( PV − 6 cm) h0 = 10
PV = 12 cm h0
=
base radius of larger cone
∴ The height of the original pyramid VABCD is h1 base radius of smaller cone
12 cm. 10 6
=
h1 3
(b) Height of pyramid VEFGH = (12 − 6) cm = 6 cm
h1 = 5
Volume of the container
= volume of pyramid VABCD ∴ h = h0 − h1 = 5
– volume of pyramid VEFGH
1 1  Alternative Solution
=  × (16 ×16) ×12 − × (8 × 8) × 6 cm 3
3 3  The frustum can be formed by cutting away a smaller
= 896 cm 3 cone from a larger cone.
Let hL cm and hS cm be the heights of the larger cone
and the smaller cone respectively.

26
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

hL base radius of the larger cone 2

=  Diameter of fruit pie for 25 guests 
hS base radius of the smaller cone
26.  
 Diameter of fruit pie for 1 guest 
hL 6 cm area of fruit pie for 25 guests
= =
hS 3 cm area of fruit pie for 1 guest
∴ hL = 2hS 2
 Diameter of fruit pie for 25 guests  25
  =
∵ Volume of the frustum = 105π cm 3
 10 cm  1
∴ Volume of the larger cone Diameter of fruit pie for 25 guests
=5
– volume of the smaller cone = 105π cm 3 10 cm
∴
1 1
× π × 62 × (2hS ) − × π × 32 × hS = 105π ∴ Diameter of fruit pie for 25 guests = 5 × 10 cm = 50 cm
3 3 ∴ Mrs Lee should make a fruit pie of diameter 50 cm.
24π hS − 3π hS = 105π
hS = 5 27. (a) Volume of water above the original water level

h = h L − hS = π × 5 2 × 7 cm 3
∴
= 2 h S − hS = 175π cm 3
= hS ∵ Volume of the larger cylinder
=5 + volume of the smaller cylinder = 175π cm 3
∴ Volume of the smaller cylinder
(b) Slant height of the larger cone = 175π cm 3 − volume of the larger cylinder
= 10 + 6 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
= (175π − 135π ) cm 3
= 136 cm = 40π cm 3
Slant height of the smaller cone
= 5 2 + 3 2 cm (Pyth. theorem) 3
 Base radius of the smaller cylinder 
(b) ∵  
= 34 cm
 Base radius of the larger cylinder 
Curved surface area of the frustum
volume of the smaller cylinder
= curved surface area of the larger cone =
volume of the larger cylinder
− curved surface area of the smaller cone
40π cm3
= (π × 6 × 36 − π × 3 × 34 ) cm 2 =
135π cm3
= 165 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 8
=
27
1 Base radius of the smaller cylinder 2
25. (a) Volume of the whole pyramid = × (6 × 6) ×18 cm 3 ∴ =
3 Base radius of the larger cylinder 3
= 216 cm 3 Curved surface area of the smaller cylinder
3
Volume of pyramid above the water surface  18 − 3  Curved surface area of the larger cylinder
= 
Volume of the whole pyramid  18   base radius of the smaller cylinder 
2

3 =  
Volume of pyramid above the water surface  5   base radius of the larger cylinder 
= 
216 cm3 6 2
2
∴ Volume of pyramid above the water surface = 
3
125
= × 216 cm3 4
216 =
9
= 125 cm3
∴ The ratio of the curved surface area of the
∴ Volume of pyramid below the water surface
smaller cylinder to that of the larger cylinder is
= (216 – 125) cm3 4 : 9.
= 91 cm 3

(b) Volume of water = (6 × 6 × 3 − 91) cm 3 = 17 cm 3

17
Depth of water = cm
6×6
= 0.472 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

27
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions

(c) Let r1 cm and r2 cm be the base radii of the smaller (b) Volume of frustum ABCDHEFG
cylinder and the larger cylinder respectively. = volume of pyramid VABCD
– volume of pyramid VEFGH
r 2
From (b), 1 = y  y 
r2 3 = 1 × y× h − 1 × x ×  h − h 
Consider the base radii of the container and the
3 y− x 3  y− x 
smaller cylinder,  y y x y x( y − x ) 
base radius of the container r +r = h × − + 
= 1 2 3  y− x y− x y− x 
base radius of the smaller cylinder r1
y ( y − x) + x ( y − x )
r2 = h×
= 1+ 3 y− x
r1
y ( y + x )( y − x ) + x( y − x )
= 1+
3 = h×
2 3 y− x
5 = h × [ y ( y + x ) + x]
=
2 3
Let h1 cm and h2 cm be the heights of the smaller h
= ( y + xy + x)
3
cylinder and the larger cylinder respectively.
h
= ( x + xy + y )
h r
Then 1 = 1 3
h2 r2
=2 Alternative Solution
3 Volume of frustum ABCDHEFG
Consider the heights of the container and the smaller = volume of pyramid VABCD
cylinder, – volume of pyramid VEFGH
height of the container h + h2
= 1 1 y 1  y 
height of the smaller cylinder h1 = × y× h − × x× h − h
y− x  
 y− x
3 3
h2 
= 1+
h1 1 y 1  y 
= × y× h − × x× − 1 h
= 1+ 3 y− x  
 y− x
3 3
2 
5 y  x 
= 1
= × y×
1
h − × x× h
2
y− x  
 y− x
3 3
Base radius of the container
∵ h y y −x x
Base radius of the smaller cylinder = ×
height of the container 3 y− x
=
height of the smaller cylinder h ( y) − ( x)
3 3

∴ The smaller cylinder is similar to the container. = ×

3 y− x
∵ The smaller cylinder is similar to the larger
cylinder. h ( y − x )( y + y x + x)
∴ The container and the two cylinders are of = ×
3 y− x
similar shapes.
h
= ( x + xy + y )
3
Challenging Questions (p. 7.65)

2 2. Height of the cone = 50 2 − 30 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)

 Height of pyramid VEFGH  = 40 cm
1. (a) ∵  
 Height of pyramid VABCD 
1
base area of pyramid VEFGH Volume of the cone = × π × 302 × 40 cm3
= 3
base area of pyramid VABCD
= 12 000π cm3
2
 VO − h  x
∴   = Base radius of the cone that is removed
 VO  y = radius of the hemisphere
VO − h x = r cm
=
VO 3
y Volume of the cone that is removed  r 
= 
VO y − h y = VO x 12 000π cm3  30 
VO( y − x ) = h y Volume of the cone that is removed r3
=
12 000π cm 3
27 000
 y 
∴ VO =  h 4πr 3
 y− x Volume of the cone that is removed = cm3
  9

28
 7 Areas and Volumes (III)

 4πr 3  3
Volume of the frustum = 12 000π − cm
 9 
1 4
Volume of the hemisphere = × × π × r cm
3 3
2 3
2πr 3
= cm3
3
Volume of the hemisphere = volume of the frustum
2πr 3 4πr 3
= 12 000π −
3 9
10πr 3
= 12 000π
9
r 3 = 10 800
Volume of the new solid
 2πr 3 4πr 3  3
=  + 12 000π − cm
 3 9 
 2π (10 800) 4π (10 800)  3
= + 12 000π −  cm
 3 9 
= 14 400π cm3

29