Grammar: unit 8+9+10

Unit 8: REPORTED SPEECH

A. STATEMENTS: How to change direct speech into reported speech:
Form:
S + said + (to+O) (that) + S + V
S + told + O (that) + S + V
 Đổ i độ ng từ ở mệnh đề chính thà nh: said, told …
 Đổ i Pronouns, possessive adjectives
 Đổ i Verb tense.
 Đổ i Adverbs (time, place)
1. Pronouns, possessive adjectives:
Direct Reported
I He / she
Me Him/ her
My His/ her
We They
Us Them
Our Their
2. Verb tense:
Direct speech Reported speech
1. Present simple 1. Past simple
Ex: go Ex: went
2. Present progressive 2. Past progressive
Ex: is going Ex: was / were going
3. Present perfect / Past simple 3. Past perfect
Ex: have done/ swam Ex: had done/ had swum
4. Past progressive 4. Past perfect progressive
Ex: was / were going Ex: had been going
5. Future simple 5. Future in the past
Ex: will Ex: would
3. Adverbs of time & place:
Direct speech Reported speech
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before / the previous week
Next week The week after / the following week / the next week

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10
@ Notes:
 Nếu độ ng từ ở mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta chỉ đổ i đạ i từ trong lờ i trích dẫ n.
Ex: The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow.”
The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.
She says, “I’m tired now.”
She says that she is tired now.
 Nếu độ ng từ ở mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta phả i đổ i thì, đạ i từ , từ và cụ m từ chỉ
thờ i gian, nơi chố n trong lờ i trích dẫ n.
Ex: Judy said, “I will phone you tomorrow.”
Judy told me (that) she would phone me the day after.
 Không lùi thì khi câu diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: People said, “The earth is round.”
 People said that the earth is round.

B. COMMANDS:
Form:
S + told / asked + O + (not) to V
Ex: “Hurry up, Lan”
He told Lan to hurry up.
“Don’t make noise in class, please!”
The teacher asked them not to make noise in class.
C. QUESTIONS:
Form:
wh- + S + V
S + asked + O
if / whether + S + V

1. Wh-Questions:
Ex: “What time does the film begin?”
He asked me what time the film began.
2. Yes-No Questions:
Ex: “Have you seen that film?”
He asked me if I had seen that film.

Unit 10: PASSIVE VOICE

A. Form:
S + be + V3, ed (place + by O + time)
Ex: The book was written by Mark Twain
B. How to change into the passive voice:
Active: S V O

Passive: S BE + V3, ed by + O

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

1. Simple present S + Vo/ s/ es S + am/ is/ are + V3/ ed

2. Present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are + being + V3/ ed

3. Present perfect S + has/ have + V3/ ed S + has/ have + been + V3/ ed

4. Simple past S + V2/ ed S + was/ were + V3/ ed

5. Past continuous S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + being + V3/ ed

6. Past perfect S + had + V3/ ed S + had + been + V3/ ed

7. Simple future S + will + Vo S + will + be + V3/ ed

8. Modal verbs S + can/ could + Vo S + can/ could + be + V3/ ed

may/ might may/ might
has to/ have to has to/ have to
ought to ought to
be going to be going to
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers ________________________ by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
 That letter ____________________ by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
 A new school _______________________ here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of question
 I ____________________ a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
Her homework ______________________ at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
 That cake _________________________ by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
A party _________________________________ before we came.

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@ Notes:
A. Causative forms: have, get
VERBS KINDS FORMS

Active S + have + O (person) + Vo

Have
Passive S + have + O (thing) + V3/ed

Active S + get + O (person) + to V

Get
Passive S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex: 1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.
EXERCISE
REPORTED SPEECH:
I. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. “He works in a bank”
She said ___________________________________________________________
2. “We went out last night”
She told me ________________________________________________________
3. “I’m coming!”
She said ___________________________________________________________
4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”
She told me ________________________________________________________
5. “ I’d never been there before”
She said ___________________________________________________________
6. “I didn’t go to the party”
She told me ________________________________________________________
7. “Lucy will come later”
She said ___________________________________________________________
8. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”
She told me ________________________________________________________
9. “I can help you tomorrow”
She said ___________________________________________________________
10. “You should go to bed early”
She told me ________________________________________________________
11.“I don’t like chocolate”
She told me ________________________________________________________
12.“I won’t see you tomorrow”
She said ___________________________________________________________
13.“I lived in Paris for a few months last year”

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10
She said ___________________________________________________________
14.“I visited my parents at the weekend”
She told me ________________________________________________________
15.“She hasn’t eaten sushi before”
She said ___________________________________________________________
16.“I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London”
She said ___________________________________________________________
17.“They would help if they could”
She said ___________________________________________________________
18.“I’ll do the washing-up later”
She told me ________________________________________________________
19.“He could read when he was three”
She said ___________________________________________________________
20.“I was sleeping when Julie called”
She said ___________________________________________________________

II. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. “I have something to show you,” I said to her.

___________________________________________________________________
2. “Nothing grows in my garden because it never gets any sun,” she said.
___________________________________________________________________
3. “I'm going away tomorrow, mother,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________
4. He said, “I have eaten my lunch.”
___________________________________________________________________
5. “I've been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower,” said Robert.
___________________________________________________________________
6. “I can’t come to the party on Friday night because I have to do my homework,” Lan says.
___________________________________________________________________
7. “We have moved into our new flat,” said my aunt.
___________________________________________________________________
8. “From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________
9. She said, “I am doing a degree at the university”
___________________________________________________________________
10. “I've no idea what the time is but I'll dial 8081 and find out,” said his daughter.
___________________________________________________________________
11.“I have a German lesson this afternoon,” said the small boy.
___________________________________________________________________
12.Ann said, “Englishmen make good husbands because they are willing to help in the house.”
___________________________________________________________________
13.He said,” I am quite a good cook and I do all my own washing too.”
___________________________________________________________________
14.“You can keep that one if you like, Joan,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________
15.“I go to school every day,” Peter says to Mary

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10
___________________________________________________________________
16.“I'll sit up till she comes in, but I hope she won't be late,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________
17.“If you give me some wire, I'll hang that picture for you,” said my cousin.
___________________________________________________________________
18.Mary said, “The world is round”.
___________________________________________________________________
19.“I must watch TV,” the boy said to me.
___________________________________________________________________
20.The teacher said, “Two and two are four.”
___________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the sentences using reported speech:

1. “I’ve been working very hard today”, said Ann.

 Ann said that ________________________________________________________________________
2. “I’m not going to do anything this weekend”, said John.
 John said_____________________________________________________________________________
3. “I don’t know what you are talking about”, Daisy said to Tim.
 Daisy told ___________________________________________________________________________
4. “This problem is my mistake”, the manager said to me
 The manager told___________________________________________________________________
5. Helen said to me, “I was writing a letter at this time yesterday afternoon”.
 Helen told me_______________________________________________________________________
6. Michael said, “ I’m going to read the novel you gave me”
 Michael told me ____________________________________________________________________
7. “I’ll do my best in the coming examination, Mum”, Tom said.
 Tom told ____________________________________________________________________________
8. He said to me, “We have finished our work.”
 He told me __________________________________________________________________________
9. “We are living in our own house now”, Mr. White said.
 Mr. White said ______________________________________________________________________
10.“My sister and George are going to get married next week,” Rob said.
 Rob told me that____________________________________________________________________
11.“My sister has just had a baby,” Mary said.
 Mary said that ______________________________________________________________________
12.“I saw Pauline at the party last month,” Mike said.
 Mike told me that___________________________________________________________________
13.“I have just passed the driving test,” Helen said.
 Helen told that _____________________________________________________________________
14.“I must finish this report by Monday”, Jill said.
 Jill said that ________________________________________________________________________
15.“I sent a letter to my parents yesterday,” Kim said.
 Kim said that _______________________________________________________________________

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10

PASSIVE VOICE

Change these sentences into passive voice

1. They can’t make tea with cold water.
....................................................................................................
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
....................................................................................................
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
....................................................................................................
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
....................................................................................................
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
....................................................................................................
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
....................................................................................................
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
....................................................................................................
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
....................................................................................................
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
....................................................................................................
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
....................................................................................................
11. The children looked at the women with a red hat.
....................................................................................................
12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
....................................................................................................
13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
....................................................................................................
14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.
....................................................................................................
15. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name.
....................................................................................................
16. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
....................................................................................................
17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
....................................................................................................
18. They told the new pupil where to sit.
....................................................................................................
19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
....................................................................................................
20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
....................................................................................................
21. No one believes his story.
....................................................................................................
22. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
....................................................................................................
23. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.

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Grammar: unit 8+9+10
....................................................................................................
24. A man I know told me about it.
....................................................................................................
25. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
....................................................................................................
Change these sentences into passive voice
1/ Yes – No question:
1. Do they teach English here?
....................................................................................................
2. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
....................................................................................................
3. Did the teacher give some exercises?
....................................................................................................
4. Is she going to write a poem?
....................................................................................................
5. Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
....................................................................................................
6. Is she making big cakes for the party?
....................................................................................................
7. Has Tom finished the work?
....................................................................................................
8. Are the police making inquires about the thief?
....................................................................................................
9. Must we finish the test before ten?
....................................................................................................
10. Will buses bring the children home?
....................................................................................................
2/ Wh – questions:
11. Why didn’t they help him?
....................................................................................................
12. How many games has the team played?
....................................................................................................
13. Where do people speak English?
....................................................................................................
14. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
....................................................................................................
15. How can they open this safe?
....................................................................................................
16. What books are people reading this year?
....................................................................................................
17. How did the police find the lost man?
....................................................................................................
18. Who looked after the children for you?
....................................................................................................
19. How long have they waited for the doctor?
....................................................................................................
20. What time can the boys hand in their papers?
....................................................................................................