RCC - Temp. Support

TEMPORARY SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN
R.C.C.
TEMPORARY SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN RCC
These include any kind of temporary construction necessary to assist/support the execution of the permanent works
and which will be removed (sometimes not). They can be categorized in the following types:
TEMPORARY SUPPORTS IN R.C.C.
SHORING+ TIMBERING IN
SCAFFOLDING UNDERPINNING
STRUTING TRENCHES
SHORING
• Shoring is the
construction of a
temporary structure to
support temporarily an
unsafe structure. These
support walls laterally.
WHERE IS SHORING
DONE?
• When a wall shows sign
of bulging out due to bad
workman ship.
• When a wall cracks due
to unequal settlement of
foundation and cracked
wall needs repairing.
• When an adjacent
structure is to be
dismantled.
• When opening are to be
made or enlarged in the
wall.
TYPES OF SHORING
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES FLYING OR HORIZONTAL SHORES DEAD OR VERTICAL SHORES

RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
• It is a system of giving
temporary support to an
unsafe wall.
A raking shore consists of

following components:
1. Rakers / inclined
members
2. Wall plate
3. Needles
4. Cleats
5. Bracing
6. Sole plate
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
• Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 45 degree.

However the angle may be between 45 and 75
degrees.
• For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be

reduced by introducing rider raker.
• Rakers should be properly braced at intervals. The size

of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of
anticipated thrust from the wall.
• The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at

floor level.
• Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover

longer length of the bar.
• The sole plate should be properly embedded into the

ground on an inclination and should be of proper
section and size.
• Wedges should not be used on sole plates since they Raking Shores Wall Support Raking shore for Multistoried Building
are likely to giv way under vibrations that are likely to where inclination of the rakers has to
occur. be limited due to short land width
FLYING OR HORIZONTAL SHORES
• In this type of shoring,

the horizontal supports
are provided for
supporting temporarily
the parallel walls of the
two adjacent buildings,
which may tend to
collapse or damage
when one of the
intermediate buildings
has t be pulled down and
rebuilt.
FLYING OR HORIZONTAL SHORES
DEAD OR VERTICAL SHORES
• In this system of shoring, the vertical

members known as ‘dead shores’ are used
to support temporarily the walls, roofs, floors,
etc. by providing horizontal members known
as needle.
DEAD OR VERTICAL SHORES
OBJECTIVES:
• (To rebuild the lower part of a defective load

bearing wall).
• To rebuild (or replace) or deepen the existing

foundations, which have either become unsafe
or require strengthening for carrying heavier
loads.
• To provide large openings in the existing walls

such as doors, windows, shop fronts or
garages at a lower level.
STRUTING
• By excluding soil and/or water from the

excavation work happening below,
strutting systems act as the silent
guardians, the watchful protectors in
ensuring that the stability of retaining
walls are not compromised for particularly
demanding retaining wall loads.
• The design of strutting systems based on

the understanding of the relationship
between soil and structure interaction.
Strutting systems are the preferred option
when it comes to land excavation related
projects, being the better solution for
potential soil movement and waving
mid-project caused by certain soft soil
conditions.
STRUTING
STRUTING
TIMBERING IN TRENCHES
• When the depth of

trench is large or
when the sub- soil is
loose ,the sides of
trench may cave in.
• The problem can by

adopting a suitable
method of timbering.
• Timber of trenches
,sometime also
known as ‘shoring’
consists of providing
timber planks or
boards and struts to
give temporary
support to the sides
of the trench.
Various methods of timbering:
1. Stay bracing
2. Box sheeting
3. Vertical sheeting
4. Runners system
5. Sheet piling
1.Stay bracing:
• When the trench

soil is firm and
the depth of
excavation does
not exceed 2.0
meters.
• This method is
used for
supporting the
sides of a trench.
2.Box Sheeting:
• This Method is
use when
excavation is
to be carried
out in loose
soil and when
the depth of
excavation
does not
exceed 4
meters.
3.Vertical Sheeting:
• This method is adopted for deep trenches (up to 10 m depth) in

soft ground.
• This method is similar to box sheeting except that the excavation is

carried out in stages and at the end of each stage an offset is
provided.
4.Runners:
• In case of extremely loose and soft ground runner system

is provided.
• The system is similar to Vertical sheeting. Except that in
place of vertical sheeting runners are provided.
5.Sheet piling:
• Sheet piles are designed to resist lateral earth pressure.
• These are driven in the ground by mechanical means (pile driving
equipment’s).
• This method is adopted when the soil to be excavated is loose or soft,
width of trench is large, depth of excavation is large or sub soil water is
present.
SCAFFOLDING
Types of scaffolding:
1. Single scaffolding
2. Double scaffolding
3. Needle Scaffolding
4. Trestle Scaffolding
5. Suspended Scaffolding
6. Steel Scaffolding
7. Patented Scaffolding
SCAFFOLDING
Single scaffolding:
• This is the most common type

scaffolding and is widely used in the
construction or brickwork.
• It consists a single row of standards

placed at a distance about 20 m from
the wall.
• Standards are placed at 2 to 2.5 m

interval.
SCAFFOLDING
Double scaffolding:
• This scaffolding is stronger than

the single scaffolding.
• It is used in the construction of

stonework.
SCAFFOLDING
Needle scaffolding:
• Ground is weak to support the standards.
• Construction of upper part of the wall is to be carried out.
• It is required to keep the ground near wall, free for traffic, etc.
SCAFFOLDING
Trestle scaffolding:
• In this type of scaffolding, the working platform is

supported on movable contrivances such as
ladders, tripods etc. mounted on wheel.
• This type of scaffolding is used for painting or

pointing.
SCAFFOLDING
STEEL SCAFFOLDING PATENTED SCAFFOLDING

UNDERPINNING
• The term underpinning is

applied to the construction of
a new foundation underneath
the existing one for
strengthening purposes.
• Types of underpinning:
1. Pit Method
2. Pile Method
UNDERPINNING
PIT METHOD:
• In this method existing wall over the
foundations divided into various
sections, generally 1.2 to 1.5 m in
length. Holes are than made at
adequate height in the existing wall.
• In these holes steel needle beams
with bearing plates are inserted and
supported on either side of the by
means of crib supports.
UNDERPINNING
PILE METHOD:
• In this method, piles are driven at regular interval along

both the sides of the wall.
• The piles are connected by concrete or steel needles,
penetrating through the wall.
• This method is very much useful in clayey soils, and in
water logged areas.
UNDERPINNING

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TEMPORARY SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN

TEMPORARY SUPPORTS IN R.C.C.

RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES FLYING OR HORIZONTAL SHORES DEAD OR VERTICAL SHORES

A raking shore consists of

• Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 45 degree.

• For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be

• Rakers should be properly braced at intervals. The size

• The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at

• Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover

• The sole plate should be properly embedded into the

• In this type of shoring,

• In this system of shoring, the vertical

• (To rebuild the lower part of a defective load

• To rebuild (or replace) or deepen the existing

• To provide large openings in the existing walls

• By excluding soil and/or water from the

• The design of strutting systems based on

• When the depth of

• The problem can by

Various methods of timbering:

• When the trench

• This method is adopted for deep trenches (up to 10 m depth) in

• This method is similar to box sheeting except that the excavation is

• In case of extremely loose and soft ground runner system

• This is the most common type

• It consists a single row of standards

• Standards are placed at 2 to 2.5 m

• This scaffolding is stronger than

• It is used in the construction of

• Ground is weak to support the standards.

• Construction of upper part of the wall is to be carried out.

• In this type of scaffolding, the working platform is

• This type of scaffolding is used for painting or

STEEL SCAFFOLDING PATENTED SCAFFOLDING

• The term underpinning is

• In this method, piles are driven at regular interval along

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