Jurnal Bunga
Jurnal Bunga
Jurnal Bunga
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to investigate the physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and further evaluation of its antibacterial
activity from morbesi-besi (Tarenna polycarpa) leaf ethyl acetate and hexane fractions (HF).
Methods: The physicochemical parameters were carried out as per the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline from its ethanolic extract. The
phytochemical screening was performed as per Indonesia Pharmacopoeia and conventional method on its ethyl acetate and HF. Ethyl acetate and HF
at different concentration were evaluated using agar well diffusion assay.
Result: The plant was found to be free from contaminations. Morbesi-besi leaf fractions are composed of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins,
steroids, and triterpenoids. The phytochemical screening showed only ethyl acetate of lotus leaf extract contains the flavonoids. The antibacterials
assay showed that ethyl acetate fraction was better than HF from the inhibition zone.
Conclusion: From the outcomes of this study, morbesi-besi leaf (T. polycarpa) possess potential antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Tarenna polycarpa, Fractions, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical, Physicochemical, Agar well diffusion method.
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23641
Agar well diffusion method ATCC 14028 and P. aeruginosa/ATCC 9027). This was expected because
Antibacterial activity was tested by the agar well diffusion method. of the chemical compounds that contained in morbesi-besi leaf drawn
Mueller Hinton Agar was prepared and autoclaved for 15–20 min and on ethyl acetate provides an antibacterial activity which is very strong
poured in Petri plates and then cooled. The different concentrations (David and Stout, 1971). According to David and Stout (1971), if the
(0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/mL) were used for diameter of the zone of inhibition more than 20 mm, it can be concluded
this study. The Petri plates were kept for 3–4 h at low temperature and as a very strong antibacterial agent. With the lowest concentration
incubated at 36–37°C for 24 h. Antibacterial activity was recorded by (40 mg/ml), morbesi-besi leaf ethyl acetate fraction showed the super
measurement of the zone of inhibition around each disc in the plate effective as an antibacterial agent rather than hexane fraction.
using zone reader. Each assay was using triplicate for determination of
antibacterial test [4]. The results are almost similar to Karthikkumara study (2014) when they
studied the antibacterial activity of Tarenna asiatica extract [16]. This
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Table 1: Phytochemical screening result of various fractions of
The MIC of the ethanolic extract was determined according to the
macro broth dilution technique. Standardized suspensions of the test morbesi‑besi leaf
organism were inoculated into a series of sterile tubes of nutrient broth
No Screening HF EA
containing two-fold dilutions of leaf extracts and incubated at 37°C for
24 h. The MICs were read as the least/minimum concentration that 1 Alkaloids Negative Negative
inhibited the growth of the test organisms [12,13]. 2 Flavonoids Negative Positive
3 Glycosides Negative Positive
Statistical data analysis 4 Tannins Negative Positive
The results were given as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from 3 times 5 Saponins Negative Positive
6 Triterpenoid/steroids Positive Negative
measurement. Each assay was used triplicate for determination of
antibacterial test. HF: Hexane fraction, EA: Ethyl acetate fraction
Antibacterial activity
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of different bacteria such as Gram-
positive bacteria (S. aureus/ATCC6538 and S. epidermis/ATCC 12228)
and Gram-negative bacteria (S. thypi/ATCC 14028 and P. aeruginosa/
ATCC 9027) was evaluated and compared by a zone of inhibition in disc
diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and HF exhibited maximum activity
on 500 mg/ml concentration (Table 3 and Figs. 1 and 2). The data showed
the ethyl acetate was more potential than HF from morbesi-besi leaf.
From the antibacterial assay, the data from the zone of inhibition showed
the ethyl acetate fraction from morbesi-besi leaf significant activity
against bacteria such as Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus/ATCC6538 Fig. 2: Antibacterial activity of morbesi-besi leaf ethyl acetate
and S. epidermis/ATCC 12228) and Gram-negative bacteria (S. thypi/ fraction
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Barus et al.
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 11, Issue 4, 2018, 78-80
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