This experiment studied the mixing of granular materials and powders using a v-cone mixer. Samples taken at different mixing times (20, 40, and 60 minutes) were analyzed to calculate the fraction of one ingredient. Standard deviation was lowest after 60 minutes, indicating more homogeneous mixing over time. Based on the standard deviation values, the author recommends mixing beans for 60 minutes in the v-cone mixer for best results. The filling level of the mixer was also identified as an important factor, with 50-60% being the optimal range.
This experiment studied the mixing of granular materials and powders using a v-cone mixer. Samples taken at different mixing times (20, 40, and 60 minutes) were analyzed to calculate the fraction of one ingredient. Standard deviation was lowest after 60 minutes, indicating more homogeneous mixing over time. Based on the standard deviation values, the author recommends mixing beans for 60 minutes in the v-cone mixer for best results. The filling level of the mixer was also identified as an important factor, with 50-60% being the optimal range.
This experiment studied the mixing of granular materials and powders using a v-cone mixer. Samples taken at different mixing times (20, 40, and 60 minutes) were analyzed to calculate the fraction of one ingredient. Standard deviation was lowest after 60 minutes, indicating more homogeneous mixing over time. Based on the standard deviation values, the author recommends mixing beans for 60 minutes in the v-cone mixer for best results. The filling level of the mixer was also identified as an important factor, with 50-60% being the optimal range.
This experiment studied the mixing of granular materials and powders using a v-cone mixer. Samples taken at different mixing times (20, 40, and 60 minutes) were analyzed to calculate the fraction of one ingredient. Standard deviation was lowest after 60 minutes, indicating more homogeneous mixing over time. Based on the standard deviation values, the author recommends mixing beans for 60 minutes in the v-cone mixer for best results. The filling level of the mixer was also identified as an important factor, with 50-60% being the optimal range.
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FST559 Unit Operations
Name: Nur Aqlili Izzah bt Sazali
Student ID: 2020977239 Class: AS2463B2 Experiment 6: Solid mixing of granular material and powdered foods by using v-cone mixer RESULTS A. Mixing efficiency Table 6.1: Weight of red beans collected in 20 g sample at different mixing time
Table 6.3 Observation data on three different combination of 3 in 1 coffee (given total weight for combination is 230 g)
Coffee Cream Sugar Comments
Trial Weight Percentage Weight Percentage Weight Percentage (g) (%) (g) (%) (g) (%) Too biter, less sweat 1 40 17.39% 120 52.17% 70 30.43% and less creamy Bitter, less 2 30 13.04% 100 43.48% 100 43.48% sweat and creamy Bitter, sweet 3 20 8.7% 100 43.48% 110 47.83% and creamy CALCULATION 1 S2= ¿ + ( x ¿¿ 3− x́ )2 … ..(x ¿¿ n− x́)2 ¿ ¿ N S = standard deviation of a sample taken during mixing n=number of samples x 1 , x 2 ， x 3 ， x n=the fratcionof the ¿ beans∈each 20 g of samples
x́=the mean fraction of all samples
Fraction of red beans in 20 g mixture
1
20 min 3.52/ 20 = 0.176
40 min 3.86/ 20 = 0.193 60 min 4.15/ 20 = 0.2075 2
S = 0.0127 Percentage of 3 in 1 coffee Coffee 1 Coffee (40/230) x 100 = 17.39% Cream (120/230) x 100 = 52.17% Sugar (70/230) x 100 = 30.43 2 Coffee (30/230) x 100% = 13.04% Cream (100/230) x 100% = 43.48% Sugar (100/230) x 100% = 43.48% 3 Coffee (20/230) x 100% = 8.7% Cream (100/230) x 100% = 43.48% Sugar (110/230) x 100% = 47.83%
CONCLUSIONS
Make conclusions based on the following questions:
1. Define and explain significance of standard deviation knowledge in unit operation - To measure variability or diversity used in statistics and probability theory. It shows how much variation or dispersion exists from the average mean. Standard deviation is a measure of variation that indicates typical distance between scores of a distribution and mean. Low standard deviation shows data points tend to be very close to mean, when high standard deviation means the data are spread out over a large range of value. Significance of standard deviation in unit operation is that it is to measure how spread the data of fraction of red beans collected in 20g sample at different mixing time and different speed. This will calculate the changes in sample composition. Deviation of sample compositions from the mean composition of overall mixture represents a measure of mixing process.
2. Compare the value of SD for 3 different mixing time. How long should be the beans be mixed in the v-cone mixer - 40min mixing time shows high reading of standard deviation which is 0.279 meanwhile 60min mixing time shows lowest reading of standard deviation which is 0.0127 and for 20min shows reading of 0.014. The longer time taken, the solid mixing become more homogenize. The lower the standard deviation, the nearer the value to mean value and the better the mixing process. Hence the beans should be mixed for 60min in v-cone mixer.
3. Suggest factor that affect the efficiency of mixing.
- If the filling is more than 50-60% in the v-cone mixer, the lower the effectiveness of the mixer. Hence the filling needs to be within the range of 50%-60% only in v-cone mixer. Keeping the filling in this level of percentage provide free space in v-cone mixer during blending process which minimize time taken for homogenous blending.
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