Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export  -import theory”   

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory  1 

 Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership s tructure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

 proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
 

 Sole proprietorships

 A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1.They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2.They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3.Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4.The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
 

The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole

 proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally
liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be
bought to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is
not sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
cr  editors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner.
Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to
personal funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few
individuals have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business,
and the owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate
upon the death or disability of the owner.

Establis hing an appropriate business org anization: pointers

   Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

   Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

   What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

   What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

   Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?

   How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

 

o  Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals

and objectives of the export-import business? ( Belay, 2009). 

2. EsEula rbeosrpee ucntivao l i stiag ndifeic vaodcoa ebnu lianrgiolé sso. bre el
texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

VOCABULARIO SIGNIFICADO
Advantages: a condition giving a greater Ventajas:. una condición que
chance of success.  brinda mayores posibilidades de
Applied: That puts effort, interest and éxito.
perseverance in the accomplishment of a Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
work or in the development of an activity, constancia en la realización de un trabajo o
especially in the study. en el desarrollo de una actividad, en
Attorney: Person legally authorized to especial en el estudio. 
advise and defend the rights and interests Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada
of another person in legal matters.  para asesorar y defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en materia
Busines:  the activity of buying and  jurídica. 
selling goods and services. Negocio: la actividad de comprar y
Disadvantages:.  a condition or vender bienes y servicios.
situation that causes problems, especially Desventajas: una condición o situación
one that causes something or someone to que causa problemas, especialmente una
be less que causa que algo o alguien sea menos
successful than other things or people   exitoso que otras cosas o personas.
Income: money that is earned from doing Ingresos: dinero que se gana haciendo
work or received from
trabajo o recibido de inversiones. 
investments Judgment: the ability to Juicio: la capacidad de formar opiniones
form valuable opinions and make good
valiosas y tomar buenas decisiones.
decisions. 
Little: That has a smaller size than normal. Pequeño:  Que tiene un tamaño menor de
lo normal.
Loans: an amount of money that is Prestamos: una cantidad de dinero que se
borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be toma prestado, a menudo de un banco, y
paid back, usually together with an extra que debe devolverse, generalmente junto
amount of money that you have to pay as a con una cantidad adicional de dinero que
charge for borrowing.  debe pagar como cargo por el préstamo:.
Loss: the fact that you no longer Pérdidas: el hecho de que ya no tienes
have something or have less of algo o tienes menos
something Proprietorships: Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el
Propertyrights derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el
In the right, the domain or property, is the poder directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o
direct and immediate power over an object bien, por la que se atribuye a su titular la
or good, by which is attributed to its owner capacidad de disponer del mismo, sin más
the ability to dispose of it, without further limitaciones que las que imponga la ley.
limitations than those imposed by law. 
  

Returns: The return is the act of giving

something back to someone. It is a process Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto
that is based on a right of possession of a de entregar algo nuevamente a alguien. Es
certain person with respect to a certain un proceso de se sustenta en un derecho
good that was delivered with some type of de posesión de una determinada persona
con respecto a un determinado bien que
specific objective. fue
Skills: an ability to do an activity or job entregado con algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
well, especially because you have practised
Habilidades: la capacidad de hacer bien
it 
una actividad o trabajo, especialmente
porque lo has practicado
Sole: being only  
being one only. Único: siendo uno solo.
Fuente: https://dictionary.cambridge.org 
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifyingthemain idea”   para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.


  Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a
good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.
   In the following section you read about sole proprietorships: a
company that is owned and operated by one person.
   One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain and organize because
the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no governmental
approval at all.
   The owner has total control over the finances and other assets.
   Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated by government.
   As a sole proprietor you pay less taxes.
   Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a
good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escribalas ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

imple Present TensePresent Progressive Tense

is important to choose the right formIt is being important to choose the right of business organizationform of business organisation
n the following section you read about In the following section you are reading
 

sole proprietorships: a company that is

owned and operated by one person. about sole proprietorships: a company
that is owned and operated by one
One advantage is, that it is easy to person.
One advantage is, that it is easy to
mreagiinstarainti ona npdr
mreagiinstraainti ona ndp
ocoergdaunreizse arbee chaeuasep
th e rorcgeadnuizrees beacraeu seb
a n d require almost no governmental
approval at all. etihneg cheap and require almost no
The owner has total control over the governmental approval at all.
finances and other assets. The owner is having total control over
Compared to other forms it is lowly the finances and other assets.
regulated by government. Compared to other forms it is being
 As a sole proprietor you pay less lowly regulated by government.
taxes.  As a sole proprietor you are paying
Because of the unlimited liability it is less taxes.
recommended to choose a good Because of the unlimited liability it is
insurance to avoid personal financial being recommended to choose a good
insurance to avoid personal financial
ruin.
ruin.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15líneas.

It is important to choose the right form of business organization. In the following

section you can read about the sole proprietorships: in this case, a company that is
owned and operated by one person. One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain
and organize because the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no
governmental approval at all.The owner has total control over the finances and
other assets.Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated by government.As a
sole proprietor you pay less taxes.Because of the unlimited liability it is
recommended to choose a good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material

de formación Using simple present and progressive to export 
“ ” y el
material complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.
 

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimáticade su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato
.doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.
2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota:esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 

Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en inglés.