MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal

“The Advantages and Disadvantages of self learning especially in

Senior High School students”

A Research Presented to the Faculty of Maritime Academy for Training and Education

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Quantitative Research Method

Edison Mendova Musngi

Jovan R Rodriguez
Mark Laurence Nacua
Justin Cabuntas
Justine Vallestero Tulab
John abiador

Acknowledgement

This study would not be possible without the guidance and the help of person for

the preparation of this study.

Our utmost gratitude to Ms. Jessa R. Tapia our research adviser, for her

encouragement and for her support in giving generous guidance and suggestion on this

study.

To our panelists, Mr. ___________ and Mr. _________ for sharing their pearls

of wisdom and giving us valuable insights and suggestions for further improvement for

our research
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
To our family, who gave all spiritual, financial and moral support that we need;

To our classmates, who helped us and shared happiness while doing the

thesis;

Above all, to Almighty God that gave us the divine knowledge to survive upon

the completion of this research work.

Title: “The Advantages and Disadvantages of

self learning especially in Senior High
School students”

Researchers: Edison Mendova Musngi

Jovan R Rodriguez
Mark Laurence Nacua
Justine Vallestero Tulab
John abiador
Justin Cabuntas

Adviser: MS. JESSA TAPIA

School and Address: MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND

EDUCATION INC. BRGY. SAN JUAN, TAYTAY,

RIZAL

Academic Track: PRE-BACCALAUREATE MARITIME

SPECIALIZATION
Date Completed: MAY 2021
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
The researcher will use random sampling for the three-section of grade 11 Grade

11 Maritime Academy of Training and Education. The study will have at least 30

respondents.

CHAPTER 1

The problem and its background

Introduction:
Self learning or self study is a strategy of learning that emerged due to the availability of learning

resources online. Self learning compare to actual learning, a strategy of self learning you can learn what

you want when you want, and how you want. Meanwile the self learning have a Advantage and

Disadvatage. Due to pandemic everything changed ,our economy get worst specially the educational

learning system to make sure that learning will continue both public and private schools in the phlippines

to change their learning system from the traditional face to face set up to Distance learning its eiher

Online, Modular or blended Learning. According to (S Al kindy 2020), self study has been in practice for

quite some time, meant for both, brilliant and normal students, a challenge for the former and concocting

interest to the later. Moreover, helps improve quality of curriculum understanding, and is cost effective

(Shafto MG 2015).

However, One of the advantage of self learning can be quite useful for those who do not have a time and

cannot afford to meet the standard of education learning system to educate themselves. According to

(Prachi Juneja 2015). Disadvantage of self learning, working in teams increases collaboration and allows
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
brainstorming. As a result, more ideas are developed and productivity improves. Two or more people are

always better than one for solving problems, finishing off difficult tasks and increasing

creativity.Teamwork encourages communication between team members.

The Disadvantage of self learning to the students in senior high school. The feedback is limited, self learning

for the students is very difficult we cannot make sure the students will gaine the complete information

just the reading the text inside of papers that the tearchers had prepared, so the students will now find

ways to communicate teachers but the problem is the feedback is limited. Its either because work or

signals or the students will become brightent to ask questions for their teachers, because they think that

the teachers will be irritated of a lot of questions. So the teachers won't met their expected knowledge

gained by students.

The researchers seek to fine the solution for this study, self study is an important aspect since the

pandemic happened. In this study the significance is to know and help even studying with conventional

teaching methods, it is very important for a student to have a clear vision and understanding of every

lesson. Even the Self-learning is the modern form of learning. Not that it has replaced traditional,

instructional learning, but it has supplemented it and with some great results. Self-directed learning has

been proven to be effective, convenient, and fast, thanks to the rise of the internet. Nowadays, you can

learn how to do almost anything through a simple Google search, by watching a YouTube tutorial, etc

and by simply reading instruction manuals. This study the importance is to know what is the

advantanges and disadvatages of self study. The researcher believes that this study provide teachers

as well as curriculum designers with a fundamental background about the benefit of enhancing self-

learning to encourage creativity in learners’ thinking.

The researchers believe that this research will helps the studenst, teachers, school administrator

especially students in Senior high school . Researchers decided to conduct this study to gaine

more knowledge about this study.

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal

Statement of the Problem

This reseach will assess the Disadvantage of self learning. Due to pandemic everything changed ,our

economy get worst specially the educational learning system to make sure that learning will continue

both public and private schools in the phlippines to change their learning system from the traditional face

to face set up to Distance learning its eiher Online, Modular or blended Learning.

General Problem: This study seeks to know what is the Disadvantages and effects of the self learning in Senior

High School students.

Specifically, it intended to answer the following questions:

 What are the Disadvantage of self learning in senior high school students?

 What are the effects of self learning on the level of performance of Senior High School students

1.1 Advancement profession

1.2 knowledge

 Is the students of Senior High School will gaine the complete knowledge?

 How self learning impacts academic achievements of students?

 Do students learn more from a self learning system or a actual learning system?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study entitled “The Advantage and Disadvantage of self Learning in Senior High School students”

both public and private school in Senior High School. The target levels for this study are Grade 11 and 12

students. All of the students in Senior High School especially the students who being affected by the self
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
learning will be also included in this study.This study will be concluded both private and public schools.

The scope of this study will circle both public and private schools that has a self learning system in

Senior High School students.

Assumption

The following assumptions are made regarding this study:

 This research, They think that self learning is easy. But, you will spend a lot of time here, there

are times when you will have difficulty but you can cope.

 The respondents will provide honest expressions of their knowledge.

 The study will assume that the students will help them to gaine knowledge about this study.Many

students say's that self learning is easier, Because you will teach yourself. Self learning is

difficult and it will not be easy at all.many students say's that they can do self learning but, not

everyone can handle it. they dont think that we have more difficulty in learning. that we are the

only one to guide ourselves sometimes we can't use google or any other apps that can help us.

there are also people who can't afford to spend for the internet so for others self learning is really

difficult.

Significance of the Study

This study Entitled “ The Advantage and Disadvantage of sled learning in Senior High School

students” Is being created to benefit the following:

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
Senior High School students both grade 11 and 12. The study will benefit the senior high school

students because they are the subject in this study and will lead and help them also to advice if there’s a

negative implication.

Teachers. This research will benefits the teachers for the pupose of have a knowledge about the study

and guide to give the students advice, they can make an advice after the results was concluded.

Parents. This reseach will benefits the parents for them to know what will they do if the students under

the self learning sytem.

Future Researchers. This study will benefits the future researchers for them to have references as

related studies or literature to their research.

Conceptual Framework

In this section, this will show the conceptual paradigm to present the figure of the study:

(INDEPENDENT VARIABLE) (DEPENDENT VARIABLE)

Disadvantage of self learning in All the students in senior high

senior high school students school both grade 11 and 12 who
experienced the self learning
system

Figure1. The Conceptual Framework for The disadvantage of self learning system to senior high school

students both grade 11 and 12.

The Figure shows the concept of this research entitled “ The Advantage and Disadvantage of self

learning in senior high school students”. The independent variable is the Disadvantage of self learning in
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
Senior high school students. The effects of self learning on the level of performance of the students . The

dependent variable of this reseach was the all the students in senior high school both grade 11 nad 12 who

experienced the self learning system.Is the students will gaine knowledge of the learning system.

Definition of Term

For a better understanting of this study, the following terms are defined in the context of this

reseach:

Advantage. It is a any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable to success, or

to any desired end.

Covid19. It is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. 'CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and

'D' for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.'

Disadvantage. It is an unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces the chances of success or

effectiveness.

Online. This refers to communications via a modem or network to a host system. The available or access of

data or information located within a database system.

Pandemic. A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,

crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The classical

definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology or disease severity.

Self learning. It is a process by which individuals take the initiative, with or without the assistance of

others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material

resources for learning, and evaluating learning outcomes

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
Student. a person who is studying at a school or college or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers

or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a

hard student.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents and discusses foreign and local literature and studies that are closely related

to the present studies. The information in this chapter was sought to support this study and lead the

reseachers in determining the factors that effect the senior high school students both public and private

school of the self learning sytem.

Local Literature

According to Bautista, M. A.. (2014). Adolescent Self-Learning Exercise (ASLE) and Self-

Perception of Crisis Intervention Center Residents

In an attempt to introduce a program that would enhance the level of selfperception of CIC residents

using ASLE as a tool, this study on Adolescent Self-Learning Exercise (ASLE) and Self-Perception of

Crisis Intervention Center (CIC) Residents was conducted. The instruments used were the Emotional

Self- Awareness Scale, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Self-Rating Scale (of Self- Acceptance). The

research design utilized single subject design, specifically the AB-AB design. Pre- and post-tests were

obtained to determine the differences in self-perceptions as a result of the ASLE program. The

participants of the study were 11 residents of CIC in Amas, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato, who were
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
victims of rape and other forms of sexual abuse. ASLE was used to determine their level of self-

perception on self-awareness, self-esteem and selfacceptance. The findings of the study show varying

results. Of the three areas of focus, participants showed a significant difference in their level of

perception on self-esteem compared with self-awareness and self-acceptance. The study seems to point

out that that the activities used in the conduct of ASLE that tackles on improving self-esteem were

effective and appropriate as they enhanced the participants’ level of self-esteem, while participants’ level

of self-awareness and self-acceptance remained in the average level

According to Bajet-paz, C. A. & Balallo, E. A.. (2015). “Age, Residence, Parents' Educational

Attainment and Exposure to Media Affect Students’ Learning Styles.”

Most students are unaware of their learning styles and emotional intelligence. Thus, it is important to

know one’s learning styles and emotional intelligence because they can be used to increase self-

awareness as to their strengths and weaknesses as learners. The study determined the learning styles and

emotional intelligence of the students in the College of Technology of University of Northern

Philippines, Philippines. The study utilized descriptive-correlational method of research. Results showed

that student respondents have an overall high level of learning style in all of its three dimensions: visual,

auditory, and kinesthetic. Also, they have an overall high level of emotional intelligence in all of its

dimensions. The overall level of learning styles of the respondents is significantly related with self-

motivation while visual learning style is significantly linked to self-regulation. Likewise, auditory

learning style is significantly related to self-awareness, self-motivation, social skills and the overall level

of emotional intelligence. Meanwhile, kinesthetic learning style is significantly related to social

awareness and self-motivation. The university should conduct an assessment of learning preferences of

the students to determine their strengths and weaknesses. Likewise, emotional intelligence tests should be

given to students to provide essential data on the attitudes of these students.

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal

Local studies

According to Ali-bangcola, A. . (2016). “ Kinesthetic Learning Style and Structured Approach to

Learning as Most Preferred by Nursing Students.”

The learning process has been the focus of numerous studies, but remains complex and affected by
many factors. Since hardly any attention has been paid to how students learn and how teachers teach in
many institutions, this quantitative descriptive-correlation study was conducted to determine the learning
styles and attitude towards learning of nursing students. A sample of 304 nursing students was selected
from all the nursing schools in Marawi City, Philippines using stratified proportionate random sampling
technique with replacement. Results revealed that the four learning styles (Visual, Auditory, Tactile, and
Kinesthetic) were found to have been used by the students simultaneously as major learning styles and
most of them expressing a preference for kinesthetic learning style (78%). On the other hand, they
expressed a minor and negligible preference for group Learning. Te results of the questionnaire on the
attitude towards learning revealed a high level of academic comfort and a preference towards structured,
spontaneous, and person-centered approaches to learning. Te study concludes that out of the six learning
styles tested; only group learning style is found to have no significant relationship with the participants’
attitude towards learning. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that faculty members should
take into consideration the differences among the students when designing the course material.

According to Ranalan, R. S.. (2011).” Learning Strategies and Literary Response: Negotiating

Meaning in the Literature Classroom”

Reading is one of the most important skills for acquiring knowledge. However, it is a disturbing fact

that students experience difficulties in this skill and thereby lose the pleasure of reading. The concept of

learning strategies applied in the classroom, which students use in comprehending a text s meaning, is

rooted in second language acquisition studies. Thus, the objective of this paper is to use such strategies in

a literature classroom to find the relationship between the learning strategies and literary response and to

measure the levels of use of the learning strategies and their literary response in order to determine
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
whether or not this response differs when analyzed according to sex, program and literature subject

enrolled. The findings assert that the use of learning strategy of the students is high with socio-affective

strategy as the most used. The respondents have a satisfactory literary response with the female students

having a higher literary response than the males. The results also show that the Education students have a

higher literary response than the Liberal Arts and ABA students. Moreover, those students taking an

advanced literature subject (Literature 2) have a higher literary response than those who are only on their

first literature subject (Literature 1). Statistical analysis shows that there is a high correlation between

learning strategies and literary response. The use of learning strategies in the literature classroom greatly

impacts the level of the response of the students to the reading materials offered in the literature

classroom.

Foreign Literature

According to Grimmer R. (2017) Self-Learning a Foreign Language Through Literature: “A

Case-Study of a Self-Learner’s Socialisation into Czech Through Czech Literature. In: Mickan P.,

Lopez E. (eds) Text-Based Research and Teaching. Palgrave Macmillan, London.”

Approaches to language teaching in institutionalised language learning settings have changed a lot over

the past 50 years (Martín 2005). Yet in all these approaches there is a tendency to teach grammar rules

and vocabulary units in isolation from real world examples of the target language (Mickan 2013). In

recent years the possibility of self-teaching a language has improved because of the Internet. There are

many language learning websites and apps, not to mention the large range of native content which can

be found online in a number of different languages. Despite the leap in technology, many of these apps

are still based on the grammar rule and vocabulary unit methods of language learning. Despite greater

access to resources in foreign languages, in general language learning approaches have not changed

much. The study presented in this chapter is a case study of a self-learner teaching herself the Czech

language using a text-based approach. Czech literature is used as the vehicle for acquisition of the
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
Czech language. Throughout the study the learner read texts, conversed with a native Czech speaker

and wrote micro stories using her newly gained knowledge in the language.

According to Changhe Li & Shengxiang Y. (2013) “A Self-Learning Particle Swarm Optimizer for

Global Optimization Problems.”

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been shown as an effective tool for solving global

optimization problems. So far, most PSO algorithms use a single learning pattern for all particles, which

means that all particles in a swarm use the same strategy. This monotonic learning pattern may cause the

lack of intelligence for a particular particle, which makes it unable to deal with different complex

situations. This paper presents a novel algorithm, called self-learning particle swarm optimizer (SLPSO),

for global optimization problems. In SLPSO, each particle has a set of four strategies to cope with

different situations in the search space. The cooperation of the four strategies is implemented by an

adaptive learning framework at the individual level, which can enable a particle to choose the optimal

strategy according to its own local fitness landscape. The experimental study on a set of 45 test functions

and two real-world problems show that SLPSO has a superior performance in comparison with several

other peer algorithms. Index Terms—Global optimization problem, operator adaptation, particle swarm

optimization (PSO), self-learning particle swarm optimizer (SLPSO), topology adaptation.

Foreign Studies

According to Derong L. & IEEE, Yi Z. (2005)“A Self-Learning Call Admission Control Scheme for

CDMA Cellular Networks”

In the present paper, a call admission control scheme that can learn from the network environment and

user behavior is developed for code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular networks that handle both

voice and data services. The idea is built upon a novel learning control architecture with only a single

module instead of two or three modules in adaptive critic designs (ACDs). The use of adaptive critic
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
approach for call admission control in wireless cellular networks is new. The call admission controller

can perform learning in real-time as well as in offline environments and the controller improves its

performance as it gains more experience. Another important contribution in the present work is the

choice of utility function for the present self-learning control approach which makes the present learning

process much more efficient than existing learning control methods. The performance of our algorithm

will be shown through computer simulation and compared with existing algorithms. Index Terms—

Adaptive critic designs (ACDs), approximate dynamic programming, call admission control, code

division multiple access (CDMA), cellular networks, neural dynamic programming, wireless networks.

According to Wu, J. (2014). “Effects of learning styles on self-directed foreign language

vocabulary learning.”

Vocabulary learning is an on-going and life-long process, which is greatly influenced by individual

differences. It has been noted that there is inefficient self-directed FL vocabulary learning of college

students in mainland China and non-individualized learning may be one of the major reasons. As one of

the most significant individual differences, a student’s learning style is supposed to largely determine

their selection of learning strategies and have an effect on learning outcomes. This paper focuses on

categorizing diversified vocabulary learning tasks which activate various vocabulary learning strategies,

and integrating them into a learning system along particular learning paths to cater for different learning

styles. The system is also tested in an empirical study for the purpose of checking the effects of these

learning paths.

Synthesis

The related literature and studies discussed above prove helpful to the researchers in determining and

analyzing the self learning system especially to all senior high school students both public and private
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
schools. This study associate to the proposed study of the researcher to other printed materials that

are preciously done, may either be magazine books or similar to the present studies.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, Subject of the study, locale of the study, sampling

designs, instrument of the study, procedure of the study and the statistical treatment.

Research Design

The researchers chose a survey research design because it best served to answer the questions

and the purposes of the study. The survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studied

by collecting and analyzing data from only a few people or items considered to be representative of the

entire group. In other words, only a part of the population is studied, and findings from this are expected

to be generalized to the entire population (Nworgu 1991:68). Similary, McBurney (1994:170) defines the

survey assessing public opinion or individual characteristics by the use of questionnaire and sampling

methods.

Subject of the study

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
This research entitiled “The Advantages and Disadvantages of self learning especially in Senior High

School students” students in senior high school both grade 11 and 12 will answer these online survey as

questionare to support this study that determine effect of self learning system to students. The online

survey support this research to obtain the answer of the respondents. With the help of the honest answer

of the repondents about learning system during the pandemic will help this research gaine more solution

to the negativity or problem. The subject of this study is the students in senior high school who

experienced the self learning system, because this research will focus on them.

Locale of the Study

The online survey will be distributed to respondent selected for this study. The respondents will be the

random five (5)to ten (10) of each school on nearby areas that has a senior high students have a self

learning or modular system of learning. The questionnaire will be more focused about the Senior High

School Students who experienced the self learning system during pandemic. This study encourage the

students in senior high school to help and gaine more solution to the negativity or problem of their

learning system.

Sampling Design

This study shall employ the use of Convenience sampling, it is the easiest method of sampling,

because participants are selected based on availability and willingness to take part. Usefull results can be

obtained, but the results are prone to significant bias, because those who voluunter to take part may be

different from those who choose not to (voluunter bias), and the sample may not be representative of

other characteristics, such as age or sex (PHAST 2020). Since the study is intended to ascertain the

implication of learning system to students, the research chose to do the research to the available

participants since the current situation nowdays.

 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal

Instrument of the study

This research entitled “The Advantages and Disadvantages of self learning especially in Senior

High School students” Is a quantitative research. The instrument that will be used in this study is

distributing online survey as questionaires to the five (5) to ten (10) random repondents in each school in

nearby areas to gather data and information. The questionnaire consists of the ten (10) questions that can

be answered by the multiple choices.

Procedure of the study

The first step was to prepare a sample checklist type of survey questionnaire.This study used

online surveys as questionaire to for interpret the students in senior high school.The questionaires were

created through Google forms. The researcher will be able to distribute the questionnaire. After all the

respondents finished answering the questionnaire, the researcher will collect the questionnaire to interact

and analyze the result and compute using the statistical tools .

Statistical Treatment

Statistical treatment plays a vital role in the research. This was the determiner of the level of

significance of valuable statistical measure and the basic for making references, interpretation,
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
conclusions or generalization. To work out on the data collected on determining the percentage

of the categories needed that are vital for the study. The researcher used the following:

1. Percentile Distribution

- Percentile Distribution was used to compute the percentage of respondents’ answers on

the survey conducted.

Where: P=f /n( 100)

f = frequency

n= total number of respondents

100= constant factor

2. Weighted Mean

- The researcher used weighted mean to process and interpret the gathered answers from

the questionnaire.

Where:

X́ = weighted mean

∑ ¿ sum of all quantities X́ =

∑ fx
N

fx=¿frequency
 MARITIME ACADEMY FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Arcade II Building, Club Manila East, San Juan, Taytay, Rizal
N = total number of respondents