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    Free Cutting Steels

    Uploaded by

    Ridvan Gecu
    The document discusses free cutting steels according to EN 10087 or old DIN 1651. It outlines expectations for good machinability including high cutting speed, good surface quality, long tool life, low cutting forces, and short chipform. It then discusses how machinability can be improved through microstructural actions like a ferritic and perlitic microstructure or cold worked microstructure, as well as compositional actions like increased sulfur and phosphorus. Finally, it provides a comparison chart of machinability for different steel compositions.

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    Free Cutting Steels

    Uploaded by

    Ridvan Gecu
    145 views6 pages
    The document discusses free cutting steels according to EN 10087 or old DIN 1651. It outlines expectations for good machinability including high cutting speed, good surface quality, long tool life, low cutting forces, and short chipform. It then discusses how machinability can be improved through microstructural actions like a ferritic and perlitic microstructure or cold worked microstructure, as well as compositional actions like increased sulfur and phosphorus. Finally, it provides a comparison chart of machinability for different steel compositions.

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    The document discusses free cutting steels according to EN 10087 or old DIN 1651. It outlines expectations for good machinability including high cutting speed, good surface quality, long tool life, low cutting forces, and short chipform. It then discusses how machinability can be improved through microstructural actions like a ferritic and perlitic microstructure or cold worked microstructure, as well as compositional actions like increased sulfur and phosphorus. Finally, it provides a comparison chart of machinability for different steel compositions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    145 views6 pages

    Free Cutting Steels

    Uploaded by

    Ridvan Gecu
    The document discusses free cutting steels according to EN 10087 or old DIN 1651. It outlines expectations for good machinability including high cutting speed, good surface quality, long tool life, low cutting forces, and short chipform. It then discusses how machinability can be improved through microstructural actions like a ferritic and perlitic microstructure or cold worked microstructure, as well as compositional actions like increased sulfur and phosphorus. Finally, it provides a comparison chart of machinability for different steel compositions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Free Cutting Steels

    according to EN 10087 or old DIN 1651

    Expectation:
    Good machinability
    • High cutting speed as workpiece
    • Good surface quality (after machining)
    • Long tool life
    • Low cutting forces
    • Short chipform

    Machinability: A Microstructure-Controlled Parameter


    • Carbon Level: High ferrit ratio  Low tool wear
    High chiplength
    High perlit ratio  High tool wear
    Short chip
    To improve Machinability
    Microstructural Actions:
    A Ferritic + Perlitic microstructure
    Preferred (Normal Microstructure)
    or better cold deformed microstructure
    +
    Coarse Grain Structure (in case of ferritic Steel)
    (Grain coarsening heat treatment)
    +
    Globalized Pearlitic Structure (in case of pearlitic steel)
    (Perlite globalization heat treatment)
    To improve Machinability
    Compositional Actions:
    Increased S - Sulphur (upto 0,3%) + P - Phosphore (upto 0,2%)

    S forms MnS in microstructure in 3 different form:


    Type 1- Uniform distributed, Globular Shaped high oxygen containg steel
    (rimmed steel)
    Type 2- Elongated low oxygen containg steel
    Type 3- Angular
    Tellurium addition promotes also Type 1 Sulpides!..

    +
    Lead addition
    occasionally also Bismuth (Bi), Selenium (Ce), Boron (B) Tellurium (Te)
    Comparison
    9SMnPbTe28

    9SMnPbBi28

    9SMnPb36

    9SMnPb28

    9SMnBi28

    9SMnB28

    9SMn36 (11SMn37)

    9SMn28

    9S20

    S235

    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

    Machinability [%]
    Rail Steels
    UIC 860

    Requests:
    Resistance to dynamic loading
    • Under wheel load,
    • During acceleration, deceleration (braking)
    Good wear resistance
    • Under rolling contact
    Guaranty against Fracture
    Weldability

    Related Material Properties:


    • High Strength, especially Endurance Limit
    • Resistance against fatigue wear (rolling contact)
    • Good strengtening behaviour
    • High deformability (for manufacturing)
    • High wear resistance  High Hardness
    • High fracture toughness
    Rail Steels
    Microstructural & Compositional Actions:

    100% Perlitic microstructure

    +
    Reduced lamellar distance within Pearlite Colony
    Fast cooling + Mn addition; also +Cr, +V

    Desired Mechanical Perfomance:

    Tensile Strength level : 700-1300 N/mm2

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