Me Act.

Engineering Utilities
Activity No. 1
Submitted by:
Lacno, Jeremiah B.
BSCE-3B
Submitted to:
Engr. Glen Grana
Engineering Utilities
Activity No. 1
1. Distinguish between heat and temperature?
Ans: Heat discribes the transfer of thermal energy between molecules within a system and is measured
in joules. Heat measures how energy moves or flows. An object can gain heat or lose heat, but it cannot
have heat. Heat is measure of change, never a property possessed by an object or system. While,
Temperature describes the average kinetic energy of molecules within a material or system and is
measured in Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, or Rankine. It is measurable physical property of an object.
2. Define the properties of:
a) Density- is a measure of how heavy an object is for a given size, i.e. the mass of material per unit
volume. Changes in temperature do not significantly affect the density of a material, although materials
do expand when they are heated, the change in size is very small
b) Specific heat - is a term that indicates the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a
substance by one degree Celsius. It is a thermodynamic property of the substance. In SI specifications,
we recognize specific heat through symbol 'c' and the unit is Joule per Kelvin.
c) Specific heat capacity - is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1
kilogram of a substance by 1 kelvin (SI unit of specific heat capacity J kg−1 K−1).
3. Distinguish between sensible heat and latent heat?
Ans: Latent and sensible heat are types of energy released or absorbed in the atmosphere. Latent heat
is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids. Sensible heat is related to changes in
temperature of a gas or object with no change in phase.
4. What effect does humidity have on the comfort of the body?
Ans: For the body to remain comfortable, the total amount of heat generated inside the body should be
released to the surroundings, this is called body comfort. The body comfort is achieved at certain values
of temperature, relative humidity and flow rate of air inside the room. Though the body itself needs a
certain amount of heat to maintain its temperature, it usually produces more heat than it requires. This
is the reason the person tends to feel uncomfortable.
The body gives up its heat by three natural processes, namely convection, radiation and evaporatiot.
Factors affecting Body Comfort.

Relative humidity of air: Relative humidity is the content of the dew or moisture in the air. If the dew is
too low the body becomes very dry, and if it is very high the body becomes wet as the moisture given up
by the body will not get evaporated. ASHVE found that the human body feels comfortable within the
relative humidity value of 35 to 65%.
Velocity of air in the surroundings or inside the room: The velocity of air inside a room should be high
enough for the person to feel comfortable and at the same time it should be within limits to avoid
excessive noise from an air conditioning unit.
5. What is meant by effective temperature in relation to comfort?
Ans: effective temperature as an arbitrary, experimentally determined index used to rate the various
combinations of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, radiant conditions, and air movement that
create the same thermal sensation. ET of a specific space may be defined as the dry bulb temperature of
an environment at 50% relative humidity and a specific uniform radiation condition; heat exchange of
the environment is based upon 0.6 clo, still air (40 fpm or less), 1 hr exposure time, and sedentary
activity level (about 1 met). It is a reliable indicator of comfort with the thermal environment. For
example, a space having an ET of 68°F (20°C) will induce a temperature sensation equivalent to a
condition described by 68°F (20°C) at 50% relative humidity in nearly still air and at a metabolic rate of 1
met.3
6. What is meant by operative temperature in relation to comfort?
Ans: Operative temperature (previously known as resultant temperature or dry resultant temperature,
but renamed to align with ASHRAE and ISO standards) is a simplified measure of human thermal comfort
derived from air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air speed. It can be useful in assessing the
likely thermal comfort of the occupants of a building. Actual thermal comfort is dependent on
environmental factors, such as air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and the uniformity of
conditions, as well as personal factors such as clothing, metabolic heat, acclimatisation, state of health,
expectations, and even access to food and drink.

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Engineering Utilities

1. Distinguish between heat and temperature?

2. Define the properties of:

3. Distinguish between sensible heat and latent heat?

4. What effect does humidity have on the comfort of the body?

Factors affecting Body Comfort.

5. What is meant by effective temperature in relation to comfort?

6. What is meant by operative temperature in relation to comfort?

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