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ECE330 Final Exam Sample FormulaSheet

The document provides key formulas and concepts related to electrical machines: 1) It defines formulas for Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL), Kirchhoff's current law (KCL), power factor, mechanical torque, mechanical speed, and efficiency for synchronous machines. 2) It also provides the approximate and exact equivalent circuits for induction machines, formulas for output power, efficiency, and maximum torque. 3) Formulas are also given for DC machines, including torque, induced voltage, voltage equation, and efficiency.

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Nguyễn Tài
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176 views2 pages

ECE330 Final Exam Sample FormulaSheet

The document provides key formulas and concepts related to electrical machines: 1) It defines formulas for Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL), Kirchhoff's current law (KCL), power factor, mechanical torque, mechanical speed, and efficiency for synchronous machines. 2) It also provides the approximate and exact equivalent circuits for induction machines, formulas for output power, efficiency, and maximum torque. 3) Formulas are also given for DC machines, including torque, induced voltage, voltage equation, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Tài
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula sheet

KVL: The algebraic sum of all voltages along a closed loop is zero.
KCL: The algebraic sum of all currents at any node is zero.
Power factor = cosine of the angle between the current phasor and the voltage phasor = ratio between
real power and apparent power
Pm
Mechanical torque: Tm = ;
ωm
2πn
Mechanical speed: ωm = (rotor speed, rad/s); n is the mechanical speed, measured in rpm;
60
Pout
Efficiency: η = ;
Pin
Synchronous machine:
jxs
PT Pm
Generator Operation
Elec Mech
Va Ear . .
3Va E ar sin (δ )
PT =
xs

There are losses due to friction, windage, and magnetizing.


MI r
Induced voltage: E ar = ωs
2
Induction machine:
Torque (p.u.)

Speed: n = ns (1 − s )
Approximate equivalent circuit (reffered to stator)
Ia Ra jXeq I r′
X eq = xls + xlr′ Full-load
R r′
Vap Rc jXm
s No-load
Slip

Exact equivalent circuit (referred to stator)


Ra jxls jx’lr

Ia I r′ R r′
Vap Rc jXm
s

ns − n 60 f
s= ; ns = (p = number of pole pairs);
ns p
1− s
Developed mechanical power: Pm = 3Rr′ (I r′ )2 = (1 − s )Pag
s

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Formula sheet (continued)
Output power: Pout = Pm − Prot or Pout = Pm − (Prot + Pi )

Efficiency:
Pout Pout
η= × 100% = × 100%
Pout + losses Pout + Pscl + Pi + Pr + Prot
Pscl: stator copper losses; Pi: iron losses; Pr: rotor copper losses; Prot: rotational losses

Thevenin impedance: Zth = Rth + jX th


Rr′ Rr′
Slip at maximum torque: smT = or smT =
R + ( xls + xlr′ ) R + ( X th + xlr′ )
2 2 2 2
a th

p 3Va2 p 3Vth2
Maximum torque: T e
= or Te
=
max
ωs 2 R + R 2 + (x + x′ )2  max
ωs 2 R + R 2 + ( X + x′ )2 
  a a ls lr    th 
th th lr  
where ωs = 2πf (stator frequency, rad/s)

DC machine: + vf _ Ra
Pm
Torque: T e = GI f I a = if +
ωm ia
Induced voltage (also, back EMF): Ea = GI f ωm Gωmif
va
Rf _
Voltage equation:
Motor Operation
Va = Ea ± RaΣ I a
“+” for motor, and “–” for generator
Under no-load condition, there are losses due to friction, windage, and magnetizing.
Pm = Tmω m = Ea I a ;
Pout = Pshaft = Pm − Prot or Pout = Pshaft = Pm − (Prot + Pi )
Pout
Efficiency: η = ;
Pin
N 2i λ
l Ni
Wm = ∫ i (λ ′, x )dλ ′ Wm′ = ∫ λ (i′, x )di′
i
R= Φ= λ = NΦ = Wm′ = λi − Wm
µ r µ0 A R R 0 0

∂Wm ∂Wm′ ∂Wm ∂Wm′ µ0 = 4π × 10−7 H / m


fe =− = Te = − =
∂x ∂x ∂θ ∂θ

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