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    Lictaoa Vizon Exercise9.2

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    Raging Potato
    The document compares various numerical integration methods for approximating the integral of 1/x from 1 to 2 and the integral of xexp(-x^2) from 0 to 1. For the first integral, Trapezoidal Rule had the highest error of 8.2%, while Five-Point Quadrature Rule had the lowest error of 0.015%. For the second integral, Trapezoidal Rule again had the highest error of 41.8% while Simpson's 1/3 Rule reduced the error to 1.6%.

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    Lictaoa Vizon Exercise9.2

    Uploaded by

    Raging Potato
    18 views10 pages
    The document compares various numerical integration methods for approximating the integral of 1/x from 1 to 2 and the integral of xexp(-x^2) from 0 to 1. For the first integral, Trapezoidal Rule had the highest error of 8.2%, while Five-Point Quadrature Rule had the lowest error of 0.015%. For the second integral, Trapezoidal Rule again had the highest error of 41.8% while Simpson's 1/3 Rule reduced the error to 1.6%.

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    Lictaoa_Vizon_Exercise9.2

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    The document compares various numerical integration methods for approximating the integral of 1/x from 1 to 2 and the integral of xexp(-x^2) from 0 to 1. For the first integral, Trapezoidal Rule had the highest error of 8.2%, while Five-Point Quadrature Rule had the lowest error of 0.015%. For the second integral, Trapezoidal Rule again had the highest error of 41.8% while Simpson's 1/3 Rule reduced the error to 1.6%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    18 views10 pages

    Lictaoa Vizon Exercise9.2

    Uploaded by

    Raging Potato
    The document compares various numerical integration methods for approximating the integral of 1/x from 1 to 2 and the integral of xexp(-x^2) from 0 to 1. For the first integral, Trapezoidal Rule had the highest error of 8.2%, while Five-Point Quadrature Rule had the lowest error of 0.015%. For the second integral, Trapezoidal Rule again had the highest error of 41.8% while Simpson's 1/3 Rule reduced the error to 1.6%.

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    You are on page 1of 10

    Number 1

    Trapezoidal Rule
    𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
    𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Trapezoidal Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /2[𝑓
    (𝑥_0 )+𝑓(𝑥_1)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=𝑥_1−𝑥_0

    x f(x) = 1/x h=2-1=1


    Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000
    Upper lim, x1 2 0.50000

    Approximating,

    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 1/2[1.00000+0.50000)]

    J = 0.75000 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.75000)/0.69315|∗100

    % abs error = 8.20169 %


    Simpson's 1/3 Rule
    𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
    𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Simpson's 1/3 Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )
    +4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+𝑓(𝑥_2)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_2−𝑥_0)/2
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0

    x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/2 = 0.5


    Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5
    New ref val, x1 1.5 0.66667
    Upper lim, x2 2 0.50000

    Approximating,
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
    𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.5/3[1.00000+4(0.66667)+0.50000]

    J = 0.69444 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69444)/0.69315|∗100

    % abs error = 0.18675 %


    Simpson's 3/8 Rule
    𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
    𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Simpson's 3/8 Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3ℎ/8[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+3𝑓(𝑥_1 )
    +3𝑓(𝑥_2 )+𝑓(𝑥_3)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_3−𝑥_0)/3
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_1

    x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/3 = 0.33333


    Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.33333+1 = 1.33333
    New ref val, x1 1.33333 0.75000 x2 = 0.33333+1.33333 = 1.66666
    New ref val, x2 1.66666 0.60000
    Upper lim, x2 2 0.50000

    Approximating,
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
    𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3(0.33333)/8[1.0000+3(0.75000)+3(0.60000)+0.50000]

    J = 0.69374 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69374)/0.69315|∗100

    % abs error = 0.08556 %


    Five-Point Quadrature Rule
    𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
    𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Five-Point Quadrature Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+2𝑓(𝑥_2 )
    +4𝑓(𝑥_3 )+𝑓(𝑥_4)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_4−𝑥_0)/4
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_(1 );𝑥_3=ℎ+𝑥_(2 );𝑥_4=ℎ+𝑥_3

    x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/4 = 0.25000


    Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.25000+1 = 1.25000
    New ref val, x1 1.25000 0.80000 x2 = 0.25000+1.25000 = 1.50000
    New ref val, x2 1.50000 0.66667 x3 = 0.25000+1.50000 = 1.75000
    New ref val, x3 1.75000 0.57143
    Upper lim, x4 2 0.50000

    Approximating,
    +0.50000] 𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
    𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.25000/3[1.00000+4(0.80000)+2(0.66667)+4(0.57143)+0.50000]

    J = 0.69325 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69325)/0.69315|∗100

    % abs error = 0.01500 %


    Summary of Results
    Method True Value Approx. Value % abs error
    Trapezoidal Rule 0.75000 8.20169
    Simpson's 1/3 Rule 0.69444 0.18675
    0.69315
    Simpson's 3/8 Rule 0.69374 0.08556
    Quadrature Rule 0.69325 0.01500

    2𝑓(𝑥_2 )

    57143)+0.50000]
    Number 2
    Trapezoidal Rule
    𝐽=∫25_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
    𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Trapezoidal Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /2[𝑓
    (𝑥_0 )+𝑓(𝑥_1)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=𝑥_1−𝑥_0

    x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h=1-0=1


    Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000
    Upper lim, x1 1 0.36788

    Approximating, % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100


    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.32091)/0.31606|∗
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖 𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (-𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 1/2[0.00000+0.36788]

    J = 0.18394 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.18394)/0.31606|∗100

    % abs error = 41.80228 %


    Simpson's 1/3 Rule
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
    𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Simpson's 1/3 Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )
    +4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+𝑓(𝑥_2)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_2−𝑥_0)/2
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0

    x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/2 = 0.5


    Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.5 + 0 = 0.5
    New ref val, x1 0.5 0.38940
    Upper lim, x2 1 0.36788

    Approximating,
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.5/3[0.00000+4(0.38940)+
    0.36788]

    J = 0.32091 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.32091)/0.31606|∗100 % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31813)/0.31606

    % abs error = 1.53563 %


    Simpson's 3/8 Rule
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
    𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Simpson's 3/8 Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3ℎ/8[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+3𝑓(𝑥_1 )
    +3𝑓(𝑥_2 )+𝑓(𝑥_3)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_3−𝑥_0)/3
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_1

    x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/3 = 0.33333


    Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.33333+0 = 0.33333
    New ref val, x1 0.33333 0.29828 x2 = 0.33333+0.33333 = 0.66666
    New ref val, x2 0.66666 0.42745
    Upper lim, x2 1 0.36788

    Approximating,
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3(0.33333)/8[0.0000+3(0.29828)+3(0.42745)
    +0.36788]

    J = 0.31813 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31813)/0.31606|∗100 % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31609

    % abs error = 0.65516 %


    Five-Point Quadrature Rule
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    Solving True Value,
    𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
    𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
    𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
    𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

    Using Five-Point Quadrature Rule,


    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+2𝑓(𝑥_2 )
    +4𝑓(𝑥_3 )+𝑓(𝑥_4)]
    Subinterval,
    ℎ=(𝑥_4−𝑥_0)/4
    New reference point,
    𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_(1 );𝑥_3=ℎ+𝑥_(2 );𝑥_4=ℎ+𝑥_3

    x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/4 = 0.25000


    Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.25000+0= 0.25000
    New ref val, x1 0.25000 0.23485 x2 = 0.25000+0.25000 = 0.50000
    New ref val, x2 0.50000 0.38940 x3 = 0.25000+0.50000 = 0.75000
    New ref val, x3 0.75000 0.42734
    Upper lim, x4 1 0.36788

    Approximating,
    𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.25000/3[0.00000+4(0.23485)+2(0.38940)+4(0.42734)+0.36
    788]

    J = 0.31629 units

    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
    % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31609)/0.31606|∗100

    % abs error = 0.07176 %


    Summary of Results
    Method True Value Approx. Value % abs error
    Trapezoidal Rule 0.18394 41.80228
    Simpson's 1/3 Rule 0.32091 1.53563
    0.31606
    Simpson's 3/8 Rule 0.31813 0.65516
    Quadrature Rule 0.31629 0.07176

    2734)+0.36

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