7

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Asexual and Sexual
Reproduction
Science– Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marites E. Gando, Cherilyn M. Aguinillo

Content Editors: Imaculate T. Latorre, Jose Roy S. Aguilar, Ma. Claudette C. Borrega,

Language Editors: Anabel B. Tendenilla, Imee S. Gabion

Layout Artist: Marites E. Gando, Cherilyn M. Aguinillo

Reviewers: Agnes B. Barsaga, Jose Roy Aguilar, Nerisa I. Baldo, Eva Joy A.
Molina, Jose A. Austero, Marisol U. Valeza, Mary May L. Arnesto,
Mark Miko S. Mendoza and John Sherwin V. Santelices
Evaluators: Helen Z. Cornelio, Jocelyn P. Navera, Jezrahel T. Omadto
and Ronaldo C. Reyes
 Self-Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

LESSON
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
The beginning of a new life is a remarkable event. The sight of a chick
making its way out of the cracked shell or a germinating seed slowly
pushing through the soil can leave one fascinated. Their ability to
reproduce their own is essential for the continuation and survival of
species. This characteristic of an organism to produce new individuals is
called reproduction.

In this module, you will further understand the

different methods of reproduction in plants, animals, and
microorganisms. Are you excited to learn more about the
topic? Read and perform the activities in this module.

Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of:

1. number of individuals involved;
2. similarities of offspring to parents
(S7LT-IIg-7)

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Define sexual and asexual reproduction.

• Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of the
numbers of individuals involved and similarities of offspring to parents.
• Cite examples of asexual and sexual reproductions in plants, animals and
microorganisms.
• Identify the type of reproduction shown by some organisms.

TEST A
Directions: Read the following sentences
carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements best describes sexual reproduction?

A. It does not involve gametes. B. It involves body cells.
C. It requires two parents. D. It does not involve the union of gametes

2. A group of students is studying the types of reproduction. They have produced

the following examples:

I. Bread mold reproduces by spore formation.

. II. Yeast reproduces by budding.
III. Cats reproduce by fertilization.
IV. Flowering plants reproduce by pollination.

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 Which of the following is true about the group’s findings?
A. I and IV are examples of sexual reproduction.
B. III and IV are examples of sexual reproduction.
C. I, II, and III are examples of asexual reproduction.
D. I, II, III and IV are examples of asexual reproduction.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about asexual reproduction and sexual
reproduction?
I. Asexual reproduction forms new individuals without involving sex
cells.
II. Sexual reproduction forms new individuals using body parts.

A. both I and II B. neither I nor II

C.I only but not II D. II only but not I

4. Which of the following organisms reproduced by regeneration?

A. Starfish C. Lizard
B. Lobster D. Hydra

5. Which of the following organisms reproduces sexually?

A. Carabao grass B. Gabi
C. Katakataka D. Gumamela

TEST B
Directions: Write A if the organism reproduce through asexual reproduction and S if through
sexual reproduction.
1. _________ 2. _________

plantlets

Starfish Plantlets grow around the leaf

Source: Molnar, Charles and Gair, Jane. 24.1 margins of the Kalanchoe
Reproduction Methods. Concepts of Biology – Source: Science 7 OHSP Learner’s Material
1st Canadian Edition
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/24-1-
reproduction-methods

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3. _________ 4. _________

A male and a female cat Flowering squash

Photo courtesy: Angelica Mae D. Aguinillo
Photo courtesy: Andrew O. Aguinillo

5. _________
Bud Mother cell

Budding yeast
Source: Masur (January 2010). Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in DIC Microscopy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section and
see how good you did it. Don’t worry if you got a low score,
this just means that there are more things that you can learn
from this module. So, hop on!

Now, let us work on sexual and asexual

reproduction by answering the activity below.

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 SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A. Identify three (3) examples of plants, animals/organisms that produces sexually.

_________________________________________________________________
B. Give three (3) examples of plants, animals /organisms that produces asexually.
_________________________________________________________________
Questions:
1. Based from the examples you had given, how many parents are involved in sexual and
asexual reproduction? _______________________________________________________

2. What is sexual and asexual reproduction? ___________________________________

Directions: Study and analyze the picture in the first column and
complete the table below. Answer the guide questions that follow
completing the table.

Table 1: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Type of
Pictures of Reproduction in Description Sexual or
Reproduction
Organisms Asexual
(Describe the
(Select from the
process of
following: budding,
reproduction of each
binary fission,
organism using your
regeneration, spore
own words)
formation,
fertilization,
conjugation and
vegetative
propagation)

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Guide questions:
1. Based on the given pictures, how will you identify if the organism reproduces sexually
or asexually?
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is sexual and asexual reproduction?

___________________________________________________________________

3. Give examples of sexual and asexual reproduction in plants, animals and

microorganisms.
___________________________________________________________________

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 Organisms must reproduce to continue their own kind. There are two
major modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction does not require the union of sex cells and gives
rise to offspring that are idtical to the parent. Sexual reproduction
requires the union of sex or reproductive cells and gives rise to offsprings that are a
combination of the traits from their parents.
Modes of asexual reproduction include binary fission, budding, spore formation,
regeneration and vegetative propagation. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are
genetically identical to the parent because the offsprings are all clones of the original parent.
This type of reproduction occurs in prokaryotic microorganisms (bacteria) and some
eukaryotic single-celled and multi-celled organisms. Individuals that reproduced through
sexual reproduction need two parents, a male and a female, that produce egg cell and sperm
cell. The examples are fertilization and conjugation.

Below is a concept map about reproduction. Complete the missing

data.

Reproduction

___________ involves the union of sex __________ _________________

cells ____

_________ ___________ ___________ ____________

spore ___________ ____________
formation

After learning the concept of sexual and asexual

reproduction, let us look at their differences. Try the
activity below.

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 SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION COMPARISON
Directions: Observe the pictures below and answer the following
questions:

1. What does the picture

represents?

2. Observe the physical features of

the child. From whom did the child
inherit his complexion/skin color?
How about the pointedness of his
nose?

3. Why did the child inherit traits

from his mother and father?

4. What type of reproduction do

humans represent?

Family picture
Photo courtesy: Andrew O. Aguinillo

5. How do you grow this plant?

6. If you planted ginger with yellow

rhizome, will it also produce yellow
ones? Why is that so?

7. How many parents are involved in

its reproduction?

8. What type of reproduction does

this plant represent?

Ginger rhizome
Source: Asexual Reproduction 2019, Jane B. Bolano

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 Good job in finishing the activity! Now, take time to process the
information you acquired by accomplishing the next task.

Directions: Choose from the options below to complete Table 1.

one parent gametes absent

two parents body cells present

absent genetically identical with parents

present genetically different with parents

Table 1. Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Criteria Sexual Reproduction

Type of cell involved
Number of parent involved
Gamete formation
Union of gametes
Characteristics of offsprings

In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved, one individual

makes a duplicate of itself, generally by some form of splitting such as
the binary fission seen in some simple organisms like amoeba and
yeast. The offsprings are genetically the same as their parents and
shows no variation. In other words, the offsprings are identical or clone of their parents.
Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Each parent contributes a gamete or a sex
cell, in males, the gametes are sperm and in females, the gametes are eggs.
When these two gametes combine during fertilization, the result is a zygote, which then
continues to develop into an embryo. The offsprings are never exactly like any one of the
parents, but a combination of its characteristics. They inherit traits from both parents, though
some of them may not manifest in the offspring.

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 Fertilization

Overview of the process of sexual reproduction

Image credit: PMG Biology (July 17, 2019). Chromosomes and Sex: Grade 9 Understanding for IGCSE Biology 3.26 3.27.
https://pmgbiology.com/tag/fertilisation/

Comparing sexual vs. asexual reproduction

Sexual Asexual
Requires 2 parents Requires 1 parent
Sperm fertilizes egg Single organism makes an exact copy of itself
Used by animals, flowering plants, some Bacteria, some plants and fungi, few animals
fungi (sponges)
Offsprings are different from parents Offsprings are identical to parent
Provides genetic variation, but time- Fast and easy, but no genetic variation
consuming

Flowering plants can also reproduce asexually using its parts, such as stems, roots
and leaves. The most common example of this is planting a rose using its stem cuttings.
Common mistakes and misconceptions
Sexual reproduction is not necessarily "better" than asexual reproduction, or vice
versa. If one type of reproduction was clearly advantageous over the other, we would see all
organisms reproducing in that manner. However, both types of reproduction still exist in
various organisms, telling us that each type of reproduction carries evolutionary advantage.

For example, sexual reproduction allows for variation, but gestation usually takes a
long time and it requires heavy parental input. Asexual reproduction occurs quickly, but
because all the offsprings have the same genetic information, disease may affect all
individuals in a population. Bacteria, such as E. coli, reproduce asexually. An advantage of
this is that they can produce many bacteria very quickly. A disadvantage is that all the bacteria
are genetically identical. If an antibiotic was used on the bacteria, then all of them would die.
The population would be wiped out.

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 Budding and fragmentation are not the same thing. Although they do appear similar,
in fragmentation, the parent body breaks into distinct fragments and each fragment develops
into a new individual or offspring. In budding, there must be an outgrowth (bud) that develops
on the parent. Bacteria, yeast, corals, flatworms, jellyfish and sea anemones are some animal
species which reproduce through budding. Fragmentation, also known as a splitting method
of reproduction and is seen in many organisms such as cyanobacteria, fungi, many plants,
and also in animals including flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
Some organisms are able to do both sexual and asexual reproduction. This is
particularly true for fungi and plants, often, the type of reproduction that they undergo depends
on their environmental conditions or the point in their growth cycles. Aphids, slime molds, sea
anemones, and some species of starfish are examples of animal species with this ability.
When environmental factors are favorable, asexual reproduction is employed to exploit
suitable conditions for survival, such as an abundant food supply, adequate shelter, favorable
climate, disease, optimum pH, or a proper mix of other lifestyle requirements. Populations of
these organisms increase exponentially via asexual reproductive strategies to take full
advantage of the rich supply resources. When food sources have been depleted, the climate
becomes hostile, or individual survival is threatened by some other adverse change in living
conditions, these organisms switch to sexual forms of reproduction.

Although sexual reproduction requires two parents, they do not always have to be two
separate individuals. This may sound confusing, but some organisms are hermaphroditic,
meaning they contain both male and female gametes. In this instance, those organisms are
able to self-fertilize.

Even though these gametes come from the same individual, we still consider this
sexual reproduction, as two gametes are involved. Most flowering plants, or angiosperms—
called monoecious, or bisexual and invertebrates—such as worms, bryozoans (moss
animals), trematodes (flukes), snails, slugs, and barnacles are hermaphroditic organisms that
manifest this.

Directions: Construct a Venn diagram showing the similarities and

differences of asexual and sexual reproduction. Write each word or
set of words on either asexual or sexual reproduction area.

one parent gametes union of gametes no gamete formation

two parents body cells produce offspring no union of gametes

provides genetic variation, but offsprings are genetically identical with parents
time consuming
offsprings are genetically different with parents

fast and easy, but no genetic variation

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 Congratulations, you have finished this module!
Please check your answers by referring to the
answer key. If you scored lower than 10, please go over
the earlier parts of this module and take on the activities
once again. If you scored 10 or above, please proceed
with the succeeding activity.

To strengthen what you have learned in this module, perform the

following additional tasks.
1. Below are some animals and plants that can be found in our
community, classify their methods of reproduction as sexual or
asexual.
__________ A. pig
__________ B. carabao
__________ C. bitter gourd (ampalaya)
__________ D. sweet potato (kamote)
__________ E. onion

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 2. A friend has a houseplant that you admire. She offers to give you one and you can
have either a cutting that will root itself, or a handful of seeds. Which would you
choose? Why?
3. Watch this video about asexual and sexual reproduction. (optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcGDUcGjcyk

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Asexual reproduction - a reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in
which single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Sexual reproduction - a reproduction in which gametes from two (2) parents unite. It requires
the union of sperm and egg cells.

Binary fission - the process by which a single bacterium divides in half, producing two
identical offspring.

Budding - a type of asexual reproduction that produces a miniature version of the adult (bud).

Conjugation - a type of sexual reproduction where the content of one cell is transferred to
another cell to form a zygote by forming a bridge between two cells

Fertilization- a type of sexual reproduction where the male and female gametes form a
zygote.

Gamete -Sex cell (in males: sperm; in females: eggs)

Gestation-The process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and
birth

Monoecious- (of a plant or invertebrate animal) Having both male and female reproductive
organs in the same individual; hermaphrodite

Regeneration - a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism has the ability to regrow
lost body parts.

Reproduction – the process of producing offspring

Spore formation- a type of reproduction that involves the formation of spores that gives rise
to a new organism. Common among molds and fungi.

Variation-Difference between traits in individuals of the same species

Vegetative Propagation - a kind of asexual reproduction where a new individual, known as

the offspring, is produced from a single parent

Zygote-Cell formed during the fusion of two gametes

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 I. Directions: Read the following sentences carefully. Choose the
letter of the correct answer.

1. How many parents does asexual reproduction involve?

A. One B. Two
C. Three D. Four

2. The offspring from asexually reproduced organisms are

A. Different from their parents
B. Like a combination from both parents.
C. Identical to parents.
D. A different species.

3. Which of the following statement is TRUE about modes of reproduction?

I. Asexual reproduction forms new individuals without involving sex cells.

II. Sexual reproduction forms new individuals using body parts.

A. both I and II B. neither I nor II

C.I only but not II D. II only but not I

4. Fission, budding, regeneration are all types of _______ reproduction

A. Sexual B. Asexual
C. Sporous D. Diverse

5. Which of the following organisms reproduces sexually?

A. Gumamela B. Katakataka
C. Gabi D. Carabao grass

II. Directions: True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Write false if
the statement is incorrect. Write your answer before each item.
____________1. Asexual reproduction needs one parent and sexual reproduction needs two
parents.
____________2. Sexual reproduction requires the union of gametes and asexual reproduction
does not.
____________3. Genetically different offsprings are produced from asexual and sexual
reproduction.
____________4. Body cells are needed in asexual reproduction and gametes are needed in
sexual reproduction.
____________5. Wide variety of offsprings are produced in asexual reproduction than in
sexual reproduction.

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 Congratulations on finishing the supplementary
learning module! You have just had an amazing learning
journey, and for sure, you will have the same in the
succeeding modules.
However, let us see if you passed the test. You are
Excellent If your score is 10/10, Very good, if you got 8-9/10,
Good, if your score is 6-7 and poor if you got 5 and below.
So, if you got a score of 5 and below, you need to read
and answer the activities again, then recheck your answer
and if you failed again, repeat the same procedure.
Remember that honesty is the best policy.

This time, share to the class your final insights by

completing the following sentence prompts.
,
TRY THIS
Test A. 1. C 2.B 3.C 4. A 5.D
Test B 1. A 2. A 3. S 4. S 5. A
DO THIS
A. Answers may vary. (Examples: dog, cat, gumamela etc)
B. Answers may vary. (Examples: pineapple, bamboo, sea stars etc )

1. Based on the examples given, only one parent is involved in asexual, and two parents for
sexual reproduction.

2. Sexual reproduction is a reproduction in which gametes from two (2) parents unite. Asexual
reproduction is a reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which single
parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

EXPLORE (Table 1)

Pictures of Reproduction Sexual or Type of

Description
Process of Organisms Asexual Reproduction

Two cells unite to produce

new individual (two cells; Sexual Fertilization
egg and sperm cell)

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Occurs in microorganisms Sexual Conjugation
such as bacteria wherein
one bacterium transfers
genetic material through
another through direct
contact. One bacterium
serves as a donor and the
other serves as a recipient.

One organism (bacterial Asexual Binary Fission

cell) splits into two and
forms new individual

A new individual develops

from a part of a parent Asexual Budding
plant such as hydra

Develop new organisms by Asexual Spore Formation

spreading its spores such
as mold

One body part of an Asexual Regeneration

organism develop and
regrow the lost body part

Develop new individual Asexual Vegetative

from the parent strawberry Propagation
plant when the runner
touches the soil

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Apply What You Have Learned

Reproduction

Does not require the

Involves the union of sex
Sexual _Asexual union of sex cells

Fertilization Conjugation Binary Fission Regeneration

spore Vegetative
budding
formation propagation

DO THIS

1. The picture represents a family consisting of a father, mother and a child.

2. The child inherits his complexion/skin color from his mother and the pointedness of his
nose from his father.
3. The child inherit traits from his mother and father because each of his parents has 2
copies of each of their genes and each parent passes along just one copy to make up
the genes of the child have. Genes that are passed onto the child determine many of
his traits.
4. The couple in the picture represents sexual reproduction.
5. Ginger can be grown using its rhizome.
6. Yes, because no union of gametes happened, therefore, it will produce offspring that
is identical with the parent.
7. One parent is involved in its reproduction.
8. It represents asexual reproduction.

EXPLORE

Asexual Reproduction Criteria Sexual Reproduction

body cells Type of cell involved gametes
one parent Number of parent involved two parents
Absent Gamete formation present
Absent Union of gametes present
genetically identical with Characteristics of offsprings genetically different with
parents parents

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APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

REINFORCEMENT
1. A. sexual
B. sexual
C. sexual
D. asexual
E. asexual

2. Possible answers

• I’ll choose stem cuttings because many plants can be grown in a single parent in lesser
time and it is one of the easiest ways in propagating it.

• I’ll choose seeds so I can observe the growth and development of the plant.

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Part I. 1. A 2.C 3. C 4. B 5. A
Part II. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

A starfish growing back his arms, Pinterest, accessed June 29, 2020
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/491807221784139211/?autologin=true

Amoeba sisters. “Asexual and Sexual Reproduction”. July 20, 2017. Video, 5:09.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcGDUcGjcyk

Asuncion, Alvie J. et al. 2017. Science- Grade 7 Learner’s Material First Edition.
Pasig City: Department of Education

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Bitesize. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction”, July 6,
2020, https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqv6gdm/revision/5

Bolano, Alvie B. Science 7 OHSP Learner’s Material, Asexual Reproduction 2019

APEX Life Reproduction

BYJU’S The Learning App. “Modes of Reproduction” https://byjus.com/biology/reproduction-

modes/

BYJU’S The Learning App. “Fragmentation”, accessed July 6, 2020,

https://byjus.com/biology/fragmentation/
Encyclopaedia Britanica. “Hermaphroditism”, accessed June 29, 2020
https://www.britannica.com/science/hermaphroditism
Khan Academy. “Types of Reproduction Review (ARTICLE)”, accessed June 29, 2020
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-reproduction-and-cell-
division/hs-types-of-reproduction/a/hs-types-of-reproduction-review

Molnar, Charles and Gair, Jane. 24.1 Reproduction Methods. Concepts of Biology 1 st
Canadian Edition https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/24-1-reproduction-methods

Nesaab “ Regeneration” ,February 22,2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=starfish+undergoing+regeneration&rlz=1C1CHBFenPH8
13PH813&sxsrf=ALeKk02t_tNqSsXNBdh0IEsUDZjX0jnqsw:1596718424233&source=lnms&
tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR-
O3Tz4brAhUkL6YKHTasDhMQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1045&bih=615#imgrc=xTPxx1HN
IGxEVM&imgdii=_MyIAH95YLVqAM

PMG Biology (July 17, 2019). Chromosomes and Sex: Grade 9 Understanding for IGCSE
Biology 3.26 3.27. https://pmgbiology.com/tag/fertilisation/

Sastry. September 8, 2018. “What are the Different Types of Asexual Reproduction”.
https://www.aplustopper.com/different-types-asexual-reproduction/

Shaffner, Paul. February 5, 2006. Starfish 10(Paul Haffner).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starfish_10_(paulshaffner).jpg

Toppr Answr. “Budding”. https://www.toppr.com/content/story/amp/budding-74614/

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