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    COHN, Jesse. Anarchism, Germany

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    Maurício Knevitz
    This document summarizes the history of anarchism in Germany from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how the first anarchist movements in Germany were suppressed by the government in the late 1800s. Anarchism regained some prominence during periods of unrest like the German Revolution in 1919. The Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands (FAUD) formed in 1919 as Germany's first anarcho-syndicalist union. While anarchism saw participation in events like the Bavarian Council Republic, the FAUD declined under the Nazi regime in the 1930s. Modern anarchist movements in Germany include the Freie Arbeiterinnenund Arbeiter-Union founded in 1977 and the emergence of the Autonomen political subculture in

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    COHN, Jesse. Anarchism, Germany

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    Maurício Knevitz
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    This document summarizes the history of anarchism in Germany from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how the first anarchist movements in Germany were suppressed by the government in the late 1800s. Anarchism regained some prominence during periods of unrest like the German Revolution in 1919. The Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands (FAUD) formed in 1919 as Germany's first anarcho-syndicalist union. While anarchism saw participation in events like the Bavarian Council Republic, the FAUD declined under the Nazi regime in the 1930s. Modern anarchist movements in Germany include the Freie Arbeiterinnenund Arbeiter-Union founded in 1977 and the emergence of the Autonomen political subculture in

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    This document summarizes the history of anarchism in Germany from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how the first anarchist movements in Germany were suppressed by the government in the late 1800s. Anarchism regained some prominence during periods of unrest like the German Revolution in 1919. The Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands (FAUD) formed in 1919 as Germany's first anarcho-syndicalist union. While anarchism saw participation in events like the Bavarian Council Republic, the FAUD declined under the Nazi regime in the 1930s. Modern anarchist movements in Germany include the Freie Arbeiterinnenund Arbeiter-Union founded in 1977 and the emergence of the Autonomen political subculture in

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    23 views2 pages

    COHN, Jesse. Anarchism, Germany

    Uploaded by

    Maurício Knevitz
    This document summarizes the history of anarchism in Germany from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how the first anarchist movements in Germany were suppressed by the government in the late 1800s. Anarchism regained some prominence during periods of unrest like the German Revolution in 1919. The Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands (FAUD) formed in 1919 as Germany's first anarcho-syndicalist union. While anarchism saw participation in events like the Bavarian Council Republic, the FAUD declined under the Nazi regime in the 1930s. Modern anarchist movements in Germany include the Freie Arbeiterinnenund Arbeiter-Union founded in 1977 and the emergence of the Autonomen political subculture in

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    COHN, Jesse. Anarchism, Germany. In: NESS, Immanuel (org.).

    The International Encyclopedia


    of Revolution and Protest. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009.

    "Even as exiles or emigrants, anarchists from Germany left their mark on history, as in the United
    States, where they accounted for five of the eight sentenced to death for the Haymarket bombing of
    1886, or in the East End of late Victorian London, where Rudolf Rocker (1873-1958) became a
    preeminent leader among the Jewish immigrant workers".

    "The first attempts at organizing an anarchist movement in Germany were halting, coinciding with a
    disastrous experiment in the tactic of "propaganda by the deed," which meant bombings and
    assassinations. Failed anarchist plots to assassinate the Kaiser in 1878 (in Berlin) and 1883 (at
    Niederwald) gave the government license for a crackdown, and German anarchist organizations
    were largely destroyed. By the end of the nineteenth century".

    "[…] the spread of anarchism there had been hampered not only by state repression, but by "the
    strength of the party of Social Democracy." The German working classes appeared to place more
    hope in the reformist Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of
    Germany) (SPD), newly legalized in 1890, than in a seemingly apocalyptic promise of
    revolutionary change. Nonetheless, the gradualist ideology of the SPD did not satisfy everyone, and
    a new generation of anarchists emerged from an anti-parliamentarist faction, "Der Jungen" (Youth),
    expelled from the party in 1892. At the same time, a revolt was brewing among members of the
    SPD-affiliated trade unions, called Lokalisten (Localists), who advocated a federalist organizational
    structure over strong centralized control. Influenced by revolutionary syndicalist currents, they
    broke away in 1897 to form an alternative labor federation, the Freie Vereinigung deutscher
    ewerkschaften (Free Association of German Unions) (FVdG) in 1903".

    "In 1903, seeking closer ties to the workers' movements, militants formed an Anarchistische
    Föderation Deutschlands (German Anarchist Federation) (AFD)".

    "While broader than any one ideology, several of the revolution's phases featured notable anarchist
    participation, such as that of Landauer, Mühsam, and Ernst Toller (1893-1939) in the Bavarian
    Räterepublik (Council Republic) of 1919".

    "During the chaos following the 1919 defeat of the Räterepubliken, anarchists continued to
    organize. At a September 1919 congress, the FVdG reconstituted itself as the Freie Arbeiter Union
    Deutschlands (Free Workers' Union of Germany) (FAUD), Germany's first anarchosyndicalist
    union, and was quickly joined by members of the AFD. In 1920 FAUD militants entered an anti-
    Fascist militia, the Rote Ruhrarmee (Red Army of the Ruhr Region), to help fight off a right-wing
    coup. At the same time, anarchists such as Milly Witkop-Rocker (1877-1955) were part of an effort
    within the FAUD to organize women workers, founding in Düsseldorf in 1921 a Syndikalistische
    Frauenbund (Syndicalist Women's Union) (SFB). Incorporating some of the strengths of the old
    Sozialistischer Bund (as well as the French idea of Bourses du Travail or Arbeitsbörsen, workers'
    cultural centers), the FAUD extended its efforts beyond the workplace, sponsoring communes,
    cooperatives, newspapers, and libertarian schools, and fighting for access to contraception and
    abortion. Perhaps most ambitiously, FAUD leaders were instrumental in building a new global
    organization named, after the example of the first International Workingmen's Association, the
    Internationale Arbeiter Assoziation (International Workers' Association) (IWA)".

    "In the last years of the Weimar Republic, FAUD militants formed anti-fascist street-fighting groups
    called Schwarzen Scharen (Black Crowds). However, the FAUD's decline proved irreversible. In
    1933 the burning of the Reichstag provided the Nazis with an excuse to clamp down on left-wing
    opposition. Prominent anarchists such as Mühsam were jailed and killed, while others, such as
    Rocker and Augustin Souchy (1892-1984), managed to escape the country; others joined
    underground resistance movements, like Düsseldorf's Schwarzrotgruppe".

    "Despite the anti-authoritarian and even anarchist sympathies of prominent activists of the
    generation of 1968 (such as Rudi Dutschke, 1940-79), elements of the Außerparlamentarische
    Opposition or "extra-parliamentary opposition" (like West Berlin's Kommune 1, 1967-9) and some
    of the urban guerilla organizations (such as the Bewegung 2. Juni or June 2nd movement, ca. 1972-
    80, and Revolutionäre Zellen/Rote Zora, ca. 1975-95), no large-scale anarchist organization would
    reemerge in Germany until 1977, when the Freie Arbeiterinnenund Arbeiter-Union (Free Workers'
    Union) (FAU), intended as a successor to the old FAUD, was founded".

    "In 1972, inspired by the Swiss journal Anarchisme et Nonviolence, the first issue of the anarcho-
    pacifist Graswurzelrevolution (Grassroots Revolution) appeared in Augsburg; it has since become
    the anarchist journal with the highest circulation in the German-speaking countries".

    "The mid-1980s also saw the emergence of the Autonomen, a political subculture with strong
    anarchist tendencies. In its early years the militant politics of the Autonomen strongly revolved
    around the defense of squatted houses and youth centers. Resistance to neo-Nazism, in the form of
    "Antifa" (antifascist) politics, remains an essential part of the Autonomen movement to this day".

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