ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY

Emilio Jacinto St., Davao City, Philippines

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

A PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF THE FRANCISCO

BANGOY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Submitted to

ARCH. MICHAEL JOHN B. AQUINO

Submitted by

ARANGOSO, MARLOUIE MITCH O.

July 4, 2018

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Research
1.1 Definition of terms and spaces…………………………………………2-
3
1.2 Design trends and innovations…………………………………………4
1.3 Design and planning standards………………………………………..4-8
Chapter 2: Site Analysis
2.1 Building orientation………………………………………………………9
2.2 Wind direction……………………………………………………………9
2.3 Solar angles and paths………………………………………………….10
2.4 Traffic analysis…………………………………………………………...10
Chapter 3: Development of Spaces
3.1 User behavior analysis…………………………………………………..11
3.2 Bubble diagram………………………………………………………11-13
3.3 Space program……………………………………………………….15-17
3.4 Matrix diagram………………………………………………………..18-20
3.5 Diagrammatic flow patterns………………………………………….21-
25
Chapter 4: Conceptual Analysis
4.1 Evolution of forms and shapes…………………………………………26
4.2 Design philosophy……………………………………………………….26
References……………………………………………………………………..27

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 Chapter 1: Research
1.1 Definition of Terms and Spaces
1. Aircraft – a machine design for flying.
2. Airport - an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air
transport.
3. Amenities – it is a portion of the terminal building that houses convenience,
service, and diversion facilities for the users.
4. Auxiliary support – functions as backup or support.
5. Average peak hour – it is the hour of the day when traffic is at its highest
percentage. The average peak day is the mean of about 10 percent of the year when
it comes to traffic volume.
6. Baggage diverter – it is a motorized device that evenly transfers baggage from a
working conveyor belt to the claim counter.
7. Boarding control point – it is a checkpoint that double checks a passenger’s
identifications to make sure that the person is approved to board their certain flight.
Usually, this point is located near the gate where the flight will depart.
8. Boarding passenger – any passenger authorized to board a particular flight.
9. Cargo – goods carried on an aircraft.
10. Connecting passenger – any passenger who arrives on a flight only to transfer to
another flight to arrive at their desired location. They are grouped into two categories,
the intraline and the interline.
11. Departure room – A gathering area, which includes the boarding control point,
located near the gate for the passengers waiting to board the aircraft.
12. Deplaning – any of the baggage, cargo, passenger, and etc.… which is
correlated to the unloading from an inbound flight.
13. Domestic passengers – any passenger travelling within a country and its cities.
Foreigners travelling just within the country doesn’t require any special checking and
are considered as domestic.
14. Enplaning - any of the baggage, cargo, passenger, and etc.… which is
correlated to the unloading from an outbound flight.
15. Gate – the location from which an aircraft is parked to discharge and load
passengers with their baggage.
16. Gate concourse – it is a wing from the terminal building for the purpose of a
protected access area for the passengers between the terminal building and the
gates. This area may also include functional areas and consumer services.
17. Gross load – it is the maximum weight at which an aircraft can operate with.
18. Ground transportation – these are the man-operated transportation vehicles for
the purpose of passenger use between adjacent airports.

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 19. Interline connection – it is a term for any passenger or baggage which came
from one airline and depart on another flight of a different airline.
20. Intown terminal – a detached facility that provides services for the processing of
a passenger and their baggage. Ground transportation is provided for the
passengers.
21. Intraline connection – it is a term for any passenger or baggage which came
from one airline and depart on another flight of the same airline.
22. Long-haul – any flight that travels a long distance compared to short haul flights.
This requires passengers to arrive earlier, carry more luggage, and are met with
more people compared to short haul.
23. Originating passengers – these are passengers who had just started their trip.
24. Outbound baggage room – it is the area to which the originating passengers’
checked baggage is distributed to be sorted according to flight before it is dispatched
for loading to an aircraft.
25. Overload – it occurs when gross load goes beyond maximum.
26. Passenger – a traveler utilizing public or private transport other than the driver or
crew.
27. Payload – part of the total load from which revenue is derived from.
28. Public health service – its function is to identify whether an inbound passenger
might pose a health risk to the rest of the population. The hazard may require
standard health checks and at most might be quarantined.
29. Ready room – a concealed and protected area adjacent to work areas where
employees assemble to receive work assignments.
30. Self-claim baggage – a process under which passengers arrive at a controlled
area and have access to terminating baggage. As they leave the area, attendants
double check the strap checks to make sure that the passengers only get the
baggage that they are permitted to.
31. Short-haul - any flight that travels a short distance compared to long haul flights.
This requires passengers to arrive later than of long haul flights, carry less luggage,
and are met with less people compared to short haul.
32. Standby passengers – passengers waiting on hold for a seat to become
available.
33. Terminating passengers – passengers who have arrived at their desired location.
34. Through passengers – passengers who arrive and depart on the same exact
flight.
35. Transfer baggage room – similar to outbound baggage room.
36. Unit terminals – a functionally complete terminal areas, which can be located in
various buildings, which can house various activities of different airlines.
37. Curb – a sidewalk usually covered adjacent to roads to permit vehicles to drop
off passengers.

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 38. Short term parking – parking lot for vehicles that are dropping off and picking up
passengers. It is generally more expensive the longer you stay.

1.2 Design trends and innovations

In the design of airports, the terminal should be a place for incoming passengers
to have a good experience. The terminal should be more than just a pathway where the
main goal is to board the plane. Incoming passengers should also have a great
experience while waiting to board their flight. The terminal at Barajas had a design
concept which they called the “canyon schemes”, where there are large open halls
which are flooded with light from up above through skylights. The light floods down to
the lower levels and it surely does provide a spectacle and at the same time reduces
energy consumption for lighting. (Davies, 2010)
Considering that Davao City experiences warm weather most time of the year,
the use of photovoltaic glass can help reduce the net energy consumption of the
building. By strategically placing PV glass at the right places, the airport would be able
to collect enough energy to power its basic functions. This is the goal in passive design,
it is by letting nature do the work. In this case, treating the building as a living building
such as a human function would greatly contribute to the community and the
environment. The latest trends in designing modern airports include glass curtain walls
to let the light in. Walkways with canopies are also designed with a glass overhead but
glazed to reduce the heat coming from the sun. PV glass can also be integrated with the
curtain wall and overhead to maximize overall solar energy conversion to electricity.
An airport should allow growth and change because from time to time there are
new emerging technology which allows the airport to stay up-to-date. It is important that
changes within an airport wouldn’t necessarily change the building’s structure. In one of
the terminals at Baraja airport, they used a steel frame system on the interiors which
makes it easier for them to puncture holes unto the floor if they wanted to add an
escalator. Another important variable for flexibility is for airport security. Security
concerns has been one of the highlight in designing airports. There are various
technologies that increases security for the passengers and its staff. By adding full-body
scanners and similar imaging devices minimizes disruption in the passenger flow. It is a
great improvement to an airport when security is integrated unto corridors rather than
having security areas or zones and by doing this will simplify the passenger experience.
(Davies, 2010)

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1.3 Design and planning standards
One of the most important element in the design of airports is flexibility, this is to
ensure that growth is possible for all of the elements in the system. This flexibility must
ensure that when an individual part of the system grows, the whole system is not
affected negatively. This applies to:
 Parking lots
 Public transportation systems
 Curb frontage
 Baggage claim areas
 Check-in areas
 Gate lounge areas
 Aircraft positions
By doing so, the airport is able to adapt to whatever changes there is in the future
because design and planning is forever changing as new innovations are invented
through time. Another reason is that, schedules often change at any point of the system
and problems happen in aircraft technology. These factors are the reasons why
expansion must be possible for each element.
The architect must obtain data from the traffic operator the amount of people that
access the short term, long term, and valet parking. From the data shall the architect
base the amount of parking spaces required. The architect should also take into
consideration employee parking and congestion especially when the shift changes.
In the design of the passenger terminal, the architect must take into
consideration the size of the new aircrafts. Therefore, in the design of the passenger
terminal, the architect must cater to the equipment of the airlines and their interests. The
terminal shall have enough space for cargo storage for the loading of passengers into
the aircraft. In this case, the apron should also allow flexibility for the aircrafts.
Included in the planning should be of fire safety and building access. The
possible fire hazards to be taken account for should be the:
 Aircraft
 Fueling operations in the apron
 Public area hazards
 Baggage room zones
 And cargo storage areas
There are different passenger terminal design solutions. Some of which are the
following: (image source: airport planning and terminal design by the civil aviation authority of Singapore)
1. Linear design: Fig. 1.3.1

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 2. Pier design: Fig. 1.3.2

3. Satellite design: Fig. 1.3.3

The function of a gate lounge has a similar standard throughout most airports.
The size of the gate lounge may vary depending on the type of aircraft. The basic
requirements are:
 Ticket counter (complete with communications equipment)
 Seating area for passengers
 Flight identification
 Last-minute baggage drops
 And lastly, a circulation pattern to segregate the deplaning and enplaning
passengers

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 Baggage handling is an essential part in the design of the passenger terminal. In
providing space for the baggage handling system, the architect must have an
understanding of the operation of each airline and their relationship with one another. A
check-in system can have a simple conveyor belt or a gravity chute.
For enplaning baggage, baggage can be received from either:
 Curbside check-in – this area must provide tagging and a mechanical
conveyor belt that lead the baggage to a central bag area.
 Counter check-in – this is found at the usual ticket counter in the main
terminal area. It is usually designed with a mechanization found behind the
counter to the central bag area.
 Gate check-in – bags in small quantities are received at the gate.
 Transfer baggage – other bags are received at a location adjacent to the
central bag area for transfer from other airlines.
For deplaning baggage, a terminal which gathers baggage into a single area will
have a different parameter with those that have a separate bagging area. To find out the
optimum size for a baggage claim area, these data are needed:
 Number of passengers and the amount of baggage claimed
 Type of claiming device and its dimensions
 Desired type of operation
 Degree of security required by authorities or the airline
For passengers carrying baggage, it would be best to provide them with convenience
such as automated doors, wide escalators and/or travellators, and other devices of the
same functions.
For air traffic passengers, it is anticipated that there are language problems.
Therefore, a series of glyphs are used as substitutes for bilingual messages.
Telephone communication is necessary and is an essential element in the passenger
terminal. For some, they include a telephone communication central hub with bilingual
operators for the convenience of those that have language problems.
Amenities should be provided for the traveling public. These may include any of the
following:
 Bank
 Barber shop
 Camera shop
 Cocktail lounge
 Drug store
 Duty free shops
 Employee snack bar and cafeteria

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  Gift shop
 Money exchange
 Newsstand
 Observation deck and lounge
 Lockers
 Restaurants and other eating facilities
 Rest room facilities
 Showers/dressing rooms
 Telegraph (desk and/or phones)
 Telephones
 Valet
 Clothes shop
Included with these amenities are medical and first-aid facilities located in the
passenger terminal if not found elsewhere. An internal telephone system between
airlines, operating authority, and/or police authorities may be required. The size of the
complex should be taken into consideration for such facilities.
The curb frontage is an important part in the total flow of the site. A poorly
designed curb frontage can affect the entire operation of the terminal such as confusion,
congestion, missed flights by enplaning passengers, and might even become a safety
hazard for the pedestrians if they are to cross the road. The architect must take his/her
time in designing the curb frontage and the road system adjacent to it. Present
designing systems had separated deplaning and enplaning road systems.
The curb frontage must take into consideration different types of vehicles such as:
 Private vehicles
 Valet-driven cars
 Rental cars
 Taxis
 Public transportation
To determine the dimensions of the curb frontage, there are certain factors and
assumptions to be taken in consideration:
1. All vehicles will require 35 lin ft at the curb.
2. The average time at which a passenger vehicle needs at the curb per type of
vehicle.
3. Valet parking shall take longer than standard passenger cars in order to give
attendant sufficient time to queue the vehicle. The total of parking queuing time is at
an estimated average of 5 minutes.
4. In order to compensate for heavy crowding periods due to holidays, an increase
of 30% in normal size is necessary.

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 5. The organization of curb frontage must be involved in the master plan and must
be allowed for growth.
6. The main circulation should not be sued as curb frontage. Instead, a branch from
the main road should be extended to the curb frontage.
7. The curb frontage should be divided into the active curb and the passive curb.
The passive curb is for valet parking use and long-term use.
8. Determine the average peak for vehicular traffic for enplaning and deplaning.

Chapter 2: Site Analysis

2.1 Building orientation
The building is oriented strategically to maximize the use of natural elements
such as wind and sunlight to aid daylighting and passive cooling.

Fig. 2.1.1: Orientation of the building according to the north direction

2.2 Wind direction

Windows are placed strategically where the northeast and southwest monsoon
originate from for passive cooling.

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 Fig. 2.2.1: Direction of the
northeast and southwest
monsoon

2.3 Solar angles and paths

Solar panels and walkways are placed strategically where sunlight hit the
building the most.

Fig. 2.3.1: Sun path from

sunrise to sunset.

2.4 Traffic analysis

The vehicles in Davao city that may access the curb frontage are private vehicles
and taxis. Public utility vehicles are provided with drop off and pickup near the major
road adjacent the site. Taxi waiting area are also provided for pickup. To shelter the
outcoming passengers from the weather to such waiting areas, canopied walkways are
provided for their convenience.

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 Fig. 2.4.1: Location of the
major road adjacent to the
site.

Chapter 3: Development of Spaces

3.1 User behavior analysis

Enplaning passenger  Bag check EntranceCheck-inBag

dropSecurityGateBoard

Deplaning passengerBaggage claimCurbTransportationExit airport

StaffSecuritySign-inLockerTo station

3.2 Bubble diagram

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 Fig. 3.2.1: Bubble diagram of the adjacent spaces in the Main Building

Fig. 3.2.2: Bubble diagram of the adjacent spaces in the Air Cargo Terminal

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 Fig. 3.2.3: Bubble diagram of the adjacent spaces in the Aircraft and Rescue Station

Fig. 3.2.4: Bubble diagram of the adjacent spaces in the Combination Equipment Building

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 Fig. 3.2.5: Bubble diagram of the adjacent spaces in the Service Equipment Building

3.3 Space program

Space Function User Ancillary Amenities
Provide comforts beyond
those afforded in Seats,
the airport terminal itself, Toilet, television,
such as more Kitchenette, desks,
Upper-class
VIP Lounge comfortable seating, passengers
Vault, charging port,
quieter environments, Waiting air-
and often better access lounge conditioning,
to customer service View deck
representatives.
is a small cooking area,
which usually has a fridge Microwave,
Upper-class
Kitchenette and a microwave, but passengers
VIP Lounge fridge,
may have other counter
appliances
Toilet For public use Passengers, Waiting Water closet,

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 lavatories,
lounge, VIP Urinals
lounge, (men),
Staff
Janitor’s Vending
closet machine for
toiletries
A reinforced room or Lounge,
CCTV
Vault compartment where Staff Security
cameras
valuables are stored room
is an automated machine
that provides items such
as snacks, beverages, ci
Vending garettes and lottery Passengers, Waiting
staff
---
Machines tickets to consumers after lounge
money, a credit card, or
specially designed card is
inserted into the machine.
CCTV
Security
Room where passengers cameras,
Detainee, room,
Detention with pending violations Staff
tables, chairs,
Offices,
are detained. air-
Toilet
conditioning
device that permits two or Waiting
more users to conduct a lounge,
Passengers,
Telephone conversation when they Staff
Concessions ---
are too far apart to be , Baggage
heard directly claim
Tables,
chairs,
a temporary or
Passengers, television,
Concessions permanent booth that staff
Telephone
food stalls,
sells snacks or fast food
air-
conditioning
where arriving
passengers claim
Baggage Telephone, Conveyor
checked-in baggage after Passenger
Claim Concessions machinery
disembarking from
an airline flight
Toilet, Crew Tables,
ready room, chairs,
Check in, television, air-
Waiting waiting area for Vending conditioning,
Passenger
Lounge passengers machine, view deck,
Concessions charging
, Cleaning ports
gear

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 cargo or freight are goods  Central
or produce being baggage
Freight Staff ---
conveyed, a freight room, Check
carries these in
transports
Baggage checked luggage from Office,
Conveyor
(handling & ticket counters to areas Passenger Check in,
machinery
palletizing) where the bags can be Freight
loaded onto airplanes
provides the answer to a LCD screens,
Office,
Information question of some kind or Passenger Bulletin
Check in
resolves uncertainty boards
Baggage,
enables passengers to
Waiting Computers,
check in luggage onto a
Check-in Passenger lounge, counter, air-
plane and to obtain
Freight, conditioning
a boarding pass
Information
where administrative work Computers,
Information,
is done by desks, chairs,
Baggage,
an organization's users in Administration, air-
Office order to support and realize Staff Lockers,
conditioning,
objects and goals of the Pantry,
storage,
organization Toilet
Filers
space in a building Shipping & Mechanical
Mechanical dedicated to
Loading repair
Equipment the mechanical equipment  Mechanic
and its associated dock, truck equipment,
Room
electrical equipment access Garage
Plane Crew
Place where plane crew Waiting Lockers,
Ready Plane crew
prepare for a flight lounge storage
Room
Cleaning A room where cleaning Janitor’s
Janitor Staff room
Gear equipment are kept equipment
Aircraft
Loading where goods vehicles
Passenger, Waiting CCTV
and (usually road or rail) are
Staff lounge cameras
Unloading loaded and unloaded
Dock
Sorting,
Accumulatin Storage and sorting room Air-
Cargo
g, Storage for goods or cargo from conditioning,
Staff check-in,
and enplaning or deplaning CCTV
Freight
Palletization flights cameras
Area
Shipping Portion of the building Staff Cargo CCTV
Loading where vehicles are check-in, Cameras,

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 Freight,
Dock loaded with goods. Information
Storage
Offices,
Filers,
Classified Storage for classified Check-in,
Staff Shelves, Air-
Storage information Administrativ
conditioning
e offices
A service that processes
CCTV
mail so that it would be Loading
cameras, Air-
Special delivered properly. With dock, Cargo
Staff conditioning,
Handling the purpose to protect check-in,
Storage
items that are perishable Storage
Shelves
from mail loss.
Loading
Truck An access area for the
Staff dock, Cargo ---
Access utilization for trucks.
check-in
Cargo
Receiving Portion of the building CCTV
check-in,
Loading where vehicles are Staff Cameras,
Freight,
Dock unloaded with goods. Information
Storage
Lounge,
Bed, Desk,
Rooms where employees Toilet,
Dorm Staff Chair, Lamp,
or staff reside. Shower,
Closet
Locker-room
An enclosed, movable
connector that extends
Waiting
from the terminal gate to Passengers,
Corridor Staff
lounge, Gate ---
the aircraft in which
terminal
passengers use to board
the aircraft.
Security Desk,
Office, Computer,
Assistant Office of the assistant Assistant administrativ Television,
Chief Office chief of security. chief e offices, Chair,
chief office, Storage ,
Toilet Drawer
Security
Desk,
office,
Computer,
administrativ
Office of the chief of Television,
Chief Office Chief e offices,
security. Chair,
Assistant
Storage,
chief office,
Toilet, Drawer
Toilet
Lockers and
Area in which the staff Lockers,
Multi-
and the crew store their Staff Offices, toilet Benches,
purpose
belongings. Desk, Rack
Rooms

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 Curb,
Parking
Vehicular Provided space for Space,
Staff ---
Service vehicular service. Office,
Lockers,
Garage
Maintenance CCTV
Storage room for unused room, camera,
Storage Staff
equipment. Vehicular Shelves, Air-
service conditioning
Shelves, Air-
Fire Specific room for the conditioning,
Equipment
Apparatus storage of fire emergency Staff CCTV
garage
Room apparatus. cameras,
Desk, Chair
Computer,
air-
Room for operating the Toilet and
Heating Staff, conditioning,
heating system of the shower,
Room Mechanic desk, chair,
airport. Lockers
CCTV
camera

3.4 Matrix diagram

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 Fig. 3.4.1: Space matrix for the Main Building

Fig. 3.4.2: Space matrix for the Air Cargo Terminal

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Fig. 3.4.3: Space matrix for the Aircraft and Rescue Station Space Matrix

Fig. 3.4.4: Space matrix for the Combination Equipment Building

20
Fig. 3.4.5: Space matrix for the Service Equipment Building

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3.5 Diagrammatic flow patterns

Fig. 1: Domestic enplaning passenger flow (source: time saver standards for building types, pg. 926)

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Fig. 2: Domestic deplaning passenger flow (source: time saver standards for building types, pg. 927)

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Fig. 3: Enplaning baggage (source: time saver standards for building types, pg. 929)

24
Fig. 4: Enplaning cargo (source: time saver standards for building types, pg. 930)

25
Fig. 5: Mail cargo (source: time saver standards for building types, pg. 931)

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 Chapter 4: Conceptual Analysis
4.1 Evolution of forms and shapes

4.2 Design philosophy

“Let nature do the work” – Passive over active systems to reduce the energy
consumption of the site. Through maximizing daylighting and natural cooling, use of
active systems is reduced. By letting light flood through the spaces, not only it lessens
the use of artificial light but also has a psychological effect on the passengers.

“A building should function like a living body. Once problems occur inside, the entire
system could shut down” – through proper planning, the flow should be smooth so as to
ensure optimum performance. Like a body, the lungs, and nose should be likened to the
ventilation system. The eyes as the light and the digestive, circulatory system as the human
circulation and energy consumption.

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References
Joseph de Chiara, J. C. (1983). Timesaver Standards for Building Types 2nd Edition. Singapore: Singapore
National Printers Ltd.

Kennedy. (2005). Planning & Design for Terminals and Facilities: Airport Standards Manual. New york:
Newerk Liberty.

Lo, C. (2010, June 15). Designing the Modern Airport. Retrieved from Airport-technology:
https://www.airport-technology.com/features/feature87774/

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