DISSERTATION

ON
‘A study into E-commerce and online business’
SUBMITTED

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

OF

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(BANKING & FINANCE)
OF
AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY
Brenwyn Saldanha
ENROLLMENT NO: A70006418060
(2018-21)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. BHAUSAHEB LONDHE

AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI - PUNE EXPRESSWAY,
BHATAN- PANVEL, MAHARASHTRA 410206

1
 DECLARATION

I Brenwyn Saldanha declare that, I have completed dissertation project titled as A

study into E-commerce and online business which is submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration of Amity

Business School, Amity University, Mumbai during 2018-2021.

The information presented in this project is original work and does not form any part of

the project undertaken previously to the best of my knowledge.

DATE: 3/31/2021 Signature

Brenwyn Saldanha

ENROLLMENT NO. A70006418060

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation Project titled as “A study into E-commerce and online

business” submitted by Brenwyn Saldanha in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

“Bachelor of Business Administration” of Amity Business School, Amity University, Mumbai

during 2018-2021.

DR. BHAUSAHEB LONDHE DR. A K S SURYAVANSHI

PROJECT GUIDE DIRECTOR

DATE: 3/31/2021

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTE PAGE
PARTICULARS
R NO. NO.

DECLARATION 1
CERTIFICATE 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction 8
1.2 Rationale for the Dissertation 10
1.3 Objectives of the Study 11
1.4 Research Methodology 12
1.5 Expected Scope and Outcome of the Project 13
1.6 Limitation of the Project 14
LITERATURE REVIEW 15
2 National & International Scenario
2.1 National Scenario 16
2.2 International Scenario 19
3 Analysis & Findings
3.1 Analysis of E-commerce in India 23
3.2 Growth of E-Commerce in India 23
3.3 Challenges and opportunities 23
3.4 Findings 24
4 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 26
REFERENCES 27

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Electronic trade (EC) is a term for a business or business exchange that includes the exchange of data
across an electronic organization, fundamentally the Internet. EC has extended a quickly preposterous
decade and is anticipated to proceed to go on like this, or even speed up because it permits customers
to trade merchandise and enterprises without any hindrances of time or distance and it is frequently
quicker, less expensive and more helpful than the conventional techniques for business. It is obvious to
see that EC is a region of significance in the field of business research, yet there have been just not
many writing surveys on this territory, and scarcely any of them are ongoing examination. In this
paper, a refreshed writing audit and arrangement system for EC research is introduced. The
investigation depends on the examination of countless distributions (particularly diary articles)
identified with EC utilizing different electronic diary information bases and printed diaries. The
entirety of the papers in the survey are arranged by proposed characterization structure which
comprises of fundamental and sub-classifications dependent on their principal center and
consequences of these are introduced. The aftereffects of this examination show that an expanding
amount of EC research has been led to a wide scope of territories. It is to be trusted that this
investigation will be useful for anybody intrigued by EC as a source and stir more revenue. As
appealing as it might be, E-Commerce is not without its own set of roadblocks that prevent it from
reaching its full potential. To begin with, the Internet continues to have a significant impact on the
lives of a vast number of people as an integral part of their daily lives. There are real privacy and
security concerns that keep people on edge, as they are faced with a dilemma any time, they need to
reveal highly sensitive details online, as well as when they transact online. Non-standardized protocols
for some processes, inadequate telecommunications capacity, and ever-evolving software tools (with
incrementing versions) are only a few of the technical problems that prevent E-Commerce from being
a fully integrated part of today's corporate IT systems. Though technological limitations are resolvable,
non-technical problems such as people's resistance to change and lack of confidence in faceless and
paperless transactions will take time to erode completely. In reality, E-Commerce is rapidly catching
up with the rest of the world, with the United States' online markets leading the way.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. BHAUSAHEB LONDHE from Amity University, Mumbai for
providing me valuable information. Although time was very limited for getting the sufficient
knowledge, but the short experience that I gathered while working on my project will remain as an
asset for all the time to come in my life. I take the opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to
my faculty guide Dr. Joyee Chatterjee Bose for her valuable suggestion and guidance during the study
period that has greatly inspired me in preparing this report successfully.
I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. A.K.S Suryavanshi for his support and guidance in
the overall dissertation making. I am grateful to Amity University Mumbai for giving me an
opportunity to pursue BBA. I would also like to express my thanks to other people for their support
and direction.

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 Brenwyn Saldanha

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Introduction

1.2 Rationale for the Dissertation
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Methodology
1.5 Expected Scope and Outcome of the Project
1.6 Limitation of the Project

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 INTRODUCTION

The buying and sale of products and services over the Internet, especially the World Wide Web, is
known as e-commerce (Electronic Commerce or EC). This term and a newer term, e-business, are
often used interchangeably in practice. The word e-tailing is often used to describe online retail sales.

I
Nowadays, in a developing economy, e-commerce is becoming more common. In
1995, e-commerce made its debut. It necessitates the use of digital products to
carry out transactions. Goods that can be accessed over a digital network are known
as digital goods (Laudon and Laudon, 2013). E-commerce is increasingly changing
how businesses communicate with one another, as well as with customers and governments. E-
commerce is now increasingly increasing in many developed markets and developing
economies as a result of shifts in the ICT environment (UNCTAD/IER/2015). As rapidly as
commercial transactions on the Internet have developed, so have the innovations designed to
enhance them. However, we are also far from achieving an ideal world. Ecommerce will
continue to develop and expand due to the increasing usage of the Internet, tablet computers,
and smart phones, as well as increased consumer trust. Because of the rapid growth of social
media in recent years, the interaction between companies and customers has become more
interactive, making online transactional exchanges simpler. With the help of technology like
virtual reality, online retailers are continuing to search for quality content and a more authentic
shopping experience. More consumers are buying from the palm of their hand as mobile
commerce increases in popularity (Miva-2011). By growing business prospects in developed
countries, e-commerce could be a huge aid.

a) What is E-business?

Electronic commerce, also known as internet market, is the buying and selling of goods
and services over the internet. Aside from buying and selling, a large number of people

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using the internet as a data source for analysis Expenses or take a look at the most
recent products on offer previously making a purchase on the internet or in a
physical store EBusiness is a phrase that is often used to refer to the
exactly the same relationship

b) How does goods get delivered?

Drop shipping is a retail delivery system in which a store does not hold stock of the products it
sells. When a store uses the drop shipping model to sell a product, it buys the item from a third
party and has it delivered directly to the consumer. As a consequence, the vendor is relieved of
direct inventory handling.

The most significant distinction between drop shipping and traditional retail is that the
selling merchant does not own or store inventory. Instead, the seller fulfils
orders by purchasing inventory from a third party—usually a wholesaler
or manufacturer—as required.

Benefits
Cost efficient
Getting started is easy.
A large range of items can be selected

Disadvantages

Not enough Margins

Inventory Issues
Complexities of shipping.

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1.2 Rationale for the Dissertation:

According to a survey conducted by trade body Assocham (The affiliated Chambers

of Commerce and trade of India), India's e-commerce sector dilated by eighty-eight p.c
from $2.5 billion in 2009 to $8.5 billion in 2012 and $16 billion in 2013. With the expansion
of on-line looking, the country's ecommerce market is projected to hit $56 billion by the
2023, per the report. Asian country is more and more turning into the world's country with the
most internet-literate population, and mobile phones area unit driving this development, with
some of the most affordable and simplest handsets currently giving net access. According
to knowledge discharged by the medium administrative body of Asian country,
India's complete internet users was at 238.71 million as of December 31, 2013. (TRAI).
The ability of on-line looking and higher looking experiences provided by
e-commerce websites among Indians have increased speedily as a result
of India's high net penetration. As a result, by 2019, the quantity of net users
is projected to exceed 700 million.

The following area unit the most drivers of Indian e-commerce growth:
(a) Increased Internet Usage:

(b) Increasing Computer Educational Levels:

(c) Occupied Lifestyle:

(d) Rising working class with Disposable Income:

(e) Awareness of Products:

(f) Easy to Find the Review of Products:

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1.1 Objectives of the Study:

1. To gain a thorough understanding of E-commerce.

2. To identify the benefits of E-commerce.

3. To know the challenges in E-commerce

4. To answer a few pertinent questions about E-commerce

The Internet revolution is hitting the globe so quickly that businesses all over the
world is scrambling to figure out what's going on, what it all means, where it's
going, and how to take advantage of this new opportunity. Despite the global
existence of this modern movement, studies show that nearly three-quarters
of all e-commerce (EC) is conducted in the United States today, and that 90
percent of all commercial web pages are hosted in the United States.

The aims of this research are to discuss some of the underlying rationales for the
previous findings, to examine the digital divide, to suggest potential solutions to
bridge and resolve the divide, and to make some concrete recommendations based
on the comprehensive literature review conducted here. To answer these questions,
this paper lays out a broad framework that includes a discussion of the current benefits
of global EC growth, national and corporate EC comparisons, an overview of EC
weaknesses, and the creation of global EC growth strategies.

“Given the Internet's worldwide reach, it's amusing to hear that the US now facilitates for
three-quarters of all e-commerce (EC) and 90% of all commercial web sites.”

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(The Economist, 2000).

1.2 Research Methodology:

The paper was written using secondary knowledge. Secondary data was gathered from books,
journals, and research papers that had been written. magazines, local newspapers, the
telephone, and government documents, documents containing statistics.

The research is of a qualitative kind.

It is clear that EC research cannot be categorized in a limited framework when

considering different research interests in EC such as application areas, technical
infrastructure, and public policy. EV reports are now conducted in a variety of journals
by researchers from various disciplines. For example, while engineering researchers
are interested in EC's technical infrastructure, social scientists are interested in EC's
public policy issues such as loyalty and trust. As a result, ABI Full, Taylor & Francis
Online Journals, Science Direct, Springer Link Journals, and Wiley Online Library
Journals, as well as other databases with publications in a variety of disciplines,
were investigated. In this literature review, published articles in journals and
conference proceedings papers were considered. Master's and doctoral theses,
as well as books and papers in the process of publishing, were not included.

The keywords "electronic commerce," "e-commerce," "electronic business," "e-business,"

and "online commerce" were used in this survey. International Journal of
Information & Management, Journal of Business Research, Electronic Commerce,
and Decision Support Systems were among the journals that were covered.
The full text of the articles was reviewed, and those that did not contain
material that was directly relevant to E-Commerce were eliminated.

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1.5 Expected scope and outcome of the project:

In developing economies not only like India but any other country around
the globe, information technology has played a critical
role in the future growth of financial sectors and business practices.
The increased use of smart mobile networks and the internet as a modern distribution platform
for business transactions and foreign trade necessitates a greater focus on e-commerce
protection in order to reduce fraudulent activity. The advent in information and communication
technology has resulted in various improvements in all facets of a person's everyday life. E-
commerce has a number of advantages that increase customer loyalty in terms of customer
service. Convenience in every place, allowing the business to achieve a competitive edge over
competitors. The other participants in a developing economy, this study foresees some
difficulties.
We will confer about the ecommerce trends in India and around the globe

Study Challenges in E-commerce.

Study Benefits of E-commerce.
Examine the literature to learn about the perceived advantages
and disadvantages.

In order to provide some insights to the statements above, this paper discusses the
benefits that would be achieved by coming global E-Commerce growth. In the
next section of our paper, we present the literature review of the status
of E-Commerce in today’s day and age.

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1.6 Limitation of the Project:

Every research has its own set of limitations. Study limitations may arise as a result
of limitations in research design or methodology, and these factors can have an effect on
your study's results. Many researchers, on the other hand, are unable to address the
study's shortcomings in their articles, fearing that doing so would diminish the study's
scientific importance in the eyes of readers and reviewers.

The current study's architecture has drawbacks, much like the majority of studies.

There are two forms of data collection: secondary and primary. Although secondary
data is already accessible as a result of study, interviews, and surveys, primary data
is fresh information gathered from the researcher. In order to achieve in order to
improve the validity of this work, a variety of secondary techniques is used. 
Other research papers and interviews have been thoroughly reviewed as
part of this paper.  When the study is focused on several data sources,
the findings are more reliable.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

 Growth in omni channels, niche companies, mergers and acquisitions, entering more rural
markets, and increase in ecommerce are some of the developments predicted by Khosla and
Kumar (2017) in their analytical study. Online marketing, an emphasis on utilities, and an
increase in digital payments are all factors to consider. Modes, technology, and supply chain
management all need to be improved.

 Karim (2013) conducted a study on customer online shopping behavior and

found that online vendors should guarantee their customers' safety
Ensure transaction confidentiality and avoid lengthy completion times
online orders and the annoyance of returning items improved shopping
experience on the internet Morris (2013) conducted a report on the topic
of "More Consumers Prefer Online Shopping."

 Kumar, N., (2018) In his analysis, he states that e-commerce is

projected to expand four times by 2021 as compared to 2015. Smartphone and internet users
will be major contributors to this development, as will increased public awareness, better
internet services, digitalization of most government initiatives with government support, entry
of foreign investors and business players, and advanced payment options available to
consumers. However, the government must take steps to provide a proper legal framework and
minimize legal risks.

15
Chapter 2: National & International Scenario

2.1 National Scenario

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The IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited) was the first company in India
to engage in online E-Commerce. The Indian government tried out this online strategy to make it
easier for its people to book train tickets. As a result, the government established the IRCTC Online
Passenger Reservation System, which allowed passengers to book tickets online from anywhere at any
time for the first time. This was a relief to the common man because he no longer has to stand in line
for long periods of time, he no longer has to waste time due to train delays, he no longer has to deal
with ticket bookers, and he no longer has to wait in line for long periods of time.

There are several more. As time passes, technical advances are made. passed on has also been spotted
in the IRCTC Online system. Now it is possible to book multiple tickets (tatkal, regular, etc.) in one
go. payments, as well as the ticket's status and availability. Additionally, you must prepare. This is a
significant accomplishment in India's history. E-Commerce is a term used to describe the activity of
buying and selling goods and services over the internet. Following the unexpected success of the
IRCTC, which runs an online ticket reservation system, was preceded by the airline companies (like
Air Deccan, Indian Airlines, SpiceJet, etc.). Web booking was promoted by airline agencies to save
money on commissions paid to agents, and as a result, a large portion of the country's population was
impacted. to experiment with e-commerce for the first time the reservation system is currently in use.is
not only restricted to transportation, but also includes hotel reservations, bus tickets, and other types of
transportation. Websites such as MakeMyTrip are used to make reservations and other arrangements.
as well as Yatra on a broad scale, the acceptance of ecommerce Other market players were also
influenced by the Indian people. Try this strategy for their E-businesses to see how much money they
can make. In spite of the fact that internet shopping has been available since the 2000 yet it acquired
prominence just with profound markdown model of Flipkart in 2007. Before long different entryways
like Amazon, Flipkart, Jabong, and so on begun chasing India for their organizations. For India's E-
Commerce industry, new occasions are drawing nearer. The Web based business infiltration in India
might be similarly lower than the US and other European business sectors, however it keeps on
developing at a quick rate with numerous new contestants. At present, E-Commerce is intensely
subject to the web and Smartphone unrest that has basically changed the manner in which
organizations collaborate with clients.

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 Year –wise growth in e-commerce

Sour
ce: Indian Brand Equity Foundation (July 2019). E commerce. Retrieved from https://www.ibef.org

18
Metropolitan India has in excess of 390 million web clients (as of

Dec.2018) out of 444 million populaces (according to 2011

census). While provincial India, which has assessed 906 million

populace, has in excess of 213 million clients of web according to

the information till Dec. 2018.

2.2 International Scenario

First and foremost, global ecommerce refers to the sale of goods or services across geopolitical
boundaries from a company's country of origin, which is typically identified as the location where it
was founded or incorporated. Digital sales and marketing are used to sell products or services to non-
native markets. Over the most recent monitored timeframe, cumulative data predicts a 276.9% rise in
global ecommerce revenue.

According to Statista, the global eCommerce market will surpass $2 trillion in 2020, with revenue in
China forecast to rise at a CAGR of 11.6 percent through 2024. According to forecasts in a Global
Market Outlook report, global e-commerce will expand at a CAGR of nearly 20% by 2027, reaching
$18.89 trillion.

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Source: eMarketer

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Aside from global figures, the following are the regional markets for ecommerce:

1. Asia: $831.7 billion

2. North America: $552.6 billion
3. Europe: $346.5 billion
4. Australia: $18.6 billion
5. Africa and the Middle East: $18.6 billion
6. South America: $17.7 billion

Source: Statista

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Source: Statista

It's not surprising that the United States' share of global revenue is declining, given the increasingly
borderless state of trade.

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 Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings

3.1 Analysis of E-commerce in India

Internet adoption is influenced by economic, legislative, and cultural factors all over the world. Since
each factor has a different weight in each region, the rate of Internet growth has been and will continue
to be different in each country.

3.2 Growth of E-Business in India

 Online retailers must maximize the use of technology, and designing strategies based on big
data analytics can aid in making consumers feel special and increasing brand loyalty.
 According to the Internet and Mobile Association of India, cash on delivery (Cod) accounts for
up to 60% of transactions.
 The growing acceptance and use of Smartphones enable companies to collect vast amounts of
data on customers, which can then be used to conduct targeted marketing and advertisement.

3.3 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-COMMERCE IN INDIA

Players from all over the world are paying attention to India's growing e-commerce volumes. India
is the world's second most populous nation, with 1.2 billion people. E-commerce businesses in
India face five major challenges as the industry develops.

 Many of the items purchased online by Indian customers are returned.

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  Cash on delivery is what most people adhere to as the payment option.

 The failure rate of payment gateways is high.

 The format of postal addresses is not standardized.

 Logistics is a predicament in thousands of Indian still developing towns

3.4 Findings

This chapter presents the findings from secondary sources., Information regarding the e-commerce
scenarios will be presented. This helps to receive a more accurate picture of the gathered data.

Barriers & Challenges

 Lack of trust

 • Mobile payments have taken a long time to gain traction.

 Payment fraud on the internet

 Shopping was a nightmare.

 A lack of positive feedback

Benefits and Opportunities

 Convenience and Ease

 24-hour, 7 day a week availability

 The holy grail of a retailer

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 Access to the audience that can be converted

 A single e-commerce website will serve the entire planet.

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 CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

Global EC growth is a wide and complex subject with several layers of content ranging from country
and industry concerns to supranational, national, and company-specific issues. Obviously, the scope of
such a subject precludes covering all aspects in a single article. Despite the fact that globalization is
regarded as a phenomenon that benefits the global economy in a variety of ways, based on a thorough
literature review and secondary data, we discover significant differences in global EC growth. This
research provides a broad context that includes a discussion of the current benefits of EC development,
national and corporate EC comparisons, and an examination of EC limitations.

E-commerce growth is heavily reliant on successful IT protection systems, for which the requisite
technical and legal protections must be placed in place and continually improved. Although many
Indian businesses, organizations, and societies are beginning to realize the benefits of e-commerce,
significant obstacles must be addressed before e-commerce can become a useful tool for the general
public. When it comes to India with the proliferation of internet access through mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets, millions of customers are making decisions online, allowing businesses to
digitally develop their brands and increase productivity. However, government policies must ensure
cost-effective methods/solutions. India's ecommerce market is set to expand in terms of revenue and
regional scope. The task of establishing customer trust in e-commerce raises a number of issues and
problems that require further investigation.

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REFERENCES:

Mitra Abhijit 2013. “E-commerce in India- a review”, International Journal of Marketing, Financial
Services, and Management Research is a publication dedicated to the study of marketing, financial
services, and management ISSN 2277- 3622 Vol.2, No. 2, February (2013).

Dr. Gupta Sachin, 2014. “Benefits and Drawbacks of ECommerce in India: A Review”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering is an international
journal that publishes advanced research in computer and communication engineering. Vol. 3, Issue 4,
April 2014.

Adaegroup Uk
https://www.adeogroup.co.uk/ecommerce-benefits/#:~:text=Benefits%20of
%20Ecommerce%20Site%20to%20Customers&text=Customers%20and%20potential
%20buyers%20can,24%2F7%20comfortably%20and%20conveniently. Accessed in
March 2021.

The Economic Times (2015). In the first six months of 2015, India's internet user base grew by 17% to
354 million people.: IAMAI report, Thursday, Sept. 3.

Statista, E-commerce in India - statistics & facts

https://www.statista.com/topics/2454/e-commerce-in-india/ Accessed in March 2021,
for citing the statistical secondary data of the Indian E-commerce Facts and Scenarios.

Statista, Retail e-commerce sales worldwide from 2014 to 2023

https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwide-retail-e-commerce-sales/ Accessed in March
2021, for citing the statistical secondary data of the International E-commerce Scenario.

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