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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Treatments:
Mechanical Ventilatior
A mechanical ventilator is a machine that generates a controlled flow of gas into a patient’s airways.
Oxygen and air are received from cylinders or wall outlets, the gas is pressure reduced and blended according
to the prescribed inspired oxygen tension (FiO2), accumulated in a receptacle within the machine, and
delivered to the patient using one of many available modes of ventilation.

Tracheostomy
Tracheostomy is an operative procedure that creates a surgical airway in the cervical trachea. The
traditional semantic difference between tracheostomy and tracheotomy is blurred in this instance because the
hole is variably permanent. If a cannula is in place, an unsutured opening heals into a patent stoma within a
week. If decannulation is performed (ie, the tracheostomy cannula is removed), the hole usually closes in a
similar amount of time. The cut edges of the tracheal opening can be sutured to the skin with a few
absorbable sutures to facilitate cannulation and, if necessary, recannulation; alternatively, a permanent stoma
can be created with circumferential sutures. The term tracheostomy is used, by convention, for all these
procedures and is considered to be synonymous with tracheotomy.

A tracheostomy is most commonly performed in patients who have had difficulty weaning off a
ventilator, followed by those who have suffered trauma or some catastrophic neurologic insult. Infectious and
neoplastic processes are less common in diseases that require a surgical airway.

Positive end-expiratory pressure

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure that exists
at the end of expiration. There are two types of PEEP:

 PEEP that is provided by a mechanical ventilator is referred to as applied PEEP (also called extrinsic
PEEP)
 PEEP that is secondary to incomplete expiration is referred to as auto-PEEP (also called intrinsic PEEP).

Airway pressure release ventilation


Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a relatively new mode of ventilation that became
commercially available in the United States in the mid-1990s. APRV differs fundamentally from that of
conventional positive-pressure ventilation. Whereas conventional modes of ventilation begin the ventilatory
cycle at a baseline pressure and elevate airway pressure to accomplish tidal ventilation, APRV commences at
an elevated baseline pressure and follows with a deflation to accomplish tidal ventilation (Figure 1) [1]. The
elevated baseline pressure facilitates oxygenation and lung recruitment while the timed releases aids in
carbon dioxide removal. Advantages of APRV include lower airway pressures, lower minute ventilation,
minimal adverse effects on cardio-circulatory function, ability to spontaneously breathe throughout the entire
ventilatory cycle and decreased need for sedation.
Name: Xenia Joy Benban

Sec./Grp: N4 – b – 5

Area: SCCH

Date: Aug. 29- Sept. 3, 2010

Clinical Instructor: Mr Placido Alcano, Jr.

Evaluation

After 36 hours of rendering care at SCCH, I was able to achieve almost of my goals and
objectives including assisting in a DR case or delivery which was Cord Care, I had gained more
knowledge about different drugs used in DR and through that it gave me a chance to
recall/review their functions, I was also able to practice my skills in preparing DR instruments
and the different principles which includes aseptic techniques, perineal care , and other
theories. Through that I was able to correlate some of the theories I learned in school which
includes the theory or principles of sterility.

This was our 2nd time having our clinical duty at San Carlos City Hospital, and just like the
first time, the place was always crowded with tons of people coming in and out the hospital,
hall ways are populated with admitting patients, but in spite of that, the hospital was still able
to accommodate these patients in need.

My group mates where as the same as always. They are cooperative and active in every
activity and ward teachings. They are helpful in the sense that when u needed a hand they are
always willing to lend u their help. I can say that unity really abound in our group that when a
challenge came through everyone binds hands to break what trials face our way thus success
is always at hand.

This was our 2nd time being under Mr.Alcano’s supervision, and as the same as last time,
he is so supportive and always making his self available whenever you need him, he strict in a
way that he wants you to learn. He taught us different medical info’s whenever we have free
time just to enhance or increase our knowledge of the different clinical theories. He is one of
the Clinical Instructor that inspires us and always remind us that in life there is always Hope
and that God will always provide you what you need.

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