Non Sibi High School

Andover’s Chem 550/580: Advanced Chemistry

Chapter 16, Review Quiz 1 Answers

1
Determine all oxidation numbers in:

a. As3−
b. F2
c. HO2 −
d. IO4 −
e. KH

a. As = -3
b. F=0
c. H = +1, O = -1
d. O = -2, I = +7
e. K = +1, H = -1

2
Determine all oxidation numbers, identify the reducing agent and oxidizing
agent, and balance the following equation that occurs in aqueous acidic solution
using the smallest possible whole-number coefficients:

UO2+ + MnO−
4 −→ UO2
2+
+ MnO2

UO2+ (O = −2, U = +4) + MnO−

4 (O = −2, Mn = +7) −→

UO2 2+ (O = −2, U = +6) + MnO2 (O = −2, Mn = +4)

reducing agent = UO2+ (U increases from +4 to +6)

oxidizing agent = MnO4 − (Mn decreases from +7 to +4)

oxidation: (UO2+ + H2 O −→ UO2 2+ + 2H+ + 2e− ) × 3

reduction: (MnO4 − + 4H+ + 3e− −→ MnO2 + 2H2 O) × 2
balanced equation: 3UO2+ + 2MnO− +
4 + 2H −→ 3UO2
2+
+ 2MnO2 + H2 O

1
3
Rank the solid alkali metals K, Li, and Na from weakest to strongest reducing
agent under standard conditions. Justify your answer using a table of standard
reduction potentials.

weakest = Na(+2.71 V) < K(+2.92 V) < Li (+3.05 V) = strongest

4
Rank the aqueous cations Ag+ , Al3+ , and Cd2+ from weakest to strongest ox-
idizing agent under standard conditions. Justify your answer using a table of
standard reduction potentials.

weakest = Al3+ (-1.66 V) < Cd2+ (-0.40 V) < Ag+ (+0.80 V) = strongest

5
For each spontaneous reaction below, calculate E◦cell and then balance the equa-
tion.

a. chlorine gas + aqueous potassium bromide

b. solid aluminum metal + aqueous hydrochloric acid
c. solid gold metal + aqueous nitric acid
d. solid zinc metal + aqueous cadmium(II) nitrate

a. E◦cell = (+1.36 V) + (−1.07 V) = 0.29 V

Cl2 (g) + 2Br− (aq) −→ 2Cl− (aq) + Br2 (l)

b. E◦cell = (+1.66 V) + (0 V) = 1.66 V

2Al(s) + 6H+ (aq) −→ 2Al3+ (aq) + 3H2 (g)

c. nonspontaneous
d. E◦cell = (+0.76 V) + (−0.40 V) = 0.36 V

Zn(s) + Cd2+ (aq) −→ Zn2+ (aq) + Cd(s)

6
A galvanic cell was constructed using a strip of nickel metal and a strip of
aluminum metal, a 1 M solution of NiSO4 and a 1 M solution of Al(NO3 )3 , and
an aqueous solution of NaNO3 in the salt bridge. For the spontaneous reaction

2
that occurred, calculate E◦cell and ∆G◦ , then balance the equation. Also sketch
the galvanic cell.

E◦cell = (+1.66 V) + (−0.25 V) = 1.41 V

  
◦ 96, 500 C 1.41 J
∆G = −6 = −8.16 × 105 J/mol = −816 kJ/mol
1 mol 1C
2Al(s) + 3Ni2+ (aq) −→ 2Al3+ (aq) + 3Ni(s)

7
Calculate the minimum voltage required to bring about the reaction
Cr3+ (aq) + Ag(s) −→ Cr(s) + Ag+ (aq) by electrolysis under standard condi-
tions, then balance the equation.

E◦cell = (−0.74 V) + (−0.80 V) = −1.54 V

minimum voltage = |E◦cell | = 1.54 V

Cr3+ (aq) + 3Ag(s) −→ Cr(s) + 3Ag+ (aq)

8
For the electrolysis of molten NaI, write the half-reaction that occurs at the an-
ode and the half-reaction that occurs at the cathode, then balance the equation.

oxidation (at anode): (2I− −→ I2 + 2e− ) × 1

reduction (at cathode): (Na+ + 1e− −→ Na) × 2
balanced equation: 2I− + 2Na+ −→ I2 + 2Na

3
9
a. For the electrolysis of aqueous NaI, write the half-reaction that occurs at
the anode and the half-reaction that occurs at the cathode, then balance the
equation.

b. If the electrolysis proceeds for 2.65 days using a current of 3.75 A, how many
kilograms of I2 will be produced?

a. Na+ (aq) = electrolysis spectator ion, E◦ox = -0.53 V for the oxidation of
I− (aq) is less negative than E◦ox for the oxidation of water:

oxidation (at anode): 2I− (aq) −→ I2 (s) + 2e−

reduction (at cathode): 2H2 O(l) + 2e− −→ H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq)
balanced equation: 2I− (aq) + 2H2 O(l) −→ I2 (s) + H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq)

b. oxidation (at anode): 2I− (aq) −→ I2 (s) + 2e−

1 mol e−
        
24 h 60 min 60 s 3.75 C 1 mol I2 253.8 g 1 kg
2.65 d = 1.13 kg
1d 1h 1 min 1s 96, 500 C 2 mol e− 1 mol I2 1000 g

10
a. For the electrolysis of aqueous LiNO3 , write the half-reaction that occurs at
the anode and the half-reaction that occurs at the cathode, then balance the
equation.

b. Using a current of 0.285 A, how many hours must the electrolysis proceed to
produce 444 mL of oxygen gas, measured at 28◦ C and 724 torr?

c. If 40.0 milligrams of hydrogen gas are produced when the electrolysis pro-
ceeds for 18.5 minutes, calculate the current used in the electrolysis.

a. Li+ (aq) and NO−

3 (aq) = electrolysis spectator ions:

oxidation (at anode): 2H2 O(l) −→ O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e−

reduction (at cathode): (2H2 O(l) + 2e− −→ H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq)) × 2
balanced equation: 2H2 O(l) −→ 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)

b. oxidation (at anode): 2H2 O(l) −→ O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e−

724 444
760 atm × 1000 L
n= L·atm
= 0.01712 mol O2
0.0821 mol·K × (28 + 273) K

4 mol e−
     
96, 500 C 1s 1 min 1h
0.01712 mol O2 = 6.44 h
1 mol O2 1 mol e− 0.285 C 60 s 60 min

4
c. reduction (at cathode): 2H2 O(l) + 2e− −→ H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq)
 
60 s
18.5 min = 1110 s
1 min
2 mol e−
    
1g 1 mol H2 96, 500 C
40.0 mg = 3829 C
1000 mg 2.016 g 1 mol H2 1 mol e−
3829 C
current = = 3.45 C/s = 3.45 A
1110 s

11
Determine all oxidation numbers, identify the reducing agent and oxidizing
agent, and balance the following equation that occurs in aqueous basic solu-
tion using the smallest possible whole-number coefficients:
IO− + Cr(OH)3 −→ I2 + CrO2−
4

IO− (O = −2, I = +1) + Cr(OH)3 (H = +1, O = −2, Cr = +3) −→

I2 (I = 0) + CrO2−
4 (O = −2, Cr = +6)

reducing agent = Cr(OH)3 (U increases from +3 to +6)

oxidizing agent = IO− (I decreases from +1 to 0)

oxidation: (Cr(OH)3 + H2 O −→ CrO2− + −

4 + 5H + 3e ) × 2
reduction: (IO− + 4H+ + 2e− −→ I2 + 2H2 O) × 3
balanced equation (acidic): 2Cr(OH)3 + 6IO− + 2H+ −→ 2CrO2−
4 + 3I2 + 4H2 O

2Cr(OH)3 + 6IO− + 2H+ + 2OH− −→ 2CrO2−

4 + 3I2 + 4H2 O + 2OH
−

2Cr(OH)3 + 6IO− + 2H2 O −→ 2CrO2−

4 + 3I2 + 4H2 O + 2OH
−

2Cr(OH)3 + 6IO− −→ 2CrO2−

4 + 3I2 + 2H2 O + 2OH
−

12
Calculate Kc for the reaction Fe2+ (aq) + Cd(s) −→ Cd2+ (aq) + Fe(s) at 25◦ C.

E◦cell = (−0.44 V) + 0.40 V = −0.04 V

Keq = Kc :
0.0257 V
−0.04 V = lnKc
2
Kc = 0.04

5
13
A galvanic cell is constructed at 25◦ C that utilizes the reaction 2Fe3+ (aq) + Cu(s) −→ 2Fe2+ (aq) + Cu2+ (aq).

a. If all aqueous ions in the cell have an initial concentration of 1 M, calculate

E◦cell .

b. Predict whether Ecell will increase, decrease, or remain unchanged if the

initial concentration of Fe3+ is 1 M, but the initial concentrations of Fe2+ and
Cu2+ are both changed to 0.075 M.

c. Calculate Ecell if the initial concentrations of all aqueous ions are 0.025 M.

a. E◦cell = 0.77 V + (−0.34 V) = 0.43 V

b. decrease product concentrations only = Qc decreases = Ecell increases

c.
0.0257 V (0.025)2 (0.025)
Ecell = 0.43 V − ln = 0.48 V
2 (0.025)2

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