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    3 - Simple Pneumatic Circuits Using Trainer Kit

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    Abhay Singh
    The document is a laboratory manual for experiments with simple pneumatic circuits. It details four experiments: 1) an automatic reciprocating cylinder circuit, 2) a speed control circuit, 3) circuits using special control valves like shuttle valves and twin pressure valves, and 4) a time-delay circuit. Diagrams are provided for each circuit along with explanations of how compressed air is routed through the various pneumatic components to perform the desired functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 - Simple Pneumatic Circuits Using Trainer Kit

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Singh
    217 views14 pages
    The document is a laboratory manual for experiments with simple pneumatic circuits. It details four experiments: 1) an automatic reciprocating cylinder circuit, 2) a speed control circuit, 3) circuits using special control valves like shuttle valves and twin pressure valves, and 4) a time-delay circuit. Diagrams are provided for each circuit along with explanations of how compressed air is routed through the various pneumatic components to perform the desired functions.

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    3_Simple Pneumatic circuits using trainer kit

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    The document is a laboratory manual for experiments with simple pneumatic circuits. It details four experiments: 1) an automatic reciprocating cylinder circuit, 2) a speed control circuit, 3) circuits using special control valves like shuttle valves and twin pressure valves, and 4) a time-delay circuit. Diagrams are provided for each circuit along with explanations of how compressed air is routed through the various pneumatic components to perform the desired functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    217 views14 pages

    3 - Simple Pneumatic Circuits Using Trainer Kit

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Singh
    The document is a laboratory manual for experiments with simple pneumatic circuits. It details four experiments: 1) an automatic reciprocating cylinder circuit, 2) a speed control circuit, 3) circuits using special control valves like shuttle valves and twin pressure valves, and 4) a time-delay circuit. Diagrams are provided for each circuit along with explanations of how compressed air is routed through the various pneumatic components to perform the desired functions.

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    Dr.

    Vishwanath Karad
    MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, PUNE
    SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS LABORATORY MANUAL

    Experiment No.3 Date:

    SIMPLE PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

     AIM: To connect and demonstrate following pneumatic circuits using laboratory


    pneumatic trainer kit:

    a) Automatic reciprocation of cylinder circuit


    b) Speed control circuit
    c) Pneumatic circuit using shuttle valve, twin pressure valve, quick exhaust valve
    d) Electro-pneumatic circuits

     PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS AVAILBALE ON TRAINER KIT ARE:

    1. F-R-L unit (1)


    2. Pressure manifold (1)
    3. Single Acting Cylinder (1)
    4. Double acting cylinder (1)
    5. Double acting cylinder with proximity sensor (1)
    6. 3/2 roller operated DCV (4)
    7. Limit switches (2)
    8. Pressure regulator (1)
    9. 3/2 push button operated DCV (4)
    10. 5/2 lever operated DCV (1)
    11. 5/2 single side pilot operated , spring return DCV(1)
    12. 5/2 both side pilot operated DCV(3)
    13. 5/2 single side solenoid operated , spring return DCV (1)
    14. 5/2 both side solenoid operated DCV(1)
    15. Flow control valve with integral check valve (1)
    16. Shuttle valve(OR Gate) (1)
    17. Twin pressure valve (AND Gate) (1)
    18. Quick exhaust valve (1)
    19. Time delay valve (1)
    20. Electrical panels (2)

    Above all components are of FESTO Company (DIDACTIC EQUIPMENT-TP201).


    Figure 1 and Fig.2 shows the actual pneumatic trainer kit and symbolic representation of
    pneumatic trainer kit respectively.
    Fig.1: Pneumatic trainer kit

    Fig.2: Symbolic representation of pneumatic trainer kit


    A) AUTOMATIC RECIPROCATING CIRCUIT

     This circuit shown in Fig.3 is used to cause the automatic


    reciprocation of double acting cylinder (4).
     The Components required as can be seen from the circuit are – 3/2
    roller operated valves (6), 5/2 pilot operated DCV (12) and 3/2 push
    button operated DCV (9) for starting and stopping of the circuit
    operation, etc.
     When the push button of DCV (9) is operated, the air supply from the
    manifold is connected to the ‘P’ port of (12) and depending on the
    position of the DCV (12) the extension or retraction stroke takes
    place.
     If the stroke is extension, it extends till the point it approaches the
    valve (6). After that the position of (6) which is normally open gets
    closed and the pressure line gets connected to the actuation port of
    (12).
     This pilot actuation causes the change of the position of DCV (12) and
    pressure line changes its direction and the flow takes place towards the
    rod end side of the cylinder causing a retraction stroke.
     Similarly, at the end of retraction stroke the other valve (6) is closed
    which again causes a pilot supply towards the other actuation port of
    DCV (12). Thus, causing a change in position of (12) and
    simultaneously obtaining an extension stroke.
     Thus, the process continues in a cyclic manner and we obtain a
    pneumatic circuit which is automatically reciprocating.
    Fig.3: Automatic reciprocation of cylinder circuit
    B) SPEED CONTROL CIRCUIT

     This circuit shown in Fig.4 is used to get a speed control (Throttle-in

    type) of the extension stroke of an actuator (4).

     Components required as it can be seen from the circuit diagram are –

    Flow control valve (15), 5/2 pilot operated DCV(12), 3/2 push button

    valves (9) (2 nos.), etc

     In this circuit two 3/2 push button operated DCV (9) are used to cause

    the extension and retraction stroke respectively. This is done by

    connecting the actuation port of (12) to the supply of either valve (9).

     Once actuated by any of the push button valves, the position of the

    valve (12) remains in the same position even though the button is

    released because of the absence of spring in the construction of the

    valve (12).

     Thus, when valve (12) is actuated such that we obtain an extension

    stroke, at that time the speed control is possible by varying the

    position of the knob present on FCV (15).

     Thus, the flow entering in the cap end side of the cylinder is metered

    and we obtain a speed control over the extension stroke.

     For speed control of the retraction stroke the position of FCV (15) is

    simply changed and it is put in the line coming out of the rod end side

    of the cylinder.
    Fig.4: Speed control circuit
    C) PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS USING SPECIAL CONTROL VALVES
    The pneumatic circuit using the following special control valves:
    i) Pneumatic circuit using Shuttle valve(OR Gate)
    ii) Pneumatic circuit using Twin pressure valve (AND Gate)
    and Quick Exhaust valve
    iii) Time-delay circuit

    i) Pneumatic circuit using Shuttle valve (OR Gate)

     Shuttle valve (OR - Gate)

    Figure 5 shows construction and symbol of shuttle valve. This is a three-port


    valve with two inlets and one outlet. From Fig.5, ports X and Y are inlets, port
    Z the outlet. If pressure is applied to port X, it will appear out port Z, but will
    not back-flow out port Y. If pressure is applied to port Y, it will appear out port
    Z but will not back-flow out port X. When the pressures are removed from ports
    X and Y, port Z will exhaust back out from any one of the two inlet ports.

    Fig.5: Shuttle Valve

    1. In the circuit shown in Fig.6, X and Y ports of the shuttle valve are
    connected to the two 3/2, push button operated, spring return DCVs and
    the Z port is connected to give the pilot signal to 5/2, pilot operated,
    spring return DCV.
    2. 5/2 DCV connects the double acting cylinder and the pressure port.
    3. During extension stroke of cylinder, the port P of the 5/2 DCV is
    connected to the port A.
    4. When 3/2 DCV actuates (push button is pressed) port X of shuttle valve.
    The port Y closes and from port Z a pilot signal is given to 5/2 DCV.
    Now 5/2 DCV shifts to connect port P to port B and the cylinder retracts.
    Cylinder is again extended, after releasing the 3/2 DCV.
    5. When another 3/2 DCV actuates port Y of shuttle valve, the port X closes
    and from port Z a pilot signal is given to 5/2 DCV. Again 5/2 DCV shifts
    to connect port P to port B and the cylinder retracts. Cylinder is again
    extended, after releasing this 3/2 DCV.
    6. The retraction stroke of cylinder is also obtained when both 3/2 DCVs are
    actuated together.
    Fig.6: Pneumatic circuit using ‘OR’ Gate
    ii) Pneumatic circuit using Twin pressure valve (AND Gate) and Quick
    Exhaust valve

     Twin pressure valve (AND-Gate)


    Figure 7 shows construction and symbol of twin pressure valve. This
    valve also has a three-ports with two inlets and one outlet. In this example
    ports X and Y are inlets, port Z the outlet. If pressure is applied to port X,
    it will not appear out port Z and If pressure is applied to port Y, it will not
    appear out port Z. But if pressure is applied to both X and Y
    simultaneously then it will appear out port Z.

    Fig.7: Twin Pressure Valve

     Quick Exhaust valve


    Figure 8 shows construction and symbol of quick exhaust valve. These
    valves are used wherever it is recommended to rapidly discharge the
    compressed air to maximize the cylinder speed, or for the quick release of
    brakes.

    Fig.8: Quick Exhaust Valve

    1. In the circuit shown in Fig.9 , X and Y ports of the Twin pressure valve
    (10) are connected to the two 3/2, push button operated, spring offset
    DCVs (3) and the Z port is connected to give the pilot signal to 5/2, pilot
    operated, spring offset DCV (12).
    2. 5/2 DCV (12) is connects the double acting cylinder (1) and the pump
    (14).
    3. During extension stroke of cylinder, the port A of the 5/2 DCV (12) is
    connected to the port P and the return port of the cylinder is connected to
    the quick exhaust valve (11). Therefore, the faster extension stroke is
    obtained.
    4. When any one of the 3/2 DCV (3) actuates (push button is pressed) port
    X of twin pressure valve (10) is closes and from port Z no pilot signal is
    given to 5/2 DCV (12).
    5. When both the 3/2 DCVs (3) are actuated together port Z of twin
    pressure valve opens as per the pressure difference in the ports X and Y
    and the pilot signal is given to 5/2 DCV. Now 5/2 DCV (12) shifts to
    connect port B to port P and the cylinder retracts. Cylinder (1) is again
    extended, after releasing anyone or both the 3/2 DCVs (3).
    6. Thus, the retraction stroke of cylinder (1) is only obtained when both 3/2
    DCVs (3) are actuated together. But the quick exhaust valve is
    dysfunctional during return stroke.
    Fig.9: Pneumatic circuit using Twin pressure valve (AND Gate) and Quick Exhaust
    valve
    iii) Time-delay circuit

     Time-delay valve

    Figure 8 shows construction and symbol of time-delay valve. This type of


    valve puts a time delay into the system. It may be used when it is necessary
    to ensure that a particular sequence of movements is completed before
    another sequence is commenced. The second sequence is protected by a time
    delay valve. It consists of a restrictor valve which charges a reservoir in a
    controllable way until the pressure in the reservoir has built up to a level
    where it can trigger a pilot operated 3/2 valve ; a non-return valve allows the
    reservoir to be emptied rapidly for the next timing cycle.

    Fig.10: Time-delay valve

    Fig.11: Time-delay circuit


    D) ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

    1. Figure 12 shows the electro-pneumatic circuit. This circuit shows the


    application of sensors in the operation of a pneumatic circuit.(Automatic
    reciprocating circuit)
    2. The components used in this circuit are – Limit switches , 5/2 both side
    Solenoid operated DCV .
    3. Actuation of the solenoid valves is done by passing electric current
    through its actuation ports.
    4. This is achieved by using limit switches to sense the position of the
    cylinder.
    5. When the extension stroke is completed, the contacts of limit switch
    (LS2) get closed and the electric current is passed through the actuation
    port of DCV so that the position of the spool within the valve changes
    and the pressurized fluid passes to the rod end side of the cylinder so that
    the retraction stroke occurs.
    6. Similarly, at the end of retraction stroke the contacts of other limit switch
    (LS1) gets closed and DCV is actuated in the other direction, so that the
    flow takes place towards the blind end side of the cylinder to affect the
    extension stroke.
    7. Thus, the operation takes place in a cyclic manner and we obtain an
    electric version of Automatic reciprocating circuit.
    Fig.12: Electro-pneumatic circuit

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